International Journal Of Hypertension[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Comparison of China Reference with Different National and International References: The Prevalence of High Blood Pressure in 695,302 Children and Adolescents in a Metropolis of Yangtze River Delta, China.
Zhang M, Zhang HT, Zha RS … +5 more , Gui GP, Han D, Hu J, Yang HB, Shen H
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34796027 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare performances of China reference and different national references on high blood pressure (HBP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 695,302 children and adolescents aged 7 t...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare performances of China reference and different national references on high blood pressure (HBP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 695,302 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in Suzhou, China, was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBP based on U.S., international, Europe, and China references in 2016. RESULTS: Different percentiles of height and blood pressure were found among four references. Referring to U.S. reference, the prevalence of HBP was the highest with 26.0%, followed by International reference with 20.0%, Europe reference with 19.5%, and China reference with 19.2%. McNemar tests indicated statistically significant differences between HBP prevalence comparing China reference with the other 3 references ( < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.947, 0.851, and 0.949 for U.S., international, and Europe reference, respectively. U.S. reference showed the highest sensitivity (98.2%), but the lowest specificity (91.2%), and Europe reference showed the highest kappa value (0.893). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBP varied among these four references, and the appropriate choice of reference would be important to recognize high-risk children and judge the trends of HBP prevalence in the targeted population.
The Prevalence of Hypertension in the Population without Awareness of the Disease: Data from a Rural Town of Shandong Province, China.
Wei M, Dong L, Wang F … +5 more , Cui K, Yu J, Ma D, Yang N, Li Y
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34777859 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of hypertension in the population without awareness of hypertension in a rural area, a cross-sectional study was carried out. METHODS: Blood pressures were measured in residents ov...
OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of hypertension in the population without awareness of hypertension in a rural area, a cross-sectional study was carried out. METHODS: Blood pressures were measured in residents over 60 years during the National Basic Public Health Service project carrying on in a rural town of Shandong province. Combined with detail information of the hypertension disease history, the status of prevalence of hypertension was calculated. Basic information and clinical laboratory examinations were analyzed with Student' or ' or chi-square test for univariate analysis. Multinomial logistic analysis was used in exploring multiple variables. RESULTS: According to the individual history and blood pressure levels, the awareness rate of hypertension in the population over 60 years old was 50.3% (1285/2554, 95% CI: 48.3-52.3%). The prevalence of hypertension was 55.1% (1270/2304, 95% CI: 53.1-57.2%) in the population without awareness of hypertension, in which the proportion of stage 1 hypertension was 58.8% (747/1270), stage 2 hypertension was 28.9% (367/1270), and stage 3 hypertension was 12.3% (156/1270). The prevalence of hypertension in men was 54.4% (611/1124, 95% CI: 51.4-57.3%), which was almost the same as that in women (55.8%, 659/1180, 95% CI: 53.0-58.7%) ( = 0.515, =0.473). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age ( = 11.848, =0.001). Age, BMI, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and drinking rate were positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension, that is, the higher the level of these factors, the higher the prevalence of hypertension; on the contrary, LDL and smoking rate might be negatively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension, which means, the higher the prevalence of hypertension, the lower the level of these two indicators. Binary and multinominal logistic results showed that age, BMI, and drinking had stronger effects on the higher blood pressure level. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness rate of hypertension among the elderly in a rural area needs to be further improved. In the prevention and control of hypertension, close attention should be paid to the group of elder, high BMI index, high levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, and drinking habits.
