Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Promising Diagnostic and Disease Activity Biomarker.
Huang J, Pan Y, Jin J … +4 more , Shao X, Zheng W, Fan Z, Yu H
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41364539 · Full text
Diagnosing systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) poses significant challenges. Accumulating evidence has indicated that tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play integral roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases....
Diagnosing systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) poses significant challenges. Accumulating evidence has indicated that tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play integral roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Plasma samples were collected from individuals diagnosed with sJIA and healthy controls (HCs) from two medical centers and divided into training and validation cohorts. Small-RNA high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the expression profiles of tRFs in the plasma of patients. Aberrantly expressed tRFs in sJIA were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 245 tRFs were differentially expressed in sJIA samples than in HC samples. Through qRT-PCR validation, tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK was identified as a potential biomarker. In the training cohort, plasma levels of tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK were significantly higher in patients with sJIA than in HCs. Furthermore, the tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK levels in patients in the active disease group were substantially higher than those in the inactive disease group. Additionally, the positive and negative predictive values of the selected tRF in the validation cohort reached 100% and 85%, respectively. Our results suggest that tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK can be used as a promising biomarker candidate for sJIA and has the potential to aid in determining disease activity among patients with sJIA.
An Improved Aerodynamic Model for Quasi-Steady Simulations of Animal Flight at Moderate Reynolds Numbers.
Su Y, Fan X, Onoue K … +2 more , Vejdani H, Breuer KS
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Mar · PMID 41364529 · Publisher ↗
We present experimental and numerical studies aimed at improving models of animal flight at moderate Reynolds numbers ( - ). Quasi-steady aerodynamic force and moment data were collected using a rectangular wing across...
We present experimental and numerical studies aimed at improving models of animal flight at moderate Reynolds numbers ( - ). Quasi-steady aerodynamic force and moment data were collected using a rectangular wing across various angles of attack, α. The drag coefficient, , is well described by a simple trigonometric function, while the lift coefficient, , combines trigonometric and exponential terms-the latter capturing the linear behavior at small α predicted by inviscid theory. We also derive an empirical relation for the center of pressure as a function of α, allowing evaluation of the pitching moment coefficient, , about any axis. These formulas are integrated into a dynamic flapping wing model to simulate forward flight of a pigeon and a bat at different speeds. Compared to prior models, our approach yields better agreement with wingbeat frequency data, particularly at high speeds. The small α angle regime proves especially beneficial, offering higher , which translates to reduced power demands and smaller body pitch variation-key considerations for the design of flapping wing robots.
An Active Inference Model of Meter Perception and the Urge to Move to Music.
Matthews TE, Vuust P, Cannon J
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41364500 · Full text
Why do some rhythms make us want to move and not others? A predictive processing account suggests that prediction errors drive this phenomenon, but this hypothesis remains underspecified. Here, we operationalized this ac...
Why do some rhythms make us want to move and not others? A predictive processing account suggests that prediction errors drive this phenomenon, but this hypothesis remains underspecified. Here, we operationalized this account as a Bayesian model that infers whether a rhythmic sequence is caused by a metered or unmetered template, coupled with an active inference rule in which movement occurs if the sensory feedback from movement would reduce the prediction errors generated by this inference process. Surprisal, as an index of prediction error, was calculated for each rhythm with and without a metronome (a proxy for the feedback from moving along), with delta surprisal as the difference. Surprisal increased linearly as a function of rhythmic complexity, while delta surprisal showed a similar pattern with urge to move ratings shown in previous studies, and this relation was confirmed in an online study. These results suggest that the urge to move to music is driven by the potential to reduce meter-based prediction errors via the expected feedback from moving along to the beat. This work provides a crucial update to the predictive processing account and highlights a key role of active inference and prediction-based learning in our musical experiences.
Cost-Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Bouillon Fortification Programs: Evidence for Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Senegal.
Vosti SA, Jarvis M, Thompson L … +6 more , Becher E, Beye M, Ishaya F, Koudougou K, Engle-Stone R, Adams KP
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41364480 · Full text
Cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of fortification programs are not single, fixed numbers, but rather depend on dietary intake patterns and choices regarding the numbers and amounts of fortificants in premixes. We m...
Cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of fortification programs are not single, fixed numbers, but rather depend on dietary intake patterns and choices regarding the numbers and amounts of fortificants in premixes. We modeled the cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of alternative bouillon fortification formulations with vitamins A, B9, and B12, iron, and zinc in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Senegal. Cost per consumer reached varied by nutrient and context; for example, cost-efficiency for vitamin A (96 µg/g) ranged from ∼$0.05 (Burkina Faso) to ∼$0.12 (Nigeria). In Nigeria, the cost per woman effectively covered by vitamin A-fortified bouillon delivering 40-250 µg/g ranged from ∼$2.00 to ∼$6.50; in Burkina Faso, this metric fell from ∼$3.25 to ∼$1.25 for the same programs. Cost per child-life saved by bouillon co-fortified with vitamin A (96 µg/g), zinc (1.68 mg/g), and folic acid (28.8 µg/g) ranged from ∼$1272 (Burkina Faso) to ∼$3234 (Senegal). Cost functions tended to be linear in the amounts of fortificants in premixes; nutritional and child mortality benefit curves tended to be nonlinear, with context-specific shapes. Identifying fortification levels at which marginal benefits become small could help inform the design of efficient programs; design should also consider technical issues, program objectives, affordability, and sustainability.
Global Arts Engagement Inequalities in and Outside School: Analyses of 441,183 15-Year-Olds Across 73 Countries.
Mak HW, Sajnani N, Fietje N … +1 more , Fancourt D
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41364193 · Full text
Participation in and enjoying arts and creative activities is a United Nations human right, offering significant benefits, particularly for young people. However, past research, predominantly from Western countries, has...
Participation in and enjoying arts and creative activities is a United Nations human right, offering significant benefits, particularly for young people. However, past research, predominantly from Western countries, has shown that many young people do not engage in the arts and that such engagement is socially patterned, yet research gaps remain. It is unclear whether this pattern is also observed in other parts of the world and whether it is persistent across both in-school and out-of-school contexts in different countries. We analyzed data from the OECD Programme for International Study Assessment (PISA), which surveyed 441,183 15-year-olds across 73 countries and found substantial variation in engagement rates. Three key engagement patterns were identified. (1) Countries with higher in-school engagement rates also had higher out-of-school engagement rates. (2) Most students engaged more in the arts in school than out of school. (3) Individual-, school-, and country-related factors may influence engagement, with a strong social gradient, especially for out-of-school engagement. Schools hold the potential to equalize engagement in and outside school and thus reduce cultural, health, and academic inequalities. This aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3: promoting wellbeing for all, and is relevant across multiple sectors and countries worldwide.
Inconsistent Reporting and Suicidality Prevalence: A 30-Year Analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (1993-2023).
Brisson R
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41358674 · Publisher ↗
Inconsistent reporting can bias suicidality research findings. This study focused on an overlooked pattern-endorsing suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation-and estimated its impact on suicidality prevalence in the...
Inconsistent reporting can bias suicidality research findings. This study focused on an overlooked pattern-endorsing suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation-and estimated its impact on suicidality prevalence in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Publicly available Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 1993 to 2023 (n = 242,403) were analyzed. Four suicidality indicators were examined: active suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, and post-attempt medical treatment. Statistical analyses included proportion tests and Cohen's h. Overall, 3.1% of respondents reported suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation. Screening out inconsistent reporters systematically impacted the prevalence of suicide plans. By contrast, the prevalence of active suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and post-attempt medical treatment was only marginally affected. Decisions to include or exclude participants who endorsed suicide plans while denying suicidal ideation should be explicitly justified. Findings underscore the importance of addressing inconsistent reporting and suggest that the suicide plan item may require wording revision to enhance its validity.
InCHORRRuS: Infant-Directed Communication Highlights and Organizes Repetition and Redundancy Through Rhythmic Structure.
Alviar C, Jones W, Lense M
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41353628 · Full text
Learning to successfully participate in social interactions is a monumental task for infants, whose perceptual systems are immature and communicative signals complex and hard to parse. To support their infants, caregiver...
