Reproduction In Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Involvement of miR-105-1, miR-152, Vinculin and α-Parvin in the Control of Porcine Ovarian Cell Functions. Do miRNAs and siRNAs Need a Transfection Reagent?
Sirotkin AV, Fabová Z, Loncová B … +3 more , Mondočková V, Omelka R, Harrath AH
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42132362 · Publisher ↗
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of miR-105-1, miR-152, vinculin (VCL) and α-parvin (PARVA) in the control of ovarian cell functions, and whether miRNAs and siRNAs could enter and affect cultured cell...
The aim of the present study was to examine the role of miR-105-1, miR-152, vinculin (VCL) and α-parvin (PARVA) in the control of ovarian cell functions, and whether miRNAs and siRNAs could enter and affect cultured cells with and without the application of carriers. For this purpose, we (1) examined the incorporation, expression and effect of the selected miRNAs (miR-105-1 and miR-152 mimics and antagonists) and siRNAs downregulating VCL and PARVA on cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells; and (2) compared the incorporation, expression, and effects of these miRNAs and siRNAs used without and with carriers (transfection reagent: Lipofectamine). The incorporation and expression of these RNAs, viability, proliferation, apoptosis and steroid hormone release of cells were analysed by immunocytochemistry, RT-qPCR, the alamarBlue test, BrdU incorporation, a DNA fragmentation (Cell Death Detection) kit and ELISA. The obtained results demonstrate (1) that miR-105-1, miR-152, VCL and PARVA can be stimulators of the main basic ovarian cell functions; (2) that miRNAs can be incorporated and expressed in ovarian cells and affect their functions without a carrier; and (3) that a carrier is not necessary for siRNA incorporation and expression but is necessary for their influence on ovarian cell functions.
Laparoscopic Embryo Transfer in Swine: An Effective Alternative to Traditional Open Surgery.
Baldassarre H, Currin LG, de Macedo MP … +9 more , Guay V, Facioli FL, Duffy R, Ojerio A, Socransky L, da Silva Z, Gutierrez K, Glanzner WG, Bordignon V
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42101464 · Full text
While embryo transfer (ET) has not yet been widely adopted in the commercial swine industry, it is an essential tool in biomedical research, including the creation of gene-edited pigs. Traditionally, ET in pigs is perfor...
While embryo transfer (ET) has not yet been widely adopted in the commercial swine industry, it is an essential tool in biomedical research, including the creation of gene-edited pigs. Traditionally, ET in pigs is performed by open surgery (laparotomy), an effective but invasive and time-consuming method associated with risks such as infection and herniation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a minimally invasive laparoscopic embryo transfer (LapET) method enabling ET into the oviduct using a sheep insemination device (Aspic, IMV Technologies, France). Seventeen gilts were synchronised with 17.6 mg altrenogest daily for 16 days, 10 mg dinoprost on D15, 1250 IU eCG on D16 and 1000 IU hCG on D19, followed by LapET on D21. Each gilt received an average of 160 embryos, transferred 24-48 h post-somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Under general anaesthesia, gilts were placed on a surgical table in a 30° incline Trendelenburg position. Three trocars were inserted to serve as ports for the laparoscope, a grasper and the Aspic pipette. The grasper served to expose the ovaries to confirm ovulation and to position the oviduct for embryo deposition. Following ET, the oviduct was released, instruments were removed and incisions were closed with surgical glue. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography, with 12 of 17 gilts (70.6%) diagnosed as pregnant, a success rate comparable to our recent laparotomy-based SCNT ETs into the oviduct (71.4%; 10 of 14). These results demonstrate that LapET is a viable, fast, minimally invasive and effective alternative to traditional open surgery ET in swine.
Dietary Protein Imbalance Impairs Sperm Morphology and Promotes Testicular Degeneration in Rams.
Siqueira Filho ER, Papa FO, Baldini PHO … +4 more , Ferro AOS, Alberti K, Troncarellli T, Monteiro GA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42077166 · Publisher ↗
Reproductive efficiency is a primary determinant of profitability in ruminant production, with male fertility being a critical factor for genetic progress and herd productivity. While nutritional management is a central...
