Reproduction In Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effects of Betaine on m6A Methylation, AMPK Signalling and Cytoplasmic Maturation in Porcine Oocytes.
Yan X, Wang Y, Wang Y … +5 more , Jia R, Li S, Chen M, Shi D, Lu F
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41532950 · Publisher ↗
In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is crucial in livestock breeding. Oocytes obtained by IVM are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in vivo, leading to low maturation rates. Betaine from red beetroot acts as an...
In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is crucial in livestock breeding. Oocytes obtained by IVM are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in vivo, leading to low maturation rates. Betaine from red beetroot acts as an antioxidant and methyl donor, regulating epigenetic modifications in cell physiology. This study investigates Betaine's effects on porcine oocyte IVM, embryo development and underlying molecular mechanisms. Results demonstrate that 16 mmol/L Betaine significantly enhances the first polar body extrusion, cleavage and blastocyst rates compared to the control and other concentrations. Betaine elevates normal cortical granule distribution, normal spindle assembly, normal chromosome arrangement and overall m6A levels during IVM. It increases the antioxidant gene expression and mitochondrial function and decreases reactive oxygen species levels. However, Betaine's beneficial effects were diminished by AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, Betaine enhances porcine oocyte IVM and early embryo development by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function pathway.
Effect of LPS on In Vitro Embryo Development in Bubalus bubalis: A Model for Studying Inflammatory Pathways.
Jinagal S, Dutt R, Sharma M … +10 more , Punetha M, Yadav U, Bansal KN, Saini S, Thakur S, Chaudhary S, Kumar P, Yadav PS, Datta TK, Kumar D
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41527787 · Publisher ↗
Reproductive efficiency and female fertility are crucial for productive and sustainable reproductive outcomes in buffalo. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gram-negative bacteria initiates a series of inflam...
Reproductive efficiency and female fertility are crucial for productive and sustainable reproductive outcomes in buffalo. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by Gram-negative bacteria initiates a series of inflammatory cascade events which affect ovarian steroid production, impact oocyte and ultimately hamper the developmental competence of the embryo. The objective of the current study was designed taking endometritis as an in vitro model to elucidate the molecular pathway through which LPS affects embryo competence. To achieve this objective, buffalo ovaries were procured from a nearby slaughterhouse and oocytes were aspirated via the follicular aspiration method with an 18-gauge needle fitted with a 10 mL syringe. After searching and washing, good quality (A and B grade) oocytes were subjected to IVM, IVF and subsequently IVC, with media supplemented with 5 μg/mL of LPS based on previous laboratory standardisation. Our results demonstrate that LPS exposure reduced cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, total cell count, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), trophectoderm: inner cell mass (TE: ICM) ratio while significantly (p < 0.05) increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptotic rate in blastocysts. Furthermore, LPS exposure significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the relative mRNA expression of inflammatory (TLR4, CD14, RPS27A) and apoptotic gene (Caspase 3) whereas it downregulated the expression of antioxidant (GPX1) and pluripotent gene (Oct4) in blastocysts. Based on these findings, we concluded that although a concentration of 5 μg/mL LPS is minimally harmful to the oocytes, its presence during IVC adversely affects embryonic development.
The Role of Anethole in Reproductive Physiology and In Vitro Biotechnologies-A Review.
da Conceição-Santos AL, de Figueiredo JR
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41527773 · Full text
In vitro reproductive biotechnologies show promise for fertility preservation but still face challenges, including oxidative stress from high oxygen tension, which impairs cell viability and development. Antioxidants hav...
In vitro reproductive biotechnologies show promise for fertility preservation but still face challenges, including oxidative stress from high oxygen tension, which impairs cell viability and development. Antioxidants have been widely explored to attenuate oxidative stress during culture. Among them, anethole, a plant-derived phenylpropanoid, stands out for its promising properties. This review explores the mechanisms and applications of anethole in reproductive physiology and its potential to enhance in vitro reproductive systems. Findings indicate that anethole modulates key pathways and may improve outcomes in in vitro follicle culture, oocyte in vitro maturation and in vitro embryo culture. These insights support future research and the strategic inclusion of anethole in reproductive biotechnology protocols.
Impotentia Generandi and Testicular Degeneration in Male Dromedary Camels: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines and Proapoptotic Protein in the Induction of Testicular Degeneration and Their Association With Clinical Findings and Semen Characteristics.
Amin YA, Nour AHM, Mohamed RH
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41524546 · Publisher ↗
Impotentia generandi (IG) is a significant infertility problem in male camels. The objective of this research was to investigate the histopathological changes, DNA damage and inflammatory cytokine expression of interleuk...
