Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Anchored and Propagated Updating Within Pseudoscientific Belief Systems.
García-Arch J, Ballestero-Arnau M, Barbería I … +1 more , Rodríguez-Ferreiro J
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41774058 · Full text
Pseudoscientific beliefs exert a profound influence on health behaviors, political decisions, and public trust in science, yet research has primarily identified correlates of pseudoscience acceptance rather than the mech...
Pseudoscientific beliefs exert a profound influence on health behaviors, political decisions, and public trust in science, yet research has primarily identified correlates of pseudoscience acceptance rather than the mechanisms by which such beliefs form and update. In this study, we leveraged computational modeling to investigate how normative social feedback shapes pseudoscientific belief revision. A total of 300 US nationally representative participants conducted a learning task where they rated a set of 20 validated pseudoscientific statements while receiving trial-by-trial feedback. Behaviorally, participants showed systematic reductions in prediction errors across trials, consistent with iterative belief updating. Computational model comparison using hierarchical Bayesian inference revealed that learning was best captured by an anchored propagation model, in which prediction errors spread across correlated beliefs but were stabilized by an anchoring parameter reflecting initial convictions. Exploratory analyses further showed that belief updating depended on the alignment between prior expectations and normative feedback, amplifying congruent information and dampening incongruent inputs. These findings provide the first mechanistic account of how pseudoscientific beliefs are simultaneously receptive to new information and resistant to change, offering an integrative framework with implications for research in belief updating, social cognition, and interventions to reduce misinformation.
In-Situ Investigation of the Interaction Between Surface Metal and Aeroengine Fuel RP-3 in Thermal Oxidation Deposition.
Zhao X, Zhou W, Han Z … +2 more , Ren Z, Liu X
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41773734 · Publisher ↗
During the cooling process, some components of jet fuel react with oxygen dissolved in the fluid, resulting in thermal oxidation deposition. Here, we used a novel in-situ flow experimental system to achieve the decouplin...
During the cooling process, some components of jet fuel react with oxygen dissolved in the fluid, resulting in thermal oxidation deposition. Here, we used a novel in-situ flow experimental system to achieve the decoupling of the intricate oxidation deposition reaction flow process within the pipeline and to investigate the interaction mechanism between fluid-dissolved metal and jet fuel during oxidation deposition. Experimental results indicated that when the surface roughness doubled, the content and distribution area of surface-active metals increased by 20-fold and the deposition amount increased significantly by 339.31%. The substantial proliferation of metal active sites accelerated thermal oxidation deposition, inducing changes in both deposit morphology and internal composition. At 450°C, a notable augmentation of active metal content in RP-3-the main fuel of aeroengines in China-appeared after the thermal oxidation deposition. The temperature effect intensified the interaction process between surface metals and fuel, leading to more severe surface deposition. This study provides guidance into the mechanistic linkages between metal-surface characteristics, temperature, and jet fuel oxidation deposition, which serves as a theoretical foundation for the subsequent design and maintenance of the aeroengine cooling system.
Rhythmic Signaling of Ants and Butterflies With Varying Degrees of Myrmecophily.
De Gregorio C, Sondej I, Previdi S … +2 more , Barbero F, Casacci LP
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41736302 · Full text
Myrmecophilous organisms have evolved in several arthropod lineages, developing specialized traits to communicate with ants. In butterflies, these include morphological, visual, chemical, behavioral, and acoustic adaptat...
Myrmecophilous organisms have evolved in several arthropod lineages, developing specialized traits to communicate with ants. In butterflies, these include morphological, visual, chemical, behavioral, and acoustic adaptations. While acoustic communication has long been overlooked, recent studies show that vibrational signals mediate key aspects of caterpillar-ant interactions. Yet, no study has specifically investigated the rhythmic structure of such signals in myrmecophilous contexts, despite growing evidence that rhythm is a fundamental component of signal architecture across taxa. We examine the rhythmic properties of vibroacoustic signals from two ant and nine butterfly species differing in myrmecophily degree. We tested whether rhythmic features such as pulse train tempo, intertrain interval, and rhythmic patterns vary across taxa and reflect the strength of their ecological association with ants. Our results reveal that ants and highly myrmecophilous species share a complex rhythmic organization (isochrony and double meter), likely reflecting convergent adaptation to tight mutualistic interactions. Species with intermediate or no myrmecophily associations showed more variable or simplified rhythms. Temporal regularity and precision could possibly balance the need for signal recognizability with energetic constraints and avoidance of detection by unintended receivers. These findings highlight the role of temporal patterning in vibroacoustic communication, influencing signal efficiency and recognition in ant-butterfly interactions.