Reproductive efficiency is a primary determinant of profitability in ruminant production, with male fertility being a critical factor for genetic progress and herd productivity. While nutritional management is a central component in modulating reproductive capacity, the effects of excessive dietary protein on testicular function remain incompletely elucidated. This study evaluated the impact of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on reproductive and metabolic parameters in rams. Twenty-eight Santa Inês rams were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7) and fed for 120 days with isoenergetic diets containing distinct CP levels: control (13.4%), hypoproteic (11.4%), hyperproteic I (17.5%) and hyperproteic II (22.4%). Periodic evaluations of body parameters, sperm kinetics and morphology, testicular ultrasonography, testicular cytology and hormonal profiles were conducted. Diets did not influence body weight or sperm motility (p > 0.05). However, variations in testicular echogenicity were observed (p < 0.05), and rams fed hyperproteic diets showed a progressive and marked increase in total sperm defects, exceeding 29.5% on day 80 (p < 0.05) compared with the control group (12.86%). Cytological analysis confirmed the presence of multinucleated giant cells and testicular degenerative changes from day 40 onwards in the hyperproteic groups. In conclusion, diets containing 17.5% and 22.4% CP are detrimental to sperm morphology and testicular integrity in rams, even in the absence of changes in body weight or detectable ultrasonographic alterations. The diet with 13.4% CP proved more suitable for maintaining testicular function and reproductive health.
Nano-Encapsulated Vitamin E Enhances Cryo-Resistance of Stallion Spermatozoa: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Sperm Quality, Kinematic Parameters, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota and Ultrastructure.
Khalil WA, Mostafa HE, Derbala MK … +3 more , Hassan MAE, Abdelnour SA, El-Harairy MA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42059113 · Publisher ↗
This experiment explores the comparative ability of vitamin E (VE) and its nano-emulsion (VEN) in enhancing cryo-resistance of stallion spermatozoa by examining semen quality, kinematic variables, acrosome integrity, apo...
This experiment explores the comparative ability of vitamin E (VE) and its nano-emulsion (VEN) in enhancing cryo-resistance of stallion spermatozoa by examining semen quality, kinematic variables, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, ultra-structural alterations and microbiota of cryopreserved stallion sperm. Semen from five stallions (8-10 years) was cryopreserved with 0.1 or 1 mM of VE or VEN; and a non-additive group served as the control. The VEN particles ranged in size from 72 to 172 nm, with a mean diameter of 287 nm. Supplementation with VE (1 mM) or VEN (0.1 or 1 mM) significantly enhanced progressive motility and viability during both the equilibration (for 30 min at 4°C) and post-thaw phases compared to the control (p < 0.05). Plasma membrane functionality was superior in all treated groups compared to control group (p < 0.001). Post-thaw sperm kinematic parameters and acrosome integrity were significantly enhanced in VEN treatment compared to VE and control groups. VEN (1 mM) notably improved antioxidant defences, specifically increasing TAC and catalase levels (p < 0.01) and a significant reduction in oxidative stress (NO, MDA and HO) in all treated semen samples (p < 0.01). VEN (1 mM) significantly reduced the proportion of apoptotic sperm (p < 0.01), increased viable sperm counts and the preservation of sperm ultrastructural integrity, as evidenced by intact acrosome and plasma membranes. VE and VEN treatments markedly lowered the total bacterial and coliform counts. Overall, supplementation with VEN (0.1 and 1 mM) effectively optimizes post-thaw stallion sperm quality by enhancing antioxidant defences and reducing the seminal microbiota.
The Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Ss52050737 in Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor Gene on Some Reproductive Traits in Friesian Cows.
Youssef SS, Abbas EAE, Sosa ASA … +5 more , Hasanain MH, Ibrahim S, El-Sokary MMM, Nawito MF, Mahmoud KGM
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42059105 · Publisher ↗
The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene is potentially a useful genetic marker for cattle reproductive status. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the LHCGR gene's ss52050737 polymorphi...
The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene is potentially a useful genetic marker for cattle reproductive status. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the LHCGR gene's ss52050737 polymorphism on age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), and ovarian status using the TaqMan PCR assay. AFC was categorized into 25-34 and 35-45 months, while CI was grouped into 330-410 and 411-800 days. Ovarian status was classified as active or inactive ovaries. Blood samples were collected from cows using EDTA-containing vacutainer tubes and stored at -20°C until DNA extraction and analysis. Three genotypes (GG, GT, and TT) were identified for the LHCGR gene SNP (ss52050737). The homozygous GG genotype was more frequent in cows with a CI of 330-410 days, and the genotype distribution showed a statistically significant association (p = 0.018) in cows with CI 330-410 and 411-800 days. On the other hand, the GG genotype was not significantly different in relation to AFC and ovarian status (active or inactive). These findings suggest that the ss52050737 polymorphism of the LHCGR gene has an impact on calving interval, and the G allele is associated with the CI of 330-410 days.