Impotentia generandi (IG) is a significant infertility problem in male camels. The objective of this research was to investigate the histopathological changes, DNA damage and inflammatory cytokine expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX), in testicular degeneration (TD) in IG male camels and their association with clinical findings and semen characteristics. The study included 15 male camels with IG (IG group) and 15 fertile camels (FERT group). Semen collection and evaluation were performed on the epididymal sperm of all selected males. Blood samples for testosterone (T) evaluation and tissue samples for histological investigation were collected. Histo-fluorescent staining was used to investigate DNA damage, and immunohistochemical investigations of TNF-α, IL-6 and BAX proteins were conducted on testicular tissue. Results showed that testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in the IG group compared to the FERT group. Additionally, significant differences were observed in sperm motility, viability and concentration between the two groups. Histological examination revealed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules (STs), disruption and disorganisation of the germinal epithelium and a significant decrease in epithelial thickness and ST diameter. Histochemical inspection showed high fibrosis and severe DNA damage. Furthermore, significant positive reactions to IL-6, TNF-α and BAX proteins were observed in the testicular tissue of the IG group compared to the FERT group. In conclusion, IG in male dromedary camels manifests as TD, initiated by DNA damage and upregulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α and BAX proteins in the testicular tissue.
Reproductive Performance of Gilts After Different Periods of Altrenogest Treatment in a Batch Farrowing Breeding Herd.
Franz MD, Quirino MW, Martelli AA … +6 more , Peripolli V, Moreira F, Lucia T, Gasperin BG, Ulguim RDR, Bianchi I
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41518226 · Publisher ↗
Altrenogest is widely used for synchronising gilt breeding groups. On-farm constraints often require adjusting supplementation duration depending on cycle monitoring and batch intervals; however, the reproductive impact...
Altrenogest is widely used for synchronising gilt breeding groups. On-farm constraints often require adjusting supplementation duration depending on cycle monitoring and batch intervals; however, the reproductive impact of these shorter regimens remains unclear. This retrospective study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts treated with Altrenogest for different durations in a batch farrowing breeding herd. Gilts (~166 days old at arrival) that exhibited their first estrus within 40 days post-arrival were allocated to three treatments: ALT 6-14 (n = 166), receiving Altrenogest for 6-14 days; ALT 15-21 (n = 190), receiving Altrenogest for 15-21 days and Control, receiving no treatment (n = 175). Altrenogest supplementation started on days 11-12 after their last estrus (first or second). Insemination for ALT gilts was performed at the first estrus following treatment (~231 days old). For Control gilts, insemination occurred in the third or fourth estrus (~230 days old). Approximately 98% of the ALT gilts exhibited estrus, whereas 10.3% of the Control gilts did not display estrous signs within the breeding window. The interval from the end of the Altrenogest treatment to estrus expression was slightly longer (p = 0.05) in ALT 15-21 (6.6 ± 0.2 days) than in ALT 6-14 (6.4 ± 0.2 days). Adjusted farrowing rate and total litter size did not differ among treatments (p ≥ 0.69). The duration of Altrenogest supplementation did not affect estrous cycle synchronisation efficiency or the reproductive performance of gilts. The strategic use of Altrenogest enables a reduction in labour and costs by allowing progestogen supplementation for fewer than 14 days.
Effect of Insemination Timing Within a TAI Program on Fertility Using Sex-Sorted Semen in Lactating Dairy Cows.
