Acta Medico-historica Adriatica[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Professor dr. Zdravko Kučić (1910-1961), Promoter of the Hospital Service in Post-War Rijeka].
Kučić J
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488709 · Publisher ↗
Dr Zdravko Kučić was born in Bakar on 11 April 1910. In1928 he finished the Gymnasium in Sušak and graduated from the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade in1934. After completing the internship in Zagreb, he worke...
Dr Zdravko Kučić was born in Bakar on 11 April 1910. In1928 he finished the Gymnasium in Sušak and graduated from the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade in1934. After completing the internship in Zagreb, he worked at the General Public Hospital "King Alexander I" in Sušak as a secondary doctor of medicine and later as an assistant at the Internal Department. In 1940 dr Kučić became the specialist of Internal medicine. Until August 1943 he worked at Sušak and Rijeka Department of Internal Medicine. Upon the unconditional surrender of fascist Italy in September 1943 dr Kučić joined the partisans in the National Liberation War (1941-1945) performing the most important duties at military sanitation departments. After demobilization from the Yugoslav Army in January 1946, he was appointed Head of Internal and Infectious Diseases Department in General Hospital "Sušak" and in 1948 the Head of Department of Internal Medicine in General Hospital "Rijeka". In 1949 he was awarded the title "Primarius" of the Internal Medicine Department and the Director of the General Hospital "Rijeka". Dr Kučić was a prominent figure on the political and social scene. Among many of his duties in the bodies of public authorities, he was also the head of the Healthcare and Social Welfare Committee in the City Council of Rijeka. For many years he was the main organizer of the post-war public hospital health in the City and County of Rijeka. Dr Kučić was particularly responsible for the founding of the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka in 1955. In 1958 he was elected as an assistant professor and in 1959 as an associate professor at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka. He died in Rijeka on 21 October 1961.
[Between Supervision and Functionality: The Architecture of the Institute for the Insane in Stenjevec].
Drača V
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488708 · Publisher ↗
This paper reviews the architecture of the Royal National Institute for the Insane in Stenjevec during its construction and the first years of its existence. Since the opening of the Institute in 1879 until the end of th...
This paper reviews the architecture of the Royal National Institute for the Insane in Stenjevec during its construction and the first years of its existence. Since the opening of the Institute in 1879 until the end of the World War I, there were numerous adaptations and extensions of the original capacities. The paper shows how these extensions reflected the existing paradigm of the institutional architecture in the second half of the 19th century. Architecture, under the influence of Pinel's "moral treatment" as a primary therapeutic approach to mental illnesses in the 19th century, was considered to be a remedy and its therapeutic importance in the context of psychiatry was not questioned. While early examples of the architecture of psychiatric hospitals copied prison construction and were adapted to control the mentally ill (e.g., the Viennese "Narrenturm"), later plans, such as linear and separate (pavilion), sought to simultaneously increase control effectiveness, act therapeutically and respond to some practical needs of the more crowded institutes. The Stenjevec Institute, designed by the Viennese architect Kuno Waidmann, was created exactly at the transition between the linear and the separate type. The institute, originally conceived as a linear type of institution, was later transformed into a separate or pavilion type institute.
[Enrico Bottini (1835-1903), Italian Physician and Politician: A Master of Antisepsis and a Pioneer of Modern Surgery].
Martini M, Bragazzi NL
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488707 · Publisher ↗
Enrico Bottini (Stradella, Pavia, 7 September 1835 - Porto Maurizio, Sanremo, 11 March 1903) was a multifaceted surgeon, who left a strong mark in modern surgery, not only Italian but worldwide. A pupil of Porta and Ribe...
