Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 38075557
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Investigating and synthesizing potent antibacterial NPs using biological methods is highly preferred, and it involves nontoxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly chemicals and methods. Antibiotic drug resistan...Investigating and synthesizing potent antibacterial NPs using biological methods is highly preferred, and it involves nontoxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly chemicals and methods. Antibiotic drug resistance and oxidative stress have become a serious public health issue worldwide. Hence, the key objective of this study was to biologically synthesize and characterize the potent antibacterial CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles for the antibacterial application. The radical scavenging ability of green synthesized CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was also determined. In this study, CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles (CZCS NPs) have been synthesized using three different core to shell materials ratios of CoO to ZnO (0.5 : 0.25 CZCS (1), 0.5 : 0.5 CZCS (2), and 0.5 : 0.75 M CZCS (3)) by employing leaf extract. The polycrystalline nature of CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was investigated using the XRD and SAED characterization techniques. The investigated nanostructure of CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles appeared with CoO as the core and ZnO as an outer shell. Additionally, a variety of physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined using various characterization techniques. The average crystallite sizes of CZCS (1), CZCS (2), and CZCS (3) were found to be 24 ± 1.4, 22 ± 1.5, and 25 ± 1.5 nm, respectively. The band gap energy values for CZCS (1), CZCS (2), and CZCS (3) determined from the UV-DRS data were found to be 2.75, 2.76, and 2.73 eV, respectively. The high inhibition activities against , , , and bacterial strains were obtained for the small size CZCS (2) nanoparticles at the concentration of 100 mg/mL with 22 ± 0.34, 19 ± 0.32, 18 ± 0.45, and 17 ± 0.32 mm values, respectively. The high inhibition performance of CZCS (2) nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which is even above the control drug ampicillin is because of its small size and synergistic effect. The percentage scavenging activity of CoO@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was also studied and CZCS (2) nanoparticles showed a good scavenging capacity (86.87%) at 500 g/mL with IC50 of 209.26 g/mL.
Bellavita R, Braccia S, Falanga A
… +1 more, Galdiero S
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 38028018
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Numerous supramolecular platforms inspired by natural self-assembly are exploited as drug delivery systems. The spontaneous arrangement of single building blocks into inorganic and organic structures is determined and co...Numerous supramolecular platforms inspired by natural self-assembly are exploited as drug delivery systems. The spontaneous arrangement of single building blocks into inorganic and organic structures is determined and controlled by noncovalent forces such as electrostatic interactions, - interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. This review describes the main structures and characteristics of several building blocks used to obtain stable, self-assembling nanostructures tailored for numerous biological applications. Owing to their versatility, biocompatibility, and controllability, these nanostructures find application in diverse fields ranging from drug/gene delivery, theranostics, tissue engineering, and nanoelectronics. Herein, we described the different approaches used to design and functionalize these nanomaterials to obtain selective drug delivery in a specific disease. In particular, the review highlights the efficiency of these supramolecular structures in applications related to infectious diseases and cancer.
Shakila PB, Hirad AH, Alarfaj AA
… +2 more, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Mulugeta B
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 37920234
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Multiple chemodrugs with nanotechnology have proven to be an effective cancer treatment technique. When taken combined, cabazitaxel (CTX) and cisplatin (PT) have more excellent cytotoxic effects than drugs used alone in...Multiple chemodrugs with nanotechnology have proven to be an effective cancer treatment technique. When taken combined, cabazitaxel (CTX) and cisplatin (PT) have more excellent cytotoxic effects than drugs used alone in the chemotherapy of several different cancers. However, several severe side effects are associated with using these chemotherapy drugs in cancer patients. Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) are promising as drug carriers because of their small diameter, easy surface modifications, good biocompatibility, and strong cell penetration. This work aimed to determine the CTX and PT encapsulated with AuNMs against human glioma U87 cancer cells. The fabrication of the AuNMs achieved a negative surface charge, polydispersity index, and the mean sizes. The combined cytotoxic effect of CTX and PT bound to AuNMs was greater than that of either drug alone when tested on U87 cells. The half inhibitory concentration (IC) values for free PT were 54.7 g/mL (at 24 h) and 4.8 g g/mL (at 72 h). Results acquired from the MTT assay show cell growth decreases time- and concentration-dependent AuNMs, free CTX, free PT, and AuNMs@CTX/PT-induced cytotoxicity and, ultimately, the cell death of U87 cells via apoptosis. The biochemical apoptosis staining techniques investigated the cells' morphological changes of the cells (acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and nuclear staining (DAPI) techniques). The AO-EB and nuclear staining results reveal that the NPs effectively killed cancer cells. Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis examined the mode of cell death. Therefore, AuNMs@CTX/PT has excellent potential in the cancer therapy of different cancer cells.