Polygenic Associations Between Motor Behavior, Neuromotor Traits, and Active Music Engagement in Four Cohorts.
Henechowicz TL, Coleman PL, Gustavson DE … +9 more , Mekki YN, Nayak S, Nitin R, Scartozzi AC, Tio ES, van Klei RTN, Felsky D, Thaut MH, Gordon RL
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41707076 · Full text
Active music engagement, that is, playing a musical instrument or singing, may be protective of motor function decline in aging. Although playing a musical instrument may transfer to benefits in motor function, it is als...
Active music engagement, that is, playing a musical instrument or singing, may be protective of motor function decline in aging. Although playing a musical instrument may transfer to benefits in motor function, it is also possible that the genetic architecture of motor behavior and the motor system brain structures may influence active music engagement. This study investigated whether polygenic scores (PGSs) for five behavioral motor traits, 12 structural brain traits, and seven rate-of-change in brain structure traits trained from existing genome-wide association studies predict active music engagement in four independent cohorts: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; N = 22,198), Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; N = 4605), Vanderbilt's BioVU Repository (BioVU; N = 6150), and Vanderbilt's Online Musicality Study (OM; N = 1559). Results were meta-analyzed for each PGS main effect across outcomes and cohorts, revealing that PGS for a faster walking pace was associated with higher amounts of active music engagement. Within CLSA, a higher PGS for walking pace was associated with greater odds of engaging with music. Our findings suggest a shared genetic architecture between motor function and active music engagement. Future research should consider the genetic underpinnings of motor behavior when evaluating the effects of music engagement on motor function.
Unequal Success: Race-Intentional Approach Reveals Divergent Asian and White Realities in STEM Mentoring.
Morales DX, Yao K, Machabeli M … +2 more , Collins TW, Grineski SE
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41701478 · Publisher ↗
The model minority myth casts Asians as seamlessly integrated into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields through merit alone. This narrative often leads researchers to treat Asians as statistica...
The model minority myth casts Asians as seamlessly integrated into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields through merit alone. This narrative often leads researchers to treat Asians as statistically similar to Whites or as a homogeneous group. Our study challenges this framing by examining how race is experienced within STEM mentoring relationships between undergraduates and their faculty or postgraduate mentors. We employ a race-intentional methodology with three components: (1) centering race consciousness in mentoring as a key indicator of racialized experience; (2) disaggregating Asian and White experiences; and (3) analyzing how race intersects with gender and power positioning (mentors vs. mentees). Using survey data from 709 participants in STEM research programs, we find that Asians generally report greater race consciousness than their White counterparts, with particularly heightened awareness among Asian women and nonbinary individuals. Asian undergraduate mentees report significantly more race consciousness than White mentees, but this disparity disappears at the mentor level. These findings expose critical flaws in both the meritocratic ideals of STEM and the model minority narrative-especially at a time when Asian achievement is increasingly being politically and legally weaponized to promote colorblind ideologies.
A Hypergraph Computing and Knowledge-Enhanced Framework for Forklift Pallet Pose Estimation.
Ye T, Wang Z, Qin Y … +2 more , Gao Z, Wang Y
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41692698 · Publisher ↗
Autonomous forklift operations in modern warehouses face critical challenges from dense pallet stacking, partial occlusions, and variable illumination conditions, which significantly impact positioning accuracy and opera...
