Current Drug Safety[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Imipenem-Cilastatin-Induced Seizures: A Case Report.
Aloui G, Houria BB, Yousfi MA
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39377408 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Imipenem-cilastatin, a carbapenem antibiotic, is commonly used for severe bacterial infections. While generally well-tolerated, it can rarely cause central nervous system toxicity, including seizures. We have...
BACKGROUND: Imipenem-cilastatin, a carbapenem antibiotic, is commonly used for severe bacterial infections. While generally well-tolerated, it can rarely cause central nervous system toxicity, including seizures. We have, herein, reported a case of imipenem-cilastatin-induced seizure in a 20-year-old patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit for febrile status epilepticus and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Initial evaluations ruled out underlying causes and anti-epileptic treatment has been initiated. Despite having an effective anti-epileptic treatment for three months of hospitalization, seizure recurrence occurred, leading to antibiotic regimen adjustment as the imputability of imipenem-cilastatin was suspected. After discontinuation of the involved drug, the patient remained neurologically stable. Previous literature has reported cases of imipenem-cilastatin-induced seizures, particularly in elderly patients or at higher dosages. The causality assessment was conducted using the updated French method, which rated the chronological criterion as C2 and the semiological criterion as S2. The intrinsic imputability score was I3, indicating plausible causality, and the extrinsic bibliographic score was B3. CONCLUSION: Our case has highlighted the importance of promptly recognizing imipenem-cilastatin- induced epileptic seizures in order to treat them more effectively and thus optimize the patient's care. Therefore, we emphasize that clinicians be vigilant about the side effects of its use, particularly in patients with neurological susceptibilities. We also advocate a personalized choice of antibiotics, taking into account both antimicrobial efficacy and potential adverse effects, for better outcomes with fewer risks.
Diuretics-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: Case Series with a Review of the Literature.
Patel DM, Patel MM, Patel LB … +3 more , Patel VB, Patel MV, Patel DK
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39360546 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Although diuretic-induced Acute Pancreatitis (AP) cases are typically mild to moderate, severe and potentially fatal occurrences can arise. Case Series and Literature Review: We have, herein, presented a seri...
BACKGROUND: Although diuretic-induced Acute Pancreatitis (AP) cases are typically mild to moderate, severe and potentially fatal occurrences can arise. Case Series and Literature Review: We have, herein, presented a series of diuretic-induced AP cases from March 2018 to February 2024 of a 54-year-old woman treated with chlorthalidone, a 45-year-old male treated with hydrochlorothiazide, and a 48-year-old male treated with frusemide. The literature search has identified 26 cases published to date, 10 from frusemide and 16 from thiazide diuretics. The Naranjo adverse reaction probability scale has categorized all three drugs as "probable". All cases have responded to conservative treatment and cessation of the offending drug. Various mechanisms, such as hypersensitization, ischemia, direct cytotoxic effects, hypercalcemia, and dose-dependent idiosyncrasy, have been found to lead to intrapancreatic activation of pancreatic enzymes, resulting in drug-induced AP. CONCLUSION: Further research into the mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to diureticinduced AP is essential for enabling early diagnosis and management of diuretic-induced AP.
Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption in the Blood-Brain Barrier Cells: Overlooked Player in Drug Safety Evaluation.
Elmorsy E
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39350403 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is based on the unique pattern of the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), which controls the transport of molecules between the CNS and the blood. The blood-brain barrier i...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is based on the unique pattern of the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), which controls the transport of molecules between the CNS and the blood. The blood-brain barrier is mainly composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membrane, as well as the astrocytes and immune cells as perivascular macrophages and microglial cells. The dysfunction of this barrier can cause serious neuronal disorders due to the transport of hazardous molecules and immune cells to the CNS. Mitochondria plays a major role in cellular homeostasis in terms of health and disease. This review evaluated the published data about the effect of the drugs on the cells of BBB. Only seven articles were found that considered the effect of drugs on the barrier endothelial cells and mitochondria via different assays. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the impact of used medications on BBB cell bioenergetics. Also, the effect of the newly studied pharmaceutical agents on the BBB bioenergetics should be included within their safety profile studies.
