Prostate Cancer[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Preliminary Evidence on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Luteolin for Patients With Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance.
Naiki T, Naiki-Ito A, Murakami A … +15 more , Kato H, Sugiyama Y, Kawai T, Kato S, Etani T, Nagai T, Shimizu N, Morikawa T, Aoki M, Gonda M, Kuang X, Nagayasu Y, Hamamoto S, Yasui T, Takahashi S
Prostate Cancer · 2025 · PMID 40046611 · Full text
A need exists for effective treatments for prostate cancer (PCA) due its re-emergence following androgen deprivation therapy, a major clinical problem. In a previous study, we presented evidence on the chemopreventive an...
A need exists for effective treatments for prostate cancer (PCA) due its re-emergence following androgen deprivation therapy, a major clinical problem. In a previous study, we presented evidence on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of luteolin, a flavonoid, in PCA including castration-resistant PCA. In this single-arm phase I study, we clinically examined the safety of the oral intake of luteolin in patients under active surveillance (AS). Between March and September in 2022, five patients with low-intermediate risk PCA and under AS were treated daily with 50 mg of oral luteolin for six months. We investigated the efficacy of oral luteolin in oncological outcomes and any adverse events (AEs) and examined prostate and blood specimens. The median age of patients was 68 years (range: 60-78), and the median initial prostate-specific antigen level was 9.5 ng/mL. All patients were under AS without rapid progression. After treatment with luteolin, AEs were not noted in any patients for six months. All patients underwent a protocol biopsy. Of these, two patients showed a favorable response, one patient had stable disease, and two patients showed disease progression; robot-assisted radical surgery was subsequently performed for the latter. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased expression of androgen receptor and NKX3.1 in noncancerous lesions after luteolin treatment. In addition, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that serum micro(mi)RNA expression in serum and prostate gland, including miR-29 and miR-30, tended to be upregulated after luteolin treatment compared with during the pretreatment phase. Our small phase I study of men with PCA suggests that daily treatment with 50 mg of an oral supplement of luteolin is safe and effective with regard to oncological outcomes, particularly in patients under AS.
Immunohistochemical Detection of CD147 Expression in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: A Case-Control Study.
Suliman S, Ellaithi M
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39735939 · Full text
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy among men worldwide, including in Sudan, where it represents a significant public health challenge. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in tumor progr...
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy among men worldwide, including in Sudan, where it represents a significant public health challenge. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, has shown potential as a prognostic biomarker in various cancers. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate CD147 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma among Sudanese men and its association with tumor grade. A total of 80 paraffin-embedded tissue samples, including 40 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 40 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) controls, were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. CD147 expression was observed in 22.5% of adenocarcinoma cases compared to 7% of controls; however, the association was not statistically significant (=0.07). Low-grade tumors were predominant in the cohort, consistent with early-stage diagnoses. The findings revealed no clear link between CD147 expression and tumor grade, diverging from prior studies that associate CD147 with advanced tumor stages. The nonsignificant results may be attributed to the small sample size, emphasizing the need for future research with larger, more diverse cohorts, advanced molecular techniques, and functional studies to better elucidate the role of CD147 in prostate cancer pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Number of Prescription Medications and Overall Survival in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Pickett CR, Eaton DB, Karunanandaa K … +7 more , Cybulla E, Heiden BT, Chang SH, Yan Y, Subramanian MP, Puri V, Schoen MW
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39723178 · Full text
Assessment of comorbid diseases is essential to clinical research and may risk-stratify patients for mortality independent of established methods such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). In a retrospective study of...
Assessment of comorbid diseases is essential to clinical research and may risk-stratify patients for mortality independent of established methods such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). In a retrospective study of U.S. Veterans, we examined the association between the number of medications, 1-year mortality, and overall survival in Veterans being treated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) between 2011 and 2017. Among 8855 Veterans, a median of 11 medications and 6 medication classes were filled in the year prior to initial treatment of mCRPC with abiraterone or enzalutamide. The median patient age was 74 years, 25.7% of patients were Black, and the median CCI was 3. Despite being associated with fewer medications, increasing age was associated with an increased CCI. After adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment factors, both the number of medications and the number of medication classes were associated with increased 1-year mortality with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.03 (1.03, 1.04) and 1.08 (1.06, 1.11), respectively. Medications within Anatomic Therapeutic Class (ATC) N (nervous system) and ATC G (genitourinary and sex hormones) were associated with decreased OS, HR 1.18 (1.11, 1.25) and HR 1.15 (1.10, 1.20), respectively. Medications within ATC C (cardiovascular) were associated with increased OS, HR 0.91 (0.86, 0.97). Within a subgroup of patients with comparable age and CCI, the increased number of medications was associated with the increased risk of death. The number and type of medications were independently associated with survival in patients undergoing treatment for mCRPC. With new therapies for treatment of advanced prostate cancer, patients are living longer, which increases the need for better understanding of the impact of comorbid diseases. Simple methods to assess disease burden and prognosticate survival have the potential to guide treatment decisions and improve the quality of life in this patient population.