Nonadherence to Self-Care Practices, Antihypertensive Medications, and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in a Follow-up Clinic at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Wake AD, Tuji TS, Sime AT … +3 more , Mekonnin MT, Taji TM, Hussein AA
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34754517 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases affecting several individuals globally. However, the level of nonadherence to self-care practices, antihypertensive medications, and associated...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases affecting several individuals globally. However, the level of nonadherence to self-care practices, antihypertensive medications, and associated factors among hypertensive patients in a follow-up clinic at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of nonadherence to self-care practices, antihypertensive medications, and associated factors among hypertensive patients in a follow-up clinic at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2020. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 115 hypertensive patients who visited the follow-up clinic at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital from December 24, 2020, to January 15, 2021. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and exported to SPSS version 21.0 for statistical analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the presence of statistical association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 115 hypertensive patients were enrolled into the study, giving a response rate of 98.29%. The mean age of the study participants was 55.17 years (SD = 17.986). More than half of them (59 (51.3%)) were females. More than half of them (58 (50.4%)) were married. Nearly two-thirds of them (79 (68.7%)) had formal education. The level of nonadherence to self-care practices was 67.0% ( = 77, 95% CI: 60.0, 75.7). Meanwhile, the patient's level of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications was 16.5% ( = 19, 95% CI: 10.4, 24.3). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age >45 years (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.16, 7.18), having no formal education (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.74), and having ≤5 years' duration since diagnoses of hypertension (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.25) were factors significantly associated with nonadherence to self-care practices. Being male (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.93, 9.59), being married (AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.29, 13.76), and having an average monthly income of ≤2500 ETB (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09, 7.08) were factors significantly associated with nonadherence to medications. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the level of both nonadherence to self-care practices and antihypertensive medications was relatively high. There is a need to initiate programs that could create awareness about adherence to self-care practices and antihypertensive medications among hypertensive patients to improve their level of adherence.
Determinants of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension among Mothers Attending Public Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: Findings from Unmatched Case-Control Study.
Belayhun Y, Kassa Y, Mekonnen N … +3 more , Binu W, Tenga M, Duko B
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34745658 · Full text
BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and...
BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and child outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension among mothers attending antenatal and delivery services at public health hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutionally based unmatched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals. A total of 283 study participants were recruited for this study. Cases were selected consecutively as they were being diagnosed for pregnancy-induced hypertension, and two controls were selected for each case. Data were collected via the face-to-face interview technique using a pretested questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables and produced odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association. RESULTS: The mean ± (SD) ages of cases and controls were 26.1 ± 5.4 and 26.1 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09-4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20-8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48-17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05-9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73-11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. More importantly, eating vegetables and fruit reduces the odds of suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension by 77% (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.79). CONCLUSION: Being rural residents, illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Furthermore, fruit and vegetable intakes were identified as protective factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention of this disorder are warranted to reduce adverse outcomes.
Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics, Lifestyle, and Obesity on Coexistence of Diabetes and Hypertension: A Structural Equation Model Analysis amongst Chinese Adults.
Wu W, Diao J, Yang J … +7 more , Sun D, Wang Y, Ni Z, Yang F, Tan X, Li L, Li L
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34733558 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In general, given the insufficient sample size, considerable literature has been found on single studies of diabetes and hypertension and few studies have been found on the coexistence of diabetes and hyperte...
BACKGROUND: In general, given the insufficient sample size, considerable literature has been found on single studies of diabetes and hypertension and few studies have been found on the coexistence of diabetes and hypertension (CDH) and its influencing factors with a large range of samples. This study aimed to establish a structural equation model for exploring the direct and indirect relationships amongst sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, obesity, and CDH amongst Chinese adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of 25356 adults between June 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018, in Hubei province, China. Confirmatory factor analysis was initially conducted to test the latent variables. A structural equation model was then performed to analyse the association between latent variables and CDH. RESULTS: The total prevalence of CDH was 2.8%. The model paths indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and obesity were directly associated with CDH, and the effects were 0.187, 0.739, and 0.353, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle were also indirectly associated with CDH, and the effects were 0.128 and 0.045, respectively. Lifestyle had the strongest effect on CDH ( = 0.784, < 0.001), followed by obesity ( = 0.353, < 0.001) and sociodemographic characteristics ( = 0.315, < 0.001). All paths of the model were significant ( < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CDH was significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and obesity amongst Chinese adults. The dominant predictor of CDH was lifestyle. Targeting these results might develop lifestyle and weight loss intervention to prevent CDH according to the characteristics of the population.