Autonomous forklift operations in modern warehouses face critical challenges from dense pallet stacking, partial occlusions, and variable illumination conditions, which significantly impact positioning accuracy and operational efficiency. This paper presents a novel hypergraph computing and knowledge-enhanced framework for robust pallet pose estimation, addressing these complex industrial scenarios. The framework leverages hypergraph structures to model high-order spatial relationships among pallet keypoints, effectively representing geometric dependencies in E-shaped pallet configurations even under severe occlusion and stacking artifacts. By integrating hypergraph computing with domain knowledge, we develop a hyper-pose architecture that combines hierarchical attention fusion mechanisms with geometry-aware keypoint detection modules, encoding pallet structural priors as differentiable constraints. A topology-preserving pruning strategy specifically designed for hypergraph structures reduces the model to 20.2 MB, while maintaining 97.5% detection accuracy and 97.3% keypoint localization precision. The framework incorporates uncertainty constrained pose estimation using Mahalanobis distance optimization, achieving angular errors below 1.6° and distance errors under 18 mm. The system demonstrates real-time performance at 72.1 FPS on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano edge computing platform. Extensive validation using 16,233 warehouse images confirms robust performance across challenging conditions. The integration of hypergraph computing with knowledge enhancement establishes a new paradigm for industrial vision systems, significantly improving automated material handling reliability.
Feature Overlapping: Temporal Differential Decoupling for Efficient Spiking Neural Network Training.
Liu Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y … +3 more , Chen G, Xu T, Chen F
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41689564 · Publisher ↗
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) possess great potential for energy-efficient computation; however, their practical deployment is often constrained by the high computational cost associated with training across multiple ti...
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) possess great potential for energy-efficient computation; however, their practical deployment is often constrained by the high computational cost associated with training across multiple time steps. Unlike previous approaches that simply reduce the number of time steps, this work investigates temporal feature redundancy and reveals the feature overlapping phenomenon in SNNs-showing that substantial computational redundancy exists across temporal dimensions. To address this issue, we propose our core contribution, temporal differential decoupling (TDD), which transforms network computation into the differential domain to disentangle static and dynamic feature components. This decoupling enables focused processing of informative signals and significantly reduces redundant computation without compromising model accuracy. Building upon this framework, we further design the TDD-based differential domain low-sparsity approximation (TDD-DDLA) algorithm, which is based on the gradient sensitivity criterion, as an implementation strategy to quantify each temporal feature's contribution to gradient updates and achieve efficient energy optimization. In contrast to prior studies that only adjusted time steps without explicit feature-level analysis, our framework provides a structured and theoretically grounded analysis of temporal feature evolution. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves up to 80.9% fewer spikes per time step and 57.8% fewer total spikes, with no degradation in classification performance, offering a promising pathway toward scalable, low-cost, and high-accuracy SNN deployment.
Helicobacter mastomyrinus Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Calcium Dyshomeostasis and Liver Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
Bao R, Jin S, Zhuang T … +5 more , Hu M, Yang L, Wang T, Zhu L, Zhang Q
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41681127 · Publisher ↗
Helicobacter mastomyrinus (H.m), a Helicobacter species colonizing rodent liver and intestine, produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which induces host cell damage. While the active CdtB subunit is linked to variou...
Helicobacter mastomyrinus (H.m), a Helicobacter species colonizing rodent liver and intestine, produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which induces host cell damage. While the active CdtB subunit is linked to various diseases, the pathogenic mechanisms of H.m in the liver and the precise actions of CdtB remain incompletely defined. This study generated a CdtB-deficient strain (H.m ΔCdtB) and compared it with the wild-type H.m (H.m WT). Male BALB/c mice were orally infected via gavage. The impacts of CdtB on liver injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and calcium homeostasis were systematically evaluated. Infection with H.m for 12 and 24 weeks induced significant hepatic inflammation and necrosis and a significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation. CdtB deficiency did not impair H.m colonization but markedly reduced inflammatory severity. CdtB facilitated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α), driving chronic liver inflammation. Mechanistically, H.m infection upregulated ER stress-related genes and proteins, increased calcium ion levels, whereas H.m ΔCdtB infection showed no significant effects. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyric acid alleviated calcium imbalance and attenuated liver injury. These findings indicate that H.m CdtB induces ER stress, disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis and exacerbating liver injury in male BALB/c mice.