Enrico Bottini (Stradella, Pavia, 7 September 1835 - Porto Maurizio, Sanremo, 11 March 1903) was a multifaceted surgeon, who left a strong mark in modern surgery, not only Italian but worldwide. A pupil of Porta and Ribeti, as well as the distinguished French surgeon and anatomist Charles-Marie-Édouard Chassaignac, he has dedicated himself throughout his career to various areas of medicine, ranging from bacteriology and anti-sepsis (use of a derivative of phenic acid) to urological surgery (the so-called "endo-urethral galva-cauterization", also called Bottini's operation, or Perineal incision according to Bottini). He has also successfully dedicated himself to gynecology (trans-vaginal hysterectomy for uterine cancer and surgical treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas), maxillofacial surgery (endo-oral resection of the maxilla, subperiosteal resection of the mandible for the treatment of the stable jaw, total amputation of the larynx and the tongue for carcinomas), the dermosurgery (use of the electrocautery), and the vascular surgery (resection of the inferior vena cava). He was also an important Italian politician, first as a deputy and then as a senator.
The Curative Role of Bitumen in Traditional Persian Medicine.
Shahriari M, Zare F, Nimrouzi M
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488706 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Bitumen is a natural substance effusing from rocks' notches in some highland areas; it has been known as an effective remedy for treating some illnesses. Considering pain relieving properties of bitumen in tradition...
AIM: Bitumen is a natural substance effusing from rocks' notches in some highland areas; it has been known as an effective remedy for treating some illnesses. Considering pain relieving properties of bitumen in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) sources, this study aims to review the viewpoints of TPM sages regarding bitumen in the context of traditional Persian medicine. It also provides applicable information for interested researchers to conduct well-designed clinical trials and evaluate therapeutic effects of bitumen claimed in TPM sources. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Various databases including Embase, SID, IRANDOC, IranMedex, Scopus and PubMed were searched with keywords "bitumen" and "Shilajit". Furthermore, main traditional Persian medicine sources including Avicenna's "Canon of medicine", "Continens Liber" by Razes, "The storehouse of medicaments" by Aghili, "Gift for the faithful" by Momen Tonekaboni and "Measure for medicine" written by Muhammad Akbar Shah Arzani were reviewed with Persian keywords "Moomiaii" and "Mumnaei" Results: According to TPM sources, bitumen was used by Iranian's physicians to treat a wide range of diseases. It was known especially as an effective remedy to improve gastrointestinal digestive problems. CONCLUSION: Bitumen is cited in traditional Persian medicine sources as an effective remedy for treatment of a wide range of diseases, especially GI disorders and bone pain. Recent studies showed the beneficial effects of bitumen in treatment of wound healing, however using it in medical practice for other health dilemma should be confirmed by conducting well-designed clinical studies in the future.
Revisiting Avicenna's (ad 980-1037) Anatomical Concepts of the Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Nervous Systems in the Canon of Medicine.
Mazengenya P, Bhikha R
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488705 · Publisher ↗
Avicenna, as he is known in the West, was a famous Persian Muslim physician and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote and compiled the Canon of Medicine text, a book which was adopted...
Avicenna, as he is known in the West, was a famous Persian Muslim physician and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote and compiled the Canon of Medicine text, a book which was adopted as the main text of medicine at the most Persian and Western universities. The book consists of basic medical sciences, applied clinical sciences and pharmacology. In the current study, we present an analysis of the anatomy of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems as viewed by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine, and compare them with the relevant modern literature.
Nikolaos Louros (1898-1986): The Reformer of Greek Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the 20th Century.
Manidaki AG, Tsiligianni I, Trompoukis C
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488704 · Publisher ↗
The present article reports on the career of Professor Nikolaos Louros and his contribution to the development of obstetrics and gynaecology. The data presented is based on desk research with the aim to gather and analys...
The present article reports on the career of Professor Nikolaos Louros and his contribution to the development of obstetrics and gynaecology. The data presented is based on desk research with the aim to gather and analyse relevant credible information from documents existing in primary and secondary resources in the archive of Foundation History of Medicine N. Louros. As a Professor at the University of Athens, Louros introduced new teaching methods. His multifaceted work includes writing, teaching, research, and the clinical and laboratory context. His scientific interest covers all areas of obstetrics and gynaecology. Pioneering and progressive in the medical field, he invented new clinical and surgical methods with international appeal. As a director, Louros established innovative rules in the Maternity Hospitals he directed. He supported every effort aiming to protect maternity and the child, and adopted a new approach regarding the problem of home based obstetric help to the destitute women.