Government-Expert Joint Intervention with Treatment Algorithm and Improved Hypertension Management and Reduced Stroke Mortality in a Primary-Care Setting.
Heizhati M, Li N, Zhang D … +7 more , Abulikemu S, Chang G, Hong J, Maimaiti N, Hu J, Wang L, Duiyimuhan G
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34691775 · Full text
Hypertension management is suboptimal in the primary-care setting of developing countries, where the burden of both hypertension and cardiovascular disease is huge. Therefore, we conducted a government-expert joint inter...
Hypertension management is suboptimal in the primary-care setting of developing countries, where the burden of both hypertension and cardiovascular disease is huge. Therefore, we conducted a government-expert joint intervention in a resource-constrained primary setting of Emin, China, between 2014 and 2016, to improve hypertension management and reduce hypertension-related hospitalization and mortality. Primary-care providers were trained on treatment algorithm and physicians for specialized management. Public education was delivered by various ways including door-to-door screening. Program effectiveness was evaluated using screening data by comparing hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates and by comparing hypertension-related hospitalization and total cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke mortality at each phase. As results, 313 primary-health providers were trained to use the algorithm and 3 physicians attended specialist training. 1/3 of locals (49490 of 133376) were screened. Compared to the early phase, hypertension awareness improved by 9.3% (58% vs. 64%), treatment by 11.4% (39% vs. 44%), and control rates by 33% (10% vs. 15%). The proportion of case/all-cause hospitalization was reduced by 35% (4.02% vs. 2.60%) for CVD and by 17% (3.72% vs. 3.10%) for stroke. The proportion of stroke/all-cause death was reduced by 46% (21.9% in 2011-2013 vs. 15.0% in 2014-2016). At the control area, the proportion of case/all-cause mortality showed no reduction. In conclusion, government-expert joint intervention with introducing treatment algorithm may improve hypertension control and decrease related hospitalization and stroke mortality in underresourced settings.
Epidemiological Features and Predictors of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 with and without Underlying Hypertension.
Moftakhar L, Piraee E, Mohammadi Abnavi M … +3 more , Moftakhar P, Azarbakhsh H, Valipour A
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34676114 · Full text
BACKGROUNDS: Individuals with hypertension are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and related mortality. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological features and predictors of mortality in patients with CO...
BACKGROUNDS: Individuals with hypertension are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and related mortality. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological features and predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 with hypertension. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the epidemiological characteristics of two groups of patients with COVID-19 with hypertension (1927) and without hypertension (39030) were compared. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the differences between qualitative variables in two study groups. Logistic regression was also used to determine predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 and in patients with COVID-19 with hypertension. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with COVID-19 was 4.7%, and 24.37% of COVID-19 related deaths occurred in these individuals. The average age of hypertension and nonhypertension patients was 61 and 37 years, respectively. Fever, cough, headache, anorexia, fatigue, and comorbid diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic lung and kidney disease, diabetes, immunodeficiency disease, and thyroid disease, were significantly more frequent in people with hypertension than those without hypertension. The chances of mortality in patient with COVID-19 were 1.8 times higher in individuals with dyspnea, 1.25 in individuals with fever, 1.33 in individuals with cough, 3.6 in patients with hypertension, 2.21 in diabetics, and 2.2 in individuals with cardiovascular disease. Also, individuals with COVID-19 with hypertension that had dyspnea, immunodeficiency, and cardiovascular disease were at higher risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a serious threat to patients with COVID-19. Therefore, in order to control these patients more precisely and reduce mortality in them, it is extremely important to develop prevention and treatment strategies.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease as a Marker of Hypertension Target Organ Damage in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ajayi SO, Ekrikpo UE, Ekanem AM … +7 more , Raji YR, Ogah OS, Ojji DB, Okpechi-Samuel US, Ndlovu KCZ, Bello AK, Okpechi IG
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34671490 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a major global cause of cardiovascular disease and death with rising worldwide prevalence, particularly in low-income countries. With low awareness, poor treatment, and low control of hypert...