Investigating the Relationship of , , and Polymorphisms in the Promoter of and Inflammatory Genes with Prostate Cancer in an Iranian Population.
Ahmadi N, Ahmadi SAY, Kheirollahi A … +1 more , Shahsavar F
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39359425 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in prostate cancer. The current study was conducted to study the relationship between , , and polymorphisms in the promoter of and inflammatory genes with p...
INTRODUCTION: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in prostate cancer. The current study was conducted to study the relationship between , , and polymorphisms in the promoter of and inflammatory genes with prostate cancer. METHODS: As a genetic association study with a case-control design, the genomes of people living in Khorasan, Iran, were compared in two groups of cases and controls. The genotype of the polymorphism present in the gene promoter was investigated by the PCR-RFLP method. PCR-SSP was used to study the genotype of and polymorphisms present in the gene promoter. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. RESULTS: One mutant allele in polymorphism (AG) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 4.902, 95% CI = 2.70-8.87) and two mutant alleles (GG) increased more (OR = 7.174, 95% CI = 2.48-20.68). One mutant allele in polymorphism (CG) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 5.583, 95% CI = 3.04-10.22) and two mutant alleles (CC) increased more (OR = 9.571, 95% CI = 3.10-29.46). One mutant allele in polymorphism (CA) increased the chance of cancer (OR = 5.359, 95% CI = 2.95-9.70) and two mutant alleles (AA) increased more (OR = 7.083, 95% CI = 2.61-19.15) ( < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the mutant alleles in polymorphisms , , and alleles were associated with an increased chance of prostate cancer in this population.
Evaluation of Second-Line Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer following the Administration of Upfront Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors.
Kikkawa K, Tamaki M, Maruno K … +5 more , Hazama T, Takahashi T, Yamada Y, Nakashima M, Ito N
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 39135744 · Full text
This study evaluated the effects of docetaxel and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as second-line treatments in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as fir...
This study evaluated the effects of docetaxel and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as second-line treatments in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as first-line treatment. This study retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of second-line treatment with docetaxel or androgen receptor signaling inhibitor in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who received first-line treatment with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Clinical backgrounds and outcomes were compared between docetaxel and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as second-line treatment. Of 59 patients, 21 (35.6%) and 38 (64.4%) received docetaxel and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as second-line treatment after first-line treatment with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors, respectively. In the second-line setting, the median progression-free survival was longer with androgen receptor signaling inhibitor than with docetaxel (17 versus 6 months, =0.014). In the first-line setting, the median progression-free survival was longer with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors than with docetaxel (32 versus 25 months, =0.014); however, no significant difference was found in the overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that there was no significant association between second-line treatment and survival, and first-line treatment with abiraterone was identified as a prognostic factor for progression-free survival. Subgroup analysis showed that the abiraterone-enzalutamide sequence was more effective than the other three sequences for progression-free survival and overall survival. This study suggests that second-line treatment with an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor for castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen receptor signaling inhibitors as first-line treatment may be more beneficial, particularly with abiraterone as the upfront treatment.
Prostate Cancer Detection from MRI Using Efficient Feature Extraction with Transfer Learning.
Islam R, Imran A, Rabbi MF
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 38783970 · Full text
Prostate cancer is a common cancer with significant implications for global health. Prompt and precise identification is crucial for efficient treatment strategizing and enhanced patient results. This research study inve...