Serim E, Karakaya-Bilen E, Keskin A … +3 more , Dikmen S, Gümen A, Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu G
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41518224 · Publisher ↗
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of insemination timing with sex-sorted semen on fertility in dairy cows subjected to a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol. A total of 611 Holstein cows (46...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of insemination timing with sex-sorted semen on fertility in dairy cows subjected to a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol. A total of 611 Holstein cows (46 ± 3 DIM) were enrolled and subjected to a presynchronized Ovsynch protocol (G7G; PGF₂α-2d-GnRH-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF₂α-56 h-GnRH), and randomly allocated to four treatment groups. The control group (CONV-14, n = 154) was inseminated with conventional semen 14 h after the final GnRH, while cows in the sex-sorted semen groups were inseminated at 14 (SS-14, n = 152), 18 (SS-18, n = 153), or 22 h (SS-22, n = 152) after the same treatment. The same bull was used for all inseminations. All cows were examined by ultrasonography to individually evaluate ovarian responses to the protocol and pregnancy status. No significant differences were observed among groups in body condition score, milk yield, cyclicity at the beginning of the protocol, response to the protocol, or follicle size at TAI. Pregnancies per artificial insemination were similar with 50.0% (77/154) in the CONV-14 group, 42.8% (65/152), 48.4% (74/153), and 43.4% (66/152) in the SS-14, SS-18, and SS-22 groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed in embryonic loss rates among groups: 5.2% in CONV-14, 9.2% in SS-14, 4.1% in SS-18, and 13.6% in SS-22, while SS-22 was numerically higher (~7%) than the average of the other SS groups. Overall, conception rates were higher in cows responding to the first GnRH than in non-responders (49.7% vs. 32.3%, p < 0.0005), with a significant difference observed only in the CONV-14 and SS-18 groups (p < 0.005). Estrous expression during TAI was associated with higher conception rates in the CONV-14 group (75.0% vs. 45.4%, p = 0.008), while no such difference was detected in the combined SS groups (51.8% vs. 43.3%). However, the conception rate in the SS-22 group (36.7%) was distinctly lower (p < 0.02) than in other SS groups (53.6% in SS-14, 68.0% in SS-18). In conclusion, contrary to the expectation that advancing insemination closer to ovulation with sex-sorted semen would be advantageous, fixed time insemination at 22 h within the TAI program showed poorer outcomes compared to 18 h, which achieved a relative conception rate of 97% compared with conventional semen. It was also concluded that TAI at 22 h should not be recommended in cows exhibiting estrus on the day of insemination.
Niacin Improves Cryopreserved Equine Sperm Quality and Gene Expression: An Artificial Intelligence Assisted Evaluation.
Alves NC, Freitas MM, Faria JRD … +12 more , Horta CL, Martins-Filho OA, Araújo MSS, Costa GMJ, Costa EA, de Almeida FRL, Amaral PHR, Pérez JCG, Lana ÂQ, Coelho IMP, da Costa AJA, Lagares MA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41518220 · Publisher ↗
Niacin acts as an antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage. This study evaluated the effects of adding niacin to the equine semen freezing extender on sperm quality and gene expression after cryopreservation...
Niacin acts as an antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage. This study evaluated the effects of adding niacin to the equine semen freezing extender on sperm quality and gene expression after cryopreservation. Ejaculates from ten stallions were frozen using the INRA 96 extender (control) or extenders supplemented with 10- and 20-mM niacin. After thawing, sperm were analysed for motility, kinematics, viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, DNA integrity, sperm binding to bovine oviduct explants, and expression of apoptosis related (BCL2, BAX), mitochondrial (ROMO1), sperm binding (SPACA3) and DNA repair (OGG1) genes. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and analysed by randomised block ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, MLP, XGBoost, KNN and SVM) with SHAP analysis ranked the most influential parameters associated with sperm quality. The addition of 10 mM niacin improved sperm motility, mitochondrial activity, and the number of sperm bound to bovine oviduct explants, while reducing ROS levels and expression of BAX and ROMO1, and increasing BCL2 and SPACA3 genes. The 20 mM treatment also enhanced sperm binding and upregulated SPACA3 expression compared to the control. However, 20 mM niacin showed lower binding activity than 10 mM. Machine learning identified sperm binding to oviduct explants and SPACA3 expression as the most influential variables for classifying samples. In conclusion, both niacin concentrations improved equine cryopreserved sperm quality, although 10 mM showed superior antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and functional effects, representing optimal supplementation level.
Assessing the Sperm Head DNA Damage in Frozen/Thawed Horse Spermatozoa via Xenogeneic ICSI.
Rychtarova J, Fulka H, Loi P … +1 more , Fulka J
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41508721 · Publisher ↗
In the mouse, spermatozoa are highly resistant to DNA damage, even when frozen without cryoprotectants, and can produce offspring when subsequently used for ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). It is not known whethe...
In the mouse, spermatozoa are highly resistant to DNA damage, even when frozen without cryoprotectants, and can produce offspring when subsequently used for ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). It is not known whether the same applies to other mammals as well. For example, in the horse, even conventional sperm freezing is still very problematic and frequently leads to sperm immobility. It has, however, never been tested whether sperm immobility also mirrors sperm head DNA damage, and if so, to what extent. In our study, we evaluated the damage to DNA in horse frozen and thawed motile and immotile spermatozoa after their injection into ovulated mouse oocytes. In both groups, injected horse spermatozoa activated the mouse oocytes. This was followed by the extrusion of the second polar body (2 PB) and the formation of maternal pronuclei (Mo-fPN-mouse female pronucleus); in parallel, the horse sperm heads rapidly decondensed in the murine cytoplasm and formed paternal pronuclei (Ho-mPN-horse male pronucleus), which were larger than the female ones. With the exception of one stallion tested, DNA damage has been detected in almost all Ho-mPNs originating from immotile spermatozoa. DNA in motile (even sporadically) spermatozoa was mostly undamaged. Moreover, when the xenogeneic zygotes cleave to the two-cell stage, the incidence of micronuclei in blastomeres mirrors the extent of DNA damage in paternal pronuclei. In conclusion, and contrary to the mouse, where sperm DNA is very resistant to damage, we do not recommend the use of immotile horse spermatozoa for ICSI. On the other hand, even the sporadically motile mouse spermatozoa have no damaged DNA and can thus be used for intragenic ICSI.