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a major global cause of cardiovascular disease and death with rising worldwide prevalence, particularly in low-income countries. With low awareness, poor treatment, and low control of hypertension in Africans, there is an increased number of patients with target organ damage (TOD), especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a consequence of hypertension. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of CKD from studies in Africa reporting TOD related to hypertension. METHODS: We performed a search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and African Journals Online (AJOL) for studies reporting on CKD as TOD in patients with hypertension. The pooled estimate of CKD was then presented by subregions, age group, eGFR equations, and urban or rural location. RESULTS: We identified 1,334 articles from which 12 studies were included for quantitative analysis. The studies included 5297 participants from 6 countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Africa). The pooled prevalence of CKD was 17.8% (95% CI 13.0-23.3%), and CKD was significantly more prevalent in West Africa (21.3% (95% CI: 16.1-27.0); < 0.0001) and in studies conducted in urban settings ( < 0.001). CKD prevalence was not significantly different by type of GFR equation or age. CONCLUSION: This study reports a high prevalence of CKD related to hypertension with a higher prevalence in urban than rural areas. This emphasizes the role of hypertension in causing kidney damage, and the need for strategies to improve awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Africans. This study is registered with PROSPERO registration number CRD42018089263.
The Impact of and Polymorphisms on the Preeclampsia Risk in Han Chinese Women.
Li H, Yan X, Yang M … +5 more , Liu M, Tian S, Yu M, Li WP, Zhang C
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34646579 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication in pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality. However, the exact underlying etiology of PE remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that the...
OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication in pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality. However, the exact underlying etiology of PE remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that the cause of PE is associated with genetic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify susceptibility genes to PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human Exome BeadChip assays were conducted using 370 cases and 482 controls and 21 loci were discovered. A further independent set of 958 cases and 1007 controls were recruited for genotyping to determine whether the genes of interest and are associated with PE. Immunohistochemistry was used for localization. Both qPCR and Western blotting were utilized to investigate the levels of PTPRK in placentas of 20 PE and 20 normal pregnancies. RESULTS: The allele frequency of rs3190930 differed significantly between PE and controls and was particularly significant in severe PE subgroup and early-onset PE subgroup. PTPRK is primarily localized in placental trophoblast cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PTPRK in PE were significantly higher than those in controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PTPRK appears to be a previously unrecognized susceptibility gene for PE in Han Chinese women, and its expression is also associated with PE, while rs9489124 has no apparent correlation with PE risk.
Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among the Adult Population in Burkina Faso: Evidence from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey.
Cissé K, Kouanda S, Coppieters't Wallant Y … +1 more , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34631164 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Improved awareness of hypertension status can significantly increase early treatment, thereby red...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Improved awareness of hypertension status can significantly increase early treatment, thereby reducing cardiovascular complications and premature death. This study aimed to report the prevalence of the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among the adult population in Burkina Faso. METHOD: We performed a secondary analysis of the first national population-based survey on common risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Burkina Faso. It was a national representative cross-sectional survey among adults aged 25-64 years. Awareness of hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a prior diagnosis by a health worker or the use of any antihypertensive drugs. A modified Poisson regression model using a generalized estimating equation was used to identify factors associated with awareness of hypertension. RESULT: A total of 4628 people with valid blood pressure measurements were considered. Of them, 828 had hypertension. Among people with hypertension, the prevalence of awareness was 17.5% (95% CI: 14.4%-21.1%), and 47.3% (95% CI: 37.6%-57.3%) of them had taken antihypertensive medications for their hypertension. One-third (35.5% (95% CI: 23.3%-49.9%)) of those who took medications had controlled hypertension. The prevalence of awareness was significantly higher among women (21.1% (95% CI: 16.4%-26.7%)) compared with men (13.8% (95% CI: 10.4%-17.9%)) ( = 0.019). The prevalence of awareness increased with increasing age and education level. Nearly one-third (29.3% (95% CI: 25.3%-33.6%)) of people with hypertension needed antihypertensive drug treatment. CONCLUSION: There was a poor level of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Effective control strategies to increase the screening of hypertension in primary care and at the community level are necessary in Burkina Faso.