The Saint George Quarantine Station of Piraeus, Greece (1865-1947).
Rosenberg A, Tsiamis C, Poulakou-Rebelakou E … +1 more , Pikoulis E
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488703 · Publisher ↗
For centuries, the marine quarantine system was the major protection of the public health against serious infectious diseases around the world. The present study reconstructs the history of the Quarantine Station of Pira...
For centuries, the marine quarantine system was the major protection of the public health against serious infectious diseases around the world. The present study reconstructs the history of the Quarantine Station of Piraeus, one of the largest Mediterranean ports, known as the "Lazaretto of Saint George", as a vital element in the maritime sanitary protection of Greece. Our research will investigate the impact left by this institution on public health, as well as on the economic life of the port of Piraeus and the adjacent capital city of Athens. With regard to the first issue, we will seek to evaluate its role in relation to major outbreaks in the capital, as well as the arrival of 1.3 million Greek refugees after the Greco-Turkish War of 1922. The opening of Suez Canal (1865) was a great challenge and the institution was problematic at administrative and sanitary levels. During 20th century, the station complied with the national public health legislation and the international sanitary conventions. Until the Second World War, the Lazaretto of Saint George played a key role in both the protection of public health in general, but also in the economic and industrial progress of Piraeus and Athens.
Johann Bachoven von Echt (1515-1576) and his work on scurvy: An omen of Vesalius' death?
Biesbrouck M, Goddeeris T, Steeno O
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488702 · Publisher ↗
A discussion is given of the figure of Johann Bachoven von Echt and his family, and on his work on scurvy. The disease is evaluated as a possible cause of the death of Andreas Vesalius. Echt's relationship with Jan Wier...
A discussion is given of the figure of Johann Bachoven von Echt and his family, and on his work on scurvy. The disease is evaluated as a possible cause of the death of Andreas Vesalius. Echt's relationship with Jan Wier and his connections with Vesalius and Metellus are illustrated. A historical overview of the literature on scurvy is provided highlighting the importance of the work of Echtius and Ronsse for the early knowledge of that disease. A report by Metellus on the circumstances of Vesalius' death is added.
A historical approach to syphilis infection in Korea.
Shin DH, Lee HJ, Hong JH … +5 more , Woo EJ, Shin E, Kim YS, Ki HC, Lee E
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Oct · PMID 30488701 · Publisher ↗
From the end of the 15th century, syphilis spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Venereal syphilis has been a major research topic, not only in clinical medicine but also in paleopathology, especial...
From the end of the 15th century, syphilis spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to public health. Venereal syphilis has been a major research topic, not only in clinical medicine but also in paleopathology, especially because it is a disease of questionable origin and of high prevalence until the discovery of antibiotics. Syphilis in history has been studied extensively in Europe and the Americas, though less so in Asia. In this review, based on extant historical documents and available paleopathological data, we pinpoint the introduction and trace the spread of venereal syphilis in Korea to the end of the 19th century. This review provides fundamental information that will be a great help in future researches on pre-20th century syphilis in Korea.
Innovative use of magnesium oxide in the treatment of "neuralgia of the celiac plexus of rheumatic origin" by G. Moscati in 1923.
Colaci M, Ponti G
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198278 · Publisher ↗
We presented and discussed one interesting medical prescription by doctor Giuseppe Moscati (1880-1927), who prescribed magnesium oxide (magnesia usta) to a patient with the diagnosis of "neuralgia of the celiac plexus of...
We presented and discussed one interesting medical prescription by doctor Giuseppe Moscati (1880-1927), who prescribed magnesium oxide (magnesia usta) to a patient with the diagnosis of "neuralgia of the celiac plexus of rheumatic origin". Besides the traditional use of magnesium as antacid remedy at the time, we raised the hypothesis that magnesium could be administered by Moscati in order to treat the neuralgia itself. Considering the scientific background of Moscati at the school of Filippo Bottazzi (1867-1941), a father of Italian biochemistry, we suggested that the doctor tried to apply the preliminary concepts acquired from electrophysiological studies on magnesium to his clinical practice. Only after decades, magnesium was recognized a fundamental ion in the energy metabolism and in contributing to maintain the ionic intracellular homeostasis, including for neurons.