Overcoming Cryopreservation Challenges in Mammalian Sperm: Strategies for Mitigating Cryoinjuries.
Larbi A, Li C, Bouabid B … +2 more , Wu G, Quan G
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 May · PMID 42047483 · Publisher ↗
Cryopreservation is a critical tool in the livestock industry, particularly for disseminating genetic materials and establishing sperm banks to preserve species. Developing a successful semen storage procedure is essenti...
Cryopreservation is a critical tool in the livestock industry, particularly for disseminating genetic materials and establishing sperm banks to preserve species. Developing a successful semen storage procedure is essential to minimize the negative effects caused by the cryopreservation process. Mammalian sperm are highly susceptible to cryoinjury and primarily inflicted during the freezing and thawing processes when extracellular water freezes and intracellular water is lost, negatively impacting sperm quality parameters and fertility. Cryoinjuries generally cause irreversible damage to sperm structure and function. Currently, various cryopreservation measures, such as selection of cryoprotectants and optimization of freezing and thawing processes, are employed to reduce sperm cryoinjuries and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cryodamage. However, the exact nature of sperm cryoinjury remains largely unclear. This review discusses the current understanding of sperm cryodamage induced by the cryopreservation process, factors influencing sperm susceptibility to cryoinjury, the impacts of cryopreservation on proteins, metabolites, lipids, and RNAs. As one of the important measures to mitigate sperm cryoinjuries, the application of antioxidants is becoming increasingly important. So, the effects of antioxidants on post-thaw sperm quality are reviewed here.
Correction to 'Effects of the Deslorelin Slow-Release Implant (DSRI) on the Endocrine and Germinative Testicular Function in Tomcats'.
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 42017930 · Publisher ↗
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Comparison of Egg Yolk and Gum Arabic Extenders With Microencapsulation and α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation for Canine Semen Cryopreservation.
Mandhale S, Gupta M, Korde JP … +6 more , Bahiram KB, Bonde SW, Patil M, Rathod R, Kokate P, Gade NE
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 42017831 · Publisher ↗
Cryopreservation is an essential component of assisted reproductive technologies in dogs. However, post-thaw semen quality is often compromised by cryo-induced oxidative stress, membrane disruption, and DNA damage, which...
Cryopreservation is an essential component of assisted reproductive technologies in dogs. However, post-thaw semen quality is often compromised by cryo-induced oxidative stress, membrane disruption, and DNA damage, which ultimately reduce fertility outcomes. Conventional egg yolk (EY)-based extenders provide partial protection during freezing but pose biosecurity rick and exhibit batch-to-batch variability. Gum arabic (GA), a plant-derived polysaccharide with cryoprotective and antioxidant properties, has emerged as a potential alternative. The present study evaluated the comparative efficacy of EY and GA extenders, with and without microencapsulation and α-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation, on post-thaw semen quality in dogs. Semen was collected from six sexually mature Labrador retrievers, with three ejaculates obtained from each dog. Semen samples were cryopreserved in straws under three treatment conditions: extender alone (Treatment 1), extender with microencapsulation (Treatment 2), and extender with microencapsulation plus ALA (Treatment 3). Post-thaw evaluation included sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), DNA fragmentation index (DFI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results indicated that microencapsulation and ALA supplementation improved several post-thaw sperm quality parameters. Treatment 3 showed the highest values of sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, MMP, and total antioxidant capacity in both extenders. Sperm motility and DFI did not differ significantly among treatments, although numerically lower DFI values were observed in GA-based treatments. In conclusion, the combined use of GA extender, sperm microencapsulation, and ALA supplementation may enhance the preservation of canine sperm functional integrity during cryopreservation. Further studies evaluating fertility outcomes are required to confirm the practical applicability of these approaches in canine reproductive technologies.
Effects of Type of Extender and Freezing Method on Bovine Semen Post-Thawed Quality Characteristics and Bacterial Contamination.
Ataei-Nazari S, Ďuračka M, Benko F … +3 more , Kačániová M, Ivanič P, Tvrdá E
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 42017815 · Publisher ↗
Despite the considerable improvement in sperm cryopreservation regarding the procedures and cryoprotectants, the post-thawed semen quality characteristics still are far lower than the fresh semen sample. The current stud...