Relationship between Family Function, Anxiety, and Quality of Life for Older Adults with Hypertension in Low-Income Communities.
Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu Y … +3 more , Wu M, Zhou J, Mao Z
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34616569 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Effective functional family was beneficial for older adults' health, which may affect the quality of life (QoL) in hypertension patients. This study aimed to clarify the association between family function, a...
BACKGROUND: Effective functional family was beneficial for older adults' health, which may affect the quality of life (QoL) in hypertension patients. This study aimed to clarify the association between family function, anxiety, and QoL for older adults with hypertension in low-income communities. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 363 older adults with hypertension in low-income communities in Wuhan from September 2019 to November 2019. The relationships among the variables were examined by Pearson's correlation analysis. Predictor effects were tested using hierarchical multiple regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediation effects of anxiety on the pathway from family function to QoL. RESULTS: Family function was negatively correlated with the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score and positively correlated with the mental component score (MCS), but had no influence on the physical component score (PCS). Both PCS and MCS were negatively correlated with SAS. Anxiety was the negative predictor of MCS and PCS. Family function was the positive predictor of MCS, but had no influence on PCS. The path model indicated that anxiety significantly mediated the link between family function and QoL ( = 32.8%), but only partially. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation between anxiety, family function, and QoL was found. Anxiety had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between family function and QoL. Further research should focus on increasing the level of family function and reducing the perceived anxiety of older adults with hypertension to improve their QoL level.
Diagnostic and Predictive Values of LAP in Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Population Older Than 65 Years.
Yan S, Zheng QH, Sun DM … +3 more , Wu Y, Li TM, Zhong P
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34594579 · Full text
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of lipid accumulation product (LAP) in hypertension in Chinese population older than 65 years. A total of 2092 adults from the communities in Pudong New Area of Shangh...
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of lipid accumulation product (LAP) in hypertension in Chinese population older than 65 years. A total of 2092 adults from the communities in Pudong New Area of Shanghai were included in this cross-sectional study. The participants filled in questionnaire and received anthropometric and laboratory examinations. The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of different risk factors in hypertension. Results showed that LAP was closely related to hypertension (adjusted OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.007-1.015). In females, LAP, fasting blood glucose (FPG), and body mass index (BMI) were associated with hypertension; in males, triglycerides (TG) and waist circumference (WC) were related to hypertension. LAP (AUC = 0.655, 95% CI: 0.632-0.679) was better than neck circumference (NC) and BMI in predicting hypertension. When the cutoff value was 33.5, LAP had the best predictive performance. In males, LAP at 36.72 and 56.76 had the best predictive performance in males (AUC = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.629-0.697) and females (AUC = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.618-0.682), respectively. In conclusion, LAP is a risk factor of hypertension in the elderly. For hypertension, BMI, FPG, and LAP have favorable predictive performance in females, and WC and TG have better predictive performance in males.
Preliminary Experiment on the Effect of 18% Substitute Salt on Home Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertensives.
Li J, Mu L, Rao H … +4 more , Wu Y, Wang H, Tao H, Mu L
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34513088 · Full text
At present, the effect of substitute salt in reducing sodium intake and blood pressure is relatively clear. The present study is a phase I clinical trial involving 43 hypertensives in which the effect of 18% sodium subst...