Learning to successfully participate in social interactions is a monumental task for infants, whose perceptual systems are immature and communicative signals complex and hard to parse. To support their infants, caregivers naturally modify their communicative behaviors to be more repetitive, redundant, and rhythmic, thus engaging infants' perceptual biases. In this paper, we present the InCHORRRuS framework: which considers the role of rhythm in organizing caregivers' communicative behaviors across modalities to scaffold communication and dyadic coordination in early social interactions. We argue rhythm's role in infant-directed (ID) communication is particularly highlighted in ID singing, in which metrically structured beat-based rhythms make the multimodal redundancy and repetition in ID communication also temporally predictable, thus "supercharging" the cues' communicative value. Additionally, the repetition in songs, across verses and over time, offers caregivers a natural way of leveraging predictability and familiarity at the local level and at longer interactional timescales alike, increasing the impact of the enriched communicative signal. We review the current literature on timing and rhythm, redundancy, and repetition in ID signals; discuss the evidence on the confluence of redundancy and repetition in rhythmic contexts; and consider open questions and future directions our framework inspires.
tRF-M2-Regulated Dopamine Receptor D2 Expression Attenuates Methamphetamine Reinstatement Behavior in Rats.
Zhou Y, Hong Q, Xu W … +8 more , Chen S, Du H, Xie X, Lai M, Chen W, Zhou W, Si Z, Liu H
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41353625 · Publisher ↗
Methamphetamine addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and high relapse rates, driven by dopamine-mediated neuroadaptations in reward circuits that induce persistent behavioral and synap...
Methamphetamine addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and high relapse rates, driven by dopamine-mediated neuroadaptations in reward circuits that induce persistent behavioral and synaptic changes that endure despite abstinence, making treatment challenging. In this study, we demonstrated significant downregulation of the tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) tRF-M2 (tRF-1:32-Gly-GCC-2-M2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats exposed to methamphetamine self-administration (METH SA). Through bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation via dual-luciferase reporter assays, we identified that dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2) mRNA is a direct molecular target of tRF-M2. We found that NAc-specific tRF-M2 delivery attenuated reinstatement behaviors in METH SA rats, potentially mediated through downstream Akt-Gsk3β signaling cascade and the transcriptional regulator CREB. The antireinstatement effect mirrored the behavioral outcomes observed following Drd2 knockdown in the NAc, which similarly showed concomitant changes in phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Gsk3β (p-Gsk3β). These findings show that tRF-M2 regulates Drd2 expression via Akt-Gsk3β-CREB signaling, thereby inhibiting drug-seeking behavior in addiction models. These results provide valuable mechanistic insights into neuroepigenetic regulation of psychostimulant addiction and identify promising candidates for therapeutic intervention against methamphetamine relapse.
Immersive Virtual Nature Environments for Stress Reduction: A Between-Subjects Experimental Study.
Ma L, Chen J, An Q … +7 more , Hou X, Qiao Y, Wu J, Zhu Q, Li Y, Feng Y, Chen D
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41353623 · Publisher ↗
Immersive virtual nature (IVN) is an effective strategy for mitigating anxiety and stress associated with prolonged indoor lifestyles. This study evaluated stress recovery differences across various IVN scenes that incor...
Immersive virtual nature (IVN) is an effective strategy for mitigating anxiety and stress associated with prolonged indoor lifestyles. This study evaluated stress recovery differences across various IVN scenes that incorporate different combinations of natural elements. Initial identification of key elements for creating relaxing digital environments was conducted through an online survey. Subsequently, a between-subjects experiment involving six distinct scenario configurations was implemented with a participant pool of 61 individuals. Following stress induction, recovery was assessed, measuring physiological indices such as heart rate, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), skin conductance level (SCL), and the electroencephalography alpha/beta power ratio. Psychological responses were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State form and Subjective Coordinate Scale. The results indicated that IVN scenes featuring both water and plants significantly improved RMSSD and SCL recovery compared to scenarios devoid of any elements. Each element uniquely influenced the alpha/beta ratio, with notable variations in recovery rates across different scenarios. Participants reported enhanced emotional relaxation following exposure to IVN settings. This study substantiates the differential restorative effects of various element combinations and underscores the pivotal roles of water, plants, sunlight, and color-material-finish in the optimized design and development of digital nature scenes.
Correction to "Hibernation as a model for skeletal muscle preservation".
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2025 Dec · PMID 41345964 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Triangular Network Model for the Neural Basis of Calligraphy.
Ding N
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41342715 · Publisher ↗
Calligraphy is the artistic expression of written language, similar to how songs artistically express verbal language. This article proposes a triangular-network model for neural processing of calligraphy, which builds o...