Despite the considerable improvement in sperm cryopreservation regarding the procedures and cryoprotectants, the post-thawed semen quality characteristics still are far lower than the fresh semen sample. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of two semen extenders including ANDROMED (soy lecithin-based) and TRILADYL CSS (egg yolk-based) in combination with manual and automatic freezing programs on preserving post-thawed Bovine semen quality characteristics and bacterial contamination. The semen samples were cryopreserved via manual and automatic freezing using different extenders after passing the initial quality examination. Sperm quality characteristics and bacterial contamination were evaluated in fresh and post-thawed semen samples. The results demonstrated that regardless of the freezing program, the egg yolk-based extender is superior in preserving semen quality characteristics during cryopreservation; however, the post-thawed semen bacterial contamination was higher in semen samples extended in egg yolk-based extender (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the semen post-thawing quality characteristics were significantly higher in automatic compared to manual freezing (p < 0.0001). Regarding the interaction effects, the semen samples diluted with egg yolk-based extender and frozen via automatic freezing showed the highest post-thawing quality characteristics highlighting the higher suitability of egg yolk versus soy lecithin-based semen extender and also automatic versus manual freezing in preserving sperm quality characteristics during cryopreservation. The results of the current work demonstrate that using egg yolk-based extender in combination with automatic freezing can be acquired to preserve sperm quality during cryopreservation, whereas soy lecithin-based extender in combination with automatic freezing procedure can be used to control bacterial contamination if sperm quality characteristics are suitably qualified. However, research is needed to evaluate the competence of sperm cells from current treatments on oocyte fertility, conception, and pregnancy rates.
Constraints on Artificial Insemination Efficiency and Dairy Cattle Productivity in Smallholder Systems in Selected Districts of South Wollo, Ethiopia.
Diffe Z
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 42011077 · Publisher ↗
Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa; however, its dairy productivity remains critically low. Artificial insemination (AI) is a key technology for genetic improvement, but its efficiency and co...
Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa; however, its dairy productivity remains critically low. Artificial insemination (AI) is a key technology for genetic improvement, but its efficiency and constraints within the smallholder systems of specific regions like South Wollo are not well documented. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to evaluate AI efficiency and reproductive outcomes, combining cross-sectional surveys of 384 smallholder farms with a five-year retrospective analysis (2019-2023) of AI and reproductive records from three districts: Legambo, Tenta, and Mekdela. The mean conception rate was 58.7%, with significant district-level variation. Crossbred cattle performed better than local Zebu, showing earlier age at first calving (40.7 vs. 52.3 months) and shorter calving intervals (13.8 vs. 16.5 months). Reproductive performance was superior in highland agro-ecology compared to midland areas, evidenced by higher conception rates (52.4% vs. 42.9%) and shorter calving intervals, which were attributed to longer green feed availability. Logistic regression identified body condition score (OR = 2.34) as the strongest positive predictor of conception, while concurrent disease (OR = 0.31) and poor semen storage (OR = 0.38) were key negative predictors. The major constraints identified were technician skill gaps, geographical inaccessibility (> 72% of farmers lived > 5 km from an AI centre), and poor farmer knowledge of oestrus detection. In conclusion, while crossbreeding through AI holds great promise, its success is fundamentally constrained by managerial and infrastructural limitations. Therefore, a holistic strategy that integrates improved nutrition, reliable AI service delivery, and comprehensive farmer training is imperative to unlock the full genetic potential and enhance dairy productivity in smallholder systems of Ethiopia.
A Reversal of Heat Stress-Induced Impairments in Boar Endocrine and Reproductive Function by Complex Liposomal Vitamin, Zinc Gluconate, and Betaine Supplementation.
Ivanickij I, Sharan M, Bartlewski J … +1 more , Bartlewski PM
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 42003767 · Publisher ↗
Rising global temperatures are increasing the risk of heat stress (HS), with breeding boars being particularly vulnerable due to the high sensitivity of testicular function to elevated temperatures and oxidative stress....
