Social Neuroscience[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Using conflict negativity to index psychological tension between impartiality and status-upholding principles.
Plaks JE, Lv J, Zhao M … +2 more , Staples W, Robinson JS
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Oct · PMID 34229583 · Publisher ↗
People often endorse the moral principle that all human lives are equally valuable. At the same time, people often privilege high-status individuals over low-status individuals. These two inclinations come into conflict...
People often endorse the moral principle that all human lives are equally valuable. At the same time, people often privilege high-status individuals over low-status individuals. These two inclinations come into conflict in a scenario involving the potential killing of a high-status person to save the lives of multiple low-status people. In the present study, participants viewed a series of sacrificial dilemmas in which the social status of the victims and beneficiaries was varied. We measured participants' choice (sacrifice vs. don't sacrifice), response time, and electroencephalographic activity, with an emphasis on conflict negativity (CN). Overall, we found no effects of victim/beneficiaries status on choice and response time. However, participants displayed a more pronounced CN effect when contemplating a high-status victim/low-status beneficiaries tradeoff than a low-status-victim/high-status beneficiaries tradeoff. Further analyses revealed that this effect was primarily driven by participants who endorsed deontological principles (e.g., "Some rules must never be broken, no matter the consequences"). In contrast, those who endorsed utilitarian principles displayed equivalent levels of conflict negativity, regardless of the social status of victims and beneficiaries. These findings shed light on the role of conflict in the phenomenology of moral decision making.
Money gained through suffering is less valuable: Pain reduces the sensitivity to outcome magnitude in monetary decision making.
Jiang D, Tang J, Guan Q … +2 more , Cui F, Luo YJ
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Oct · PMID 34229571 · Publisher ↗
Enduring pain would change individuals' behavioral preferences and neural responses in multiple decision-making tasks. Yet few studies have investigated how money's casual association with painful experience would modify...
Enduring pain would change individuals' behavioral preferences and neural responses in multiple decision-making tasks. Yet few studies have investigated how money's casual association with painful experience would modify people's decisions with it. It is an important and common social situation. The present study investigated how money's association with pain influences the way people make monetary decisions. Participants gambled with money that they earned in four different ways: enduring pain (Pain), randomly assigned (Random), non-painful effort task (Effort), and observing negative images (NO). Results revealed two different patterns. In the Random and Pain conditions, participants were not sensitive to the gambling risk such that they more randomly chose high- and low-risk options; the differences in FNR amplitude triggered by high- and low-risk choices were comparable on the neural level. In contrast, in the Effort and NO conditions, participants showed higher sensitivity to the magnitude and larger differences in FNR amplitudes between high- and low-risk choices. These findings suggested that pain cannot increase the subjective value of monetary gain like other non-painful efforts can do and monetary rewards may not be the optimal way to compensate for the physical suffering or loss in society.
Patrolling the boundaries of social domains: Neural activations to violations of expectations for romantic and work relationships.
Bland AR, Zahn R, Elliott R … +2 more , Taylor JR, Hill J
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Oct · PMID 34228605 · Publisher ↗
According to the social domains hypothesis, we reduce the information-processing demands of complex social cues by classifying them into a limited number of domains, each with distinct sets of expectations. This requires...
According to the social domains hypothesis, we reduce the information-processing demands of complex social cues by classifying them into a limited number of domains, each with distinct sets of expectations. This requires rapid identification of violations of the boundaries between social domains. We hypothesized that these violations are likely to be associated with neural activation of the salience system. Using fMRI we compared responses of 20 adults to expected and unexpected everyday social scenarios in personal and work interactions. The vignettes exemplified different kinds of scenarios presented in the work setting, i.e., task-focused scenarios which are expected at work and scenarios with a personal focus, which are unexpected at work. The key contrast between task and personal focussed scenarios presented in the work setting was associated with fronto-insular activation. Perceived inappropriateness of the unexpected scenarios, and shorter response time to judgment of inappropriateness were also associated with fronto-insular activation, after controlling for unpleasantness. This study indicates specific neural responses to violations of expectations in different social situations. Our findings suggest that the fronto-insular region is implicated in rapid detection of behaviors that cross the boundaries of social domains, which are hypothesized to be necessary for efficient social information processing.
