Current Drug Safety[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS Syndromes - A Narrative Review.
Pakkir Maideen NM, Barakat IR, Jumale AH
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37151075 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is a very common OTC drug that is found in more than 200 OTC products sold as pain, cough and cold remedies. Paracetamol is commonly used as an antipyretic to reduce fever and as...
INTRODUCTION: Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is a very common OTC drug that is found in more than 200 OTC products sold as pain, cough and cold remedies. Paracetamol is commonly used as an antipyretic to reduce fever and as an alternative to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are contraindicated in certain patients to relieve mild-moderate pain. OBJECTIVE: This review article focuses on SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes associated with the use of paracetamol or paracetamol-containing products. METHODS: To find published articles relevant to paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS, we searched the online databases Medline/Pubmed/PMC, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and reference lists using keywords like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Acetaminophen, Paracetamol, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. RESULTS: The paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes have been identified by a number of publications. CONCLUSION: When evaluating drug-induced hypersensitivity skin reactions, healthcare professionals, including prescribers, pharmacists, and others, should be aware of this rare risk. Patients who exhibit signs and symptoms of paracetamol-associated hypersensitivity should be referred to physicians by pharmacists for further treatment. At the first sign of a skin rash or other hypersensitivity reaction while taking paracetamol, patients should be told to stop taking it and see a doctor right away.
Side Effects Reported by Moroccan Medical Students Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines.
Moukafih B, Belaroussi L, Achour S … +1 more , Kartouti AE
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37138485 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Low confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines was found to be a key promoter of vaccine reluctance especially among youth. Furthermore, young adults are an important demographic for building herd immunity...
BACKGROUND: Low confidence in the safety of COVID-19 vaccines was found to be a key promoter of vaccine reluctance especially among youth. Furthermore, young adults are an important demographic for building herd immunity through vaccination. As a result, their reactions to getting COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in our fight against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: The overall goal of this study was to look into the shortterm side effects experienced by Moroccan medical and pharmacy students after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study to assess the COVID-19 vaccines' short-term AEFIs among Moroccan medical and pharmacy students. The validated questionnaire was delivered in a digital form to explore the side effects (SE) they encountered after the first or the second dose of one of three vaccines namely: AstraZeneca Vaxzevria, PfizerBioNTeck, and SinoPharm vaccines. RESULTS: There were 510 students in total who took part. After the first and second doses, approximately 72 percent and 78 percent of subjects, respectively, reported no SE. The remainder had localized injection site side effects (26%). Fatigue (21%), fever (19%), headache (17%), and myalgia (16%) were the most common systemic adverse effects after the first dose. There were no serious SEs reported. CONCLUSION: The majority of the reported AEFIs in our data were mild to moderate in intensity and lasted only one or two days. COVID-19 vaccinations are highly likely safe for young adults, according to the findings of this study.
Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms in the Rural Areas of India.
Shukla S, Sharma P, Gupta P … +8 more , Pandey S, Agrawal R, Rathour D, Kumar Kewat D, Singh R, Kumar Thakur S, Paliwal R, Sulakhiya K
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37132145 · Publisher ↗
Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients b...
Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients by monitoring and reporting all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with prescribed medicine usage. Findings have indicated that about 0.2- 24% of hospitalization cases are due to ADRs, of which 3.7% of patients have lethal ADRs. The reasons include the number of prescribed drugs, an increased number of new medicines in the market, an inadequate PV system for ADR monitoring, and a need for more awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting. Severe ADRs lead to enhanced hospital stays, increased treatment costs, risk of death, and many medical and economic consequences. Therefore, ADR reporting at its first instance is essential to avoid further harmful effects of the prescribed drugs. In India, the rate of ADR reporting is less than 1%, whereas worldwide, it is 5% due to a need for more awareness about PV and ADR monitoring among healthcare providers and patients. The main objective of this review is to highlight the current scenario and possible futuristic ways of ADR reporting methods in rural areas of India. We have searched the literature using PubMed, Google scholar, Indian citation index to retrieve the resources related to ADR monitoring and reporting in India's urban and rural areas. Spontaneous reporting is the most commonly used PV method to report ADRs in India's urban and rural areas. Evidence revealed that no effective ADR reporting mechanisms developed in rural areas causing underreporting of ADR, thus increasing the threat to the rural population. Hence, PV and ADR reporting awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, telecommunication, telemedicine, use of social media and electronic medical records, and artificial intelligence are the potential approaches for prevention, monitoring, and reporting of ADRs in rural areas.