Rising global temperatures are increasing the risk of heat stress (HS), with breeding boars being particularly vulnerable due to the high sensitivity of testicular function to elevated temperatures and oxidative stress. This pilot study evaluated whether a complex liposomal preparation containing vitamins A, D, E, and C, zinc gluconate, and betaine could mitigate HS-induced impairments in boar endocrine function and semen quality. Nine clinically healthy boars (Landrace, Piétrain, and Maxter; n = 3 each; 2-4 years old) were studied across three consecutive stages: euthermic conditions (17°C-23°C), experimentally induced HS (25°C-30°C; 75%-85% relative humidity), and HS with dietary supplementation (20 mL/day of liposomal emulsion). At the end of each stage, cortisol and thyroxine (plasma), testosterone (circulating and seminal), sperm kinematics, and antioxidant enzyme activity in ejaculates were evaluated. Heat stress significantly increased circulating cortisol (+45.9%) and thyroxine (+15.5%), while reducing testosterone concentrations in blood (-21.7%) and seminal plasma (-52.2%). It also decreased total sperm number (-26.8%), progressive motility (-14.2%), and most kinematic parameters (p < 0.05). Supplementation restored testosterone levels in blood and seminal plasma, and reduced blood cortisol and thyroxine concentrations (p < 0.05). Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm count increased by +18.0%, +26.8%, and + 53.4%, respectively (p < 0.05), while motility and kinematic parameters improved significantly. Antioxidant defences also rebounded, with glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities increasing by 61.4% and 29.8%, respectively (p < 0.05). Most parameters analysed returned to baseline ranges, with several exceeding the values observed under euthermic conditions. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a complex liposomal preparation containing vitamins (A, D, E, and C), zinc gluconate, and betaine effectively reversed the adverse effects of induced moderate HS on endocrine and reproductive function in boars, underscoring its potential as a valid strategy for maintaining or even boosting male fertility under thermal stress.
Endocrine Disruptive Effects of the Herbicides Linuron, Chloridazon and Metribuzin on Bovine Granulosa Cells.
Kahveci ME, Yigit AA, Kabakci R
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 41987673 · Full text
Linuron, chloridazon and metribuzin are herbicides thought to have potential endocrine disruption (ED) effects. This study investigated the effects of linuron, chloridazon and metribuzin on bovine granulosa cell viabilit...
Linuron, chloridazon and metribuzin are herbicides thought to have potential endocrine disruption (ED) effects. This study investigated the effects of linuron, chloridazon and metribuzin on bovine granulosa cell viability and oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) secretion in vitro. Cells were exposed to 10, 50 and 250 μM linuron; 10, 100 and 1000 μM chloridazon, and 25, 250 and 2500 μM metribuzin for 48 and 96 h. At both time points, linuron had no effect on cell viability, whereas chloridazon and metribuzin decreased viability at the highest doses. E2 and P4 release decreased at 96 h in all groups, with significant differences observed at the highest doses (250 μM linuron, 1000 μM chloridazon and 2500 μM metribuzin). The study demonstrated that chloridazon and metribuzin exerted cytotoxic effects at the highest concentrations and that all three herbicides disrupted E2 and P4 secretion in a time-by-dose dependent manner. The results of this study may serve to raise awareness of the endocrine-disrupting effects of herbicides and to promote the consideration of alternatives for use that do not harm animal and human health.
Expressions of Kisspeptin System and Ki-67 in the Reproductive Tissues of Cyclic Bitches.
Korkmaz Ağaoğlu Ö, Ağaoğlu AR, Özmen Ö … +2 more , Bozkurt G, Taşan Ş
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 41983751 · Full text
Kisspeptin is a peptide that plays a pivotal role in the central regulation of gonadotropins. It is regarded as a key regulator of reproductive processes, including follicular and luteal development and endometrial remod...
Kisspeptin is a peptide that plays a pivotal role in the central regulation of gonadotropins. It is regarded as a key regulator of reproductive processes, including follicular and luteal development and endometrial remodelling. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of KISS1, its receptor KISS1R and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the uterus, oviduct and ovary of bitches at different stages of the oestrous cycle using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Thirty-five healthy female dogs were divided into five groups based on reproductive stage as follows: anestrus, proestrus, estrus, diestrus and prepubertal. Each group consisted of an equal number of animals (n = 7). KISS1 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in estrus, while KISS1R mRNA expression remained consistently low across all tissues. Ki-67 mRNA expression increased significantly in the uterus during estrus, whereas the highest levels in the oviduct and ovary were observed in anestrus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in KISS1 expression in the endometrium during estrus, accompanied by elevated Ki-67 positivity in the uterus, oviduct and ovary, particularly in glandular epithelial and luteal cells. Conversely, KISS1R protein showed strong localisation during estrus despite low transcript levels, suggesting possible post-transcriptional regulation. The synchronised upregulation of KISS1 and Ki-67 in the endometrium during estrus supports their coordinated roles in endometrial proliferation and remodelling. These findings emphasise the significance of local kisspeptin signalling in canine reproductive tissues and suggest its contribution to tissue adaptations during the estrous cycle. The results provide new insights into the peripheral functions of the kisspeptin system and highlight its potential as a target for improving reproductive management in bitches.