At present, the effect of substitute salt in reducing sodium intake and blood pressure is relatively clear. The present study is a phase I clinical trial involving 43 hypertensives in which the effect of 18% sodium substitute salt on the home blood pressure variability (BPV) was observed for 8 weeks with weekly follow-up. Finally, 4 patients were lost, and 39 patients completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. Daily home blood pressure and weekly adverse events were collected. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the morning (-10.0 mmHg, 95% CI: -16.5 to -3.5, = 0.003), SBP at night (-10.2 mmHg, 95% CI: -16.1 to -4.3, = 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at night (-4.0 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.1 to -0.8, = 0.014) decreased significantly. Also, there was no statistically significant change in morning ( = 1.137, = 0.352) and night diastolic ( = 0.344, = 0.481) BPV and morning systolic BPV ( = 0.663, = 0.930) over time during the intervention period, except for that night systolic BPV had a downward trend ( = 2.778, = 0.016) and had decreased 2.04 mmHg (95% CI: 0.84 to 3.23, = 0.001) after intervention. The use of 18% of the substitute salt did not increase BPV during the intervention and even may decrease it, which indicates its control effects on blood pressure. This study is the first one to observe the effect of 18% sodium substitute salt on the home blood pressure variability, providing a basis for further experiments.
Socioeconomic Status and Its Relation to Hypertension in Rural Nepal.
Bhattarai S, Tandstad B, Shrestha A … +2 more , Karmacharya B, Sen A
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34497724 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension and its association with socioeconomic positions are well established. However, the gradient of these relationships and the mediating role of lifestyle factors among rural population in low- an...
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension and its association with socioeconomic positions are well established. However, the gradient of these relationships and the mediating role of lifestyle factors among rural population in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal are not fully understood. We sought to assess the association between socioeconomic factors (education, income, and employment status) and hypertension. Also, we assessed whether the effect of education and income level on hypertension was mediated by lifestyle factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 participants aged ≥18 years attending a rural health center in Dolakha, Nepal. Self-reported data on demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors were collected, and blood pressure, weight, and height were measured for all study participants. Those with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or administrating high blood pressure-lowering medicines were regarded as hypertensives. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and hypertension. We explored mediation, using the medeff command in Stata for causal mediation analysis of nonlinear models. RESULTS: Of the 50 hypertensive participants, sixty percent were aware of their status. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was two times higher for those with higher education or high-income category. Compared to low-income and unemployed groups, the prevalence ratio of hypertension was 1.33 and 2.26 times more for those belonging to the high-income and employed groups, respectively. No evidence of mediation by lifestyle factors was observed between socioeconomic status and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic positions were positively associated with hypertension prevalence in rural Nepal. Further studies using longitudinal settings are necessary to validate our findings especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal.
Identification of Potential Metabolic Markers of Hypertension in Chinese Children.
Sun J, Zhao M, Yang L … +4 more , Liu X, Pacifico L, Chiesa C, Xi B
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34484817 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Studies in adults have shown that several metabolites across multiple pathways are strongly associated with hypertension. However, as yet, to our knowledge, no study has investigated such association in child...
BACKGROUND: Studies in adults have shown that several metabolites across multiple pathways are strongly associated with hypertension. However, as yet, to our knowledge, no study has investigated such association in childhood. We, therefore, compared the serum metabolite profile of children with normal and elevated blood pressure (BP) to identify potential metabolic markers and pathways that could be useful for the assessment of pediatric hypertension. METHODS: The study included 26 hypertensive children (age range, 6-11 years) and 26 age- and sex-matched ones with normal BP, who were recruited from the baseline survey of the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry was performed to assess the serum metabolite profile. Logistic regression analysis was used to select significant metabolites associated with hypertension after adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profile. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst were utilized to search for the potential pathways of metabolites. RESULTS: A total of 45 and 34 metabolites were preliminarily screened in positive and negative modes, respectively (variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0 and < 0.05). After adjustment for the false discovery rate, 7 and 1 differential metabolites in the positive and negative modes, respectively, remained significant (VIP > 1.0 and < 0.05). These metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among these, two significant metabolites including ethanolamine and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylate displayed an area under the curve value of 0.820 (95% confidence interval, 0.688-0.951), with a sensitivity of 0.846 and a specificity of 0.769. CONCLUSION: The untargeted metabolomics approach effectively identified the differential serum metabolite profile in children with and without hypertension. Notably, two metabolites including ethanolamine and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylate exhibited a good discriminative ability to identify children with hypertension, providing new insights into potential mechanisms of pediatric hypertension.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Adult Hypertensive Patients at Northwest Amhara Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.