The extrastriate body area is involved in reciprocal imitation of hand gestures, vocalizations, and facial expressions: A univariate and multivariate fMRI study.
Okamoto Y, Kitada R, Tanabe HC … +4 more , Sasaki AT, Kochiyama T, Yahata N, Sadato N
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 34133907 · Publisher ↗
The extrastriate body area (EBA) in the lateral occipito-temporal cortex has an important role in reciprocal interaction, as it detects congruence between self and other's hand actions. However, it is unclear whether the...
The extrastriate body area (EBA) in the lateral occipito-temporal cortex has an important role in reciprocal interaction, as it detects congruence between self and other's hand actions. However, it is unclear whether the EBA can detect congruence regardless of the type of action. In the present study, we examined the neural substrate underlying congruence detection of three types of actions: hand gestures, vocalizations, and facial expressions. A univariate analysis revealed a congruency effect, especially for imitating action, for all three types of actions in the EBA. A multi-voxel pattern analysis classifier in the EBA was able to distinguish between initiating interaction from responding to interaction in all experiments. Correspondingly, the congruency effect in the EBA revealed by univariate analysis was stronger for responding to than for initiating interaction. These findings suggest that the EBA might contribute to detect congruence regardless of the body part used (i.e. face or hand) and the type of action (i.e. gestural or vocal). Moreover, initiating and responding to interaction might be processed differently within the EBA. This study highlights the role of the EBA in comparing between self and other's actions beyond hand actions.Running head: Function of EBA in reciprocal imitation.
Cortical processing of speaker politeness: Tracking the dynamic effects of voice tone and politeness markers.
Caballero JA, Mauchand M, Jiang X … +1 more , Pell MD
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 34102955 · Publisher ↗
Information in the tone of voice alters social impressions and underlying brain activity as listeners evaluate the interpersonal relevance of utterances. Here, we presented requests that expressed politeness distinctions...
Information in the tone of voice alters social impressions and underlying brain activity as listeners evaluate the interpersonal relevance of utterances. Here, we presented requests that expressed politeness distinctions through the voice (polite/rude) and explicit linguistic markers (half of the requests began with ). Thirty participants performed a social perception task (rating friendliness) while their electroencephalogram was recorded. Behaviorally, vocal politeness strategies had a much stronger influence on the perceived friendliness than the linguistic marker. Event-related potentials revealed rapid effects of (im)polite voices on cortical activity prior to ~300 ms; P200 amplitudes increased for polite versus rude voices, suggesting that the speaker's polite stance was registered as more salient in our task. At later stages, politeness distinctions encoded by the speaker's voice and their use of interacted, modulating activity in the N400 (300-500 ms) and late positivity (600-800 ms) time windows. Patterns of results suggest that initial attention deployment to politeness cues is rapidly influenced by the motivational significance of a speaker's voice. At later stages, processes for integrating vocal and lexical information resulted in increased cognitive effort to reevaluate utterances with ambiguous/contradictory cues. The potential influence of social anxiety on the P200 effect is also discussed.
Relating self-other overlap to ingroup bias in emotional mimicry.
Peng S, Zhang L, Hu P
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 34098832 · Publisher ↗
Humans tend to show congruent facial expressions automatically in reaction to their partners which is defined as emotional mimicry. Although occurring unconsciously, this tendency has been proven to be modulated by socia...