Cryoprotective Efficacy of Omega-3 Nano-Emulsion on Kinematic Parameters, Acrosome Status, Subcellular Ultrastructure, and Oxidative/Antioxidant Markers in Cryopreserved Stallion Semen.
Khalil WA, Sharf MI, Derbala MK … +3 more , Hassan MAE, Abdelnour SA, El-Harairy MA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41508714 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to investigate the cryoprotective effect of Omega-3 nano-emulsion (Omega-3 NE) on stallion sperm quality, kinematic parameters, acrosome status, subcellular ultrastructure, oxidative/antioxidant markers,...
This study aims to investigate the cryoprotective effect of Omega-3 nano-emulsion (Omega-3 NE) on stallion sperm quality, kinematic parameters, acrosome status, subcellular ultrastructure, oxidative/antioxidant markers, and semen microbiota. Forty ejaculates were collected, extended, and cryopreserved from 5 fertile Pure Egyptian stallions (Equus caballus). The ejaculates were divided into five groups: a control group (without additive) and four groups supplemented with 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg of Omega-3 NE/mL. The Omega-3 NE exhibited an average particle size of 51-146 nm, a PDI of 0.58, and a zeta potential of -31 mV. Omega-3 NE (200 μg/mL) significantly improved progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity of stallion semen (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with Omega-3 NE (200 μg/mL) led to a significant enhancement in post-thawed sperm kinematic parameters, including PM, DSL, VCL, and VSL, by 40%, 21.5%, 26.7%, and 20.7%, respectively, compared to the control group. The addition of 100 or 200 μg/mL Omega-3 NE to the media resulted in a higher percentage of live sperm with intact acrosomes. Additionally, all Omega-3 NE treatments significantly decreased the percentage of dead sperm with intact acrosomes as well as microbiota load (total bacterial count and coliform bacteria count) compared to the control (p < 0.01). Significant improvements in antioxidant status (TAC and CAT) and reduction of oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and HO) were observed in all Omega-3 NE groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Omega-3 NE (200 μg/mL) significantly reduced sperm apoptosis (p < 0.01) and preserved better subcellular integrity compared to the control and other treatment groups. The results suggest that Omega-3 NE at concentrations of 100-200 μg/mL can effectively enhance sperm cryo-resistance via enhancing sperm quality and kinematic variables, reducing oxidative stress and microbiota load, and maintaining sperm subcellular ultrastructure. The study highlights the potential of Omega-3 NE as a nanotechnology-based approach to boost assisted reproductive technologies in stallion breeding programmes.
Impact of FSH-Induced Ovarian Stimulation on Oocyte Recovery and In Vitro Embryo Production in the Red Sindhi Cows.
Pivato I, Martins GHL, de Faria LC … +2 more , Bessler HC, Martins CF
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41503757 · Full text
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important role in regulating reproductive events, particularly follicular development and oocyte competence acquisition. Some studies using FSH protocols in zebu cattle were pe...
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an important role in regulating reproductive events, particularly follicular development and oocyte competence acquisition. Some studies using FSH protocols in zebu cattle were performed, but data regarding its application in the Red Sindhi breed are scarce and therefore warranted. In this context, this study aimed to assess the FSH administration regimen-multiple doses (T1-m) and single dose (T2-s) and coasting period (54 h vs. 102 h) in oocyte developmental competence in Sindhi females. A total of 80 mg of FSH was administered either as a single application (40 mg IM + 40 mg, SC) or compared to multiple applications (30 mg + 30 mg + 20 mg, IM). Animals that did not receive FSH treatment serve as controls (CT). The present data showed that both T1 and T2 applications resulted in a greater number of medium-sized follicles (7.80 vs. 8.57, p < 0.05), oocyte recovery (9.76 vs. 9.81), when compared to control (5.20; 6.30, respectively). Animals from T2 also had a greater number of aspirated follicles (12.52 vs. 8.70, p < 0.05), viable oocytes (7.33 vs. 4.45, p < 0.05) and blastocyst rates (43.22% vs. 29.11%, p < 0.05) than control animals. Our results showed that a reduced dose of FSH both single and multiple applications enhance oocyte developmental competence. Moreover, a single application of FSH combined with a longer coasting period offers practical advantages, making this approach more attractive for Sindhi breeding programmes.