[A comparison between Giovan Battista Rini and Paolo Gorini].
Piombino-Mascali D
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198277 · Publisher ↗
This short paper aims to explore analogies between the two famous embalmers from Lombardy, Giovan Battista Rini and Paolo Gorini. These extraordinary figures are wellknown due to their petrified specimens and are compare...
This short paper aims to explore analogies between the two famous embalmers from Lombardy, Giovan Battista Rini and Paolo Gorini. These extraordinary figures are wellknown due to their petrified specimens and are compared on the basis of preparation typologies, materials employed and the shroud of mystery that characterized their stories.
Tapping on the chest of history. Lost and found memories of Leopold Auenbrugger, inventor of percussion, in Austria and beyond.
Borghi L
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198276 · Publisher ↗
Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809), the inventor of percussion, joins René Laennec as the father of modern physical examination. On the occasion of the bicentennial of the invention of the stethoscope (1816), I went in sear...
Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809), the inventor of percussion, joins René Laennec as the father of modern physical examination. On the occasion of the bicentennial of the invention of the stethoscope (1816), I went in search of the material footprints left by Auenbrugger in his homeland, Austria. This attempt led me to construct a rather fragmented picture, with some disillusionment (e.g. about his tomb) and some pleasant surprise (e.g. a new interpretation of the extant iconography). Apparently, posterity has not been sufficiently mindful of or grateful towards this great innovator of medical science. All the more reason for knowing and protecting what is left of him: buildings, monuments, portraits… Anyway, Leopold Auenbrugger is honored and implicitly remembered today, as he was in the past, every time a doctor practices the percussion on the chest of a patient (i.e. billions of times each year).
The concept of portal system obstruction in Avicenna's canon of medicine.
Heydari M, Dalfardi B, Golzari SE … +3 more , Abbas Zaidi SM, Lankarani KB, Mosavat SH
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198275 · Publisher ↗
Historical literature on portal hypertension is mainly focused on the contemporary advances in therapeutic methods, especially surgical ones. However, it seems that the origin of the human knowledge on the portal system,...
Historical literature on portal hypertension is mainly focused on the contemporary advances in therapeutic methods, especially surgical ones. However, it seems that the origin of the human knowledge on the portal system, its association with the caval system, obstructive pathologies in this system and the gastrointestinal bleeding due to hepatic diseases might be much older than previously believed. Avicenna provided a detailed anatomy of the portal venous system and its feeding branches in the Canon of Medicine. Soddat al-Kabed va al-Masarigha (liver and mesenteric occlusion) is also a disease presented by Avicenna with clinical, etiological and therapeutic descriptions suggesting the fact that Soddat al-Kabed va al-Masarigha has multiple similarities with the currently identified concept of "portal hypertension". He presented sense of heaviness in the liver area with or without mild pain, anemia, pale and inappropriate body color, and loose stool which can be complicated with ascites, infection, fever and abdominal pain as clinical manifestations of this disease. He has also suggested therapeutic approaches including laxative and diuretic herbs to help excreting the obstructive material into stool or urine.
Pheidias Apollonius (ca. 4th century BC), unveiling the ancient Greek medico-philosophical school of the island of Rhodes.
Tsoucalas G, Choremi E
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198274 · Publisher ↗
The ancient Greek medico-philosophical school of the island of Rhodes was lost in the fog of history. However, the discovery of a stone column dedicated to Pheidias unveiled somehow some parts of its tale. The Island of...
The ancient Greek medico-philosophical school of the island of Rhodes was lost in the fog of history. However, the discovery of a stone column dedicated to Pheidias unveiled somehow some parts of its tale. The Island of Rhodes became in the 4th century BC a place of significant process in philosophy and medicine. Having both an Asclepieion and a Medical School with a rich library, the Rhodian Asclepiades transmitted their knowledge to future schools. Pheidias Apollonius was a member of the School of Rhodes, who was celebrated for his practise by the city-state of Athens. His magnitude testified in a way the supremacy of the school that he originated from.
Public health experiences from interwar Croatia (Yugoslavia) and making western medicine in the 1930s China.