Association between Glucose-lowering Treatments and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Hasselstrøm Jensen J, Vestergaard P, Hasselstrøm Jensen M
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37078347 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Glycaemic variability is possibly linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy, and newer second-line glucose-lowering treatments in type 2 diabetes might reduce glycaemic variability. AIM: This study...
INTRODUCTION: Glycaemic variability is possibly linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy, and newer second-line glucose-lowering treatments in type 2 diabetes might reduce glycaemic variability. AIM: This study aimed to investigate whether newer second-line glucose-lowering treatments are associated with an alternative risk of developing diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A nationwide cohort of people with type 2 diabetes on second-line glucose-lowering treatment regimens in 2008-2018 was extracted from the Danish National Patient Registry. Adjusted time to diabetic retinopathy was estimated with a Cox Proportional Hazards model. The model was adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, alcohol abuse, treatment start year, education, income, history of late-diabetic complications, history of non-fatal major adverse cardiovascular events, history of chronic kidney disease, and history of hypoglycaemic episodes. RESULTS: Treatment regimens of metformin + basal insulin (HR: 3.15, 95% CI: 2.42-4.10) and metformin + glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1-RA, HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.96) were associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy compared with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). Treatment with metformin + sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i, HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.28-2.11) was associated with the numerically lowest risk of diabetic retinopathy compared with all regimens investigated. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate that basal insulin and GLP-1-RA are suboptimal second- line choices for people with type 2 diabetes at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. However, many other considerations concerning the choice of second-line glucose-lowering treatment for type 2 diabetes patients should be taken into account.
A Case Report of Cefixime, Paracetamol, and Nimesulide Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Woman with Dengue Infection without any Other Associated Comorbidities.
Munshi R, Maurya M
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37076467 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, acute, and life-threatening mucocutaneous disease that occurs after the administration of certain drugs, resulting in extensive keratinocyte cell death, skin involv...
BACKGROUND: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, acute, and life-threatening mucocutaneous disease that occurs after the administration of certain drugs, resulting in extensive keratinocyte cell death, skin involvement at the dermal-epidermal junction, and extensive bullous skin eruptions and sloughing. Many published case reports have observed the presence of fever with a viral infection, drug, and/or genetic association as a possible trigger for TEN but associated with other comorbidities. Physicians still struggle to predict which individuals could be predisposed to TEN. The case report that we present had a history of multiple drug intake and fever due to dengue virus infection but was not associated with any other comorbidity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present an unusual case of a 32-year-old woman of Western Indian origin who had developed dengue infection and suffered toxic epidermal necrolysis following a five-day course of a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, cefixime and a three-day course of 2 analgesic drugs, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and nimesulide, with the adverse event occurring on the fifth day of the dengue infection. The offending drugs were stopped, and patient survived with supportive management and hydration. CONCLUSION: The presence of comorbidities may not always be the triggering factor for TEN, though it can affect patient outcomes. Rational drug use is always recommended for patient care. Further research is required to understand the pathomechanism behind the viral-drug-gene interaction.
Immediate Reaction to Propranolol: An Extremely Rare but Important Condition. A Case Report.
González-Bravo L, Sánchez-González MJ, Barbarroja-Escudero J … +3 more , Monjo-Paz J, Matas-Dominguez D, Alvarez-Mon M
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37073669 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Beta-blockers involve a group of drugs widely used nowadays. Propranolol was the first beta-blocker available in the market. It is the most prescribed first-generation betablocker and is commonly used. Beta...
INTRODUCTION: Beta-blockers involve a group of drugs widely used nowadays. Propranolol was the first beta-blocker available in the market. It is the most prescribed first-generation betablocker and is commonly used. Beta-blocker allergy is extremely unusual. Only an isolated case of an urticaria reaction to propranolol has been published in 1975. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 44-year-old man. In 2016, he was treated with a daily dose of 5 mg of propranolol prescribed for a diagnosis of essential tremor. On the third day of medical treatment, he experienced an episode of generalized urticaria directly related to the administration of propranolol. He continued with his habitual treatment and he had no other urticaria episodes. A drug provocation test was carried out with gradually increasing doses of the culprit drug. Thirty minutes after a total cumulative dose of 5 mg, the patient had several hives on the chest, abdominal region and arms. Two weeks later, a new drug provocation test was performed to bisoprolol as an alternative beta-blocker, with good tolerance. CONCLUSION: We describe a new case of urticaria secondary to propranolol, presenting as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Bisoprolol has been succesfully proved to be a safe option. Bisoprolol is a second-generation beta-blocker, it is available and commercialized worldwide, which makes it a good alternative.