Gómez E, Galván-Hidalgo JM, Pérez-Cuéllar G
… +9 more, Huerta-Landa KA, González-Hernández A, Gómez-García O, Andrade-Pavón D, Ramírez-Apan T, Rodríguez Hernández KD, Hernández S, Cano-Sánchez P, Gómez-Velasco H
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 37920233
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Organotin complexes were prepared through a one-pot reaction with three components by reacting thiosemicarbazide or 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide or 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and dibutyl, dipheny...Organotin complexes were prepared through a one-pot reaction with three components by reacting thiosemicarbazide or 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide or 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, dehydroacetic acid (DHA) and dibutyl, diphenyl, dicyclohexyl, and bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]tin(IV) oxides; all complexes were characterized by infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Sn NMR revealed chemical shifts corresponding to a pentacoordinated environment in solution. The X-ray crystallography of the two complexes evidenced the formation of monomeric complexes with a pentacoordinated geometry around tin via three donor atoms from the ligand, the sulfur of the thiol, the nitrogen of the imine group, and the oxygen of the pyran ring. The geometries of the five-coordinated complexes (BuSnL3), (PhSnL3), and (CySnL3) acid were intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal, and complex (BuSnL1) adopted a bipyramidal trigonal geometry (BPT). The sulforhodamine B assay assessed the cytotoxicity of organotin(IV) complexes against the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (human mammary adenocarcinoma) cell lines and one normal COS-7 (African green monkey kidney fibroblast). The IC values evidenced a significant antiproliferative effect on cancer cells; the complexes were more potent than the positive cisplatin control and the corresponding ligands, dehydroacetic acid thiosemicarbazone (), dehydroacetic acid-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (), and dehydroacetic acid-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazone (). The IC values also indicated that the organotin(IV) complexes were more cytotoxic against the triple-negative breast cell line MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7, inducing significant morphological alterations. The interactions of organotin(IV) (PhSnL1), (CySnL1), and (((CH)SiCH)SnL1) were evaluated with ss-DNA by fluorescence; intensity changes of the fluorescence were indicative of the displacement of ethidium bromide (EB), confirming the interaction of the organotin(IV) complexes with ss-DNA; the results showed a DNA binding affinity. The thermodynamic parameters obtained through isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the interaction of (PhSnL1), with ss-ADN, was exothermic. Molecular docking studies also demonstrated that the organotin(IV) complexes were intercalated in DNA by conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, and -alkyl interactions. These complexes furthermore showed a greater affinity towards DNA than cisplatin.
Alguacil A, Scalambra F, Romerosa A
… +6 more, Bento-Oliveira A, Marques F, Maximiano I, de Almeida RFM, Tomaz AI, Valente A
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 37808953
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Piano-stool-{CpRu} complexes containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), -methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (mPTA), and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabyciclo[3.3.1]nonane (dmoPTA) were evaluated as drug...Piano-stool-{CpRu} complexes containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), -methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (mPTA), and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabyciclo[3.3.1]nonane (dmoPTA) were evaluated as drugs against breast cancer. The evaluated compounds include two new examples of this family, the complexes [RuCp(DMSO-S)(HdmoPTA)(PPh)](CFSO) () and [RuCp(PPh)--dmoPTA-1-2,'-PdCl](CFSO) (), which have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the three most active complexes were further tested against the hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Their cell death mechanism and ruthenium uptake were also evaluated, as well as their binding ability to human serum albumin.
Alnehia A, Al-Sharabi A, Al-Odayni AB
… +5 more, Al-Hammadi AH, Al-Ostoot FH, Saeed WS, Abduh NAY, Alrahlah A
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 37780971
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Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Besides, biologically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have proven superior to other methods. This work aimed to biosynthesize zinc...Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Besides, biologically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have proven superior to other methods. This work aimed to biosynthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs using an aqueous extract of seed. The obtained ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs against Gram-positive () and Gram-negative () bacteria was assessed using the disk diffusion technique. The hemolytic impact was quantified spectrophotometrically. The results indicated a 24.2 nm crystallite size, a hexagonal structure phase, and a 3.48 eV optical bandgap. Antibacterial studies revealed a dose-dependent response with comparable activity to the standard drug (gentamicin) and higher activity against than , e.g., the zone of inhibition at 120 mg/mL was 23 ± 1.25 and 16 ± 1.00 mm, respectively. The hemolysis assay showed no potential harm due to ZnO NPs toward red blood cells if utilized in low doses. As a result, it could be concluded that the reported biogenic method for synthesizing ZnO NPs is promising, resulting in hemocompatible NPs and comparable bactericidal agents.
Stefàno E, Cossa LG, De Castro F
… +9 more, De Luca E, Vergaro V, My G, Rovito G, Migoni D, Muscella A, Marsigliante S, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP
Bioinorg Chem Appl
· 2023 · PMID 37727647
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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, due to its rapid progression, invasiveness, and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this work, we evalua...Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with an increasing incidence and a high mortality rate, due to its rapid progression, invasiveness, and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this work, we evaluated the antiproliferative and antimigratory activities of the two organometallic compounds, [Pt(-CH-OMe)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl () and [Pt(-CH-OEt)(DMSO)(phen)]Cl (), on three human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines with different sensitivity to cisplatin (Mia PaCa-2, PANC-1, and YAPC). The two cationic analogues showed superimposable antiproliferative effects on the tested cells, without significant differences depending on alkyl chain length (Me or Et). On the other hand, they demonstrated to be more effective than cisplatin, especially on YAPC cancer cells. For the interesting cytotoxic activity observed on YAPC, further biological assays were performed, on this cancer cell line, to evaluate the apoptotic and antimetastatic properties of the considered platinum compounds ( and ). The cytotoxicity of and compounds appeared to be related to their intracellular accumulation, which was much faster than that of cisplatin. Both and compounds significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, with a high accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells, compared to cisplatin. Moreover, phenanthroline-containing complexes caused a rapid loss of mitochondria membrane potential, ΔΨ, if compared to cisplatin, probably due to their cationic and lipophilic properties. On 3D tumor spheroids, and significantly reduced migrated area more than cisplatin, confirming an antimetastatic ability.