Dugac Ž
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198273 · Publisher ↗
To gain control and domination over a particular territory, medicine was often used as a tool for promoting different interests. Using the activities of the League of Nations Health Organization and the Rockefeller Found...
To gain control and domination over a particular territory, medicine was often used as a tool for promoting different interests. Using the activities of the League of Nations Health Organization and the Rockefeller Foundation on the territory of China in 1930s, this paper analyses the interconnection of the international and local factors in the transformation of the traditional Chinese milieu to suit the new and trendy public health projects. These activities were conducted not only to improve the public health conditions in the country, but also to introduce the Chinese public health to the processes of internationalization and standardization to the west oriented type of medicine and medical education. Initiated processes necessarily interfered with the political influences, economical interests and cultural environment as well as with military actions in this very turbulent time of Chinese history. Public health activities were carried out by the group of international experts. Among them the main position took two Croatian physicians: Andrija Štampar (one of the founders of the World Health Organisation later) and Berislav Borčić (a director of the School of Public Health in Zagreb). On the basis of correspondence between these two physicians, as well as the travel diary of Andrija Štampar, this essay presents some less known details about the situation in China and the interlacing between politics and medicine.
[Father and sons: Feller family members in the context of the beginnings of advertising in Croatia].
Fatović-Ferenčić S, Ferber Bogdan J
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198272 · Publisher ↗
This paper presents the role of Eugen Viktor Feller, a pharmacist and factory owner, with an emphasis on his marketing strategy in advertising his pharmacy specialty Elsa. Various types of contemporary press and advertis...
This paper presents the role of Eugen Viktor Feller, a pharmacist and factory owner, with an emphasis on his marketing strategy in advertising his pharmacy specialty Elsa. Various types of contemporary press and advertising leaflets and packaging were used as a starting point for analysis. The abundance of the collected material provided an insight into Feller's communication strategy of the approach to consumers, comparing advertising in different media and time spans. Following the appearance and elaboration of visual communication phenomena as part of family interest, approaches and advances in the development of advertising in the projects of Feller's sons Miroslav and Ferdinand were presented. Upgrading to the father's positive marketing experience they begin a more contemplative advertising campaign. Ferdinand Feller introduces the concept of collective pharmaceutical propaganda into pharmaceutical marketing, while Miroslav Feller becomes one of the leaders in the development of institutionalization and professionalization of commercial graphic design. Thus, marketing development was demonstrated through marketing approaches and innovative ideas of the three members of Feller family, illustrating the shift in approaches that marked the beginning of a different management within an industrial society, where advertising became an indispensable part and a promoter of market relationships.
Francisco Arceo de Fregenal and the treatment of clubfoot up to the sixteenth century.
Vallejo JR, Mesa M, Cobos-Bueno JM
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198271 · Publisher ↗
The correction of clubfoot as a subject of study is somewhat unusual, especially if one considers that up until the Renaissance only two authors dealt with the subject of this inherited disorder. On the one hand is Ambro...
The correction of clubfoot as a subject of study is somewhat unusual, especially if one considers that up until the Renaissance only two authors dealt with the subject of this inherited disorder. On the one hand is Ambroise Paré, whose contributions to traumatology and orthopaedics are staggering, and on the other, Francisco Arceo de Fregenal, also known as the Ambroise Paré of Spain. Both men developed a method for treating this condition, and a special orthopaedic shoe. So, why is it that in the Spanish literature the French surgeon was considered the pioneer in the development of an orthopaedic boot from the start and not Arceo? Why was the work of the Spaniard not studied in depth, as it deserves to be? These questions troubled us and led us to write this paper, in which as the primary objective we decided to highlight Arceo's contributions to the field of orthopaedics. Concrete arguments and works exist today that have led to common agreement among scholars of the subject that the Spanish surgeon was a Jewish convert. The social, economic and political conditions in Europe at that time may give us some idea of the difficulties for a Jewish convert in the sixteenth century, and clearly, it was difficult for a scientist to have followers who would defend his methods and technical ideas. Nevertheless, we believe that Francisco Arceo de Fregenal deserves more recognition and his work should continue to be studied in more depth.