Prostate cancer is a common cancer with significant implications for global health. Prompt and precise identification is crucial for efficient treatment strategizing and enhanced patient results. This research study investigates the utilization of machine learning techniques to diagnose prostate cancer. It emphasizes utilizing deep learning models, namely VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and ResNet50V2, to extract relevant features. The random forest approach then uses these features for classification. The study begins by doing a thorough comparison examination of the deep learning architectures outlined above to evaluate their effectiveness in extracting significant characteristics from prostate cancer imaging data. Key metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are used to assess the models' efficacy. With an accuracy of 99.64%, ResNet50 outperformed other tested models when it came to identifying important features in images of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the analysis of understanding factors aims to offer valuable insights into the decision-making process, thereby addressing a critical problem for clinical practice acceptance. The random forest classifier, a powerful ensemble learning method renowned for its adaptability and ability to handle intricate datasets, then uses the collected characteristics as input. The random forest model seeks to identify patterns in the feature space and produce precise predictions on the presence or absence of prostate cancer. In addition, the study tackles the restricted availability of datasets by utilizing transfer learning methods to refine the deep learning models using a small amount of annotated prostate cancer data. The objective of this method is to improve the ability of the models to generalize across different patient populations and clinical situations. This study's results are useful because they show how well VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and ResNet50V2 work for extracting features in the field of diagnosing prostate cancer, when used with random forest's classification abilities. The results of this work provide a basis for creating reliable and easily understandable machine learning-based diagnostic tools for detecting prostate cancer. This will enhance the possibility of an early and precise diagnosis in clinical settings such as index terms deep learning, machine learning, prostate cancer, cancer identification, and cancer classification.
Alterations of Sexual and Erectile Functions after Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Based on Patient-Reported Questionnaires.
Gesztesi L, Kocsis ZS, Jorgo K … +3 more , Fröhlich G, Polgár C, Ágoston P
Prostate Cancer · 2024 · PMID 38312318 · Full text
The aim of the study was to compare the side effects of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) and low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRBT), with a particular focus on the effects on sexual functions and sexual well-being (PROM...
The aim of the study was to compare the side effects of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) and low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRBT), with a particular focus on the effects on sexual functions and sexual well-being (PROMOBRA study, NCT02258087). Localized low-risk and low-intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients were treated with mono LDR ( = 123, 145 Gy dose) or mono HDR brachytherapy ( = 117, 19/21 Gy). Prior to the treatment and during follow-up (at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment, and then annually after two years), patients completed patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) questionnaires EORTC QLQ-PR-25, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and IIEF-5 (SHIM). We compared the patients in different group breakdowns (HDR vs. LDR, hormone naïve and hormone-receiving HDR vs. LDR, hormone naïve and hormone-receiving patients in general, and 19 Gy HDR vs. 21 Gy HDR). In the hormone-naive LDR group, erectile function, orgasm function, sexual desire, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall satisfaction functions significantly decreased compared to baseline throughout the whole follow-up period. However, there were significant decreases in function at a maximum of three time points after HDR therapy without hormone therapy. In hormone-receiving patients, the orgasm function was significantly better in the HDR group at multiple time points compared to the baseline, and sexual desire improved at four time points. According to our results, both LDRBT and HDRBT can be safely administered to patients with localized prostate cancer. In hormone-naive patients, the HDR group showed only recovering decreases in sexual functions, while the LDR group showed a lasting decline in multiple areas. Thus, HDR appears to be more advantageous to hormone-naive patients.
Health-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Males Participating in Alberta's Tomorrow Project.
Aktary ML, Shewchuk B, Wang Q … +4 more , Hyndman E, Shack L, Robson PJ, Kopciuk KA
Prostate Cancer · 2023 · PMID 38020965 · Full text
Prostate cancer (PCa) stage at diagnosis is an important predictor of cancer prognosis. In Canada, over one-quarter of males are diagnosed with advanced-stage PCa. Studies have identified several factors associated with...
Prostate cancer (PCa) stage at diagnosis is an important predictor of cancer prognosis. In Canada, over one-quarter of males are diagnosed with advanced-stage PCa. Studies have identified several factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis; however, evidence from Canada is limited. This study aimed to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health history, health practices, and psychosocial factors and PCa stage at diagnosis among males participating in Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP), a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. The study included males aged 35-69 years who developed PCa until January 2018. Factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis were examined using partial proportional odds (PPO) ordinal regression models. A total of 410 males were diagnosed with PCa over the study period. A higher number of lifetime prostate-specific antigen tests were associated with earlier-stage PCa (OR 0.91, = 0.02, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), while higher abdominal circumference (OR 1.02, = 0.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.03), lower social support (OR 2.34, < 0.01, 95% CI 1.31-4.17), and having children (OR 2.67, < 0.01, 95% CI 1.38-5.16) were associated with later-stage disease. This study identified factors previously found in the literature as well as novel factors associated with PCa stage at diagnosis, which can help inform targets for cancer prevention programs to improve PCa prognosis.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Multimodality Functional Imaging Study to Evaluate Neuroinflammation.