Humans tend to show congruent facial expressions automatically in reaction to their partners which is defined as emotional mimicry. Although occurring unconsciously, this tendency has been proven to be modulated by social contextual factors such as group membership. Ingroup bias in emotional mimicryhas been well-documented in previous research; however, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism. Based on the mimicry-as-social-regulator model, this study explored whether the ingroup bias in emotional mimicry arises from the greater self-ingroup overlap. By recording participants' facial electromyographic responses while passively viewing dynamic emotional clips performed by either racial ingroup or outgroup actors, Study 1 validated the presence of ingroup bias in the mimicry of happiness, but not anger. Using asimilar procedure in Study 2, anew sample was employed ( = 37), and a measurement of self-other overlaps via the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale was added. The results of Study 2 reproduced the ingroup bias in happy mimicry, and further demonstrated that the effect of group membership on emotional mimicry was mediated by the self-other overlap. In summary, this study provides evidence that the level of interpersonal closeness predicts emotional mimicry.
Perceiving utilitarian gradients: Heart rate variability and self-regulatory effort in the moral dilemma task.
Rosas A, Bermúdez JP, Martínez Cotrina J … +3 more , Aguilar-Pardo D, Caicedo Mera JC, Aponte-Canencio DM
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 34061717 · Full text
It is not yet clear which response behavior requires self-regulatory effort in the moral dilemma task. Previous research has proposed that utilitarian responses require cognitive control, but subsequent studies have foun...
It is not yet clear which response behavior requires self-regulatory effort in the moral dilemma task. Previous research has proposed that utilitarian responses require cognitive control, but subsequent studies have found inconsistencies with the empirical predictions of that hypothesis. In this paper, we treat participants' sensitivity to utilitarian gradients as a measure of performance. We confronted participants (N = 82) with a set of five dilemmas evoking a gradient of mean utilitarian responses in a 4-point scale and collected data on heart rate variability and utilitarian responses. We found positive correlations between tonic and phasic HRV and sensitivity to the utilitarian gradient in the high tonic group, but not in the low tonic group. Moreover, the low tonic group misplaced a scenario with a selfish incentive at the high end of the gradient. Results suggest that performance is represented by sensitivity correlated with HRV and accompanied with a reasonable placement of individual scenarios within the gradient.
Late frontal positivity effects in Self-referential Memory: Unique to the Self?
Porter NA, Fields EC, Moore IL … +1 more , Gutchess A
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 33978552 · Full text
The self-reference effect in memory (SRE), in which stimuli related to self are better remembered than other stimuli, has been studied often in the fMRI literature, but much less with EEG. In two experiments, we investig...
The self-reference effect in memory (SRE), in which stimuli related to self are better remembered than other stimuli, has been studied often in the fMRI literature, but much less with EEG. In two experiments, we investigated how self-referencing modulated event-related potential (ERP) markers of the subsequent memory effect, testing whether the same components that reflect memory success are impacted or whether unique components are modulated by self-referencing. Participants were asked to evaluate whether an adjective accurately described either the self or a given other by making a yes/no key press during EEG recording. Then participants were given a surprise recognition memory test where they judged each adjective as old or new. We observed a main effect of self-relevance on a late positivity at right frontal electrodes. A very similar effect was observed when comparing words subsequently remembered to those that were forgotten. However, no interaction was found between self-relevance and subsequent memory, suggesting the frontal positivity is not exclusive to the SRE, but instead a reflection of deeper encoding that leads to better memory. Thus, this frontal positivity may be a marker of a deeper encoding process that is elicited by self-referencing but not exclusive to the SRE.
Acetaminophen does not affect cardiac and brain responses to social rejection but seems to attenuate behavioral adaptation in a social judgment task.
Hofman S, Wieser MJ, van der Veen FM
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 33952155 · Publisher ↗
The present study examined the effect of Acetaminophen on the painful experience of social rejection by examining brain, cardiac and behavioral measures reflecting different aspects of social feedback processing. Healthy...