Decoding the Tissue Characteristics of Perihematomal Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Poroelastic and Viscoelastic Perspectives.
Geng Y, Du C, Su L … +4 more , Qin X, Li Z, Liu S, Ma C
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41673961 · Publisher ↗
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes severe brain damage, with perihematomal edema (PHE) contributing to poor outcomes. However, the biomechanical properties of PHE tissue remain incompletely characterized. In this stud...
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes severe brain damage, with perihematomal edema (PHE) contributing to poor outcomes. However, the biomechanical properties of PHE tissue remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we examined poroviscoelastic behavior in edematous brain tissue using a rat ICH model, together with associated structural and molecular alterations. Load-relaxation tests were used to characterize viscoelastic and poroelastic responses, while MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and histological analyses were performed to assess edema progression and tissue integrity. Proteomics was conducted to characterize molecular features associated with PHE tissue. The results showed that PHE tissue exhibited cellular edema, varying power-law exponents, and altered effective diffusion coefficients. Histological analysis revealed disrupted parenchymal cell networks and reduced extracellular space. Proteomics identified changes in the abundance of cell adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix components, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Together, these findings provide an integrated description of mechanical, structural, and molecular alterations in perihematomal tissue following ICH, offering a biomechanical perspective on tissue changes during PHE progression.
LLMs Can Fuel Extremist Attitudes Using Universal Moral Framings.
Hendricks RC, Gil-Buitrago H, Pretus C
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41673959 · Full text
Social media influence campaigns are thought to sway public opinion, particularly during election campaigns and national crises. These campaigns are often based on generative artificial intelligence technologies that flo...
Social media influence campaigns are thought to sway public opinion, particularly during election campaigns and national crises. These campaigns are often based on generative artificial intelligence technologies that flood the internet with polarizing content. How these social media influence operations change public opinion and ignite extremist attitudes is not well understood. We evaluate whether short, large language model (LLM)-generated arguments using universal moral framings impact extremist attitudes. In two studies with Democrats and Republicans in the United States (N = 951), we find that universal moral concerns related to welfare, rights, and fairness predict perceptions of political stances as absolutist moral obligations, known as sacred values, and explain extremist attitudes in defense of these values. We also find that short LLM-generated arguments that appeal to individual rights and fairness increase people's willingness to fight and die and justify violence to defend political stances. This effect is partially mediated by increased perceptions of the stance as having an absolute value. Our findings shed light on the potential of social media influence campaigns in polarizing society through LLM-generated messaging.
Deception Affects Interbrain Electroencephalographic and Autonomic Synchronization Within a Dyad: A Hyperscanning Study.
Veneziani G, Luciani F, Giraldi E … +2 more , Campedelli V, Lai C
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41673951 · Full text
Research on deception has focused on the neurophysiological assessment of the deceiver, showing activation of specific brain areas and increased autonomic activity. However, deception is an interpersonal process where bo...
Research on deception has focused on the neurophysiological assessment of the deceiver, showing activation of specific brain areas and increased autonomic activity. However, deception is an interpersonal process where both the deceiver and the deceived interact in a constant process of evaluation that requires demanding cognitive resources. The present study aimed to investigate interbrain synchronization (IBS) and heart rate synchrony between an interviewer intent on detecting deception and an interviewee during a deception (deception group, or DG) or truth-telling (non-deception group, or NDG) task using an ecological mock crime experiment. The results showed that DG exhibited higher IBS before the interview in the theta band and during the interview in the alpha band, while displaying decreased heart rate synchrony in the high frequency band compared to NDG. The greater IBS in DG involved, particularly, the left temporal area of the interviewee. These findings highlight the relevance of studying deception according to a two-person neuroscience perspective, suggesting that while neural processes are synchronized before and during a deceptive interaction, autonomic processes follow different activation patterns. Integrating the hyperscanning techniques with existing lie-detection methods could enhance the identification of neurophysiological markers of deception.
Modeling the Spatiotemporal Evolution Process of Panic-Buying Behavior During COVID-19: A Case Study in China.