Saleem A, Shah SIA, Mangar SA … +5 more , Coello C, Wall MB, Rizzo G, Jones T, Price PM
Prostate Cancer · 2023 · PMID 37885823 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is implicated as a possible cause of cognitive impairment (CI). CI in dementia and Alzheimer's disease is associated with neuroinflammation. In this stud...
BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is implicated as a possible cause of cognitive impairment (CI). CI in dementia and Alzheimer's disease is associated with neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated a potential role of neuroinflammation in ADT-related CI. METHODS: Patients with prostate cancer on ADT for ≥3 months were categorized as having ADT-emergent CI or normal cognition (NC) based on self-report at interview. Neuroinflammation was evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET) with the translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand [C]-PBR28. [C]-PBR28 uptake in various brain regions was quantified as standardized uptake value (SUVR, normalized to cerebellum) and related to blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) choice-reaction time task (CRT) activation maps. RESULTS: Eleven patients underwent PET: four with reported CI (rCI), six with reported NC (rNC), and one status unrecorded. PET did not reveal any between-group differences in SUVR regionally or globally. There was no difference between groups on brain activation to the CRT. Regardless of the reported cognitive status, there was strong correlation between PET-TSPO signal and CRT activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial cortex. CONCLUSIONS: We found no difference in neuroinflammation measured by PET-TSPO between patients with rCI and rNC. However, we speculate that the strong correlation between TSPO uptake and BOLD-fMRI activation in brain regions involved in memory and known to have high androgen-receptor expression mediating plasticity (hippocampus and amygdala) might reflect inflammatory effects of ADT with compensatory upregulated/increased synaptic functions. Further studies of this imaging readout are warranted to investigate ADT-related CI.
Carriage of Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Variants of ELAC2 Gene and Risk Factors in Patients with Prostate Cancer in Burkina Faso.
Traoré ADD, Ky BD, Traoré L … +13 more , Zohoncon TM, Zouré AA, Yonli AT, Sombié HK, Sorgho PA, Elvira Bazié BVJT, Tovo SFA, Kadanga E, Bakyono BS, Traore K, Ouédraogo TC, Djigma FW, Simpore J
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36643816 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Genetic factors are one of the significant contributors to prostate cancer (PCa) development, and hereditary prostate cancer 2 (HPC2) locus gene ELAC2 is considered a PCa susceptibility region. The HPC2/ELAC2...
BACKGROUND: Genetic factors are one of the significant contributors to prostate cancer (PCa) development, and hereditary prostate cancer 2 (HPC2) locus gene ELAC2 is considered a PCa susceptibility region. The HPC2/ELAC2 gene has been identified by linkage analysis in familial prostate cancer patients in the United States but has never been studied in Burkina Faso. The objective of the present study was to analyze the carriage of the C650T (Ser217Leu) and G1621A (Ala541Thr) mutations of the ELAC2 gene and the risk factors in prostate cancer patients in Burkina Faso. METHODS: This case-control study included 76 participants, including 38 histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases and 38 healthy controls without prostate abnormalities. PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to characterize the genotypes of the Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of the ELAC2 gene. The correlations between the different genotypes and risk factors for prostate cancer were investigated. RESULTS: The C650T mutation was present in 44.73% of prostate cancer cases and 47.37% of controls. The G1621A mutation was present in 26.32% of prostate cancer cases and 15.79% of controls. We did not detect an association between prostate cancer risk and the Ser217Leu (=0.972) and Ala541Thr (=0.267) variants of the ELAC2 gene. Also, the two ELAC2 SNPs did not correlate with clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, or the Gleason score on biopsies. However, we found that 100% of homozygous carriers of the T650 mutation have an A1621 mutation ( ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms of ELAC2, considered alone or in combination, are not associated with prostate cancer risk.
The Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Characteristics of Brain Metastases in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Mirmoeeni S, Azari Jafari A, Shah M … +3 more , Salemi F, Hashemi SZ, Seifi A
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36474619 · Full text
AIM: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common nonskin malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The most common site of metastasis in PCa is the axial skeleton which may lead to...
AIM: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common nonskin malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The most common site of metastasis in PCa is the axial skeleton which may lead to back pain or pathological fractures. Hematogenous spread to the brain and involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare occurrence. However, failed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may facilitate such a spread resulting in an advanced metastatic stage of PCa, which carries a poor prognosis. METHODS: In this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases based on the PRISMA guideline and used all the medical subject headings (MeSH) in terms of the following search line: ("Brain Neoplasms" OR "Central Nervous System Neoplasms") and ("Prostatic Neoplasms" OR "Prostate"). Related studies were identified and reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 59 eligible studies (902 patients) were included in this systematic review. In order to gain a deeper understanding, we extracted and presented the data from included articles based on clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognostic status of PCa patients having BMs. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated the current knowledge regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis of BMs in PCa. These data shed more light on the way to help clinicians and physicians to understand, diagnose, and manage BMs in PCa patients better.
Complications of Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis and Risk Factors.
Castro P, Arantes PBO, Martins YMR … +3 more , Reis MNM, Drummond-Lage AP, Wainstein AJA
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36317165 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The knowledge of risk factors and complications related to extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during radical prostatectomy can help selecting patients who will benefit the most with lymph node diss...
BACKGROUND: The knowledge of risk factors and complications related to extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during radical prostatectomy can help selecting patients who will benefit the most with lymph node dissection concomitant to radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort evaluating 135 patients with PC, with a high risk for lymph node metastasis, submitted to ePLND by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2019, performed either by the laparoscopic or laparoscopic robot-assisted approach. Data related to complications were properly recorded using the Martin's criteria and were classified by the Satava and Clavien-Dindo-Strasberg methods. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of complications related to ePLND. RESULTS: The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 10.2 ± 4.9, and in 28.2%, they were positive for metastasis. There were five intraoperative complications (4%), all in patients operated by laparoscopic approach. There were nine severe postoperative complications (7.3%), four of which occurred after postoperative day 30. Three patients (2.4%) had thromboembolic complications and five patients (4.0%) had lymphocele that required treatment. There was a correlation between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification and postoperative complications (=0.06), but it was not possible to identify statistically significant predictors. CONCLUSION: ePLND during radical prostatectomy has a low rate of intraoperative complications and may change prostate cancer staging. Postoperative complications, especially venous thromboembolism and lymphocele, need to be monitored even in the late postoperative period.
Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study of Apalutamide plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy versus Apalutamide Monotherapy versus Androgen Deprivation Monotherapy in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.
Aggarwal R, Alumkal JJ, Szmulewitz RZ … +9 more , Higano CS, Bryce AH, Lopez-Gitlitz A, McCarthy SA, Miladinovic B, McQuarrie K, Thomas S, Zhang K, Small EJ
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 36212187 · Full text
PURPOSE: This randomized phase 2 study sought to assess the treatment effect of a finite duration of apalutamide with and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCR PC). Pa...
PURPOSE: This randomized phase 2 study sought to assess the treatment effect of a finite duration of apalutamide with and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (BCR PC). Patients with BCR PC after primary definitive therapy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time ≤12 months were randomized to open-label apalutamide (240 mg/d) alone, apalutamide plus ADT, or ADT alone (1 : 1:1 ratio) for 12 months followed by a 12-month observation period (NCT01790126). Mean changes from baseline in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) at 12 months (primary endpoint) and other prespecified assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), PSA nadir, time to PSA progression, time to testosterone recovery, recovered testosterone >150 ng/dL without PSA progression at 24 months, and molecular markers were evaluated. RESULTS: In 90 enrolled patients (apalutamide plus ADT ( = 31), apalutamide ( = 29), ADT ( = 30)), FACT-P at 12 months was not significantly different between apalutamide, ADT and apalutamide, and ADT groups. Addition of apalutamide to ADT prolonged time to PSA progression but this change did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio (HR): 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-1.36, =0.196); time to testosterone recovery was similar in the ADT-containing groups. In apalutamide plus ADT, apalutamide, and ADT groups, 37.9%, 37.0%, and 19.2% of patients, respectively, had testosterone >150 ng/dL at 24 months without confirmed PSA progression. Of the few biomarkers expressed in blood, was significantly associated with shorter time to PSA progression (=0.02) in the overall population. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL was similar in patients treated with apalutamide alone, ADT alone, or their combination, although apalutamide plus ADT did not demonstrate statistically significant noninferiority in change from baseline in overall HRQoL. The aggregated efficacy and safety outcomes support further evaluation of apalutamide plus ADT in BCR PC.