The Role of Thiol-Disulphide Balance and Specific Antioxidant Enzymes in Oocyte Quantity and Quality in Cattle.
Karasahin T, Şentürk G, Arzik Y … +4 more , İpek H, Behrem S, Çerçi E, Dursun Ş
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41498424 · Publisher ↗
Oxidative stress and redox homeostasis play crucial roles in ovarian function, influencing oocyte quality and developmental competence. This study evaluated the population-level associations between thiol-disulphide home...
Oxidative stress and redox homeostasis play crucial roles in ovarian function, influencing oocyte quality and developmental competence. This study evaluated the population-level associations between thiol-disulphide homeostasis, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activity, and oocyte quantity and quality in cattle. Blood and follicular fluid samples were analysed from cattle to assess total thiol (TTL), native thiol (NTL), disulphide (DS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) levels. Oocytes were collected and classified based on morphological characteristics. Statistical analyses revealed a positive correlation between TTL and total oocyte count (TOC), suggesting that higher thiol availability enhances oocyte production. Conversely, elevated NTL levels were negatively associated with oocyte quality, indicating that an imbalance in thiol-disulphide homeostasis may impair follicular development. GPX activity exhibited a significant negative association with both TOC and high-quality oocyte count (HQOC), suggesting that excessive antioxidant activity might disrupt essential redox signalling pathways required for oocyte maturation. However, SOD, CAT and NO levels were not significantly correlated with oocyte count or quality, indicating a complex interplay between oxidative stress markers and reproductive efficiency. These findings demonstrate significant associations between thiol-disulphide balance, GPX activity, and both total and HQOCs, highlighting the relevance of redox status in follicular physiology. Further research is needed to explore targeted antioxidant interventions to optimise reproductive outcomes in livestock. Understanding the role of oxidative balance in oocyte maturation may contribute to improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer in cattle.
Study of Methods for Early Fetal Sex Identification Using Cell-Free Fetal DNA in the Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Cows.
Luo Y, Mi Y, Zong J … +5 more , Luo Y, Chen L, Yi K, Li C, Zhou X
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41498409 · Publisher ↗
Livestock sex control is one of the core bioengineering technologies for improving quality and efficiency in modern animal husbandry, holding profound practical significance for sex-limited livestock production systems....
Livestock sex control is one of the core bioengineering technologies for improving quality and efficiency in modern animal husbandry, holding profound practical significance for sex-limited livestock production systems. Precise identification of fetal sex at the early gestational stage constitutes a key prerequisite for achieving targeted sex regulation. The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the peripheral blood of pregnant cows has paved an important technical avenue for establishing a non-invasive and high-precision diagnostic system for early fetal sex identification. In this study, plasma and serum samples collected from pregnant cows were used as experimental materials, and three protocols-phenol-chloroform extraction, heat-based extraction, and a commercial kit specifically designed for isolating cffDNA from plasma/serum-were employed for cffDNA purification and isolation. Y-chromosome-specific genes (either the TSPY or SRY gene) were selected as molecular markers, and optimised detection systems were established by integrating polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. A systematic comparison was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of different cffDNA extraction methods combined with various amplification technologies for fetal sex identification in both early and late stages of gestation. The actual calving outcomes were used as the standard for validation. The results demonstrated that the quality of cffDNA templates extracted by the commercial kit method was significantly superior to that obtained by the heat-based and phenol-chloroform methods, with the corresponding sex identification accuracy reaching the highest level. Notably, the LAMP technique exhibited unique advantages in detecting fetal sex in extremely early gestational samples (at 1-2 months of pregnancy). Characterised by its simplicity of operation, rapid reaction kinetics, and elimination of the need for sophisticated instrumentation, LAMP is particularly well-suited for on-site large-scale rapid primary screening of fetal sex in livestock farms. It enables the efficient exclusion of male foetuses within a short timeframe, thereby substantially improving the efficiency of breeding selection. Based on the aforementioned findings, this study proposes a combined detection model of "LAMP-based primary screening plus PCR-based confirmation", which can effectively balance detection efficiency and identification accuracy. The research outcomes provide empirical data and methodological references for constructing a non-invasive, early-stage, and high-precision technical system for fetal sex identification in dairy cows. This holds great value for promoting the implementation of precise early reproductive management in dairy farms and enhancing the economic benefits of the livestock industry.
Metabolomics Reveals Betaine as a Biomarker for Better Boar Spermatozoa Freezability.