Fu P, Li M, Chen T … +2 more , Yang J, Cong G
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41668143 · Publisher ↗
Panic-buying incidents triggered by public emergencies are often accompanied by panic emotions, which are prone to spread in both time and space, causing serious negative impacts on social stability and economic developm...
Panic-buying incidents triggered by public emergencies are often accompanied by panic emotions, which are prone to spread in both time and space, causing serious negative impacts on social stability and economic development. Therefore, we took stimuli-organism-response (SOR) as our framework to comprehensively consider the effects of internal and external factors and to clarify the chain evolution process of stimulus panic-buying behavior. Second, based on an improved infectious disease model using the Markov chain and combined with cellular automata methods, we studied the spatiotemporal evolution of group panic-buying behavior. Specifically, we focused on the evolutionary process of panic-buying across temporal sequences and within macroscopic geographical spaces such as urban communities. Our simulations yielded compelling insights: (1) the intensity of panic-buying information has a significant stimulating effect on panic-buying behavior. Interestingly, previous encounters with such buying experiences can act as a soothing balm, alleviating panic emotions. (2) The groups that participate in and stop buying both exhibit a clustered distribution in space, forming several clustered buying areas in space. Individuals at the center of the buying area often participate in the buying first, while those at the edge are more likely to stop buying. (3) Partition control implemented in the buying area can help mitigate the cascading effects of fear-driven purchasing behavior and increase its rate of decline. In addition, we also verified the effectiveness of the model using a case study in China, and discuss the model's theoretical and practical significance, limitations, and future research directions.
The fNIRS Landscape of ADHD: Device Specifications, Neural Markers, and AI Classification.
Gao T, Wei Z, Liang G … +3 more , Zhao P, Wang L, Fan Y
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41655051 · Publisher ↗
This systematic review synthesizes 69 original studies (2019-2025) to evaluate the transformative potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in ADHD research. As a portable, motion-tolerant neuroimaging t...
This systematic review synthesizes 69 original studies (2019-2025) to evaluate the transformative potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in ADHD research. As a portable, motion-tolerant neuroimaging tool, fNIRS enables robust measurement of cortical hemodynamic activity during cognitive tasks. We first consolidate the specifications of fNIRS devices employed in ADHD studies. Next, we discuss the neural markers derived from fNIRS data-including hemodynamic response function features, functional connectivity metrics, the beta coefficients of general linear model, graph theory measures, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and multiscale entropy-alongside artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms achieving high diagnostic accuracy. Critically, we demonstrate fNIRS's utility in objectively monitoring treatment response, as evidenced by prefrontal cortex normalization and posterior activation modulation following interventions. To realize personalized diagnostics and therapeutics, future research should prioritize: (1) wearable fNIRS systems for ecological monitoring, (2) multimodal AI frameworks integrating fNIRS with behavioral/genetic data, and (3) standardized protocols validated in large-scale cohorts.
Live-Streamed Exercise Intervention in Pregnant Women With MASLD (Live-MASLD): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Wang M, Wu Y, Guan H … +8 more , Gao X, Zhang P, Wang Y, Nur E, Hebestreit A, Wang HJ, Sun L, Wang H
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41655050 · Publisher ↗
In women of reproductive age, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with increased risks of gestational complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, gestational MASL...
In women of reproductive age, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with increased risks of gestational complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, gestational MASLD may affect the lifelong health trajectory of the offspring. The live-streamed exercise intervention in pregnant women with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (Live-MASLD) trial aims to investigate the efficacy of a live-streamed exercise intervention in ameliorating MASLD progression and improving maternal-infant health outcomes. A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted across two centers. Pregnant individuals with MASLD in their first trimester will be recruited and randomly allocated to a control group or an intervention group. The control group will receive routine prenatal healthcare, while the intervention group will undergo a supervised, live-streamed exercise program during the second and third trimesters. Assessments will occur at baseline, second trimester, third trimester, delivery, and 42 days postpartum. Process evaluation will be conducted to allow for a health economic evaluation of the intervention. The primary outcome will describe between-group differences in changes to the hepatic steatosis index (LiSA) as quantitatively measured by visual transient elastography (ViTE). The findings from the Live-MASLD study will provide scientific evidence and implementation guidance for the clinical management of pregnant women with MASLD.