Long-term Safety Monitoring and Efficacy Status of Infliximab and its Biosimilars in Psoriasis Management.
Sharma K, Ghai R, Rana N
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39297460 · Publisher ↗
Infliximab (INF), a murine human monoclonal antibody, is a substantially more successful biologic than topical drugs for treating mild to severe psoriasis because it clears the skin rapidly due to its fast onset of actio...
Infliximab (INF), a murine human monoclonal antibody, is a substantially more successful biologic than topical drugs for treating mild to severe psoriasis because it clears the skin rapidly due to its fast onset of action. Loss of responsiveness over time and some adverse effects, especially the experience of infusion reactions, are the major causes of non-compliance with INF medication. Therefore, evaluation of the long-term reliability of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) medications is necessary for the assessment of the risks associated with long-term anti-TNF therapy. For psoriasis, there are registered safety statistics; however, these individuals might not receive the same level of care as those in a randomized study. Few assessments of the safety of anti- TNF medications across indications, including their biosimilars, are present, but it's still unknown how anti-infliximab antibodies arise and produce harmful effects. INF biosimilars, when subjected to human studies to reduce cost and improve access, provide therapeutic benefits with associated adverse events, showing variations in incidence depending upon varying patient populations and no new safety indications. During therapy, certain individuals develop antibodies against INF, which are believed to be linked to a loss of response (LOR). Additional research aimed at identifying individuals who are susceptible to treatment resistance is likely to assist doctors in accurately selecting the appropriate candidates for anti-TNF-α therapy and enhancing the long-term effectiveness of the treatment. From clinical studies, we expect to learn about how to utilize INF or its biosimilars more effectively in the management of psoriasis. Therefore, the paper focuses on the efficacy and safety monitoring of INF and developed biological therapies.
Possible Terbinafine and/or Itraconazole Induced Vasculitis - A Case Study.
Kumar S, Narayanan S, Panda PK … +1 more , Chowdhury A
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39301906 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: It is essential to exclude other causes, such as autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections, before attributing cutaneous/systemic vasculitis to drug use. CASE STUDY: This report discusses the case of a y...
INTRODUCTION: It is essential to exclude other causes, such as autoimmune diseases and bacterial infections, before attributing cutaneous/systemic vasculitis to drug use. CASE STUDY: This report discusses the case of a young man who developed multi-organ failure and cutaneous vasculitis following the use of antifungal medications (terbinafine and itraconazole) for dermatophyte infections. Tests for autoimmune diseases and infections were negative. Given his drug history and a skin biopsy indicating leukocytoclastic vasculitis, it was inferred that the vasculitis was likely drug-induced. Despite treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasmapheresis, the patient did not survive, possibly due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION: In community practice, Drug-induced Vasculitis (DIV) is frequently overlooked. When patients present with skin rash, fever, and multi-organ dysfunction, DIV should be considered, particularly in the context of recent drug use. Over-the-counter antifungals, like terbinafine or itraconazole, can cause DIV and may be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome with Multiple Drugs (Leflunomide and Cefuroxime): A Case Report.
Yadav P, Rao GK, Rataboli PV … +1 more , Gurav SS
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39301905 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unexpected reactions to a medicine administered in the correct manner and at the proper dosage. Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms syndrome (DRESS syndrome) is...
BACKGROUND: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unexpected reactions to a medicine administered in the correct manner and at the proper dosage. Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms syndrome (DRESS syndrome) is a Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (SCAR) type of ADR with complicated clinical features involving several organ systems of the body; frequently involved organs are the liver, kidney, lungs, and other organs. Prompt recognition and correct diagnosis, followed by withdrawal of the causative agent, can promote appropriate treatment, accelerate recovery, and reduce the related morbidity and mortality. CASE PRESENTATION: We have, herein, presented a case of a 42-year-old female with a history of leflunomide intake for plantar fasciitis. The patient subsequently developed fever, gastrointestinal tract disturbance, facial edema, liver injury, skin rash, hematologic abnormalities (eosinophilia), hepatosplenomegaly, and lymph node enlargement. The probability of leflunomide-induced DRESS syndrome was rated as "definite", with with a score of eight graded by RegiSCAR. The suspected causative agent was withdrawn, and the patient was managed symptomatically. Following her management and discharge, she again encountered similar complaints after administration of the cefuroxime tablet. The causality assessment of the reactions was done using the WHOUMC scale and Naranjo's assessment scale, and a "probable" reaction was found for both drugs. CONCLUSION: The presented case contributes to the existing global literature regarding exceptional clinical presentations. Leflunomide and cefuroxime drugs have the potential to cause DRESS syndrome. Thus, they should be handled cautiously, and if such a reaction occurs, it should be reported to the responsible authorities.