Calligraphy is the artistic expression of written language, similar to how songs artistically express verbal language. This article proposes a triangular-network model for neural processing of calligraphy, which builds on recent findings about the neurophysiology of writing and theories about neural processing of other art forms. This model emphasizes that calligraphy appreciation relies on both visual spatial features and temporal motoric features of the actual or mentally simulated writing process. While the appreciation of visual spatial features may engage neural mechanisms encoding other visual arts, the appreciation of temporal motoric features may engage a prediction-based mechanism-the brain actively predicts the writing movement, and the fulfillment or violation of these predictions generates pleasure, similar to how predictions may contribute to music appreciation. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that practicing calligraphy enriches the motoric representation of writing by directing attention to otherwise subconscious movement units, similar to how dancing is mindful movement. The triangular-network model provides a theoretical framework for neural encoding of calligraphy, generates testable predictions, and forges a link to neural encoding of other art forms.
Globus Pallidus Iron Relates to Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence From MRI-Based Meta-Analysis.
Mieling M, Wiskow C, Bunzeck N
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41342354 · Full text
Iron is essential for brain metabolism and cognitive functioning, but excessive levels during healthy and pathological aging can have detrimental effects. Although this notion was supported by several single studies, met...
Iron is essential for brain metabolism and cognitive functioning, but excessive levels during healthy and pathological aging can have detrimental effects. Although this notion was supported by several single studies, meta-analytic evidence in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still scarce. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of 23 MRI experiments with, in total, 715 AD patients and 1130 healthy controls (HC). All studies employed iron sensitive markers in basal ganglia structures, thalamus, and hippocampus, together with the Mini-Mental-Status-Examination (MMSE) to quantify cognitive performance. In all regions of interest, significantly higher iron levels were present in people with AD compared to HC, with the most pronounced effects in the putamen followed by the caudate. Importantly, only globus pallidus iron levels were negatively correlated with MMSE performance in AD patients. Our results provide unique evidence that increases in iron levels, especially within basal ganglia structures, which provide a hub for cognitive information processing, are a characteristic hallmark of AD.
Effects of Yoga Nidra on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ghai S, Odyniec P, Ghai I
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41327816 · Full text
The global mental health crisis has escalated to unprecedented levels, with stress, anxiety, and depression posing major public health concerns. Conventional interventions have shown limited success in addressing these m...
The global mental health crisis has escalated to unprecedented levels, with stress, anxiety, and depression posing major public health concerns. Conventional interventions have shown limited success in addressing these multifaceted issues, prompting researchers to explore alternative solutions. Yoga Nidra (YN), a meditative practice, has gained momentum over the past decade as a potential holistic approach to mental health care. Yet, its clinical effectiveness remains inadequately understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis rigorously assessed YN's impact on stress, anxiety, and depression. A comprehensive search of seven databases and one trial database yielded 814 articles, of which 73 studies involving 5201 participants met the inclusion criteria. Between-group meta-analyses revealed significant benefits of YN for stress (Hedge's g: -0.80 with active comparator, -1.70 with no comparator), anxiety (active: -1.35, no comparator: -1.43), and depression (active: -0.69, no comparator: -0.92). Within-group analyses supported these effects, reinforcing YN's therapeutic potential. However, given the low methodological quality and variability in intervention delivery, these moderate-to-large effects should be interpreted cautiously, as they likely reflect inflated estimates. Despite these limitations, YN shows potential in managing mental health symptoms, underscoring the need for high-quality, standardized research to establish its efficacy as a viable clinical intervention.
SMF-DETR: An Efficient Lightweight Detection Transformer for Real-Time Bearing Surface Defect Detection.
Gao M, Kang X, Zhou K … +1 more , Xie T
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41319189 · Publisher ↗
Bearing surface defect detection is critical for industrial equipment reliability, but existing deep learning methods suffer from low accuracy for small targets, high computational complexity, and limited edge device dep...
Bearing surface defect detection is critical for industrial equipment reliability, but existing deep learning methods suffer from low accuracy for small targets, high computational complexity, and limited edge device deployment. This paper proposes an efficient defect detection algorithm based on the StarNet-MEIS-FDConv-detection transformer (SMF-DETR). The algorithm employs element-level multiplication operations in the backbone network to achieve high-dimensional feature mapping, effectively reducing computational complexity while improving feature extraction capability. The multiscale edge information selection mechanism processes features at different resolutions simultaneously to improve small defect detection. Frequency domain dynamic convolution adapts to different frequency components for optimal feature extraction while maintaining computational efficiency. Experiments on custom bearing defect datasets show that SMF-DETR achieves 96.2% mean average precision@50 (mAP@50) and 98.1% accuracy, improving baseline performance by 3.1% and 2.9%, respectively. The model also reduces computational cost by 57.7% and model size by 37.1%. Processing speeds reach 97.3 frames per second (FPS) on desktop systems and 58.1 FPS on embedded RK3588 platforms, meeting industrial real-time detection requirements. Finally, experimental validation was conducted on the publicly available bearing defect-detection dataset and the PASCAL visual object classes dataset, demonstrating the algorithm's versatility and generalization capabilities.