Oral Linezolid Induced Early Onset Hepatic Encephalopathy- A Case Report of 65-year Old Diabetic Female.
Upadhyay M, Purohit B, Pargi P
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37070438 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Linezolid is increasingly utilized to treat gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics like vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus as well...
INTRODUCTION: Linezolid is increasingly utilized to treat gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics like vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus as well as drug-resistant tuberculosis. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. Although it is a relatively safe medicine, many reports of hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity linked to long-term usage have been received but patients with pre-existing risk factors, such as diabetes and alcoholism, may have toxicity even after short-term use of linezolid. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we are presenting a case of a 65-year-old female with diabetes who developed hepatic encephalopathy after one week of treatment with linezolid prescribed for nonhealing diabetic ulcer after a culture sensitivity test. After the use of linezolid 600 mg BD for 8 days patient developed altered sensorium and breathlessness and had high bilirubin, SGOT, and SGPT. She was diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. Linezolid was withdrawn and after 10 days all laboratory parameters for liver function test were improved. CONCLUSION: Care should be taken when prescribing linezolid in such patients with pre-existing risk factors as they are prone to develop hepatotoxic and neurotoxic adverse effects even after short-term use of linezolid.
Non-ANCA Leucocytoclasic Vasculitis Induced by Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir Treatment: A Case Report.
Zaimi Y, Ayari M, Ghithia N … +1 more , Ayadi S
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37038681 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The development of direct-acting antivirals directed against the Hepatitis C Virus has dramatically modified the therapeutic approach to chronic hepatic viral disease. Larger use of such drugs has also led to...
BACKGROUND: The development of direct-acting antivirals directed against the Hepatitis C Virus has dramatically modified the therapeutic approach to chronic hepatic viral disease. Larger use of such drugs has also led to increasing reports about their adverse effects. This report aimed to describe a case of leucocytoclasic vasculitis following treatment based on the sofosbuvir/ledipasvir regimen with complete disappearance shortly after withdrawal in a 61-year-old patient treated for genotype 1 hepatitis C. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Tunisian woman with a history of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection developed palpable purpura in front of low extremity articulation, five weeks after the onset of sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir. The histological examination concluded with leucocytoclasic vasculitis, with total disappearance three days after withdrawal. The pre-therapeutic assessment showed no positivity of Cryoglobulinemia. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were negative. A sustained viral response was obtained only 5 weeks after treatment without an increase of viral load during follow-up. CONCLUSION: There was a temporal relationship between antiviral treatment and non-ANCA skin vasculitis. The pharmacological department concluded the imputability of antiviral treatment (score I2B2).
The Safety and Effectiveness of Antifungal Medications in the Management of Mucormycosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Jose D, Nair KS, Alagesan M … +1 more , Pappachan JM
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 37031384 · Publisher ↗
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Vitamin D Deficiency in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer and its Association with Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Following Total Laryngectomy.
Iravani K, Khosravi Y, Doostkam A … +1 more , Soltaniesmaeili A
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36999719 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors in developing some malignancies have been investigated recently. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin D in advanced laryngeal cancer and its association with the deve...
BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors in developing some malignancies have been investigated recently. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin D in advanced laryngeal cancer and its association with the development of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) following total laryngectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with advanced laryngeal cancer referred for total laryngectomy were included. We also considered 55 healthy individuals after matching age and sex as a control group. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The association of serum 25(OH)D with PCF following total laryngectomy was also determined. RESULTS: Vitamin D was significantly lower in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer than in the control group ( < 0.001). Moreover, our results showed that a mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D in patients with PCF was significantly lower than in patients without PCF ( < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in advanced laryngeal cancer, most pronounced in those who develop a PFC following total laryngectomy.
Current Landscape on Development of Phenylalanine and Toxicity of its Metabolites - A Review.
Bose S, Mandal S, Khan R … +2 more , Maji HS, Ashique S
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36999718 · Publisher ↗
Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is the "building block" of protein. It has a tremendous role in different aspects of metabolic events. The tyrosine pathway is the prime one and is typically used to degrade dietar...
Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is the "building block" of protein. It has a tremendous role in different aspects of metabolic events. The tyrosine pathway is the prime one and is typically used to degrade dietary phenylalanine. Phenylalanine exceeds its limit in bodily fluids and the brain when the enzyme, phenylalanine decarboxylase, phenylalanine transaminase, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) or its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is deficient causes phenylketonuria, schizophrenia, attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and another neuronal effect. Tyrosine, an amino acid necessary for synthesizing the pigments in melanin, is produced by its primary metabolic pathway. Deficiency/abnormality in metabolic enzymes responsible for the catabolism pathway of Phenylalanine causes an accumulation of the active intermediate metabolite, resulting in several abnormalities, such as developmental delay, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, albinism, hypotension and several other undesirable conditions. Dietary restriction of the amino acid(s) can be a therapeutic approach to avoid such undesirable conditions when the level of metabolic enzyme is unpredictable. After properly identifying the enzymatic level, specific pathophysiological conditions can be managed more efficiently.
COVID-19 Vaccination Program for Children: An Electronic Assessment of Symptoms.
Kumar N, Khora A, Loomba R … +7 more , Sharma N, Kumar A, Rana A, Kamboj R, Kamboj S, Guarve K, Guatam SP
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36999717 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The evolution of COVID-19 vaccinations, which are mostly seen as crucial to curb the epidemic, is a result of remarkable and ground-breaking researches by scientists around the world. OBJECTIVE: The main goal...
BACKGROUND: The evolution of COVID-19 vaccinations, which are mostly seen as crucial to curb the epidemic, is a result of remarkable and ground-breaking researches by scientists around the world. OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this study was to identify the significant adverse reactions of these vaccines, specifically in . METHODS: In this research, a trial version of Qualtrics CoreXM software was used, and 18 questionnaires were prototyped as part of an online survey that was done in the northern part of India. RESULTS: The dataset included survey responses from 286 vaccinated (Corbevax) respondents' samples detailing their demographics, daily activities, type of gastronomic preferences, and any prior illnesses. The data were collected between March 24, 2022, and April 26, 2022. After analysis, 70.98% of respondents who took the first dose of the medication experienced side effects, while 50.62% of respondents who took the second dose of the medication stated the same. The major side effects reported were injection site pain, fever, tiredness, body ache, headache, . CONCLUSION: After conducting a poll on children (aged 12-18) who had received the COVID-19 vaccination, we concluded that immunizations rarely cause moderate side effects that are manageable.
Myocarditis and Pericarditis Related to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.
María PLE, Diego RS, Jorge NR
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36999413 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Reported cases after the post-commercialization phase of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 have revealed that myocarditis and pericarditis may occur predominantly in male adolescents after the second dose of t...
INTRODUCTION: Reported cases after the post-commercialization phase of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 have revealed that myocarditis and pericarditis may occur predominantly in male adolescents after the second dose of the vaccine. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases of cardiac disorders associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, both of them in 15 year-old males. One of the patients presented acute pericarditis and the second one presented acute myocarditis with left ventricular dysfunction at hospital discharge. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware with the typical manifestations of these cardiovascular events after the vaccination and report suspicious cases to pharmacovigilance agencies as soon as possible. The population should rely on the pharmacovigilance system that continues to recommend vaccination as the most effective strategy to reduce the negative consequences of the pandemic.
Bleeding Complications in a Patient After the Unexpected Interaction between Valproic Acid and Phenprocoumon.
Wieringa A, Fiebrich HB, Gelder FV … +3 more , Valkenburg AJ, Maring JG, Smolders EJ
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36896908 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Phenprocoumon is a vitamin K antagonist that is widely prescribed in Europe and Latin America for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic events. CASE PRESENTATION: A 90-year-old female was admitted t...
BACKGROUND: Phenprocoumon is a vitamin K antagonist that is widely prescribed in Europe and Latin America for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic events. CASE PRESENTATION: A 90-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with tonic-clonic seizures, possibly due to dementia syndrome. Valproic acid (VPA) was prescribed for the treatment of seizures. VPA is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzymes. A pharmacokinetic interaction with phenprocoumon occurred, which is a substrate for CYP2C9 enzymes. The interaction resulted in a strong INR increase and subsequent clinically relevant bleeding in our patient. Valproic acid is not specifically mentioned in the phenprocoumon drug label as a CYP2C9 inhibitor, and in the Dutch medication surveillance database, no medication alert is shown when prescribing this combination, and no interaction with phenprocoumon has been reported so far. CONCLUSION: When prescribing this combination, the prescriber should be warned and advised to intensify INR monitoring if the combination is to be continued.