Safety Profile of Mass Administration of Albendazole Among School Children (6-19 Years): A Prospective Active Surveillance Study.
Sheoran B, Deb T, Misra S … +3 more , Tuteja M, Vohra A, Beniwal R
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39253922 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Infections with Soil-transmitted Helminths (STHs) impact about 24% of the global population. A disproportionate number of individuals, particularly those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, live in emerging n...
BACKGROUND: Infections with Soil-transmitted Helminths (STHs) impact about 24% of the global population. A disproportionate number of individuals, particularly those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, live in emerging nations. In India, between the ages of one and fourteen, almost 220 million children are susceptible to intestinal worm infestations caused by parasites. The National Deworming Day (NDD) initiative was started by the Indian government in February 2015 as a part of the National Health Mission to address this problem. Though the adverse effects of albendazole in routine therapy are known, the mass administration of the medicine in children as part of a public health program has not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the occurrence, type, and severity of adverse drug reactions resulting from mass administration of albendazole in school children aged 6-19 years in a district of northern India. METHODS: Twenty specified clusters were randomly chosen from a total of 96 clusters in the district to participate in this prospective, descriptive, observational study that was carried out in Karnal, Haryana. Both a passive approach and an active adverse drug reaction reporting system were used in the study. The six-step process known as Deb's Active Surveillance & Assisted Reporting System was employed in our study. Adverse drug reactions were recorded using the suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting form of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI). RESULTS: Twenty clusters with a combined total of 94 schools and 12,751 students were observed during the study. In this study, there were more female participants (N = 8,060; 63.21%) than male participants (N = 4,691; 36.78%). A total of 29 ADRs were reported. All reported ADRs were mild in nature. It was discovered that there were 1.37 incidences for every 1000 individuals. As illustrated in Fig. (1), the most frequently reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) were vomiting (N = 10), nausea (N = 4), abdominal pain (N = 2), and headache (N = 1). The majority of ADRs were categorized as probable (N=18; 62.06%), followed by possible (N=11; 37.93%). CONCLUSION: An active surveillance system alongside voluntary passive reporting during the mass administration of medicines can help evaluate the safety profile of the medicinal products. The occurrence of ADRs following mass administration of albendazole in school children was found to be only 1.37 incidences for every 1000 recipients, being mild in nature, with vomiting being the most common.
Promoting Patient Engagement in Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting: A Novel Approach Utilizing Set Induction-Based Skill Questionnaires.
Sudha TYS, Kumari K, Kumar H … +2 more , Kankarwal M, Sasanka KK
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39253921 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: All stakeholders must address the global health concern of an increasing frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), regardless of the practice settings. Adverse drug reactions have been found to be a signifi...
BACKGROUND: All stakeholders must address the global health concern of an increasing frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), regardless of the practice settings. Adverse drug reactions have been found to be a significant cause of morbidity and death across all age groups, hospital admissions, and a significant financial burden on society and healthcare systems. The main objective of this study was to measure patients' awareness and knowledge of reporting adverse drug reactions using a questionnaire and then to help patients become more aware of and sensitive to reporting ADRs. METHODS: The current investigation was carried out in the OPD Block of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Deoghar using a pre-experimental study with one group pre-test post-test design. One hundred and ninety-nine patients who were visiting different OPDs and IPDs participated in this study. RESULTS: The average age of the 199 study participants was 34.6 years. The majority of participants were male, illiterate and belonged to rural areas. We found a statistically significant difference [-11.90(0.000*)] in the pre-test and post-test knowledge questionnaire scores of the participants, indicating the efficacy of awareness and sensitization for patients on ADR reporting. CONCLUSIONS: This survey aims to inform patients about the pharmacovigilance Program in India. The questions are structured in a way that allows patients to reflect and become more selfaware while reading them. They also function as a set introduction to ADR (Adverse Drug Reaction) monitoring centers and increase patient awareness of reporting ADRs.
Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccination.
Slouma M, Dhifallah M, Ammar LB … +1 more , Gharsallah I
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39248062 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Parsonage-Turner Syndrome is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain. CASE REPRESENTATION: Herein, we present the case of a male in his 40s, who was presented with a 3-month history of acute onset of intense sho...
INTRODUCTION: Parsonage-Turner Syndrome is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain. CASE REPRESENTATION: Herein, we present the case of a male in his 40s, who was presented with a 3-month history of acute onset of intense shoulder pain, which decreased rapidly leaving behind a residual upper limb weakness. The diagnosis of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination was made based on electroneuromyography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The patient responded well to analgesics and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: A better knowledge of this disease and early recognition are crucial to prevent unnecessary tests and interventions.
Ciprofloxacin's Structure Causing Fluoride-Related Toxicity: A Case Report.
Silva Bidu N, Costa ST, Couto RD … +1 more , Fernandes BJD
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39234907 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical practice with a fluorine atom in its chemical structure. Like other antibiotics, it can induce several adverse effects, such as tendinopat...
BACKGROUND: Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical practice with a fluorine atom in its chemical structure. Like other antibiotics, it can induce several adverse effects, such as tendinopathy, musculoskeletal toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiotoxicity, thereby causing relevant and irreversible health injuries. Ciprofloxacin fluoride's adverse toxicological effect associated with a urinary fluoride concentration above the reference value has not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE: This case report aimed to provide evidence of ciprofloxacin treatment intoxication, an antibiotic containing a fluorine atom in its chemical structure, associated with a fluoride urine concentration above the reference value. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old man developed tendinopathy and peripheral neuropathy on the third day's night after initiating the ciprofloxacin doses, exhibiting symptoms comparable to a low-power electrical discharge and very intense motor agitation. After following habitual laboratory exams, a urinary fluoride measurement was performed by an ion-selective electrode. The urinary fluoride concentration was above the reference values in mg/g of creatinine. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that has described an association among ciprofloxacinfluoride, tendinopathies, and peripheral neuropathy. The patient's symptomatology has suggested a toxic effect related to fluoride. We consider the documented finding of a fluorine atom at the ciprofloxacin structure and its toxic potential neuropathies and tendinopathies as an issue of alert.
Tofacitinib-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Boussaa H, Hamdi O, Miladi S … +4 more , Makhlouf Y, Abdelghani KB, Fazaa A, Laatar A
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39234906 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an uncommon complication that rarely occurs during Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Among the varied etiologies of AP, Drug-induced Pancreatitis (DIP) remains a rare entity and a rather c...
BACKGROUND: Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an uncommon complication that rarely occurs during Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Among the varied etiologies of AP, Drug-induced Pancreatitis (DIP) remains a rare entity and a rather challenging condition. A large panel of drugs have been reported to cause pancreatitis; however, there are no cases of tofacitinib-induced pancreatitis reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We have, herein, reported the case of a Tunisian 58-year-old woman with a four-year history of RA who experienced two episodes of AP; the first one occurred on the second day of a 3-day series of methylprednisolone intravenous injections, and the second episode occurred on the sixth-day of tofacitinib administration. Each time, she presented acute abdominal pain with characteristic radiation to the back. Symptoms resolved spontaneously once the suspected drug was discontinued. In the event of a negative investigation, including abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and assessment of albumin, calcemia, triglyceridemia, serum ferritin, and IgG4 levels, DIP was the most likely diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although DIP is still a rare condition, it remains serious with an increased risk of mortality. We intended to alert clinicians that in addition to the known side effects of tofacitinib, pancreatitis may be induced by this drug, especially in predisposed patients.