The present study examined the effect of Acetaminophen on the painful experience of social rejection by examining brain, cardiac and behavioral measures reflecting different aspects of social feedback processing. Healthy students ( = 72), after ingesting either Acetaminophen or a placebo, performed a social judgment paradigm (SJP), in which they could be expectedly or unexpectedly rejected or accepted. During the task, cardiac and brain responses to different types of feedback were measured, as well as expectancies relating to the given feedback. Enhanced cardiac deceleration was found after unexpected social rejection as compared to all other conditions. Larger mean P3 amplitude was found after expected positive and negative feedback stimuli as compared to unexpected stimuli. While cardiac deceleration and P3 were not affected by Acetaminophen, behavioral responses were. While in the control group the percentage of acceptance predictions decreased over the experiment (learning from negative feedback), the Acetaminophen group did not adjust their positive prediction bias over time. The unexpected effect of Acetaminophen on prediction behavior suggests that Acetaminophen might indeed play a role in social pain perception. The normally observed social pain-based learning effect seems to disappear when participants ingest Acetaminophen, which can be interpreted as a reduced pain perception after Acetaminophen.
Differential paraventricular nucleus activation and behavioral responses to social isolation in prairie voles following environmental enrichment with and without physical exercise.
Normann MC, Cox M, Akinbo OI … +5 more , Watanasriyakul WT, Kovalev D, Ciosek S, Miller T, Grippo AJ
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 33947321 · Full text
Social stressors produce neurobiological and emotional consequences in social species. Environmental interventions, such as environmental enrichment and exercise, may modulate physiological and behavioral stress response...
Social stressors produce neurobiological and emotional consequences in social species. Environmental interventions, such as environmental enrichment and exercise, may modulate physiological and behavioral stress responses. The present study investigated the benefits of environmental enrichment and exercise against social stress in the socially monogamous prairie vole. Female prairie voles remained paired with a sibling (control) or were isolated from a sibling for 4 weeks. The isolated groups were assigned to isolated sedentary, isolated with environmental enrichment, or isolated with both enrichment and exercise conditions. Behaviors related to depression, anxiety, and sociality were investigated using the forced swim test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), and a social crowding stressor (SCS), respectively. cFos expression was evaluated in stress-related circuitry following the SCS. Both enrichment and enrichment with exercise protected against depression-relevant behaviors in the FST and social behavioral disruptions in the SCS, but only enrichment with exercise protected against anxiety-related behaviors in the EPM and altered cFos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in isolated prairie voles. Enrichment may improve emotion-related and social behaviors, however physical exercise may be an important component of environmental strategies for protecting against anxiety-related behaviors and reducing neural activation as a function of social stress.
Modeling temporal dynamics of face processing in youth and adults.
Hudac CM, Naples A, DesChamps TD … +8 more , Coffman MC, Kresse A, Ward T, Mukerji C, Aaronson B, Faja S, McPartland JC, Bernier R
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Aug · PMID 33882266 · Full text
A hierarchical model of temporal dynamics was examined in adults ( = 34) and youth ( = 46) across the stages of face processing during the perception of static and dynamic faces. Three ERP components (P100, N170, N250) a...
A hierarchical model of temporal dynamics was examined in adults ( = 34) and youth ( = 46) across the stages of face processing during the perception of static and dynamic faces. Three ERP components (P100, N170, N250) and spectral power in the mu range were extracted, corresponding to cognitive stages of face processing: low-level vision processing, structural encoding, higher-order processing, and action understanding. Youth and adults exhibited similar yet distinct patterns of hierarchical temporal dynamics such that earlier cognitive stages predicted later stages, directly and indirectly. However, latent factors indicated unique profiles related to behavioral performance for adults and youth and age as a continuous factor. The application of path analysis to electrophysiological data can yield novel insights into the cortical dynamics of social information processing.
Neural responses to implicit forms of peer influence in young adults.
Venticinque JS, Chahal R, Beard SJ … +3 more , Schriber RA, Hastings PD, Guyer AE
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33820483 · Full text
Young adults are acutely sensitive to peer influences. Differences have been found in neural sensitivity to peer influences, such as seeing peer ratings on social media. The present study aimed to identify patterns of n...