Expansion of Lymphocytes from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Adjacent Nonmalignant Tissue.
Nguyen LT, Lo CS, Fyrsta M … +16 more , Nie J, Yam JY, Yen PH, Le MX, Hersey K, Kenk M, Crumbaker M, Fleshner N, Kulkarni G, Hamilton R, Jewett M, Finelli A, Evans A, Sweet J, Ohashi PS, Joshua AM
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35754788 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The evaluation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid malignancies has yielded insights into immune regulation within the tumour microenvironment and has also led to the development and optimisati...
BACKGROUND: The evaluation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid malignancies has yielded insights into immune regulation within the tumour microenvironment and has also led to the development and optimisation of adoptive T cell therapies. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the expansion of TILs from prostate adenocarcinoma, as a preliminary step to evaluate the potential of TILs for adoptive T cell therapy. . Malignant and adjacent nonmalignant tissues were obtained from fifteen men undergoing radical prostatectomy. . There were no study interventions. . Expanded cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and the data was assessed for associations between cell subpopulations and expansion rate. RESULTS: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes could be expanded to numbers that would be needed to generate a therapeutic infusion product from nine of 15 malignant specimens (60%). The CD4 T cells predominated over CD8 T cells (median 56.8% CD4, 30.0% CD8), and furthermore, faster TIL expansion was associated with a higher proportion of CD4 T cells (median 69.8% in faster-growing cultures; 36.8% in slower-growing cultures). A higher proportion of CD3CD56 cells versus CD3 cells was associated with slower TIL expansion in cultures from malignant specimens (median 13.3% in slower-growing cultures versus 2.05% in faster-growing cultures), but not from nonmalignant specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The expansion of TILs for potential therapeutic use is feasible. Our findings also indicate that further examination of TILs from prostate adenocarcinomas may yield insights into mechanisms of regulation of T cells within the tumour microenvironment. Further research is required to evaluate their therapeutic potential.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Predictive Models in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Saatchi M, Khatami F, Mashhadi R … +4 more , Mirzaei A, Zareian L, Ahadi Z, Aghamir SMK
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35719243 · Full text
AIM: Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has a fundamental role in clinical and patient care. Recent advances in diagnostic testing and marker lead to standardized interpretation and increased prescription by cli...
AIM: Accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has a fundamental role in clinical and patient care. Recent advances in diagnostic testing and marker lead to standardized interpretation and increased prescription by clinicians to improve the detection of clinically significant PCa and select patients who strictly require targeted biopsies. METHODS: In this study, we present a systematic review of the overall diagnostic accuracy of each testing panel regarding the panel details. In this meta-analysis, using a structured search, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched up to 23 September 2019 with no restrictions and filters. The study's outcome was the AUC and 95% confidence interval of prediction models. This index was reported as an overall and based on the WHO region and models with/without MRI. RESULTS: The thirteen final articles included 25,691 people. The overall AUC and 95% CI in thirteen studies were 0.78 and 95% CI: 0.73-0.82. The weighted average AUC in the countries of the Americas region was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70-0.75), and in European countries, it was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88). In four studies with MRI, the average weighted AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90), while in other articles where MRI was not a parameter in the diagnostic model, the mean AUC was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70-0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The present study's findings showed that MRI significantly improved the detection accuracy of prostate cancer and had the highest discrimination to distinguish candidates for biopsy.
Clinical Features and Body Composition in Men with Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study Examining Differences by Race.
Sheean PM, O'Connor P, Joyce C … +3 more , Vasilopoulos V, Badami A, Stolley M
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35693376 · Full text
Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findin...