Hunegnaw A, Mekonnen HS, Techane MA … +1 more , Agegnehu CD
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34484816 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of the kidney function which leads to a decreased kidneys' ability to process waste in the blood and it affects the other important functions of the kidney....
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of the kidney function which leads to a decreased kidneys' ability to process waste in the blood and it affects the other important functions of the kidney. The disease has different stages that can alter the health status of individuals. During the early stages, patients may present with a normal or slight decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Later, it progresses and leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure. Hypertension is considered as the major contributing risk factor of CKD. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients in referral hospitals of the Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 581 adult hypertensive patients in a chronic follow-up clinic in referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, from July to August 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using the interviewer-administered questionnaire and participants medical records. Both bivariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Model fitness was assessed using a Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULT: The total prevalence of CKD among adult hypertensive patients was 17.6% (95% CI: 14.7-20.8). Diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (AOR = 8.65; 95% CI: 4.77-15.68), duration of hypertension ≥10 years (AOR = 8.81; 95% CI: 2.47-31.45), stage II HTN (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.04-6.50), comorbid disease (AOR = 7.0; 95% CI: 2.20-22.21), proteinuria (AOR = 4.59; 95% CI: 2.08-10.12), dyslipidemia (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.56-7.24), and serum creatinine ≥1 mg/dl (AOR = 8.88; 95% CI: 4.40-17.91) were associated with chronic kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of CKD among hypertensive patients found was 17.6%. Regarding associated factors, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, comorbid disease, serum creatinine greater than 0.9 mg/dl, duration of hypertension greater than 10 years, and diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg are factors associated with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients.
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Hypertension among Adults in a Rapidly Urbanised City.
Dun Q, Xu W, Fu M … +11 more , Wu N, Moore JB, Yu T, Li X, Du Y, Zhang B, Wang Q, Duan Y, Meng Z, Tian S, Zou Y
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34422409 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the relationship between the level of physical activity and the occurrence or prevalence of obesity and hypertension among people residing in urbanised areas. METHOD: A cross-section...
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the relationship between the level of physical activity and the occurrence or prevalence of obesity and hypertension among people residing in urbanised areas. METHOD: A cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1,001 adults was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic variables, physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and prevalence of hypertension. Logistic regression models were adopted to investigate the relationship between these factors. RESULTS: A total of 939 respondents who provided valid responses were included. Among them, 56.5% of the participants reported engaging in high levels of physical activity. However, 40.4% of the respondents were classified as overweight or obese, and 31.9% had diagnosed hypertension. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that physical activity levels were negatively correlated with the prevalence of BMI (OR = 0.564, 95% CI: 0.352-0.905; OR = 0.583, 95% CI: 0.375-0.907) and hypertension (OR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.348-0.888). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms recent evidence regarding the amount of physical activity that is associated with lower prevalence of obesity and hypertension in Pingshan District. Furthermore, different physical activities of various intensity levels had different effects on hypertension. Residents should be encouraged to engage in physical activities and maintain a healthy weight to improve their quality of life.
Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 2 and 3 in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Their Relationship with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome.
Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Nourbakhsh M, Alaee M … +4 more , Nourbakhsh M, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Sharifi R, Razzaghy-Azar M
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34422408 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is one of the adipocyte-derived inflammatory factors which connects obesity to insulin resistance. ANGPTL3 has a direct role in regulation of lipid metabolism. The object...