Young adults are acutely sensitive to peer influences. Differences have been found in neural sensitivity to peer influences, such as seeing peer ratings on social media. The present study aimed to identify patterns of neural sensitivity to peer influences, which involve more subtle cues that shape preferences and behaviors. Participants were 43 young adults ( = 19.2 years; 24 males) who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing a task used to assess neural responses to implicitly "socially tagged" symbols (previously judged by peers as liked vs. not liked, thus differing in apparent popularity) vs. novel symbols that carried no social meaning (not judged by peers). Results indicated greater activity in brain regions involved in salience detection (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex) and reward processing (e.g., caudate) to socially tagged vs. novel symbols, and particularly to unpopular symbols. Greater self-reported susceptibility to peer influence was related to more activity in the insula and caudate when viewing socially tagged vs. novel symbols. These results suggest that the brain is sensitive to even subtle cues varying in level of peer endorsement and neural sensitivity differed by the tendency to conform to peers' behaviors particularly in regions implicated in social motivation.
Facial emotion detection in Vestibular Schwannoma patients with and without facial paresis.
Blom SSAH, Aarts H, Kunst HPM … +2 more , Wever CC, Semin GR
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33781177 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates whether there exist differences in facial emotion detection accuracy in patients suffering from Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) due to their facial paresis. Forty-four VS patients, half of them with, a...
This study investigates whether there exist differences in facial emotion detection accuracy in patients suffering from Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) due to their facial paresis. Forty-four VS patients, half of them with, and half of them without a facial paresis, had to classify pictures of facial expressions as being emotional or non-emotional. The visual information of images was systematically manipulated by adding different levels of visual noise. The study had a mixed design with emotional expression (happy vs. angry) and visual noise level (10% to 80%) as repeated measures and facial paresis (present vs. absent) and degree of facial dysfunction as between subjects' factors. Emotion detection accuracy declined when visual information declined, an effect that was stronger for anger than for happy expressions. Overall, emotion detection accuracy for happy and angry faces did not differ between VS patients with or without a facial paresis, although exploratory analyses suggest that the ability to recognize emotions in angry facial expressions was slightly more impaired in patients with facial paresis. The findings are discussed in the context of the effects of facial paresis on emotion detection, and the role of facial mimicry, in particular, as an important mechanism for facial emotion processing and understanding.
Aggression differentially modulates neural correlates of social intention attribution to benevolent, tickling and taunting laughter: An fMRI study in children and adolescents.
Martinelli A, Kreifelts B, Wildgruber D … +4 more , Bernhard A, Ackermann K, Freitag CM, Schwenck C
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33759708 · Publisher ↗
Human laughter is a powerful means of communicating social intention, ranging from welcoming and friendly to hostile and ridiculing. To be communicated accurately, the recipient must correctly identify the laugher's unde...
Human laughter is a powerful means of communicating social intention, ranging from welcoming and friendly to hostile and ridiculing. To be communicated accurately, the recipient must correctly identify the laugher's underlying social intention. Regular misattribution of the social intention of others has been associated with maladaptive psychosocial development, in particular with aggressive behavior. We investigated the relationship between self-reported aggressive behavior and the neural correlates of social intention attributions to different audiovisual laughter types in 50 healthy children and adolescents (29 female, 10-18 years, M 15.5, SD 2.2) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Trial-by-trial associations of neural response and behavioral attributions were distinctly modulated by aggression for benevolent versus taunting and tickling laughter. With increasing aggression, hostile misattributions of benevolent laughter were associated with decreased dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior insular cortex activation. In contrast, hostile attributions of taunting and tickling laughter were associated with increased superior frontal, superior temporal, medial prefrontal, supplementary motor, and anterior and mid-cingulate cortex activation. We argue that aggression may be associated with down-regulated emotional saliency of benevolent laughter, whereas up-regulated neural responses to taunting laughter may underlie a heightened sensitivity to hostility or acceptance of taunting behavior in more aggressive individuals.