Huang Q, Zhao Y, Wang T … +5 more , Gao R, Yan L, Yin Z, Yang CX, Du ZQ
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41498398 · Publisher ↗
Artificial insemination in the pig industry requires frozen semen of better freezability and post-thaw quality. Several recent metabolomics studies were carried out to discover sperm freezability-related biomarkers. Howe...
Artificial insemination in the pig industry requires frozen semen of better freezability and post-thaw quality. Several recent metabolomics studies were carried out to discover sperm freezability-related biomarkers. However, only a limited number of pig breeds were examined and results remain obscure. Here, boar semen samples were collected and quality evaluated for 3 Western breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire), originating from a nucleus farm and a boar station. Post-thaw sperm from the nucleus farm exhibited significantly higher motility and vitality rates (p < 0.01), and also better acrosome integrity and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05). For the high and low freezability groups (36 samples in total), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) on spermatozoa identified significantly differential metabolites (p < 0.05, including betaine), with 258 metabolites in Duroc, 126 in Landrace, and 215 in Yorkshire, which were significantly enriched in 11, 8 and 13 metabolic pathways (KEGG) (p < 0.05), respectively. Besides breed-specific pathways (Duroc: cysteine and methionine metabolism; Landrace: arginine and proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, lysine degradation, galactose metabolism and pyruvate metabolism; Yorkshire: steroid hormone biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism), two pathways common to 3 breeds (alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway) were found. Betaine was confirmed to be at a significantly higher level in the semen of high freezability for all three pig breeds (p < 0.05). Taken together, metabolites and metabolic pathways common and specific to commercial Western breeds were identified. Betaine was related to better spermatozoa freezability. Our findings provide the basis and insights into better understanding the role of metabolic molecules and pathways important to boar spermatozoa freezability.
Impact of Denaverine Hydrochloride and Carbetocin on Parturition Ease and Subsequent Fertility in Suckler Cows.
Đuričić D, Samardžija M, Zobel A … +2 more , Szenci O, Zobel R
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41498397 · Publisher ↗
The study evaluated the effects of denaverine hydrochloride (DH) and carbetocin (CT) on calving ease and subsequent fertility in suckler cows. A total of 242 cows were enrolled in a blinded study and assigned to four gro...
The study evaluated the effects of denaverine hydrochloride (DH) and carbetocin (CT) on calving ease and subsequent fertility in suckler cows. A total of 242 cows were enrolled in a blinded study and assigned to four groups with different treatment protocols: Group A (DH + CT), Group B (DH only), Group C (CT only) and Group D (saline only-control). After the second round of exclusion criteria, 225 animals were allocated into 4 groups A (n = 69), B (n = 59), C (n = 60), D (n = 37) for the further statistical analysis. DH was given (Groups A and B) within 30 min after the noticed appearance of the amniotic sac. Carbetocin was given (Groups A and C) within 30 min of the calf expulsion. Five parameters were analysed: time from appearance of amniotic sac to calf expulsion (Time to expulsion, TTE), incidence of foetal membranes retention (RFM), calf mortality (calves dead within 48 h, CM), number of artificial inseminations until pregnancy (nAI), and days open (DO). Group A exhibited significantly shorter TTE compared to Groups C (p = 0.02) and D (p < 0.001), indicating improved calving performance and reproductive efficiency. Group A also required less nAI compared to Group D (p = 0.01). While no significant differences in TTE or nAI were observed between Groups A and B. Group A had significantly fewer DO compared to Groups C (p = 0.04) and D (p = 0.003), suggesting a potential synergistic benefit of DH and CT. Carbetocin, when administered alone, showed no significant effects on the observed parameters. RFM and CM incidence did not significantly differ across groups. These findings support the beneficial role of DH, particularly when combined with CT, in facilitating parturition, improving welfare and enhancing subsequent fertility.
Acrosome-Disrupted Dead Sperm Impact the Function of Live Bovine Spermatozoa After Cryopreservation.
Marini S, Khan MU, Schulze Y … +3 more , Jung M, Fair S, Schulze M
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41486612 · Publisher ↗
The influence of dead sperm on their healthy counterparts in bovine semen is not well established. This is particularly relevant to artificial insemination (AI), since semen handling and biotechnological procedures can i...