BACKGROUND: Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is one of the adipocyte-derived inflammatory factors which connects obesity to insulin resistance. ANGPTL3 has a direct role in regulation of lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 in childhood obesity and their relationship with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: 70 children and adolescents, 35 obese and 35 normal-weight subjects, were enrolled in this research after complete clinical examination and anthropometric evaluations. Serum ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 and insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated and used to estimate insulin resistance (IR). Colorimetric methods were used for the assessment of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). RESULTS: The levels of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 were significantly higher in obese subjects than those in controls, but they did not differ significantly in subjects with or without IR. ANGPTL3 was found to be significantly elevated in obese children with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison with those without MetS. Both of the studied ANGPTLs were positively correlated with BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TC, and LDL-C. The correlation between ANGPTL3 and either TC or LDL-C remained significant after adjusting for BMI. CONCLUSION: Serum ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 were elevated in obesity and associated with blood pressure and indices of metabolic syndrome, suggesting that they might be involved in the advancement of obesity-related hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Self-Care Practice and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.
Gelaw S, Yenit MK, Nigatu SG
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34422407 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Hypertension prevalence is continuously rising and is projected to be 1.56 billion cases by the year 2025. Despite the great progress made in the treatment of hypertension, many patients still do not achieve...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension prevalence is continuously rising and is projected to be 1.56 billion cases by the year 2025. Despite the great progress made in the treatment of hypertension, many patients still do not achieve optimal results and experience devastating complications due to uncontrolled high blood pressure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from October to November 2020. A single population proportion formula and systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 392 study participants. The data were entered to Epi-Info software version 7.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A descriptive statistic was expressed as percentage, frequency, and mean. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dependent variable using a value of <0.05. RESULTS: A total 392 eligible hypertensive patients participated in the study. The self-care practice among hypertension patients was found to be 54.1%. Urban residency (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.2-3.9), social support (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.13-3.39), good knowledge (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15-2.91), age between 40 and 64 (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.19-8.3), age ≥65 (AOR = 3.81; 95% CI, 1.35-10.7), and stress control (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.06-2.67) were predictors of hypertension self-care practice. . The study revealed that almost one out of two hypertension patients had good hypertension self-care practice. Good social support, age greater than 40 years, urban residency, good basic knowledge, and having stress control were positively associated with hypertensive self-care practice.
Improving the Accuracy in Classification of Blood Pressure from Photoplethysmography Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Deep Learning.
Wu J, Liang H, Ding C … +3 more , Huang X, Huang J, Peng Q
Int J Hypertens · 2021 · PMID 34394983 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based scalogram can be used for photoplethysmography (PPG) signal transformation to classify blood pressure (BP) with deep learning. We aimed to investigate the determinants...
BACKGROUND: Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based scalogram can be used for photoplethysmography (PPG) signal transformation to classify blood pressure (BP) with deep learning. We aimed to investigate the determinants that can improve the accuracy of BP classification based on PPG and deep learning and establish a better algorithm for the prediction. METHODS: The dataset from PhysioNet was accessed to extract raw PPG signals for testing and its corresponding BPs as category labels. The BP category of normal or abnormal followed the criteria of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Hypertension Guidelines. The PPG signals were transformed into 224 224 3-pixel scalogram via different CWTs and segment units. All of them are fed into different convolutional neural networks (CNN) for training and validation. The receiver-operating characteristic and loss and accuracy curves were used to evaluate and compare the performance of different methods. RESULTS: Both wavelet type and segment length could affect the accuracy, and Cgau1 wavelet and segment-300 revealed the best performance (accuracy 90%) without obvious overfitting. This method performed better than previously reported MATLAB Morse wavelet transformed scalogram on both of our proposed CNN and CNN-GoogLeNet. CONCLUSIONS: We have established a new algorithm with high accuracy to predict BP classification from PPG via matching of CWT type and segment length, which is a promising solution for rapid prediction of BP classification from real-time processing of PPG signal on a wearable device.
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