Amoxicillin Induced Fever, Rash, and Catatonia - A Case Study.
Yadav CK, Ranka R, Panda PK … +3 more , Shah BP, Mishra MK, Krishnan V
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36892033 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are defined as any harmful or unpleasant events or injuries resulting from the use of any particular drug. Among those antibiotics that cause adverse reactions, amoxicillin is o...
INTRODUCTION: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are defined as any harmful or unpleasant events or injuries resulting from the use of any particular drug. Among those antibiotics that cause adverse reactions, amoxicillin is one of them. Catatonia and vasculitic rash are its rare adverse effects. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old postpartum female, with a history of taking empirical Amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 625 mg) injection and oral tablets for episiotomy wound, presented with altered sensorium and fever followed by maculopapular rash. On examination, she had generalized rigidity with waxy flexibility that improved by lorazepam challenge and was diagnosed as catatonia. On evaluation, amoxicillin was found to be precipitating catatonia in this patient. CONCLUSION: Since the diagnosis of catatonia is often missed, any cases with clinical presentation of fever, rash, altered sensorium, and generalized rigidity should also be suspected for druginduced ADR and the precipitating factor should be searched for.
A Systematic Review on Interferon Alpha-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Hepatitis C Patients.
Kaushik P, Khan MA, Agarwal NB … +1 more , Garg A
Curr Drug Saf · 2023 · PMID 36883269 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is an important treatment modality for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, treatment with IFN-α is often associated with cognitive difficulties in HCV patients. Thus, this systematic...
OBJECTIVE: Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is an important treatment modality for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, treatment with IFN-α is often associated with cognitive difficulties in HCV patients. Thus, this systematic review was performed to assess the effects of IFN-α on cognitive functioning in patients suffering from HCV. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified by performing a comprehensive literature search in major databases including PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Central using a combination of suitable keywords. We retrieved studies that were published from the start of each database until August 2021. RESULTS: Out of 210 articles, 73 studies were selected after removing the duplicates. In the first pass, 60 articles were excluded. Out of 13 full-text articles, only 5 articles qualified for qualitative analyses in the second pass. We observed conflicting results concerned with the use of IFN-α and the risk of neurocognitive impairment in HCV patients. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we have observed conflicting results regarding the impact of INF-α treatment on the cognitive functioning of patients suffering from HCV. Thus, there is an urgent need for an extensive study to evaluate the exact association between INF-αtherapy and cognitive functioning in HCV patients.
Pharmacovigilance in Herbal Drugs: A Challenge.
Sanghvi K, Subraya CK, Pai V … +2 more , Nanjundaiah ARHH, Kunhikatta V
Curr Drug Saf · 2023 · PMID 36883268 · Publisher ↗
There is a growing awareness of a disease at many levels, its treatment, and treatment outcomes including side effects. Alternative therapy techniques, herbal medicines and formulations are extensively acknowledged and p...
There is a growing awareness of a disease at many levels, its treatment, and treatment outcomes including side effects. Alternative therapy techniques, herbal medicines and formulations are extensively acknowledged and practiced in India and around the world. Herbal medicine is usually considered being safe regardless of the absence of scientific evidence to support its claims. Several issues concerning the methods in which herbal medications are labelled, evaluated, sourced, and used are connected to herbal medicine. Herbal therapeutics in the management and treatment of diabetes, rheumatism, hepatic disorders and other mild to chronic diseases and disorders are widely accepted. However, the adversities are difficult to recognize. The idea that the nature is safe and may be taken without the prescription of a physician has resulted in widespread self-medication across the world, sometimes with disappointing results, side effects, or unpleasant after-effects. The existing pharmacovigilance paradigm and its accompanying tools were created in connection with synthetic medicines. Nevertheless, adopting these approaches to keep records of herbal medications' safety poses a distinct challenge. This might be due to the variations in the usage of non-traditional medicines, which can offer unique toxicological issues whether taken alone or in conjunction with other medications. The goal of pharmacovigilance is to identify, analyse, explain, and minimize the adverse reactions and other drug-related complications associated with herbal, traditional, and complementary medications. Systematic pharmacovigilance is required to collect accurate data on the safety of herbal medications to create adequate guidelines for effective and safe usage.