The influence of dead sperm on their healthy counterparts in bovine semen is not well established. This is particularly relevant to artificial insemination (AI), since semen handling and biotechnological procedures can increase the percentage of dead sperm. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acrosome-disrupted (sonicated) spermatozoa on the quality of neighbouring untreated viable cells after cryopreservation. Semen samples from 12 healthy Holstein bulls were diluted (80 × 10 sperm/mL) in pre-warmed OptiXcell extender at 38°C. A 6 mL portion of diluted semen underwent sonication, and both sonicated and untreated semen samples were mixed to produce treatment groups (TG) as: TG25%, TG50% and TG75% sonicated sperm. Control (CTRL) was not mixed with sonicated sperm. Progressive sperm motility was assessed during a thermo-resistance test after 30 (on-test) and 120 min (off-test) of incubation at 38°C. Results of delta and relative variation of progressive sperm motility showed a significant decline in the TG75% compared to the CTRL (p = 0.013 and 0.034, respectively). Flow cytometry revealed a gradual decline in percentage of viable acrosome-intact sperm with low membrane fluidity and low intracellular calcium (p < 0.001). A comparable decrease was observed for percentage of viable acrosome-intact sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.001). Considering these findings, this study suggests that post-sonication leakage of acrosomal/cellular content could compromise the functionality of untreated spermatozoa, highlighting the necessity to conduct further mechanistic investigation to evaluate possible damaging pathways.
Effects of Ewe Age on Embryo Viability and Morphokinetics: A Potential Ovine Model of Human Reproductive Ageing.
Fryc K, Wang GZ, Murawski M … +1 more , Bartlewski PM
Reprod Domest Anim · 2026 Jan · PMID 41482989 · Publisher ↗
The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of donor age on the development of in vitro-derived sheep embryos. Ovaries were obtained after slaughter from cycling Polish Longwool ewes aged 1.5-3 years (Grou...
The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of donor age on the development of in vitro-derived sheep embryos. Ovaries were obtained after slaughter from cycling Polish Longwool ewes aged 1.5-3 years (Group Y-'young'; n = 14) or 8-9 years (Group O-'old'; n = 16). Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected and subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM), followed by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with fresh capacitated ram semen. The resultant embryos were then cultured and monitored with a time-lapse (TL) imaging system for up to 8 days (Group Y, n = 64 and Group O, n = 48). The timing of key developmental stages relative to the moment when the oocytes and sperm were combined and including cleavage divisions as well as morula and blastocyst formation was recorded. Both the cleavage (68.75%) and blastocyst formation (26.6%) rates were significantly higher in younger ewes compared with their older counterparts (50.0% and 10.4%, respectively), with Group Y zygotes showing fewer (p < 0.05) incidences of abnormal cleavage and morphology (fragmentation, direct cleavage or asymmetrical cleavage) compared with Group O (10.9% vs. 33.3%, respectively). The first cleavage division occurred earlier (25:42 ± 3:43 vs. 29:20 ± 6:59 [hours: minutes post-insemination]; mean ± SD; p < 0.05) and the duration of the second cell cycle (time between the first and second mitotic division) was greater for Group Y compared with Group O (11:20 ± 9:51 vs. 4:14 ± 6:40; p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the times of the following mitotic divisions or formation of morulae and blastocysts. This study documents the specific differences in embryo morphokinetics between donor ewes varying in age and highlights the usefulness of TL imaging for assessing the influence of maternal ageing on embryogenesis in sheep as a model for different mammalian species including humans.
Harnessing Antioxidants for Enhanced Bovine Embryo Production: Current Insights and Future Directions.
Abd El-Aziz AH, Elbaz AM, Imbabi T … +5 more , Mota-Rojas D, Kaka U, Ahmed H, Khan IM, Swelum AA
Reprod Domest Anim · 2025 Dec · PMID 41459936 · Publisher ↗
In vitro maturation (IVM) is a crucial step in the in vitro embryo production (IVEP) of bovine oocytes, requiring coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic changes for proper embryonic development. However, oocyte quality is o...
In vitro maturation (IVM) is a crucial step in the in vitro embryo production (IVEP) of bovine oocytes, requiring coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic changes for proper embryonic development. However, oocyte quality is often compromised by oxidative stress (OS), primarily caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under in vitro conditions. Natural antioxidants have been suggested as a solution for OS by neutralising ROS and restoring cellular homeostasis. Over the past few decades, growing research efforts have been directed toward incorporating antioxidants into culture media to enhance oocyte maturation and, consequently, improve the subsequent developmental potential of embryos. Recent studies highlight the roles of enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) in enhancing embryonic development. Strategic combinations of antioxidants have shown promise in optimising embryo quality by mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing developmental outcomes. Here, we aim to recapitulate recent advances in knowledge regarding the effects of antioxidants on bovine oocyte quality and developmental potential during IVM, and subsequent embryo development, and to discuss their importance in the context of enhancing reproductive success.
TGF-β1 Down-Regulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Porcine Follicular Granulosa Cells Through Smad2 Signalling Pathways.