Dual Processing of Aberrant Data Perception: Evidence From EEG Oscillations.
Yu H, Chen Y, Li D … +3 more , Liu W, Dong B, Pei G
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41307947 · Publisher ↗
The perception of aberrant data (PAD) is an essential cognitive ability in human socialization, yet the underlying dual processing mechanisms remain underexplored. Based on dual processing theory, this study uses electro...
The perception of aberrant data (PAD) is an essential cognitive ability in human socialization, yet the underlying dual processing mechanisms remain underexplored. Based on dual processing theory, this study uses electroencephalogram (EEG) time-frequency analysis to investigate the mediating role and representational patterns of neural oscillatory activity in automatic processes (APs) and controlled processes (CPs). The results indicated that during the PAD task, β oscillations in the frontal-parietal regions exhibited clear event-related desynchronization in the AP mode, whereas β oscillations displayed prominent event-related synchronization in the CP mode. The brain network excitation mediated by β oscillations was closely followed by brain network inhibition mediated by α oscillations, allowing for effective separation of the dual processing modes in PAD tasks through the β-kα index (p < 0.001). Moreover, in the PAD task, the AP mode was primarily attributed to the efficient communication mediated by cross-frequency phase coherence between β and α oscillations, as well as information integration mediated by intersite phase coherence in the frontal-parietal regions. This study provides a framework for a comprehensive understanding of the dual processing neural mechanisms behind PAD, with promising applications in the study of pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and clinical interventions.
USP10 in Neurological Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.
Celemuge, Sun H, Zhang J … +3 more , Yang Y, Mao J, Cheliger
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Feb · PMID 41284210 · Full text
Various cellular processes, such as DNA repair and signal transduction, are regulated through ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Dysregulation of ubiquitination cascade enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes leads to var...
Various cellular processes, such as DNA repair and signal transduction, are regulated through ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Dysregulation of ubiquitination cascade enzymes and deubiquitinating enzymes leads to various diseases. Among them, deubiquitinating enzymes have been shown to be closely associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases. Recent studies have found that deubiquitinating enzymes play an important role in controlling neuronal fate, synaptic development, and maintaining normal nervous system function. USP10, a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family, regulates the progression of various diseases by acting on different substrates and modulating their functions. USP10 has been shown to regulate neurological diseases by mediating pathways such as immune response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular structure of USP10, identifies its substrate-binding sites, and summarizes its biological functions, particularly in relation to neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma, and ischemic stroke. USP10 promotes pathological progression in Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma on the one hand, and exerts protective effects in Parkinson's disease and ischemic stroke on the other. Additionally, we summarize recent progress in the development and application of USP10 modulators and potential therapeutic strategies targeting USP10 in neurological disorders.
COMMD4 Drives Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Progression by Targeting PI3K-p85 to Activate PI3K-AKT.
Liu X, Liu L, Wang Q … +12 more , Xia L, Zuo F, Yang J, Zheng K, Tang Y, Guo J, Yu X, Qi B, Zhou H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang X
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Jan · PMID 41283898 · Publisher ↗
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), the most aggressive form of cutaneous malignancy globally, remains poorly understood in terms of its molecular drivers. Although the copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD) protein family h...