Effects of high and low power on the visual encoding of faces.
Schmid PC, Amodio DM
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33740878 · Publisher ↗
The experience of power is typically associated with social disengagement, yet power has also been shown to facilitate configural visual encoding - a process that supports the initial perception of a human face. To inves...
The experience of power is typically associated with social disengagement, yet power has also been shown to facilitate configural visual encoding - a process that supports the initial perception of a human face. To investigate this apparent contradiction, we directly tested whether power influences the visual encoding of faces. Two experiments, using neural and psychophysical assessments, revealed that low power impeded both first-order configural processing (the encoding of a stimulus as a face, assessed by the N170 event-related potential) and second-order configural processing (the encoding of feature distances within configuration, assessed using the face inversion paradigm), relative to high-power and control conditions. Power did not significantly affect facial feature encoding. Results reveal an early and automatic effect of low power on face perception, characterized primarily by diminished face processing. These findings suggest a novel interplay between visual and cognitive processes in power's influence on social behavior.
Multiparity decreases the effect of distractor stimuli on a working memory task: An EEG study.
M PH, M HG, R M HA … +3 more , M A G, C AG, I K SC
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33686923 · Publisher ↗
Parity modulates the way in which women respond to infant's affective cues. It is known that the cognitive processing of mothers is affected by a baby crying; however, little information is available regarding the effect...
Parity modulates the way in which women respond to infant's affective cues. It is known that the cognitive processing of mothers is affected by a baby crying; however, little information is available regarding the effect of reproductive and caregiving experience on efficiency in managing babies' emotional stimuli while other tasks are being attended. This study characterized the affective score, cognitive performance, and electroencephalographic correlation (rEEG) between prefrontal and parietal cortices in first- (FM) and second-time mothers (SM) while solving a working memory task (vsWM) and simultaneously listening to either an emotional or neutral distractor stimulus. During the vsWM-baby crying condition, both groups reported higher arousal. However, SM reported a lower valence and FM lower dominance. In the vsWM-baby crying condition did SM need less time to solve the cognitive task and present a decreased rEEG between prefrontal areas, and between left prefrontal and parietal areas, though an increased rEEG between parietal areas was observed while listening to both distractor stimuli during performance of the vsWM task. These degrees of cortical synchronization could constitute a cerebral mechanism required to achieve better information maintenance and enhance suppression of distractor effects, which allow the SM women to solve the vsWM task more efficiently.
Replication and extension of the link between the cardiovascular system and sensitivity to social pain in healthy adults.
Umeda M, Leutze TM, Inagaki TK
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33648414 · Publisher ↗
Resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) are linked to physical pain. Research also shows a link between social pain and physical pain, and an inverse association between resting BP and social pain. H...
Resting blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) are linked to physical pain. Research also shows a link between social pain and physical pain, and an inverse association between resting BP and social pain. However, little is known regarding the relationship between resting HRV and social pain. Therefore, the present study aimed to replicate the link between social pain and physical pain, and the inverse relationship between resting BP and social pain, and explore the relationship between resting HRV and social pain. One-hundred twenty three healthy adults completed 1) resting cardiovascular measurements of BP and low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) HRV powers, 2) social pain sensitivity assessment via the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) and Mehrabian's Sensitivity to Rejection (MSR) scales, and 3) physical pain sensitivity assessment via subjective pain responses during cold pressor test. The results indicated that no association was observed between social pain and physical pain, whereas resting BP was inversely associated with the MSR scores. Resting LF-HRV was inversely associated with social pain, whereas resting HF-HRV was positively associated with social pain. These findings suggest that physical pain and social pain may share biological substrates that are involved in BP regulation and pain control.
The effects of the activation of hostile and non-hostile schemas on intent attribution processes in non-aggressive individuals: An ERP study.