Assessing Long-Term Changes in Endometrial Morphology and Functionality in Dairy Cows With Metritis.
Rashid MH, Pereira AM, Pereira FNS … +10 more , Costa MCO, Santos EF, Christensen L, Sexton JA, Ciccarelli M, Williams LB, Binelli M, Waqas MS, de Oliveira EB, Figueiredo CC
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 41983694 · Full text
This study evaluated the long-term impact of metritis on endometrial morphology and functionality in dairy cows. Postpartum Holstein cows (n = 107) were enrolled in a cohort study at the University of Idaho Dairy Center....
This study evaluated the long-term impact of metritis on endometrial morphology and functionality in dairy cows. Postpartum Holstein cows (n = 107) were enrolled in a cohort study at the University of Idaho Dairy Center. Metritis was diagnosed using a Metricheck device within 12 days in milk (DIM) based on the presence of fetid, watery, reddish-brown vaginal discharge (VD). Cows diagnosed with metritis (MET; n = 9) were treated with ceftiofur crystalline free acid and paired with cows without metritis (NoMET; n = 9) of similar parity and DIM. Ovulation was synchronized using a Double Ovsynch protocol starting at 35 DIM, and ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonography. To eliminate confounding effects of semen or conceptus-derived signals, cows were not inseminated. Six days after ovulation (68-75 DIM), endometrial biopsy and cytology samples were collected. Endometrial morphology was assessed by histological evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Endometrial transcriptomic profiles were determined by RNA sequencing from tissues collected via biopsy, and uterine fluid collected during cytology was analysed using metabolomic profiling. Differential gene expression was assessed using DESeq2, and metabolomic differences were evaluated using partial least squares discriminant analysis and PERMANOVA. Cows with metritis exhibited a numerically greater prevalence of periglandular fibrosis (63%; 95% Exact Binomial Confidence Interval [CI] = 25-92) compared with NoMET cows (44%; 95% CI = 14-79). Transcriptomic analysis identified 17 differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.10; |log2 fold change| > 1), including upregulation of genes associated with tissue repair in MET cows. No differences were detected in uterine fluid metabolomic profiles between groups. In conclusion, metritis was associated with persistent alterations in endometrial morphology and gene expression that were detectable months after clinical resolution, although these changes were not reflected in the uterine fluid metabolome.
Fetal Sex Determination in Dromedary Camels in the First Trimester Using Trans-Rectal Ultrasonography.
Nasef M
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 41952546 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluated the efficacy of transrectal ultrasonography for early fetal sex determination in dromedary camels by identifying the location of the genital tubercle (GT) relative to the tail head and the abdominal...
This study evaluated the efficacy of transrectal ultrasonography for early fetal sex determination in dromedary camels by identifying the location of the genital tubercle (GT) relative to the tail head and the abdominal insertion of the umbilical cord. A total of 473 examinations were performed between 55 and 85 days of gestation on 159 female dromedary camels. Overall feasibility of visualising the GT was 86.5%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 90% for feasible cases. Gestational age was the most significant factor affecting accuracy, with significantly lower accuracy before 65 days. The optimal window for reliable determination was between 65 and 80 days, with accuracy peaking at 96.9% between 70 and 74 days of gestation. Dam parity and breed had no significant effect on accuracy. The findings confirm that transrectal ultrasonography is a highly accurate and practical tool for fetal sexing in camels in the first trimester, offering valuable information for commercial herd management when performed within the defined optimal timeframe.
Electrophoretic Profiles of Alpaca Seminal Plasma Proteins and Their Association With Sperm Quality Parameters During Cryopreservation Processes.