Self-medication during the Era of COVID-19; Potential Implications for Drug Policy Makers and Pharmacovigilance.
Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Butt MH … +1 more , Salman M
Curr Drug Saf · 2023 · PMID 36883267 · Publisher ↗
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is marked by infodemic amid conspiracy theories, false claims, rumors, and misleading narratives, which have had a significant impact on the global campaign against COVID-19. T...
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is marked by infodemic amid conspiracy theories, false claims, rumors, and misleading narratives, which have had a significant impact on the global campaign against COVID-19. The drug repurposing provides a hope to curb the growing encumbrance of the disease but at the same time, it poses various challenges such as selfmedication using repurposed drugs and its associated harms. During the continuing pandemic, this perspective piece explores the potential hazards of self-medication and its attributing factors along with possible countermeasures.
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Regional Experience of a Global Challenge.
Bushehri B, Mokhtarpoor A, Bahrami E … +1 more , Ghorani-Azam A
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36872363 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are considered any harmful and unintended side effects associated with the use of a drug at the usual therapeutic dose, in which skin is involved in most cases. Therefore, the ava...
BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are considered any harmful and unintended side effects associated with the use of a drug at the usual therapeutic dose, in which skin is involved in most cases. Therefore, the availability of epidemiological information on reactions, reaction patterns, and their causative drugs can be helpful in timely diagnosis and necessary measures, such as caution in prescribing causative drugs to prevent these types of reactions. METHODS: In this retrospective descriptive study, the archived files of patients with dermatoses due to ADR referred to Taleghani University Hospital, Urmia, Iran, during 2015-2020 were studied. Patterns and frequency of skin reactions, demographic data, and the frequency of chronic comorbidities were identified. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with drug-induced skin rash were found, of which 14 were male (28%) and 36 were female (72%). Skin rashes were most frequently found in patients aged 31-40 years. In 76% of patients, there was at least one chronic underlying disease. The most common reaction pattern was maculopapular rash (44%), and the most common causative drugs were antiepileptic drugs (34%) and antibiotics (22%). Mortality was found in 4 cases, which was due to antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs that caused toxic SJS/TEN and erythroderma. The hospital stays were highest in SJS and lowest in a maculopapular rash. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the epidemiology and the frequency of adverse drug reactions may be helpful in increasing the awareness of physicians for correct and rational drug prescriptions, which can reduce unnecessary hospital referrals and treatment costs.
Knowledge, Perception, and Practices on the Labelling of Dispensed Medicine among Community Pharmacists and General Practitioners in the State of Sarawak, Malaysia.
Bin Said LN, Chyi LS, Anak Talin BA … +4 more , Foo Khiong AL, Mohamad Rosli IAB, Pei Sze JL, Abdul Razak RB
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 36872362 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The labelling of dispensed medicines (LDM) ensures that optimum therapeutic treatment levels are achieved, and medication errors are prevented. In Malaysia, LDM is enforced under the Poisons Act 1952. OBJECTI...
BACKGROUND: The labelling of dispensed medicines (LDM) ensures that optimum therapeutic treatment levels are achieved, and medication errors are prevented. In Malaysia, LDM is enforced under the Poisons Act 1952. OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, perception, and practices of community pharmacists (CP) and general practitioners (GP) on LDM. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 until March 2020 among CP and GP practising in Sarawak, Malaysia. Sample sizes were 90 and 150 for CP and GP, respectively. Proportionate stratified random sampling was employed. A self-administered structured questionnaire pre-tested and pilot-tested was used to explore knowledge and perception. Practices were assessed by having participants prepare dispensed medicine labels (DML) using simulated prescriptions. RESULTS: 250 participants; 96 CP and 154 GP participated. While most of them perceived that they knew the requirements of LDM (n = 244; 97.6%), their median knowledge score was poor (57.1%). The mean knowledge score of CP (62.0%) was significantly higher (P = 0.002) than GP (51.0%). The majority of participants perceived that LDM is important (n = 237; 94.8%) and necessary (n = 239; 95.6%) and perceived that poor compliance with the requirements would lead to medication errors (n = 243; 97.2%). Although their knowledge was poor, their median practice score (100.0%) was excellent. There was no correlation between knowledge and perception with the practice of LDM. CONCLUSION: The majority of CP and GP perceived that LDM is important. Interestingly, although their knowledge of the requirements of LDM was poor, their practices were sound.
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