Kim WS, Jolicœur P, Gagnon J
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Apr · PMID 33583347 · Publisher ↗
We investigated the influences of hostile and non-hostile schemas activations in non-aggressive individuals on their intent attribution processes in various social contexts. 38 non-aggressive participants were randomly a...
We investigated the influences of hostile and non-hostile schemas activations in non-aggressive individuals on their intent attribution processes in various social contexts. 38 non-aggressive participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one primed with negative words, to be conditioned as temporarily hostile (TH), and the other with positive words, be conditioned as temporarily non-hostile (TNH). They were asked to read social scenarios composed of positive or negative behaviors of others whose intentions are ambiguous followed by a disambiguation of others' real intentions (hostile vs non-hostile) behind their behaviors. Neural activity related to spontaneous intent attribution processes was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). The results showed that when non-hostile intentions were revealed following ambiguous-negative behaviors of others, the N400 effect was observed only in the TH group. Similarly, when hostile intentions were revealed following ambiguous-positive behaviors of others, the N400 effect was observed only in the TNH group. In other words, non-aggressive individuals were led to attribute either hostile or non-hostile intentions to the same ambiguous behaviors of others depending on which concepts or thoughts (hostile vs non hostile) were activated and accessible in memory by priming at the time of social interactions.
Effects of right or left face stimulation on self and other perception in enfacement illusion.
Gülbetekin E, Altun E, Er MN … +3 more , Fidancı A, Keskin P, Steenken D
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Apr · PMID 33571069 · Publisher ↗
Enfacement illusion is a visuo-tactile illusion elicited by being touched on one's own face while observing another face being touched at the same time, resulting in a change in self-face recognition. Left-face stimulati...
Enfacement illusion is a visuo-tactile illusion elicited by being touched on one's own face while observing another face being touched at the same time, resulting in a change in self-face recognition. Left-face stimulation is usually preferred in enfacement studies. We investigated whether left or right face stimulation has any effect on the vividness of the illusion and if any relationship exists between emphatic abilities, personality traits and vividness of the illusion. The enfacement procedure included two stimuli: a cotton swab touching to face and a syringe approaching to face. We assessed subjective feeling of the illusion using a questionnaire and morphed face evaluations between self and other. Additionally, galvanic skin response (GSR) was measured. The results indicated that the syringe elicited higher GSR than that of touching and left face stimulation was much more sensitive in discriminating synchronous and asynchronous conditions. We found a significant relationship between self-to-other morph evaluations and GSR when the left side of the face was stimulated synchronously. However, a significant relationship was found between other-to-self evaluations and GSR when the right side of the face was stimulated asynchronously. We also noted significant correlations between vividness of the illusion and emphatic concern, extraversion and psychoticism traits.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for empathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bahji A, Forth E, Yang CC … +1 more , Khalifa N
Soc Neurosci · 2021 Jun · PMID 33567964 · Publisher ↗
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been used to modulate empathy, but no studies have meta-analyzed the evidence base for its efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of tDCS at modulating emp...
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been used to modulate empathy, but no studies have meta-analyzed the evidence base for its efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of tDCS at modulating empathy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving anodal or cathodal versus sham tDCS to modulate empathy in healthy adults and clinical populations. Random-effects modelling was applied to pooling overall efficacy estimates using standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) and 95% confidence intervals. Outcome measures for tasks designed to measure empathy were reaction time and accuracy. Anodal tDCS appears to improve lab-based computerized measures of cognitive empathy in healthy adult volunteers. While the evidence provided by this review may be of relevance to individuals with impaired empathic capabilities, the generalizability of our findings is geared towards nonclinical populations given the preponderance of healthy volunteers in our review. Hence, it is not clear if moderate improvements in speed and accuracy on lab-based computerized empathy measures would lead to meaningful clinical improvements. Future studies should consider the use of tDCS to modulate empathy in clinical populations.
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