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir)-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity in Organ Transplant Recipients - A Review on Drug Interactions Involving CYP3A Enzymes.
Maideen NMP, Al Rashid S
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39234905 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is the first oral therapy approved by the US FDA to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Our current review focuses on clinical data related to tacrolimu...
BACKGROUND: Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is the first oral therapy approved by the US FDA to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Our current review focuses on clinical data related to tacrolimus toxicity induced by Paxlovid currently available. METHODS: A number of online databases, including LitCovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO host, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the reference lists were searched to identify articles related to Paxlovid-induced tacrolimus toxicity, using keywords, like drug interactions, Paxlovid, ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, tacrolimus, pharmacokinetic interactions, and CYP3A. RESULTS: Tacrolimus is a substrate of CYP3A enzymes and ritonavir of Paxlovid has been identified as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A enzymes. Hence, Paxlovid can inhibit the CYP3A-mediated metabolism of tacrolimus, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of tacrolimus and toxicity. CONCLUSION: A number of case reports and case series have been published to highlight the association of Paxlovid and tacrolimus toxicity in transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. Various recommendations have been proposed to prevent and mitigate the adverse events related to the DDI of Paxlovid and tacrolimus. Transplant physicians should be aware of this DDI and collaborate with clinical pharmacists on this issue.
Long-Term Use of Metformin and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Diabetes.
Hussain MS, Srivastava N, Singh G … +1 more , Kumar R
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39206482 · Publisher ↗
This extensive review delves into the complex relationship between prolonged use of metformin and the possible emergence of vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12D) in diabetic patients. Metformin, a pivotal element in diabetes ma...
This extensive review delves into the complex relationship between prolonged use of metformin and the possible emergence of vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12D) in diabetic patients. Metformin, a pivotal element in diabetes management, is constantly linked with decreased absorption of vitamin B12, prompting concerns about the enduring consequences of this interaction. The review systematically amalgamates current evidence, elucidating the prevalence, mechanisms, and clinical ramifications of VB12D induced by consistent consumption of metformin. Exploring the different pathways through which metformin might disrupt the absorption of Vitamin B12, the review encompasses interference with the calcium-dependent membrane activity and alterations of the microbiota present in the gut. A meticulous analysis of experimental studies and human trials is undertaken, accentuating the prevalence of variable VB12D among individuals on long-duration treatment of metformin across diverse populations and age groups. Clinical indications of cobalamin deficiency, spanning haematological abnormalities to neurological complications, are systematically examined. Furthermore, the review delves into the potential implications of cobalamin deficiency associated with metformin on diabetes-related complications and overall patient health. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the intricate interplay between the use of metformin and deficiency of vitamin B12 in diabetic patients, emphasizing the importance that lies in routine monitoring, early detection, and personalized interventions to optimize the long-period safety and efficiency of metformin in the treatment of diabetes. It also proposes future research directions to refine clinical guidelines and enhance the understanding regarding the correlation between diabetes, metformin, and vitamin B12.
Evaluating the Protective Effect of Melatonin on Atorvastatin-induced Mitochondrial Toxicity in Pancreatic Beta Cells.
Mehrzadi S, Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh A
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 39188214 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Atorvastatin and other statins belong to a category of cholesterollowering drugs, which may cause some damage to pancreatic cells despite their effectiveness. AIMS: The present study investigated the effects...
