Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Ruminal Leiomyosarcoma in an adult cow.
Benavides J, Fuertes M, Pérez V … +2 more , Delgado L, Ferreras MC
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529999
An ulcerated and pedunculated intraluminal yellowish solitary mass was observed protruding into the ruminal lumen of an adult cow during an abattoir survey. Histologically, the neoplasm invaded the lamina propria-submuco...
An ulcerated and pedunculated intraluminal yellowish solitary mass was observed protruding into the ruminal lumen of an adult cow during an abattoir survey. Histologically, the neoplasm invaded the lamina propria-submucosa, eroded the ruminal epithelium and segmentally effaced the inner tunica muscularis. It was composed of pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in fascicles. Areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, microcystic changes as well as marked anisokaryosis, the presence of giant cells and scattered mitosis with atypical figures, were also observed. Immunohistochemically this tumor labeled positive for alpha smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin. With all the above findings, a diagnosis of ruminal leiomyosarcoma was confirmed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ruminal leiomyosarcoma in cattle.
Species composition of Malassezia yeasts in dogs in Slovakia.
Sihelská Z, Váczi P, Conková E
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529998
Malassezia (M.) pachydermatis is the lipophilic yeast, which is normally present on the skin and in the ear canal of dogs but under certain conditions it may cause dermatitis and otitis. There is less known about the occ...
Malassezia (M.) pachydermatis is the lipophilic yeast, which is normally present on the skin and in the ear canal of dogs but under certain conditions it may cause dermatitis and otitis. There is less known about the occurrence of lipid-dependent Malassezia species in dogs. The aim of this study was to detect whether lipid-dependent yeasts are part of the normal microflora in dogs. Two groups of animals were selected for comparison. The group of healthy dogs contained samples of 118 individuals and the group of dogs with cutaneous lesions or otitis externa comprised 328 dogs. The isolates of Malassezia were identified by using genotypic methods that allow the precise identification. M. pachydermatis was the most frequently isolated species in this study (121 isolates). Only four isolates were identified as M. furfur and one isolate was identified as M. nana.
Prevalence and resistance patterns of canine uropathogens in regard to concurrent diseases.
Brložnik M, Šterk K, Zdovc I
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529997
Predisposing factors for different types of urinary tract infections (UTI) were evaluated and prevalence of causative agents and their resistance were identified. A prospective epidemiologic study (2007 to 2012) included...
Predisposing factors for different types of urinary tract infections (UTI) were evaluated and prevalence of causative agents and their resistance were identified. A prospective epidemiologic study (2007 to 2012) included 191 dogs with signs of urinary tract disease. Anamnestic data were collected and clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, urinalysis and aerobic bacteriologic urine culture were performed in all dogs. Other diagnostic procedures were conducted when indicated. UTI was more common in neutered female dogs, older dogs and dogs with concurrent diseases. Using culture as the gold standard, sensitivity of urine sediment examination to detect bacteriuria increased from 89.9% to 98.1% with staining and specificity increased from 69.8% to 96.4%. A single species of microorganism was isolated in 90.7%. Most common causative agents of UTI were E. coli (39.0% of isolates), staphylococci (27.3% of isolates), Proteus sp. (13.5% of isolates), and enterococci (8.5% of isolates). Prevalence of the causative agents varied in regard to sex and concurrent diseases. The causative agents were in 29.4% susceptible to all tested antimicrobials and were multi-drug resistant in 27.7%. All methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains were isolated in 2010-2012. Resistant bacteria were more common in dogs previously treated with antimicrobials. Due to increased specificity and sensitivity of urine sediment examination, staining the sediment in practice is mandatory. Data on uropathogens and their resistance in regard to concurrent diseases is of crucial importance for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications in dogs with UT. Wide intercountry variability in bacterial susceptibility has been confirmed. Also, the onset of MRSP urinary strains in the country has been identified.
Seropositivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in a cohort of symptomatic cats from Europe based on a C6-peptide assay with discussion of implications in disease aetiology.
Pantchev N, Vrhovec MG, Pluta S … +1 more , Straubinger RK
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529996
There are only few reports on Lyme borreliosis (LB) in cats. The reasons might be a different tick infestation in cats compared to dogs, a low susceptibility for tick-borne infections or a low awareness of veterinarians...
There are only few reports on Lyme borreliosis (LB) in cats. The reasons might be a different tick infestation in cats compared to dogs, a low susceptibility for tick-borne infections or a low awareness of veterinarians for tick-borne diseases in feline patients. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) in feline sera, to compare the significance of feline versus canine LB, as well as to evaluate possible implications on disease occurrence. Specific antibodies against the C6-peptide of Bbsl in cats were detected by a rapid test based on enzyme immunoassay technique. The serum samples were sent to a diagnostic laboratory by veterinarians from Germany and other European countries with request for Borrelia serology in the years 2009-2011. Veterinarians were asked for information regarding the cats' location, age, gender, clinical signs, treatment and follow-up. In six of 271 (2.2%; 95% CI: 0.8-4.8%) cat sera, antibodies against the C6-peptide of Bbsl were detected. Proportion of Borrelia antibody-positive cat sera was significantly lower than the one determined for dogs during the same time period. All positive cats lived in countries endemic for LB (Germany, Sweden and Belgium), and all C6-antibody positive cats with the exception of one cat showed clinical signs. Possible implications on disease occurrence are discussed. Data presented here demonstrate a lower prevalence of Borrelia specific C6-antibodies in European cats when compared to dogs residing in the same regions. The absence of antibodies against Bbsl in 97.8% (95% CI: 95.2-99.2%) of the submitted samples indicate that diagnosis "feline LB"is rare in cats. Nevertheless, LB should be considered in cats with compatible clinical signs (e.g. shifting leg lameness, to less extent neurological signs) when other differential diagnoses are ruled out.
Prevalence of pasture-associated metazoal endoparasites in Bavarian dairy goat herds and farmers' approaches to parasite control.
Voigt K, Sieber PL, Sauter-Louis C … +2 more , Knubben-Schweizer G, Scheuerle M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529995
The majority of dairy goat farms in Bavaria operate pasture-based systems. Endoparasites are therefore a common problem affecting health and productivity of these herds. Pooled faecal samples from 37 commercial dairy goa...
The majority of dairy goat farms in Bavaria operate pasture-based systems. Endoparasites are therefore a common problem affecting health and productivity of these herds. Pooled faecal samples from 37 commercial dairy goat farms in Bavaria were examined by modified McMaster, flotation, sedimentation and Baermann funnel techniques. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather information on farmers' perceptions and parasite management efforts. The average trichostrongyle faecal egg count across the 37 farms was 620 epg, with a median of 450 epg (1st quartile: 135 epg; 3rd quartile: 930 epg; range: < 30 to 3090 epg). Fasciola hepatica eggs were detected on four farms, Moniezia expansa eggs on one, Muellerius capillaris larvae on 13 and Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in none of the samples. Following coproculture third stage larvae of trichostrongyle species were identified morphologically. Sufficient larval numbers were obtained from samples from 23 farms. Haemonchus spp. was the most abundant larval genus and accounted for 30.4% of all larvae examined (n = 4868), followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (27.5%), Teladorsagia spp. (21.8%) and Oesophagostomum spp./Chabertia spp. (19.0%; these two genera were not differentiated). Further nematodes were identified according to their egg morphology: Nematodirus spp were present on nine farms, Skrjabinema spp. on nine, Trichuris spp. on five and Strongyloides spp. were not detected in any of the samples. The questionnaire results indicated a widespread lack of farmer awareness of appropriate parasite management and treatment measures. Farmer and veterinary education is therefore important to avoid future resistance problems caused by under-dosing or inappropriate treatments.
[The occurrence of "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemolamae" infections in clinically asymptomatic South American Camelids in Austria].
Franz S, Spergser J, Schwendenwein I … +4 more , Stanitznig A, Lambacher B, Tichy A, Wittek T
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529994
Reports of CMhl infections in South American Camelids in Europe are only available from the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Knowing that CMhl infections can lead to severe disease resulting in death if combined with othe...
Reports of CMhl infections in South American Camelids in Europe are only available from the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Knowing that CMhl infections can lead to severe disease resulting in death if combined with other diseases or stress, it was the aim of this study to assess prevalence data from camelids in Austria. In comparison to the previous studies a representative number of camelids was investigated nationwide. Data were assessed due to differences in geographical region, age, sex, species, and origin. A relatively high prevalence of 25.8% was recorded. CMhl was detected significantly more often in alpacas (Vicunja pacos) than in llamas (Lama glama) and more frequently in animals younger than 2 years. Additionally regional differences have been observed, which might be due to climatic differences and/or variations in insect vectors. In this study apperantly clinical healthy animals were shown to be infected with CMhl. Camelids infected with CMhl are a pathogen reservoir. The results of this study indicate different risk levels of infection between llamas and alpacas and between younger and older animals. The data presented underline the necessity of further studies on CMhlI infections in South American Camelids.
Molecular detection and analysis of Sheeppox and Orf viruses isolated from sheep from Qalubia, Egypt.
Selim A, Elhaig M, Höche J … +1 more , Gaede W
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529993
In this study an outbreak with Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) in one sheep herd in the Qalubia province, Egypt, was investigated. Both, SPPV and ORFV caused clinically manifest infections among sheep. The aff...
In this study an outbreak with Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) in one sheep herd in the Qalubia province, Egypt, was investigated. Both, SPPV and ORFV caused clinically manifest infections among sheep. The affected sheep showed skin lesions around the mouth or all over the body. Therefore, reliable diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of the infection and then reduce spread of the diseases in the affected areas. Clinical samples were investigated by virus isolation, PCR and real-time PCR assays. Furthermore, PCR-products of SPPV and ORFV isolates were sequenced and alignment to reference isolates was performed for phylogenetic analyses. The laboratory diagnosis showed that real-time PCR assay was more accurate and sensitive than conventional PCR and virus isolation. In phylogenetic analysis of the A29L gene genetic differences between SPPV field strains were not observed and the strains showed 100% homology with two SPPV isolates from Kazakhstan and one isolate from Turkey. The ORFV field strains are in the P55 gene genetically distinct from another and from other published isolates from Egypt 2006 and 2009.
Potential role of real-time PCR for detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in chronically diseased milking cows: a case control study.
Alajmi A, Klein G, Greiner M … +6 more , Grabowski NT, Fohler S, Campe A, Scheu T, Hoedemaker M, Abdulmawjood A
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529992
Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is economically important to dairy operations. In the present study, a real-time PCR kit (certified for use in Germany) was used to detect MAP...
Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is economically important to dairy operations. In the present study, a real-time PCR kit (certified for use in Germany) was used to detect MAP in bovine fecal and milk samples within a case control study examining different factors for their association with chronic disease in Northern Germany.The aim of this study was to describe the suitability of the MAP real-time PCR kit to detect MAP in feces and milk of chronically diseased dairy cows. For MAP detection a total of 928 fecal, 922 composite foremilk, and 92 bulk milk samples obtained from 58 cases and 35 control dairy herds were investigated. The real-time PCR showed MAP positive results for 11 (18.96%) and 6 (17.14%) of the case and control herds, respectively. All bulk milk samples were MAP negative. The results of fecal and milk samples were moderately correlated (kappa = 0.27). These data indicate that real-time PCR results have diagnostic value for diagnosing MAP positive animals, and that fecal samples are more suitable than milk samples for assessing the reasons for chronic disease on dairy farms.
Simultaneous occurrence of Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica along the pork production chain from farm to meat processing in five conventional fattening pig herds in Lower Saxony.
Niemann JK, Alter T, Gölz G … +6 more , Tietze E, Fruth A, Rabsch W, von Münchhausen C, Merle R, Kreienbrock L
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529991
The objectives of this study were to gather data on the occurrence of Salmonella (S.) enterica, Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica along the pork production chain and to further analyze detected Salmonel...
The objectives of this study were to gather data on the occurrence of Salmonella (S.) enterica, Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica along the pork production chain and to further analyze detected Salmonella isolates by additionally applying MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis). In total, 336 samples were collected at primary production, slaughter and meat processing from five conventional fattening pig farms and one common slaughterhouse. At farm level, S. enterica, Campylobacter spp. and Y. enterocolitica were detected in 19.4%, 38.9% and 11.1% of pooled fecal samples of fattening pigs. At slaughter, more than two-thirds of examined carcasses, 24% of carcass surfaces samples and about 60% of cecal content samples were positive for at least one of the examined pathogens. An amount of 4% of meat samples were positive for non-human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. Identical MLVA patterns of Salmonella isolates from farm- and associated slaughterhouse samples demonstrated transmission across both production stages. Other MLVA patterns found at slaughter indicated possible colonization of pigs during transport or lairage and/or cross-contamination during slaughter. Identical MLVA patterns from risk tissues and the nearby carcass surface evidenced a direct contamination of carcasses as well. Overall, our data showed wide distribution ranges for all three examined pathogens within the pig production chain and underline the need for appropriate intervention strategies at pre- and postharvest.
Interlaboratory Profiency Testing trial on the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins types SEA to SEE in food in Germany 2013.
Fetsch A, Steege K, Leeser D … +1 more , Krause G
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529990
In the autumn 2013, the National Reference Laboratory for coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) including Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (NRL-Staph) at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment has organized its first inter...
In the autumn 2013, the National Reference Laboratory for coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) including Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (NRL-Staph) at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment has organized its first interlaboratory profiency testing (ILPT) trial for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) types SEA to SEE in food. The purpose of the ILPT was to assess the analytical competence of the official laboratories of the Federal German "Länder"authorities. Moreover, it was the intention to gain an overview of the standard methods implemented in the participating laboratories for the purpose of SE detection in food. Five cream cheese samples at three different contamination levels (blank, low, and high) were sent to each participant. In total, 15 laboratories participated to the ILPT: 14 laboratories from 11 Federal German "Länder", and the European Reference Laboratory for CPS including S. aureus (EU-RL for CPS). Data sets from 14 participating laboratories were included in the analysis. Overall, a specificity of 100% (14/14 true negative results), a sensitivity of 55% (31/56 true positive results), and an accuracy of 64% (45/60 true results) was achieved. The majority of participants (9/15) used other analytical methods for the detection of SE in food than the suggested European Screening Method (ESM) v5. To conclude on the ILPT in general it is to state that the majority of participating laboratories failed to correctly identify SE-low-contaminated samples. Further efforts are necessary to improve the analytical capacity and sensitivity as regards the detection of SE in food in Germany.
Evaluation of CO2 anaesthesia applied by a commercial device for the castration of male suckling piglets under field conditions.
Langhoff R, Auer U, Maneng J … +2 more , Hochgerner A, Ritzmann M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529989
The aim of this study was to describe clinical and behavioural parameters of piglets castrated with the use of CO2 anaesthesia by using the commercial available device MS Pigsleeper. 80 male piglets with three to six day...
The aim of this study was to describe clinical and behavioural parameters of piglets castrated with the use of CO2 anaesthesia by using the commercial available device MS Pigsleeper. 80 male piglets with three to six days of age were allocated to four groups, and were castrated or left uncastrated either after receiving 70% CO2/30% O02, or without anaesthesia. Defensive movements and heart rates were measured during induction and castration phase. At castration phase the dewclaw reflex was tested and piglets were monitored for vocalisation. During recovery and the subsequent five minutes conspicuous behaviours were recorded. Intensity of defensive movements was significantly higher in groups with CO2 anaesthesia during induction phase. Defensive movements were significantly lower in groups with CO2, but also not fully absent, during castration phase. Surgical tolerance was only reached by 20% (4/20) of piglets castrated under anaesthesia. Heart rates were above physiological levels at the beginning of induction phase and dropped significantly thereafter. Dropping of heart rates was more pronounced in anaesthetised groups leading to significant differences compared to non-anaesthetised groups. A minimum heart rate of 20 beats per minute was measured. Conspicuous behaviours as spasms, gasping and licking were described for pigs after CO2 anaesthesia. Measured parameters implicated stress and discomfort during induction and recovery phase and severe cardiovascular depression during CO2 anaesthesia. Surgical tolerance was reached by only a small proportion of anaesthetised piglets. Therefore, welfare aspects were not met using CO2 anaesthesia for piglet castration in general and especially by applying the gas anaesthesia with the commercial device MS Pigsleeper.
From single nucleotide substitutions up to chromosomal deletions: genetic pause of leucism-associated disorders in animals.
Fleck K, Erhardt G, Lühken G
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27529988
Leucism is characterized by a complete or partial white skin and hair in combination with pigmented irides, which can be vivid blue or heterochromatic. This is due to a complete or partial lack of melanocytes. The underl...
Leucism is characterized by a complete or partial white skin and hair in combination with pigmented irides, which can be vivid blue or heterochromatic. This is due to a complete or partial lack of melanocytes. The underlying pathogenesis is a disturbed emigration or differentiation of neural crest-derived cells. Therefore, leucistic phenotypes can be associated with defects, which mainly impair sensory organs and nerves. In humans, a well-known example is the Waardenburg syndrome. Leucism-associated disorders were also described in mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, mink, cat, dog, pig, sheep, llama, alpaca, cattle and horse. In some of these species already identified causal mutations affect the genes EDN3, EDNRB, KIT, MITF, PAX3, SILV and SOX10. Defect alleles represent different types of genetic variation, ranging from single nucleotide substitutions up to larger chromosomal deletions. Some of the defect alleles produce desired coat color patterns. In some but not all cases, available genetic tests enable breeders to avoid production of animals affected by a leucism-associated disorder.
[Comparison of sampling strategies to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a simulated pig producing plant].
Kopacka I, Fuchs K, Schmoll F … +1 more , Sattler T
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344920
The effectivity of different sampling schemes for the early detection of the introduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into a pig herd was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Within a theore...
The effectivity of different sampling schemes for the early detection of the introduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into a pig herd was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Within a theoretical breeding herd of 300 animals, disease transmission was simulated using a stochastic SEIR model incorporating actual animal movement data. The following parameters were evaluated for different sample sizes, sampling frequencies and diagnostic procedures (ELISA, PCR): the time from virus introduction until detection, the daily detection probability and the number of holdings to which infected animals are shipped before the disease is detected. The results show that the sample size has an influence on early detection. The biggest effects are, however, achieved by shortening the sampling intervals. The median detection time is approximately ten days shorter for PCR than for ELISA. If, however, the sampling intervals are chosen too wide there is a chance of overlooking the disease using PCR alone.
Urinary shedding of leptospires and presence of Leptospira antibodies in healthy dogs from Upper Bavaria.
Llewellyn JR, Krupka-Dyachenko I, Rettinger AL … +5 more , Dyachenko V, Stamm I, Kopp PA, Straubinger RK, Hartmann K
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344919
Leptospirosis is classified as a re-emerging zoonotic disease with global impor- tance. The aim of this study was to determine urinary shedding of leptospires in healthy dogs and to identify the shedded leptospire specie...
Leptospirosis is classified as a re-emerging zoonotic disease with global impor- tance. The aim of this study was to determine urinary shedding of leptospires in healthy dogs and to identify the shedded leptospire species. Furthermore, antibody presence against leptospires was evaluated. In a prospective study urine samples of 200 healthy dogs from Upper Bavaria were randomly collected and evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira (L) spp. Positive samples were further character- ized via multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to identify the Leptospira species. Microagglutination test (MAT) was performed to determine serum antibody titers. Three of 200 urine samples were found to be PCR-positive resulting in a urinary shedding prevalence of 1.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3-4.5%). All three dogs had been vaccinated before with a bivalent vaccine, covering the serogroups Canicola and lcterohaemorrhagiae. One dog shed leptospires of the species L. borgpetersenii, and two of the species L. interrogans. Of all dogs, 17.0% had antibody titers ≥ 1:100, and 3.5% titers ≥ 1:400 to serovars of non-vaccinal sero- groups. Healthy dogs that shed leptospires represent a possible risk for humans and other animals. The study emphasizes the importance of general hygiene measures in veterinary practice while handling urine of all dogs, and the use of vaccines that protect against a broader range of serogroups and that prevent urinary shedding.
SCM-positive Streptococcus canis are predominant among pet-associated group G streptococci.
Verkühlen G, Pägelow D, Valentin-Weigand P … +1 more , Fulde M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344918
Streptococcus (S.) canis is a neglected zoonotic pathogen with increasing impor- tance. Since knowledge about its distribution in pets in Germany is scant, we designed a study and tested 335 dogs and 71 cats for coloniza...
Streptococcus (S.) canis is a neglected zoonotic pathogen with increasing impor- tance. Since knowledge about its distribution in pets in Germany is scant, we designed a study and tested 335 dogs and 71 cats for colonization by S. canis. S. canis was isolated from swabs taken from the perianal region by culture and subsequent identification was performed biochemically as well as by PCR. In total, 15.8% (53) of the canine and 8.5% (six) of the feline strains grown on Staphlyo- coccus/Streptococcus Selective Agar were tested positive for the Lancefield group G antigen. The vast majority of strains expressing the Lancefield Group G carbohy- drate (56 out of 59) were further identified as S. canis underlining their outstanding role among animal-associated Group G streptococci (GGS). Furthermore, 90.0% of the canine and 83.3% of the feline S. canis strains harbour the species-specific anti- phagocytic M protein homologue SCM, which has been described as an important virulence factor. In contrast, emm-genes typically encoded by human-specific GGS could not be detected in any of the S. canis isolates. Taken together, this study provides insights into the distribution of the neglected zoonotic pathogen S. canis in a population of pets in Germany. The presence of SCM in the vast majority of strains indicates their pathogenic potential.
Concurrent infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and Giardia duodenalis in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.).
Barthel Y, Drews S, Fehr M … +4 more , Moser I, Matz-Rensing K, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344917
A 3-year-old, female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.) suffered from prolonged vaginal discharge. Sonographically, multiple nodules were detected in the uterus, and the lung showed a diffuse radiodensity. Ovario-h...
A 3-year-old, female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.) suffered from prolonged vaginal discharge. Sonographically, multiple nodules were detected in the uterus, and the lung showed a diffuse radiodensity. Ovario-hysterectomy was performed and histology of the uterus revealed a severe multifocal pyogranulomatous metritis with myriads of acid-fast rod-shaped bacilli. Microbiological culture of formalin-fixed uterine tissue and a native vaginal swab resulted in the growth of mycobacteria that were identified as Mycobacterium (M.) avium subsp. hominissuis. The animal was euthanized and pathomorphological examination revealed severe multifocal granulomatous inflammation of lung, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine, pancreas and kidneys. In addition, an infection of the small intestine with Giardia duodenalis was confirmed immunohistochemically. This is the first report describing a concurrent infection with M. avium subsp. hominissuis and Giardia duodenalis in a chinchilla. Both pathogens represent a potential health risk especially for young or immunosuppressed persons, in particular if infected animals show unspecific clinical symptoms.
[Periods for growth and quality improvement of fish in context of animal welfare compliant management of commercial fish ponds--a literature review].
Pietrock M, Brämick U
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344916
In Germany, management of commercial fish ponds requires consideration of animal welfare legislation. In particular, it is forbidden to immediately catch fish that have recently been stocked into put-and-take fishponds....
In Germany, management of commercial fish ponds requires consideration of animal welfare legislation. In particular, it is forbidden to immediately catch fish that have recently been stocked into put-and-take fishponds. Rather, after stocking is completed, a short-term fishing ban period needs to be adhered to that allows the fishes the opportunity to grow and/or significantly improve in overall quality. The duration of the fishing ban varies considerably among German federal states. A literature review, therefore, was undertaken to identify the amount of time required by adult fish to reach changes in various parameters of quality (proximate composition, fillet colour, odour/taste, stress response), and growth.The literature search revealed that some of the selected parameters (odour/taste, stress response) can change within 24 hours, potentially resulting in improved fish flesh quality. With a time span of about four weeks, feeding-induced changes in proximate composition took the longest among the parameters tested to realize significant changes in fish flesh quality. Transportation-related reductions in body mass are overcome and succeeded by net growth within one to two weeks depending on food availability. Maintaining the fish under species-specific conditions and providing the optimal environment to meet their physiological demands, however, are critical prerequisites for growth and quality improvement. In conclusion there is science-based justification for fishing ban periods ranging from 24 hours to four weeks. Final determination of its duration, therefore, remains a careful balancing of values.
[The attitude of German veterinarians towards farm animal welfare: results of a cluster analysis].
Heise H, Kemper N, Theuvsen L
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344915
In recent years the issue of animal welfare in intensive livestock production systems has been subjected to increasing criticism from the broad public. Some groups in society ask for higher animal welfare standards and t...
In recent years the issue of animal welfare in intensive livestock production systems has been subjected to increasing criticism from the broad public. Some groups in society ask for higher animal welfare standards and there is an increas- ing number of consumers who prefer meat from more animal friendly husbandry systems. An intense social debate on animal welfare has flared up in the recent past. Veterinarians are considered as experts for the assessment of animal welfare. Nevertheless they are rarely consulted in the current debate. Therefore, only little is known about their attitude towards animal welfare in livestock farming. Even for Germany, there is so far no comprehensive analysis about their atti- tudes towards animal welfare and animal welfare programs. In the present study, 433 veterinarians were questioned via an online survey. The results show that veterinarians have a very differentiated perception of the issue animal welfare. Four groups (clusters) which have different attitudes towards livestock farming, voluntary animal welfare programs, farm size and the effects of national animal welfare standards were identified.
[Effects of different training methods for palpation per rectum of internal genital organs on learning success and self-evaluation of students].
Giese H, Ehlers JP, Gundelach Y … +2 more , Geuenich K, Dilly M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344914
Large animal veterinary practice is more and more emphasizing herd-health-management. Processes to ensure and optimize economic viability of dairy farming are becoming more important in comparison to treatment of single...
Large animal veterinary practice is more and more emphasizing herd-health-management. Processes to ensure and optimize economic viability of dairy farming are becoming more important in comparison to treatment of single ill animals. Amongst others, rectal palpation skills are crucial for proper fertility management, rapid and correct diagnosis of early pregnancies, and recognition of cycle or fertility problems. The aim of this study was first to objectively analyse the effectiveness of prevailing teaching methods for rectal palpation of the reproductive tract during the students' "agricultural internship." Simultaneously, the effectiveness of the use of two teaching simulators prior to the first hands-on experience with live animals was compared with proving just theoretical instruction. The results showed that students acted with more confidence when they were trained in groups of three to five. In particular, the subjective as well as the objective training success was greater for those students, who trained with a simulator (Haptic Cow®, Breed'n Betsy®) than for those who only had theoretical training. Furthermore simulator training resulted in a more realistic student assessment of performance, as well as in a better understanding of where reproductive structures were located (cervix, uterus) in live animals. No significant difference in effect of training was found between the different simulators used here. The results of this study suggest that it is in the interest, not only of students but also of the animals, that simulator training occurs before exercises are performed on living animals.
[Detection of leptospira by culture of vitreous humor and detection of antibodies against leptospira in vitreous humor and serum of 225 horses with equine recurrent uveitis].
Dorrego-Keiter E, Tóth J, Dikker L … +2 more , Sielhorst J, Schusser GF
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2016 · PMID 27344913
In the ongoing discussion regarding the aetiopathogenesis of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) it was the aim of the present study to elucidate the relationship of leptospira infection and ERU. In a population of 225 horses...
In the ongoing discussion regarding the aetiopathogenesis of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) it was the aim of the present study to elucidate the relationship of leptospira infection and ERU. In a population of 225 horses leptospira were examined in vitreous humor by culture and leptospira antibody were detected in vitreous humor and serum samples. Preoperative serum samples were collected from 221/225 ERU patients of different age, gender and breed. Undiluted vitreous humor was aseptically taken from 198/225 patients that underwent pars plana vitrectomy at the beginning of surgery and from 27/225 patients' eyeball after enucleation: Serum and vitreous humor were tested for specific leptospiral antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Furthermore, vitreous humor was examined by culture. 20 patients which were euthanized due to a live-threatening disease other than ERU served as a control group. A total of 127/221 (57.5%) horses had serum antibodies (≥ 1:100). Most frequently antibodies against L. interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa were detected (79/127), followed by L. interrogans serovar lcterohaemorrhagiae (34/127) and L. interrogans serovar Bratislava (29/127). Only 79/225 horses (35.1%) had leptospiral antibodies in vitreous humor, in which L. interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa (67/79) was identified most frequently followed by L. interrogans serovar Pomona (18/79) and L. interrogans serovar lcterohaemorrhagiae (8/79) which was identified as single or multiple reaction. Isolation of leptospira from vitreous humor was positive in 34/212 horses (16%). 10/20 control horses had a positive antibody titer against leptospira in serum and 2/20 horses in vitreous humor, whereas there was no leptospira detected in culture. The result of 84% negative cultures from vitreous humor of 212 ERU patients is decisive for the diagnosis and therapy of ERU.
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