Black men treated with frontline therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) show better clinical outcomes than non-Black men receiving similar treatments. Variations in body composition may contribute to these findings. However, preliminary data are required to support this concept. We conducted a retrospective cohort study for all men with MPC evaluated at our center over a 4-year period, collecting demographic and clinical data ( = 74). Of these, 55 men had diagnostic computed tomography images to quantify adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, specifically sarcopenia and myosteatosis. Nineteen men had repeat imaging to explore changes over time. Frequencies, medians, interquartile ranges, and time to event analyses (hazard ratios (HR); confidence interval (CI)) are presented, stratified by race. Overall, 49% ( = 27) of men had sarcopenia, 49% ( = 27) had myosteatosis, and 29% ( = 16) had sarcopenia and myosteatosis simultaneously. No significant relationship between body mass index (Log-rank =0.86; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.45-2.49) or sarcopenia (Log-rank=0.92; HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.46-2.19) and overall survival was observed. However, the presence of myosteatosis at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall survival (Log-rank =0.09; HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.05-5.23), with more pronounced (statistically nonsignificant) negative associations for Black (HR: 4.39, 95% CI: 0.92-21.1, =0.06) versus non-Black men (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.79-4.54, =0.16). Over the median 12.5 months between imaging, the median decline in skeletal muscle was 4% for all men. Black men displayed a greater propensity to gain more adipose tissue than non-Black men, specifically subcutaneous (=0.01). Because of the potential for Type II errors in this pilot, future studies should seek to further evaluate the implications of body composition on outcomes. This will require larger, adequately powered investigations with diverse patient representation.
MRI-Based Radiotherapy Planning to Reduce Rectal Dose in Excess of Tolerance.
Schmidt DR, Bhagwat M, Glazer DI … +6 more , Chen MH, Moteabbed M, McMahon E, Loffredo MJ, Tempany CM, D'Amico AV
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35154830 · Full text
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective single-arm study enrolled 15 men treated with IG-IMRT for localized prostate cancer. All participants received a dedicated 3 Tesla MRI examination of the prostate in addition to a...
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective single-arm study enrolled 15 men treated with IG-IMRT for localized prostate cancer. All participants received a dedicated 3 Tesla MRI examination of the prostate in addition to a pelvic CT examination for treatment planning. Two volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with a prescription dose of 79.2 Gy were designed using identical constraints based on CT- and MRI-defined consensus volumes. The volume of rectum exposed to 70 Gy or more was compared using the Wilcoxon paired signed rank test. RESULTS: For CT-based treatment plans, the median volume of rectum receiving 70 Gy or more was 9.3 cubic centimeters (cc) (IQR 7.0 to 10.2) compared with 4.9 cc (IQR 4.1 to 7.8) for MRI-based plans. This resulted in a median volume reduction of 2.1 cc (IQR 0.5 to 5.3, < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Using MRI to plan prostate IG-IMRT to a dose of 79.2 Gy reduces the volume of rectum receiving radiation dose in excess of tolerance (70 Gy or more) and should be considered in men who are at high risk for late rectal toxicity and are not good candidates for other rectal sparing techniques such as hydrogel spacer. This trial is registered with NCT02470910.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening According to Health Professional Counseling and Age in the United States.
Merrill RM, Otto SA, Hammond EB
Prostate Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35036010 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended that PSA screening for prostate cancer involve men aged 55-69, based on a personal decision following consultation with a health professional. PSA sc...
BACKGROUND: In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended that PSA screening for prostate cancer involve men aged 55-69, based on a personal decision following consultation with a health professional. PSA screening in men aged 70 or older should only occur if symptoms exist. This study identifies the association between having a PSA test in the past two years and whether or not there was consultation with a health professional about the benefits and/or harms of PSA screening. METHODS: Analyses were based on data involving men aged 40 years or older, who responded to PSA related questions in the 2018 BRFSS survey. RESULTS: Approximately 32.0% (14.6% for ages 40-54, 41.7% for ages 55-69, and 49.8% for ages 70 years and older) of respondents had a PSA test in the past two years. Approximately 81.7% of these men had talked with a health professional about the benefits and/or harms of PSA screening, with 42.4% having discussed the benefits and harms, 54.6% having discussed the benefits only, and 3.0% having discussed the harms only. The odds of a PSA test in the past two years in men having talked with a health professional about the benefits and harms of the test versus no talk are 10.1 (95% CI 9.3-10.8), in men who talked with a health professional about the benefits only versus no talk are 10.8 (95% CI 10.0-11.6), and in men who talked with a health professional about the harms only versus no talk are 3.9 (95% CI 2.9-5.1). CONCLUSION: PSA screening is most common in men aged 70 or older, which is counter to the US Preventive Task Force recommendation. Most men having a PSA test have talked with a health professional about the test, but the talks tended to focus on just the benefits of screening and not both potential benefits and harms.