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), the most aggressive form of cutaneous malignancy globally, remains poorly understood in terms of its molecular drivers. Although the copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD) protein family has been associated with oncogenesis, its functional relevance in SKCM is undefined. In this study, we identified COMMD4 as a prognostic biomarker of SKCM and showed that it is positively correlated with the adverse clinical outcomes of patients. COMMD4 gene knockout (COMMD4-KO) impaired the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of SKCM cells in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, COMMD4-KO induced G2/M phase arrest by disrupting p21-CDK1-cyclinB1 and impeded epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by reversing the E/N cadherin switch. We also demonstrate that COMMD4 activates PI3K-AKT signaling by binding PI3K-p85 to release PI3K-p110, thereby driving G2/M transition and EMT. Reactivation of PI3K-AKT signaling in COMMD4-KO cells rescued oncogenic phenotypes. By integrative Connectivity Map analysis and functional validation, we identified triamterene as a pharmacological inhibitor targeting the COMMD4-PI3K-AKT axis, which suppressed the progression of SKCM effectively in vitro and vivo. Our findings establish the COMMD4-PI3K-AKT axis as a novel and critical regulator of SKCM progression and repurpose triamterene as a promising therapeutic agent against SKCM.
Cardiovascular Activity Predominantly Modulates Brain Dynamics in Non-REM Sleep Transitions.
Catrambone V, Faraguna U, Valenza G
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Jan · PMID 41273533 · Full text
This study explores the brain-heart axis and its directional control dynamics across various sleep stages using electroencephalography and electrocardiogram data from publicly available whole-night recordings of 50 healt...
This study explores the brain-heart axis and its directional control dynamics across various sleep stages using electroencephalography and electrocardiogram data from publicly available whole-night recordings of 50 healthy individuals. Utilizing a validated functional brain-heart interplay (BHI) mathematical model, we identified a decrease in central control over peripheral neural activity regulating heartbeat dynamics during non-REM sleep. In contrast, an increase in sympathovagal activity influencing cortical function was observed during deep sleep, particularly in Non-REM3, compared to light sleep and REM phases. These results indicate a dynamic shift in the functional balance of the brain-heart axis and related BHI throughout sleep stages, characterized by predominant central control during wakefulness and enhanced bodily neuro-cardiac-autonomic regulation during deep sleep.
D2CL: A Dual-Dimensional Contrastive Learning Method for Enhancing the Performance of Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation.
Jia Q, Ding X, Tian N … +1 more , Zhao W
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Jan · PMID 41273349 · Publisher ↗
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation plays a pivotal role in domains such as autonomous driving and medical image analysis. However, existing approaches often rely on limited semantic cues from single images or paired...
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation plays a pivotal role in domains such as autonomous driving and medical image analysis. However, existing approaches often rely on limited semantic cues from single images or paired samples, leading to underutilized intraclass information and entangled interclass features-both of which significantly impair segmentation performance. To address these challenges, we propose a novel dual-dimensional contrastive learning (D2CL) framework that explores fine-grained feature attributes both across and within views, thereby promoting intraclass compactness and interclass discriminability in the feature space. Specifically, the interclass prototype contrastive learning module constructs a cross-view dynamic prototype memory bank and imposes a contrastive loss to enhance category-level distinctiveness. In parallel, the intraclass pixel contrastive learning module focuses on pixel-wise variations within the same category from a single view, enabling the model to capture more refined semantic details and better handle intraclass diversity. Extensive experiments conducted on the PASCAL VOC 2012 and MS COCO 2014 datasets demonstrate that D2CL consistently boosts the performance of multiple baseline models. For instance, the mean intersection over union of the baseline model SEAM is improved from 64.5% to 67.7%, while another model AMN sees an increase from 69.6% to 71.8%, highlighting the general applicability and effectiveness of our method.
The Effect of Different Auditory Stimuli and Optokinetic Stimuli on Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Function.
Korkmaz H, Cicek İB
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2026 Jan · PMID 41273240 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated how auditory stimuli and optokinetic stimulation modulate functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT) correct response rate (CR%) across semicircular canals (SCCs) and the associated cognitive load in hea...
This study investigated how auditory stimuli and optokinetic stimulation modulate functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT) correct response rate (CR%) across semicircular canals (SCCs) and the associated cognitive load in healthy adults. Fifty participants (20-57 years) completed repeated-measures fHIT under four conditions: silence, music, white noise, and optokinetic stimulation. The CR% from all SCCs were recorded and workload was assessed with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Optokinetic stimulation produced the most significant CR% decrement (e.g., right lateral 90 vs. 100 in silence; p<0.001) and the highest workload (median NASA-TLX = 50). Auditory conditions produced minimal CR% changes. Across conditions, lateral SCCs were less affected than vertical SCCs by sensory and cognitive interference. Visual-vestibular conflict markedly reduced CR%, whereas auditory effects appeared indirect and attention mediated. These findings provide normative benchmarks for multisensory fHIT assessment.
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