Adaptive Obstacle Avoidance for Robotic Arms Using Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning and Path Optimization.
Ma C, Su T, Pan Y … +5 more , Wang K, Su Y, Huang H, Pan M, Liang K
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649887 · Publisher ↗
Dynamic obstacle avoidance remains a key challenge in robotic arm motion planning, as traditional algorithms struggle to balance adaptive decision-making with precise trajectory generation in unstructured environments. W...
Dynamic obstacle avoidance remains a key challenge in robotic arm motion planning, as traditional algorithms struggle to balance adaptive decision-making with precise trajectory generation in unstructured environments. We present a hierarchical motion planning framework that combines proximal policy optimization (PPO) with rapidly exploring random tree star (RRT*), trained using a curriculum learning paradigm. PPO learns global obstacle avoidance strategies through progressively difficult training scenarios, while RRT* refines local trajectories to compensate for PPO's limitations in fine motor control. A multiobjective reward function-incorporating step-efficiency terms and artificial potential field principles-balances exploration and exploitation through tailored penalties and rewards. In dynamic obstacle scenarios, the proposed method achieves an 87.6% success rate, outperforming standalone PPO and existing hybrid reinforcement learning approaches. This framework offers a practical solution for dynamic obstacle avoidance with broader applicability to high-dimensional autonomous manipulation tasks.
Toward a Fuller Integration of Respiratory Rhythms Into Research on Infant Vocal and Motor Development.
Fuchs S, Rubertus E, Koenig LL … +1 more , Noiray A
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649880 · Full text
Rhythm organizes many human motor activities from before birth and continues to shape development throughout infancy. In this review, we examine the role of rhythmic processes in early vocal development, drawing on resea...
Rhythm organizes many human motor activities from before birth and continues to shape development throughout infancy. In this review, we examine the role of rhythmic processes in early vocal development, drawing on research from motor control, physiology, speech, and language acquisition. We propose that respiration functions as a crucial core of early rhythmic coordination, linking vocalizations and bodily movements into an integrated system. At present, we have an imprecise understanding of how infant breathing for speech develops during the first year of life. However, respiration, an inherently flexible and adaptive system, may provide a temporal framework within which speech articulation and motor actions become progressively aligned. During canonical babbling, a key milestone in language acquisition, repetitive adult-like syllables emerge from rhythmic motor actions. The advent of this behavior presumably reflects developing coordination among motor, respiratory, and vocal subsystems. This three-way coordination creates the multimodal foundation of language. In this perspective, the respiratory rhythm is fundamental to early vocal development. Along with reviewing past work and its limitations, we suggest directions for future work to better address how the respiratory rhythm subserves developing linguistic and nonlinguistic actions in infant development.
AI-Driven Culturally Aware Interactive Visualization: A Design Methodology for Cross-Cultural User Experience.
Liang X
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649874 · Publisher ↗
Current interactive information visualization systems often fail to adequately incorporate cultural elements, limiting their effectiveness in cross-cultural communication and reducing user engagement across diverse globa...
Current interactive information visualization systems often fail to adequately incorporate cultural elements, limiting their effectiveness in cross-cultural communication and reducing user engagement across diverse global audiences. This research presents a comprehensive methodology that integrates artificial intelligence technologies with cultural elements to create more engaging and culturally appropriate interactive visualization systems. The proposed approach includes an intelligent cultural element identification algorithm achieving 91.2% recognition accuracy, an adaptive visualization generation framework that automatically incorporates cultural preferences, and real-time interface optimization mechanisms that dynamically adjust to user behavior patterns. Experimental validation with 600 participants from diverse cultural backgrounds demonstrated significant improvements: 23.5% increase in user satisfaction, 18.3% reduction in cognitive load, and 31.7% enhancement in user engagement compared to traditional visualization approaches. The multidimensional evaluation revealed superior performance across aesthetic appeal, functional usability, and cultural appropriateness metrics. This research contributes theoretical frameworks for understanding cultural influences on visualization perception and provides practical guidelines for implementing culturally informed, AI-driven design systems in multicultural environments.