Cosmetic Appeal, HRQoL, and Effectiveness of Simple and Pseudotesticular Techniques of Orchidectomy in Prostate Cancer.
Chibuzo INC, Takure AO, Shittu OB … +1 more , Okeke LI
Prostate Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34868687 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Orchidectomy is the most cost-effective means of hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (LAMP). However, cost-effectiveness should not detract from health-related quality of lif...
INTRODUCTION: Orchidectomy is the most cost-effective means of hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (LAMP). However, cost-effectiveness should not detract from health-related quality of life (HRQoL) considerations. Bilateral simple orchidectomy (BSO) has been linked to negative psychometric deficits from an empty scrotum. This study compared the HRQoL, therapeutic efficacy, and cosmetic appeal of BSO with endogenous pseudotesticular techniques of bilateral subcapsular orchidectomy (BSCO) and bilateral-epididymal-sparing orchidectomy (BESO). . Nigerian patients with LAMP were randomised into three surgical arms: BSO, BSCO, and BESO. Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 HRQoL and sociodemographic questionnaires were administered before and three months after orchidectomy. Serum testosterone and PSA were measured at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours; 7 days; and 3 months postoperatively. Pseudotesticular volumes and cosmetic appeal were assessed at 3 months. RESULT: Sixty-three patients were recruited (24 BSO, 21 BSCO, 18 BESO), 73% of whom were low-income earners. There was no significant difference in the procedure cost nor the PSA or testosterone nadirs achieved over the three-month follow-up period (11.3, 12.6, 15.2 ng/ml (=0.667) and 0.44, 0.64, 0.79 nmol/l (=0.603) respectively). Those with pseudotesticles (BSCO, BESO) felt less emasculated (=0.010). BSCO produced the least sexual bother, highest sexual function, and largest pseudotesticular volumes. The cosmetic appeal scores were similar between groups (77.9 ± 22.8, 81 ± 13.9, and 81.9 ± 22.5, respectively, =0.858). CONCLUSION: Endogenous pseudotesticular techniques, when compared with BSO, reduce the negative psychological impact experienced by patients without increasing costs. BSCO produced the best pseudotesticular volumes and postoperative sexual function. This study is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov of the National Institute of Health U.S. National Library of Medicine as TEPSO study, NCT03744494: Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of Three Techniques of Bilateral Orchidectomy in Prostate Cancer Patients of a Nigerian Sub-population. Registration completed on 16 of November, 2018 (registered retrospectively) NCT03744494.
Relevance of Interleukins 6 and 8 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study.
Ghazy AA, Alenzi MJ
Prostate Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34327025 · Full text
The diverse roles of cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8 have been studied in terms of their SNPs in many diseases but their role in prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. . To determine the relevance of IL-6 rs1800795 SNP and...
The diverse roles of cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8 have been studied in terms of their SNPs in many diseases but their role in prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. . To determine the relevance of IL-6 rs1800795 SNP and/or IL-8 rs2227306 SNP with prostate cancer's risk. . 40 PCa patients, 40 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 40-age-matched-control group were enrolled in the study. Genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 (G/C) SNP and IL-8 rs2227306 (C/T) SNP was determined using real-time PCR. . High frequency of IL-6 rs1800795GG and IL-8 rs2227306CC genotypes was noticed among PCa patients with associated OR 10.091 and 8.143, respectively. Comparisons based on allele frequencies revealed that IL-6G and IL-8C alleles are more frequent among PCa patients than other groups. Presence of IL-6 rs1800795G and IL-8 rs2227306C alleles in the same patient increase PCa risk by 16.7 times. Statistical correlations between PSA ratio and both of IL-6 and IL-8 SNP did not show any significant relation among PCa patients. . IL-6 rs1800795G and IL-8 rs2227306C alleles could be considered risk factors for PCa development, particularly if presented together. However, no relation was found between both cytokines SNP and severity of prostate cancer.
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