BACKGROUND: Atorvastatin and other statins belong to a category of cholesterollowering drugs, which may cause some damage to pancreatic cells despite their effectiveness. AIMS: The present study investigated the effects of melatonin against atorvastatin-induced toxicity on islets of Langerhans and CRI-D2 cells. METHODS: The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. The effect of various concentrations of melatonin (0,10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μM) on CRI-D2 cell viability was evaluated for 24 hours to determine the non-cytotoxic concentrations of melatonin. Additionally, cells were treated with different concentrations of atorvastatin (10, 100, and 150 ng/mL) for 24 hours to determine a concentration that could induce the maximum cell death. After selecting the appropriate concentrations for melatonin, cells were treated with atorvastatin (10, 100, and 150 ng/ml) and melatonin (10 and 100 μM) simultaneously for a period of 24 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were assessed as indicators of oxidative stress. To assess mitochondrial function, the ratio of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. RESULTS: Atorvastatin markedly raised ROS and MDA levels. This result was associated with a decrease in MMP, an increase in the ADP/ATP ratio, and a change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Atorvastatin (150 ng/mL)-induced mitochondrial damage was alleviated by concurrent melatonin and atorvastatin therapy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that melatonin has a protective effect against atorvastatininduced toxicity in the mitochondria of pancreatic cells.
Inhibitory Effects of Aspirin and Ibuprofen Overdose on Cholinesterase Activity: and Studies.
Saberi-Hasanabadi P, Dezfulynejad H, Mohammadi H
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39162283 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been reported that long-term use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) may have protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting the activity of cholines...
BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has been reported that long-term use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) may have protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase enzymes. The exact biological mechanism of these protective effects is not yet known. This study aims to assess the and effects of aspirin and ibuprofen injection on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 70 adult male mice (20-25 g) were divided randomly into 7 groups (n= 10) including a control group that received normal saline and other groups that received different dosages of aspirin and ibuprofen (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) in the form of intraperitoneal injection. Mice were anesthetized by ether, and blood samples were taken from the heart. Ellman´s methods were used to measure cholinesterase, erythrocytes, and serum, respectively. RESULTS: The activity of cholinesterase enzymes in serum and erythrocytes decreased significantly (P<0.0001) in treated groups with aspirin and ibuprofen compared to the control samples after 3 and 24 hours. However, these inhibitory effects were variable depending on the dose of the injected drugs, and they were statistically significant at higher injection doses and analysis. CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can inhibit the activity of the cholinesterase enzymes in both and conditions compared to the control group.
Methimazole-Induced Pancytopenia in a Patient with Graves' Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Concepcion-Zavaleta MJ, Quiroz-Aldave JE, Fabián KER … +4 more , Ildefonso-Najarro SP, Chavez KMM, Concepcion-Urteaga LA, Paz-Ibarra J
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39108011 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Methimazole is an antithyroid drug known to cause hematological toxicity, including agranulocytosis and, very rarely, pancytopenia. We herein present a case of a patient with Graves' Disease (GD) who develo...
INTRODUCTION: Methimazole is an antithyroid drug known to cause hematological toxicity, including agranulocytosis and, very rarely, pancytopenia. We herein present a case of a patient with Graves' Disease (GD) who developed methimazole-induced pancytopenia. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old Peruvian woman with GD, initially treated with methimazole 20 mg BID, experienced odynophagia, fever, and malaise after 37 days of treatment. The initial diagnosis was agranulocytosis, leading to the discontinuation of methimazole and initiation of antibiotics. Due to persistent neutropenia, a Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was administered. Eight days later, she developed pancytopenia and was managed with hematopoietic agents and platelet transfusions. The patient recovered with normalization of the blood count, eliminating the need for Bone Marrow (BM) examination. Radioiodine therapy was chosen as the definitive treatment, resulting in hypothyroidism. Currently, the patient is thyroidal and hematologically stable. CONCLUSION: Methimazole-induced pancytopenia is a rare and serious complication; however, with appropriate treatment, complete recovery can be achieved.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with L-Asparaginase Treatment in Children: Literature Review and Six Case Reports.
Perez MM, Belen LH, Pessoa A … +1 more , Avendano JF
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39075954 · Publisher ↗
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that shows targeted activity against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and similar lymphoid neoplasms by facilitating the breakdown of asparagine into L-aspartic acid, thereby redu...