Palomino CYG, Lengua FRM, Huamani MC … +5 more , Carretero MI, Alfonso FLR, Berrocal HRO, Rua KRC, López WH
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Apr · PMID 41877460 · Publisher ↗
The aim of the study was to characterize the electrophoretic profiles of alpaca seminal plasma (SP) proteins and establish their association with sperm quality parameters at different cryopreservation stages. Sperm quali...
The aim of the study was to characterize the electrophoretic profiles of alpaca seminal plasma (SP) proteins and establish their association with sperm quality parameters at different cryopreservation stages. Sperm quality was assessed in raw, cooled, and thawed semen from 128 ejaculates collected from 16 Huacaya alpacas, and SP proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE in raw samples. Statistical associations were determined using Spearman's rank correlation (p ≤ 0.05). Twenty-three protein bands were identified: 21 bands ranging from 9.23 to 138.38 kDa, and 2 below 6.5 kDa. Notably, the 21.03 kDa protein was absent in six males, five of whom also lacked the 18.88 kDa band. These individuals exhibited superior post-thaw sperm quality, particularly higher motility. The 21.03 kDa protein showed a negative correlation (p ≤ 0.05) with sperm motility and membrane function in raw, cooled, and thawed semen, and a positive correlation with acrosome integrity in thawed semen. Similarly, the 18.88 kDa protein showed a negative correlation with sperm motility and membrane function, but a positive correlation with acrosome integrity in thawed semen (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that specific SP proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for sperm quality and cryotolerance in alpacas, reflecting individual variability in response to cryopreservation.
Conditional Antioxidant Protection of Stallion Spermatozoa by Butylated Hydroxytoluene Under Induced Oxidative Stress.
de Araujo EAB, Papa FO, de Oliveira Baldini PH … +6 more , de Paula Freitas-Dell'Aqua C, de Oliveira SN, Silva LFMC, Junior LRPA, Rodrigues LT, Monteiro GA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Mar · PMID 41854126 · Publisher ↗
Despite advances in the method, equine semen cryopreservation still leads to a marked decline in sperm quality, partly attributed to oxidative stress, which motivates the search for lipophilic antioxidants capable of sta...
Despite advances in the method, equine semen cryopreservation still leads to a marked decline in sperm quality, partly attributed to oxidative stress, which motivates the search for lipophilic antioxidants capable of stabilizing the plasma membrane during cooling and freezing. This study performed three experiments to evaluate butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as an additive to commercial skim milk-based (Botu-Sêmen) and egg yolk-based (Botu-Crio) extenders. In Experiment 1, a dose-response curve (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) was performed using stallion semen to assess toxicity and establish a safe concentration by analysing sperm kinetics (CASA) and membrane integrity immediately after dilution and after 24 h at 5°C. In Experiment 2, BHT at 0.5 mM was tested in standardized cooling (24 h at 5°C) and freezing protocols. Stallions were classified as Good/Bad Coolers and Good/Bad Freezers, and sperm kinetics (CASA), plasma membrane integrity assessed by epifluorescence microscopy (CFDA/PI), and plasma/acrosomal integrity and oxidative stress markers assessed by flow cytometry were evaluated. In Experiment 3, spermatozoa were exposed to an oxidative challenge with arachidonic acid (50 μM for 15 min at 37°C) to elucidate the mechanism of action of BHT. BHT at 0.5 mM was pharmacologically safe; however, it did not improve cryotolerance or reduce basal oxidative stress in commercial cooling and freezing protocols (p > 0.05). Under oxidative challenge, BHT markedly reduced lipid peroxidation and intracellular reactive oxygen species production (p < 0.05), indicating a conditional protective effect dependent on oxidative imbalance and impaired antioxidant defences. These findings suggest that BHT acts as an antioxidant primarily under critically increased ROS generation, but does not enhance the performance of commercial cryopreservation when procedures already operate within optimal conditions.