[200th birth anniversary of Ignatius Philipp Semmelweis].
Atalić B
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2018 Jul · PMID 30198270
Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis's significance for the history of medicine lies in his discovery of the cause of puerperal fever. He discovered it during his work at the First Obstetrics Clinic of the Vienna's Allgemeines Krank...
Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis's significance for the history of medicine lies in his discovery of the cause of puerperal fever. He discovered it during his work at the First Obstetrics Clinic of the Vienna's Allgemeines Krankenhaus. Since the mentioned Clinic, led by the doctors, had much higher mortality rates of the child-bearing women than the Second Obstetrics Clinic, led by the midwives, he wanted to determine the causes of such a state. He came to the conclusion that puerperal sepsis was transmitted by the doctors and medical students, who after performing the anatomical sections started to perform the births with their hands beforehand washed only with soap. Semmelweis instead proposed a mandatory hand washing in a potassium-hypochlorite solution thus making the mortality at the First equivalent to the mortality at the Second Obstetrics Clinic. Despite this, his discovery was rejected by the established medical circuits.
Detailed analysis of research and practice in the life of a pediatric surgeon in East Central Europe in the 20th century - an example of prof. Zofia Umiastowska-Sawicka.
Wolak P, Wincewicz A, Porębska A … +3 more , Sulkowski S, Wincewicz-Price A, Price J
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2017 Dec · PMID 29402122 · Publisher ↗
Professor Zofia Umiastowska Sawicka laid the foundations for modern pediatric surgery in Poland, first in Bialystok, and subsequently in Kielce. She was a student of Prof. Jan Kossakowski from Warsaw Medical University t...
Professor Zofia Umiastowska Sawicka laid the foundations for modern pediatric surgery in Poland, first in Bialystok, and subsequently in Kielce. She was a student of Prof. Jan Kossakowski from Warsaw Medical University to be counted among his most talented and skilled disciples. Professor Umiastowska became the head of the first Department of Pediatric Surgery in Bialystok, which was later incorporated into the Medical Academy of Bialystok. In 1977 she moved to Kielce to run the Department of Pediatric Surgery until her retirement in 1991. In these locations she was the one who trained generations of pediatric surgeons with special emphasis on surgical management of exstrophy of the bladder, vaginal labial adhesion (synechia), injuries of the male urethra, liver and hepatic ligament. During her professional lifetime she focused on congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Meckel's diverticulum, and some aspects of pediatric oncology as well. Every school she attended enriched her with the best of knowledge and skills that made her a perfect teacher for others. However, the Warsaw Medical University essentially played the main role at the core of her surgical training: here she was taught and she learnt how to be pediatric surgeon for good of public health of the society in concord with the motto of the Warsaw Medical University: Saluti publicae.
John C. Carapanayiotis (1909-1999): the Greek radiologist and pioneer of physiatry in Greece.
Baltas CS, Balanika AP, Carapanayiotis OJ … +2 more , Hesketh G, Sgantzos MN
Acta Med Hist Adriat · 2017 Dec · PMID 29402121 · Publisher ↗
John C. Carapanayiotis was specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation in the USA in 1948, at a time when the medical world in post-war Greece was ignorant of this specific medical specialty, and the political, e...
John C. Carapanayiotis was specialized in physical medicine and rehabilitation in the USA in 1948, at a time when the medical world in post-war Greece was ignorant of this specific medical specialty, and the political, economic and social backdrop was incapable of accepting and understanding the wealth of scientific knowledge that he was trying to introduce. At this point it should be noted that the specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was established in Greece in 1973. John C. Carapanayiotis was a member of the American Congress of Physical Medicine during the 1950's. In the same period, he expressed interest, on behalf of the New York University, in the establishment of a Physical Therapy Clinic in Greece, which would be granted unlimited funding by the Marshal Plan. His efforts clashed constantly with the backward mentality of his time, with the entrenched conservatism and with the bureaucratic red tape. Unfortunately, he was far ahead of his time and was condemned to the same fate as all other visionaries and pioneers in the way that his knowledge and scientific background were not put into practice for decades to come.
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