Lin Y, Ouyang H, Fu S … +7 more , Cheng J, Wu Y, Qin H, Yang Y, Shi D, Zou L, Deng Y
Reprod Domest Anim · 2025 Dec · PMID 41459927 · Publisher ↗
The TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway plays a critical regulatory role in mammalian follicular development. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM1), as a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, is commonly expressed...
The TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway plays a critical regulatory role in mammalian follicular development. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM1), as a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, is commonly expressed in various cells of the mammalian ovary and affects ovarian development. Previous studies have shown that TGF-β1 is a regulator that down-regulates the expression of VCAM1 in human granulosa cells, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that in porcine follicular granulosa cells, TGF-β1 reduces VCAM1 expression by activating TGF-β receptor type I and through the Smad pathway. This down-regulation can be completely reversed by knockdown of Smad2, but not Smad3, suggesting that Smad2 may exert a non-redundant, specialised function in the regulation of VCAM1 by the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. These results enhance the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the TGF-β signalling pathway in reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of reproductive traits.
Association of CASA-Derived Semen Parameters With Conception Rate in Murrah Bulls.
Jaglan K, Dhaka SS, Kumar S … +4 more , Patil CS, Bangar YC, Kumar P, Bala R
Reprod Domest Anim · 2025 Dec · PMID 41459914 · Publisher ↗
The present study investigated the relationship between seminal parameters and bull conception rate (BCR) in 72 Murrah bulls using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). The BCR was calculated by obtaining data of arti...
The present study investigated the relationship between seminal parameters and bull conception rate (BCR) in 72 Murrah bulls using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). The BCR was calculated by obtaining data of artificial insemination spanned over two decades from buffalo farms of two organised herds of India. The association of seminal parameters and BCR was studied using multiple regression and principal component analysis. The average BCR was 38.95% ± 1.51%, ranging from 22.50% to 80.51%. Total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) showed significant positive correlations with BCR, whereas straightness (STR) and linearity (LIN) were negatively correlated. Multiple regression (R = 0.29) identified TM as the most reliable predictor of BCR. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three components, PC1 (Sperm velocity and head movement, 54.36% variance), PC2 (Trajectory and beat frequency, 19.56%), and PC3 (Progressive motility and path accuracy, 12.98%), explaining 86.90% of the total variance. Regression using PC scores (R = 0.24) indicated positive effects of PC1 and PC3, and a negative effect of PC2 on fertility. Overall, sperm velocity and progressive motility were primary fertility determinants, while excessive linearity hindered conception success. Therefore, association of seminal parameters with BCR can be explored for enhancing breeding efficiency of bulls. Future breeding programmes should prioritise sperm velocity and progressive motility traits while avoiding excessive linearity to improve bull fertility and conception success.
Can Vanillic Acid, a Phenolic Substance, Be a Useful Tool to Prevent Oxidative Stress Induced by Freezing Ram Sperm?
Denk B, Kırıkkulak M, Güngör Ş … +5 more , Gülhan MF, İnanç ME, Avdatek F, Yeni D, Taşdemir U
Reprod Domest Anim · 2025 Dec · PMID 41346201 · Publisher ↗
The objective of the study was to investigate the vanillic acid's (VA) protective effects, a phenolic compound, on the ram semen after freeze-thaw. Semen was obtained from Ramlıç rams and was diluted with control (0 μg/m...
The objective of the study was to investigate the vanillic acid's (VA) protective effects, a phenolic compound, on the ram semen after freeze-thaw. Semen was obtained from Ramlıç rams and was diluted with control (0 μg/mL VA) and VA-supplemented Tris-based extenders at concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 μg/mL. The diluted semen was equilibrated for 2 h at +4°C, filled into 0.25 mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. It was then stored in a liquid nitrogen container at -196°C. For analysis, the samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 s in a water bath. There was no difference detected among total and progressive motility as well as velocity parameters (p > 0.05) except for rapid progressive motility (p < 0.05). The findings support the idea that VA has an outstanding effect on reducing DNA damage (p < 0.001). While there was no positive development with regard to total oxidant status (p > 0.05), VA enhanced the antioxidant defences of total antioxidant status (p < 0.05). VA administered at doses of 10 and 50 μg increased total antioxidant status (p < 0.01). Lipid peroxidation was not directly affected by VA application (p > 0.05); otherwise, 10 and 50 μg VA treatments showed a positive effect on viability (p < 0.001). Based on findings, it was concluded that although VA was put in the semen extender, it did not have an ameliorative potency on sperm motility and velocity properties except for specific sub-parameters such as rapid progressive motility. All applied doses reduced DNA damage, and 10 and 50 μg doses supported cellular viability.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe