Oliver M, Nuruzzaman F, Lenert A
… +31 more, Jayatilleke A, Theos A, Palmou-Fontana N, Skinner A, Twilt M, Wu EY, Aguiar C, Shah S, Romano M, Li S, Lapidus S, King J, Gerber S, Welc B, Bergstrom L, Fox E, Hollander M, Simonini G, Alsaleem A, Chan KK, Laxer R, Onel K, Ozen S, Dedeoglu F, Ferguson P, Helliwell P, Shea B, Hedrich C, Akikusa J, Mease P, Zhao Y
INTRODUCTION: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome are autoinflammatory bone diseases of unknown etiology that present with bone pain and v...INTRODUCTION: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome are autoinflammatory bone diseases of unknown etiology that present with bone pain and varying degrees of extraosseous manifestations such as skin, intestinal and joint involvement. Currently, there are no validated outcome measurement sets that represent the input from all collaborating groups. METHODS: The OMERACT CNO & SAPHO working group performed a scoping review to identify domains previously used in CNO and SAPHO clinical studies. The list of potential domains was narrowed through a process of binning and winnowing. RESULTS: A scoping review included 260 observational studies published from 1978 -2020 and 220 domains were initially identified. Domains were reduced to 25 through a binning and winnowing process. Domains cover each of the OMERACT core with most domains mapped to life impact and pathophysiological manifestations. CONCLUSION: We identified 25 potential domains covering health concepts of function, disease manifestations, pain, and impact on mental health and societal participation to be included in the final core domain set. The next step will be to reach a consensus on the final CNO & SAPHO core domain set and begin instrument selection.
Glatre A, Mahévas T, Jaccard C
… +10 more, Moulis G, Chasset F, Senet P, Pillebout E, Puechal X, Durel CA, Audemard-Verger A, Grobost V, Jachiet M, Terrier B
OBJECTIVES: IgA vasculitis is a rare disease in adults, with a relapsing or refractory course in some cases. Non-severe cutaneous relapses have been less documented than those with renal involvement, and data on the ther...OBJECTIVES: IgA vasculitis is a rare disease in adults, with a relapsing or refractory course in some cases. Non-severe cutaneous relapses have been less documented than those with renal involvement, and data on the therapeutic management of such situations are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the cutaneous response rate with different treatment regimens. METHODS: This French retrospective multicenter study included patients with IgA vasculitis who experienced cutaneous relapses or refractory disease after first-line therapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of cutaneous response at month 3. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were included, 64% of whom were male. First-line therapy was colchicine in 54% and low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) in 38%. After failure of the first-line therapy, patients received a median of 1 [1-2.3] additional line of treatment. Cutaneous response at 3 months was achieved in 82% with dapsone alone, 73% with GCs alone or in combination with colchicine or dapsone, 71% with cDMARDs and 57% with colchicine. The relapse rate was 46% with dapsone alone, 23% with GCs alone or in combination with colchicine or dapsone, 29% with cDMARDs and 7% with colchicine. CONCLUSION: In adult relapsing or refractory cutaneous IgA vasculitis, dapsone, GCs and cDMARDs provided the highest rates of cutaneous response. Considering the risk-benefit ratio and potential adverse events, dapsone appears to be an interesting option in adult relapsing or refractory cutaneous IgA vasculitis.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, characteristics and evolution of African descent patients with IIM in the Caribbean Island of Martinique with free access to high standard socialized healthcare. METHODS: Retrospe...OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology, characteristics and evolution of African descent patients with IIM in the Caribbean Island of Martinique with free access to high standard socialized healthcare. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study from January 1, 2000 to June 2023 at the University Hospital of Martinique, the island's only tertiary care center. Patients with clinically myopathic or amyopathic adult-onset dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM), overlap myositis (OM) were included. Baseline clinical, immunological, radiological characteristics, and treatments were collected along with occurrence of relapses and deaths RESULTS: Mean IIM incidence was 2.34/100,000. The 2022 prevalence of IIM reached 32.2/100,000 inhabitants, with variations between subtypes. 174 patients were included, of whom 55 (32 %) had ASyS, 44 (25 %) OM, 44 (25 %) DM, 16 (9 %) PM, 14 (8 %) IMNM and 1 (0.6 %) IBM. Median time from first symptoms to diagnosis was 4.2 months [2.0 to 12.3]. Anti-Jo1, anti-PL12 and anti-SRP were the most frequent myositis specific autoantibody detected. Most frequent manifestations were arthralgia (65 %), muscle weakness (61 %) and skin DM lesions (53 %). At diagnosis, 77 (52 %) and 28 patients (16 %) had interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cardiac involvement, respectively. ASyS was more frequently clinically amyopathic (p < 0.05) and had more frequently ILD (p < 0.05). After treatments, sixty-nine patients (40 %) relapsed in a median time of 2.8 years [1.1 to 7.2]. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence and prevalence of IIM in the Caribbean Island of Martinique, and a pulmonary and cardiac threat at IIM diagnosis in African descent population.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary diseases (PD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common and cover several entities. Diagnosing PD in SLE is often challenging, why reliable biomarkers are warranted. Several studies have expl...BACKGROUND: Pulmonary diseases (PD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common and cover several entities. Diagnosing PD in SLE is often challenging, why reliable biomarkers are warranted. Several studies have explored the relationship between circulating biomarkers (CB) and detection of PD in SLE, but with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate evidence supporting associations between CB and PD in SLE through a systematic literature review of observational studies. METHOD: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies addressing potential associations between CB and PD in SLE. Afterwards forward- and backward citation search was performed. Internal validity and risk of bias were addressed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Outcome Reporting Bias in Trials (ORBIT). Association between CB and PD across studies were investigated through meta-analyses and individual studies were summarized in tables. RESULTS: We identified 13,504 references; of these, 24 studies were eligible, including 1883 patients and 43 different CB. In individual studies 21 different CB were significantly associated with PD. Meta-analyses resulted in 10 associations of potential clinical significance between PD or PD-related outcomes and five CB (anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, anti-Ribonucleoprotein antibodies, anti-Smith antibodies, CC motif Ligand 21, and Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 10). CONCLUSION: Through meta-analyses we identified CB that were significantly associated with PD in SLE including anti-dsDNA. Furthermore, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and CCL21 were associated with reduced pulmonary function in SLE. The results were rated with very low certainty of evidence, why they are hypothesis generating. Further studies addressing associations are needed.
OBJECTIVE: Estimating the incidence of new thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in a single-center prospective cohort of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (PAPS) patients over approximately 7.5 years and identifying risk fa...OBJECTIVE: Estimating the incidence of new thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in a single-center prospective cohort of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (PAPS) patients over approximately 7.5 years and identifying risk factors associated with a first recurrent thrombotic and hemorrhagic event. METHODS: Incidence rates of thrombosis and hemorrhage were calculated considering that patients remained at continuous risk and could experience multiple events. For time-to-event analysis of the first thrombotic episode, patients were followed until their first thrombotic event or last outpatient visit, and baseline clinical and laboratory data were compared. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: A total of 155 PAPS patients were included, 83.2 % were female. Hypertension was present in 43.9 %, and diabetes in 9 %. Lupus anticoagulant was the most common antibody (93.4 %). During 942 patient-years of follow-up, 32 thrombotic events (18 arterial, 12 venous, and 2 thrombotic microangiopathies) occurred in 26 patients, yielding an incidence rate of 3.4 per 100 patient-years. The INR was within the therapeutic target in 50 % of the 22 events. The incidence of a first thrombotic event was 3.2 per 100 patient-years, occurring at a mean of 3.2 ± 2.0 years. Diabetes was independently associated with increased thrombotic risk (HR 4.10, 95 % CI 1.72-9.78, p = 0.001). Eight first major hemorrhages were recorded (0.9 per 100 patient-years), with baseline microvascular involvement as associated risk factor (HR 9.04, 95 % CI 2.15-37.92, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Thrombotic events were frequent in PAPS, even with therapeutic INR. Diabetes increased 4-fold the risk of a first thrombotic event.
BACKGROUND: The role of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains undefined. Prognostic tools are needed for SLE as the phenotypes differ in prognosis and treatment. Recent studies...BACKGROUND: The role of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains undefined. Prognostic tools are needed for SLE as the phenotypes differ in prognosis and treatment. Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of capillary abnormalities in SLE. This study investigated whether distinct NVC patterns are associated with distinct SLE phenotypes. METHODS: We did NVC and comprehensive clinical characterisation in 56 patients with SLE. Correlations within NVC findings were tested using Spearman's rho. Subsets of patients with similar NVC changes were identified through hierarchical cluster analysis of principal components based on Z-normalised scores, and associations with clinical phenotypes were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The cohort included 56 patients with SLE who had a median SLEDAI score of 6 (interquartile range: 3-10). The capillaroscopic alterations observed were ramifications (66%), disorganisation (89%), tortuous appearance (75%), low density (86%), meandering appearance (52%), dilatations (23%), and microhaemorrhages (29%). Cluster analysis identified three clusters: one dominated by ramifications (n = 16), one dominated by dilations (n = 10), and an unspecific reference cluster. The cluster dominated by ramifications correlated with chronic cutaneous lupus and Raynaud's phenomenon, while the cluster dominated by dilatations correlated with antiphospholipid syndrome and the presence of ≥2 antiphospholipid antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Capillaroscopic alterations are common in patients with SLE, and capillary ramifications and dilations are linked to distinct SLE phenotypes. The potential of NVC as a prognostic tool for specific organ involvement in patients with SLE should be further explored, hopefully paving the way for early prevention of severe manifestations and damage.
BACKGROUND: Medium vessel vasculitis (MVV), including polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), poses a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific symptoms. While F-18 FDG PET/CT is well-established in large vessel vasculitis, its r...BACKGROUND: Medium vessel vasculitis (MVV), including polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), poses a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific symptoms. While F-18 FDG PET/CT is well-established in large vessel vasculitis, its role in MVV remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the patterns of F-18 FDG uptake and evaluate the sensitivity of F-18 FDG PET/CT in patients with MVV. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy or imaging evidence of MVV who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT at Mayo Clinic sites. F-18 PET/CT findings were correlated with clinical features, biopsy results, and other imaging. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of F-18 FDG PET/CT positivity. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were included in the study; 23 (60.5%) were male and 32 (86.5%) were white, with a mean age at diagnosis of 58 years. Biopsies were done in 25 patients and showed evidence of vasculitis in 16 (64%). F-18 FDG PET/CT scans showed evidence of abnormal tracer uptake in 14 patients (36.8 %). Common F-18 PET/CT findings included uptake in lower extremity vessels (10), muscles (7), and upper extremity vessels (5). The most common pattern of muscle uptake was linear (6/7). Glucocorticoid use prior to F-18 FDG PET/CT was common and reported in 17. F-18 FDG PET/CT sensitivity was significantly higher in patients without prior glucocorticoid use (47.6% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: F-18 FDG PET/CT scans can show characteristic findings in MVV, with predominant involvement of lower extremity vessels and muscle uptake. However, it has limited sensitivity, and this can be further influenced by glucocorticoid use.
Semin Arthritis Rheum
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41232460
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BACKGROUND: Frailty is prevalent among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, however the association between frailty and mortality in RA is not well understood. METHODS: Partici...BACKGROUND: Frailty is prevalent among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, however the association between frailty and mortality in RA is not well understood. METHODS: Participants from the Veterans Association Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) Registry enrolled from 1/2003 to 12/2020 were included. Frailty was measured using the VA Frailty Index (VA-FI) which categorized participants as robust, pre-frail, mildly frail, and moderate/severely frail. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling evaluated the relationship between baseline frailty and mortality, adjusted for demographics, disease activity, smoking, and disease treatments. FINDINGS: 2792 Veterans were included with mean age of 64.3 years. 2457 (88 %) were male and 459 (17 %) were Black. Of these, 883 (32 %) were robust, 1112 (40 %) prefrail, 520 (19 %) mildly frail, and 277 (10 %) moderately to severely frail. In total, 1283 (46 %) of participants died during the 20 years of observation. The risk of mortality increased with increasing levels of frailty - prefrail aHR 1.46 [95 % CI 1.25 - 1.69], mild frailty aHR 1.97 [95 % CI 1.66 - 2.33], moderate/severe frailty aHR 2.93 [95 % CI 2.39 - 3.59]. The VA-FI frailty domains with the highest association with mortality were morbidities and functional impairments. INTERPRETATIONS: There is a stepwise increase in mortality risk and decrease in survival time, associated with higher degrees of frailty in RA. Morbidities and functional impairments are associated with the greatest risk increase of mortality. The VA-FI may serve as an important prognostic tool in the RA population.
Semin Arthritis Rheum
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41232458
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OBJECTIVES: Assess atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus general population and identify predictors of AF in RA. METHODS: Retrospective medical records review was completed to fo...OBJECTIVES: Assess atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus general population and identify predictors of AF in RA. METHODS: Retrospective medical records review was completed to form an inception cohort of all patients with RA (1990-2019), among residents of 8 southern MN counties, aged ≥18 years. Each patient with RA was matched on age, sex, year, and county to randomly selected non-RA comparator and followed until incident AF, death, migration, or 12/31/2023. AF was defined using an electronic algorithm. RESULTS: 1899 patients with RA and 1899 non-RA comparators (mean age 55.9 years, 68.5% female) were included. Occurrence of AF was similar in RA vs. non-RA, adjusting for age, sex, year, smoking, and obesity: HR:1.10; 95%CI:0.92-1.33. The 10-year cumulative incidence of AF was 9.5% in RA versus 8.8% in non-RA. In RA, significant risk factors for incident AF included age (HR:2.29 per 10-year increase; 95%CI:2.05-2.56), male sex (HR:1.57; 95%CI:1.22-2.03), former smoking (HR:1.35; 95%CI:1.01-1.81), current smoking (HR:2.16; 95%CI:1.51-3.09), obesity (HR:1.83, 95%CI:1.42-2.37), diabetes (HR:1.54, 95%CI:1.09-2.17), hypertension (HR:1.60; 95%CI:1.20-2.13), rheumatoid nodules (HR:1.77; 95%CI:1.23-2.55), large joint swelling (HR:1.32; 95%CI:1.01-1.73), and severe extra-articular manifestations (HR:1.88; 95%CI:1.17-3.02). AF occurrence rate was higher among patients with severe RA (i.e., erosions/destructive changes, nodules, or severe extra-articular manifestations in the first year) compared to non-RA (HR:1.46; 95%CI:1.09-1.94). CONCLUSION: Adverse cardiovascular risk profile and RA disease severity significantly increased the risk of AF among patients with RA. Future studies will inform to what extent early recognition and management of these factors improves AF outcomes in RA.
Martín-Gutiérrez A, Loricera J, Prieto-Peña D
… +8 more, Aldasoro V, Maiz O, de Miguel E, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, Ferraz-Amaro I, Castañeda S, Blanco R, Tocilizumab in Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish Collaborative Group
BACKGROUND: Aortitis is a frequent and potentially serious complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The phenotype associated with aortitis (GCA-aortitis) can present greater therapeutic challenges than the cranial-dom...BACKGROUND: Aortitis is a frequent and potentially serious complication of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The phenotype associated with aortitis (GCA-aortitis) can present greater therapeutic challenges than the cranial-dominant phenotype. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is approved for GCA, although its efficacy in GCA-aortitis has not been specifically assessed in randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of TCZ monotherapy (TCZmono) compared with TCZ plus conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) (TCZcombo) in patients with GCA-aortitis in real-world practice, and to identify variables associated with imaging remission. METHODS: A multicenter observational study comparing TCZcombo versus TCZmono. Outcomes at 12 and 24 months included clinical remission, EULAR-defined remission, imaging remission, prednisone-sparing effect, and safety. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors linked to imaging remission at 24 months. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients (148 female, 48 male) with GCA-aortitis received TCZ (136 TCZmono, 60 TCZcombo). At 24 months, imaging remission was higher in the TCZcombo group (50.0%¦vs. 15.8%; p=0.026). No significant differences were found in clinical or EULAR-defined remission. TCZcombo demonstrated a prednisone-sparing effect. The serious adverse event (SAE) rate was numerically lower with TCZcombo (8.7 vs. 13.2 per 100 patient-years; p=0.21). TCZcombo increased the odds of imaging remission 5.26-fold (odds ratio [OR] 5.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-26.85; p=0.046). CONCLUSION: In patients with GCA-aortitis, TCZcombo may be more effective than TCZmono in achieving imaging remission and promoting glucocorticoid tapering, but without definitive evidence regarding a reduction of serious adverse events.
Gono T, Gil-Vila A, Selva-O'Callaghan A
… +24 more, van Royen-Kerkhof A, Vincze A, Mecoli C, Gómez-Martín D, Hamann D, Conticini E, Griger Z, Torres-Ruiz JJ, Pauling JD, Chinoy H, Gupta L, Bodoki L, Nasir N, Chavan PP, Khubchandani R, Ernesto TA, Hamaguchi Y, Rider LG, Aggarwal R, Tansley S, Rönnelid J, Kuwana M, McHugh NJ, International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) Myositis Autoantibody Scientific Interest Group (SIG) Study
Semin Arthritis Rheum
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41176843
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analytical performance of commercial myositis-specific autoantibody (MSA) assays against immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analytical performance of commercial myositis-specific autoantibody (MSA) assays against immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus through July 2024. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, index tests, and 2 × 2 contingency tables for diagnostic performance. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each dataset and presented as paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves. A hierarchical SROC model was used to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Of 3156 articles, 23 met inclusion criteria and were judged to have low risk of bias across all QUADAS-2 domains. The most frequently evaluated commercial assay was the line blot assay (LBA; 16 studies), followed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA; 9 studies). In the meta-analyses, the highest pooled sensitivity was observed for anti-MDA5 with EIA (95.7 %), followed by anti-SAE with LBA (88.3 %), anti-PL-12 with LBA (87.2 %), and anti-Jo-1 and anti-MDA5 with LBA (82.8 %). Lower sensitivities were observed for anti-Mi-2 (67.4 %), anti-NXP2 (69.7 %), and anti-TIF1-γ (63.8 %) with LBA. Pooled specificity ranged from 94.7 % to 99.3 % across MSA assays, but a false-positive result was a common concern for LBA, except for anti-EJ. CONCLUSION: False-positive and false-negative results remain a significant challenge in the use of commercial MSA assays.
OBJECTIVES: Primary failure of targeted DMARDs (biologic or synthetic) is common in rheumatologic practice. We aimed to define the incidence of primary failure in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify the...OBJECTIVES: Primary failure of targeted DMARDs (biologic or synthetic) is common in rheumatologic practice. We aimed to define the incidence of primary failure in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify the factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS: We included patients with PsA followed at our prospective observational cohort. We defined primary failure as either the physician's judgment of ineffectiveness during the first year of therapy or failure, at the one-year visit, to achieve ≥40 % reduction in baseline swollen joint count (SJC) and ≥50 % reduction in PASI (provided that PASI was >2 after therapy). We identified patients with primary failure of targeted DMARDs and compared them to responders and patients who discontinued treatment for reasons not related to effectiveness. We used univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for calendar time, to model the effect of each variable on the outcome. RESULTS: Among 591 patients on targeted DMARDs, 209 (35.4 %) experienced primary failure. In the multivariable model, adjusted for calendar time, daily alcohol consumption (OR 3.57, 95 % CI 0.1.32-9.6) and higher BMI (OR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.08) were associated with the development of primary failure. In contrast, higher educational attainment (OR 0.45, 95 % CI 0.26-0.78]), SJC ≥5 at baseline (OR 0.45, 95 % CI 0.25-0.80), and a higher damaged joint count (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.93, 0.995) were associated with a reduced risk of primary failure. CONCLUSION: Primary failure of targeted DMARDs is common in PsA and may be influenced by socioeconomic and disease-related features.
BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a higher risk of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and Crohn's disease. However, prospective cohort studies regarding EDs and future risk of rheumatoid...BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with a higher risk of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and Crohn's disease. However, prospective cohort studies regarding EDs and future risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association of overall and specific types of ED with the risk of RA, and to determine if these associations vary by sex. METHODS: This study included 489,569 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 who were free of RA at baseline (2006-2010). EDs were identified from self-reports, hospital inpatient records, and primary care data. Incident RA cases were identified using data from primary care, hospital inpatient admissions, death record data, and self-reported medical conditions. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 5404 incident RA cases were documented. Individuals with a history of ED had a higher risk of developing RA compared to those without (adjusted HR = 1.76 [95 % CI, 1.12-2.76]) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic predisposition to RA. The association between EDs and RA was stronger among men (adjusted HR, 5.09 [95 % CI, 2.13-12.1]) than women (adjusted HR, 1.38 [95 % CI, 0.82-2.34]) (p for interaction = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that individuals with EDs may have a higher risk of developing RA, particularly in men. Further research is warranted to replicate our results and to explore the underlying mechanisms.