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme that shows targeted activity against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and similar lymphoid neoplasms by facilitating the breakdown of asparagine into L-aspartic acid, thereby reducing L-asparagine levels in leukemic cells. However, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its associated toxicity, leading to complications, such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, fibrinolysis, hypersensitivity reactions, and the development of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). This review compiles documented cases of PRES linked to treating B and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children using L-ASNase. Although this pathology is rare, understanding its management is crucial within ASNase-based chemotherapy protocols. As PRES lacks a specific treatment, focusing on symptomatic management becomes pivotal. Therefore, comprehending the underlying causes during L-ASNase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is essential. Understanding the etiology and clinical symptoms of this illness is critical for early diagnosis and treatment. The cases of PRES described in this review include instances in which this syndrome has appeared after the administration of L-ASNase in children. In some cases, PRES developed during induction therapy, while in others, it occurred during the reinduction phase. These cases resolved days after discontinuation of L-ASNase. The findings suggest a close relationship between drug administration and the appearance of brain lesions, as evidenced by the disappearance or decrease of these lesions when the drug was eliminated from the bloodstream.
Navigating Drug-Drug Interactions in Multimorbid Patients: Utilizing Tools, Guidelines, and Clinical Implications.
Vashishat A, Islam MM, Gupta GD … +1 more , Kurmi BD
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39069808 · Publisher ↗
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A Systematic Review of the Impact of Benzimidazole-based Anthelmintics on Lung Cancer in Animal Models.
Garg A, Khan MA
Curr Drug Saf · 2025 · PMID 39021172 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Emerging studies have reported the potential anticancer activity of FDA-approved benzimidazole-based anthelmintics against lung cancer. Therefore, the current systematic review aimed to explore the anticancer...
BACKGROUND: Emerging studies have reported the potential anticancer activity of FDA-approved benzimidazole-based anthelmintics against lung cancer. Therefore, the current systematic review aimed to explore the anticancer activity of benzimidazole-based anthelmintics in lung cancer animal models. METHOD: The databases including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched till April 2024 for the animal studies evaluating the anticancer activity of benzimidazole-based anthelmintics against lung cancer. The relevant data was extracted in the prepared format in Microsoft Excel. Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias (RoB) was used to assess the quality of included studies. The protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42022352141). RESULTS: Initially, we obtained 4150 articles, and finally eight articles were included in the current study. The information in the included studies was a bit diversified including different benzimidazole- based anthelmintics, dosage, route of administration, and duration of experiments. However, all studies reported that exposure to benzimidazole-based anthelmintics decreased tumor size and tumor volume in animal models of lung cancer. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, benzimidazole-based anthelmintics have the potential to treat lung cancer. However, more controlled and thorough preclinical studies are required to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and mechanism of anticancer activities.
An Awareness of Pharmacovigilance Among Healthcare Professionals Due to an Underreporting of Adverse Drug Reactions Issue: A Systematic Review of the Current State, Obstacles, and Strategy.
Putri RA, Ikawati Z, Rahmawati F … +1 more , Yasin NM
Curr Drug Saf · 2024 · PMID 38989832 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals play an essential role in reporting adverse drug reactions as part of pharmacovigilance activities. However, adverse drug reactions reported by healthcare professionals remain low. OB...
BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals play an essential role in reporting adverse drug reactions as part of pharmacovigilance activities. However, adverse drug reactions reported by healthcare professionals remain low. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate healthcare professionals' knowledge, awareness, attitude, and practice on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, explore the causes of the underreporting issue, and provide improvement strategies. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted using four electronic databases for original papers, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scholar ID. Recent publications from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2022 were selected. The following terms were used in the search: "awareness", "knowledge", "adverse drug reaction", "pharmacovigilance", "healthcare professional", and "underreporting factor". Articles were chosen, extracted, and reviewed by the two authors. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were selected for systematic review. This review found that 24.8%-73.33% of healthcare professionals were unaware of the National Pharmacovigilance Center. Around 20%-95.7% of healthcare professionals have a positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, while 12%-60.8% of healthcare professionals have experience reporting any adverse drug reaction in their practice. The most frequently highlighted barriers to pharmacovigilance were a lack of awareness and knowledge regarding what, when, and to whom to report. CONCLUSION: Underreporting issues require immediate attention among healthcare professionals due to a lack of awareness and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting. Educational and training program interventions have been suggested by most studies to address these issues.
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