Probiotic Supplementation as an Alternative to Antibiotics in Bovine Sperm Cryopreservation: Effects on Motility, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
Ömür AD, Çelebi D, Akarsu SA … +9 more , Apaydin Yildirim B, Uçak G, Acisu TC, Aydin MA, Başer S, Çelebi Ö, Koca RH, Arkali G, Hussain T
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Mar · PMID 41853987 · Full text
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on bovine sperm cryopreservation by assessing post-thaw spermatological and biochemical parameters. Twenty-four ejaculations were collected from four...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on bovine sperm cryopreservation by assessing post-thaw spermatological and biochemical parameters. Twenty-four ejaculations were collected from four Simmental bulls using the artificial vagina method. Ejaculates exhibiting over 70% motility were pooled to eliminate individual variations and allocated into five experimental groups: antibiotic-free control group, antibiotic group, LA, BL and LR groups, respectively. Three probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL), were incorporated into a Tris egg yolk-based semen extender at a concentration of 10 CFU/mL. Following dilution, samples were equilibrated and subsequently stored in liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw evaluations were conducted for sperm motility and kinematic parameters using CASA, hypo-osmotic swelling test, fluorescent staining for chromatin integrity, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers. Additionally, apoptosis and metabolism related proteins were quantified by ELISA. The results exhibited that probiotic treated groups had significantly higher total and progressive motility as compared with controls (p < 0.001). In comparison with the control group, BL supplementation showed significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, along with lowered TGF-β and Caspase-3 levels, indicating attenuated oxidative stress and apoptotic signalling (p < 0.001). In contrast with the control group, LR supplementation resulted in elevated MDA and apoptosis-related markers, suggesting strain specific pro-oxidative effects (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences observed in STAR or ATP synthase levels across the treatments. Altogether, the results exhibited that strains of probiotics, particularly BL, have the potential to serve as an alternative to antibiotics in bovine semen cryopreservation. Nevertheless, strain-dependent responses and limitations, especially with respect to DNA integrity, require further investigation.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Marker for Castration Status and Fertility in Bulls and Oxen.
Gilg D, Otzdorff C, Zablotski Y … +2 more , Zerbe H, Walter B
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Mar · PMID 41841739 · Full text
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been established as an indicator of castration status and fertility in several species. However, its applicability in postpubertal bulls and oxen has not yet been thoroughly investigated....
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been established as an indicator of castration status and fertility in several species. However, its applicability in postpubertal bulls and oxen has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study examined 73 bulls aged between 12 and 107 months and 37 oxen older than 12 months. Blood serum samples were collected from all animals for AMH measurement using a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay. Additionally, testosterone concentrations were assessed in 32 oxen and 71 bulls using mass spectrometry. In bulls, correlations between AMH levels and sperm concentration, motility and morphology were analysed. The AMH concentration in oxen (median: 0.01 ng/mL) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in bulls (median: 4.69 ng/mL). While reduced sperm motility had a significant impact on the AMH concentration (p = 0.02), this was not the case for sperm morphology (p = 0.31). In addition, in bulls with normal semen parameters, AMH concentration showed a negative correlation with age (p = 0.01). In conclusion, AMH (≤ 0.01 ng/mL) serves as a reliable marker for distinguishing oxen from bulls, even in older animals. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating AMH as a fertility-associated biomarker in postpubertal bulls.
Progesterone Induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Bovine Granulosa Cell Line.
Stassi AF, Cattaneo Moreyra ML, Cainelli S … +7 more , Renna MS, Chiaraviglio JA, Rodriguez FM, Baravalle ME, Ortega HH, Salvetti NR, Rey F
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Mar · PMID 41808656 · Publisher ↗
In cattle, low progesterone (P4) concentrations have been linked to anovulation. To study the local effects of P4 on granulosa cells, in the present study we aimed: (a) to characterise the expression of receptors (proges...
In cattle, low progesterone (P4) concentrations have been linked to anovulation. To study the local effects of P4 on granulosa cells, in the present study we aimed: (a) to characterise the expression of receptors (progesterone receptor (PR), oestrogen receptors α and β (ERα and β), FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR)), as well as the co-expression of PR and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and a cytochrome P450 aromatase A1 (CYP19A1), in a bovine granulosa cell line (BGC-1) sensitive to P4 stimuli; and (b) to evaluate the effects of P4 on cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in BGC-1 cells after 12, 24 and 48 h of stimulation. BGC-1 cells expressed CYP19A1, as well as ERα and β, PR, FSHR and LHR. The mean fluorescence intensity of STAT5 and PR and the percentage of simple and double-positive cells (STAT5/PR) were lower in control cells than in P4-stimulated cells after 12, 24, and 48 h of stimulation. Regarding the effects of P4 on cell viability, after 12, 24, and 48 h of stimulation, the percentage of living cells was high and the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells was low. Finally, BGC-1 cells responded to P4 stimulation by stimulating ROS production, without inducing damage. These results support the potential use of P4-stimulated BCG-1 cells to study the mechanisms underlying follicular persistence in cows.
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