Assessment of Central Sensitivity Syndrome and Sensory Processing Sensitivity: A Systematic Review.
Borda-Mas M, Chamorro-Moriana G, Almeda N … +2 more , Ridao-Fernandez C, Sánchez-Fernández M
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649871 · Full text
The association between central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) demonstrates the need for assessment tools that quantify the physical and psychological alterations observed in these tw...
The association between central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) demonstrates the need for assessment tools that quantify the physical and psychological alterations observed in these two conditions in order to generate multidisciplinary treatments and establish their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify and analyze validated CSS and SPS assessment methods and conduct an operational comparison of their parameters, content, methodological quality of their original validations, instructions, etc., in order to determine the best option. This systematic review (PRISMA) used PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and manual searches until March 2025. A meta-analysis complemented the review. The main criteria selected for original validation studies of tools to assess CSS/SPS. Twenty-nine original validation studies with 29 assessment questionnaires/scales were selected. QUADAS-2 showed low risk of bias in all domains in recent validations. COSMIN-RB found that almost all domains in the post-2010 validations were adequate. The instruments included 78 variables grouped in the following categories: psychological, SPS, physical/psychosomatic aspects, intolerances, environmental sensitivity, and sensory modalities. The compilation and analysis of the assessment tools from the original validations associated with CSS and SPS provided scores and interpretations, locations, languages, etc., to select the most appropriate instrument in each context. The most recent validations had better methodological quality. The Central Sensitization Inventory Short Form scored the highest on QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB.
Rear-Supported Lower-Limb Exoskeleton: Design Implementation and Experimental Validation of Assistive Performance.
Su L, Lv J, Pan W … +5 more , Qiang L, Song D, Zhou X, Yang B, Gong W
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649867 · Publisher ↗
Conventional lower-limb exoskeletons often rely on lateral supports, which can shift the user's center of mass and induce gait asymmetry, thereby limiting practical deployment. This study preliminarily validated a rear-s...
Conventional lower-limb exoskeletons often rely on lateral supports, which can shift the user's center of mass and induce gait asymmetry, thereby limiting practical deployment. This study preliminarily validated a rear-supported exoskeleton with a three-layer torque-impedance control strategy in healthy adults, providing initial evidence for potential rehabilitation applications. We designed the rear-supported lower-limb exoskeleton and evaluated its performance during level walking and on an 8.5° incline in six participants using synchronized surface electromyography and kinematic data. Results showed that rectus femoris root mean square of muscle activation decreased by 20.62% on level ground and 36.38% on the slope, while the Gait Symmetry Index improved by 8.82% and 14.37%, respectively. The combination of the rear-supported structure and hierarchical control reduced muscular demand and enhanced bilateral gait symmetry, suggesting a potential design paradigm for assistive walking and future rehabilitation.
Antireflux Surgery for Barrett's Esophagus: Where Do We Stand in Preventing Esophageal Adenocarcinoma?
Kollmann D, Etyemez C, Asari R … +10 more , Jomrich G, Triadafilopoulos G, Vega KJ, Zilberstein B, Zhou MJ, Huang Q, Mashimo H, Shin EJ, Clark JO, Schoppmann SF
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41649862 · Full text
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a major global health concern, primarily arising from gastroesophageal reflux disease, with Barrett's esophagus being its main precursor. Although proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to...
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a major global health concern, primarily arising from gastroesophageal reflux disease, with Barrett's esophagus being its main precursor. Although proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to manage the symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux disease, their role in preventing esophageal adenocarcinoma progression remains uncertain. The aim of this review is to summarize the current advances in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus and its progression, as well as to critically evaluate and compare the impact of antireflux surgery on Barrett's esophagus and its potential role in preventing its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, surgical intervention, particularly antireflux surgery, has been associated with reduced esophageal adenocarcinoma risk in some studies, offering better long-term symptom control and possibly preventing cancer progression. However, other authors suggest that the cancer risk does not decrease significantly with surgery, highlighting the need for further investigation into its long-term preventive benefits. Several novel strategies have been established over the last few years that will facilitate an early diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus in the future.
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