Rinsho Byori. The Japanese Journal Of Clinical Pathology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Relationship between Pericardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Early Impairment of Left Ventricular Function, Both Evaluated on Echocardiography.
Fujino A, Kishino T, Watanabe K … +7 more , Sekiguchi K, Takagi Y, Matsushima S, Kouki Ohtsuka, Yotsukura M, Ohnishi H, Watanabe T
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Oct · PMID 30609470
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is metabolically bioactive, and accumulation of this tissue is related to early impairment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function as well as diastolic function. However, pericardial ad...
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is metabolically bioactive, and accumulation of this tissue is related to early impairment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function as well as diastolic function. However, pericardial adi- pose tissue (PAT), located outside the EAT, has recently been demonstrated to be more closely associated with metabolic risk factors than EAT. The present study aimed to clarify whether PAT thickness is related to early impairment of LV function in a similar manner to EAT thickness, with both evaluated echocardio- graphically. Subjects were 49 women (mean age, 68ill years) composed of both patients with metabolic diseases and those with other diseases, and ejection fraction (EF) >55%. Systolic function was assessed by measuring EF, systolic mitral annular velocity (S'), and tissue mitral annular displacement percentage (TMAD%). Diastolic function was assessed by measuring early rapid filling wave velocity (E)/late filling wave velocity due to atrial contraction (A) ratio (E/A), peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e'), and E/e' ratio. Correlations between EAT or PAT thickness and LV systolic or diastolic function were assessed. EAT thickness correlated with S' and TMAD%(r=-0.399, p=0.005 and r=-0.570, p<0.001, respective- ly), but not with EF. However, PAT thickness was not correlated with any of these. EAT thickness corre- lated with E/A, e' and E/e'(r=-0.382, p=0.007; r=-0.493, p<0.001; and r=0.331, p=0.020, respective- ly). Again, PAT thickness was not correlated with any of these. PAT thickness appears unrelated to early impairment of LV function.
[Clinical Use of Presepsin Compared with That of Procalcitonin in Children with Sepsis].
Nakanishi K, Kasashima S, Ishii Y … +2 more , Shimoeda H, Kawashima A
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Oct · PMID 30609469
Diagnosing sepsis can be very difficult and without prompt treatment, sepsis frequently results in death. No definitive biomarker for diagnosing sepsis currently exists, although the use of various biomarkers, includ- in...
Diagnosing sepsis can be very difficult and without prompt treatment, sepsis frequently results in death. No definitive biomarker for diagnosing sepsis currently exists, although the use of various biomarkers, includ- ing procalcitonin (PCT), as diagnostic indicators has been considered valuable. The biomarker presepsin (P- SEP) has gained attention as a diagnostic tool for sepsis since health insurance coverage approval in Japan in 2014. In this study, we categorized 156 children into five groups based on the presence or absence of sys- temic inflammatory response syndrome and infection, and compared the levels of P-SEP and PCT among these groups. Furthermore, they were categorized into five groups based on the diagnosed disease, and the P-SEP and PCT levels were compared among these groups. The P-SEP levels exceeded the cut-off value in all patients with sepsis, and patients of other groups hardly exceeded the cut-off value. In contrast, the PCT levels increased in patients with sepsis, but those in other groups, particularly in local infection, also exceed- ed the cut-off value. Similarly, during the diagnosed disease classification, PCT levels also increased in Ka- wasaki disease. In conclusion, P-SEP could be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis in children and should be studied further. [Short Communication].
[Effects of Aging and Sex Differences on the Median Nerve: Relationship Between Nerve Conduction Study and Ultrasonographic Cross-Sectional Nerve Area].
Ito D, Watanabe T, Hirakawa A … +4 more , Ito A, Nohisa Y, Furuta N, Seishima M
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Oct · PMID 30609468
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nerve conduction and sonographic measurements of the median nerve, and to investigate the effects of aging and sex on nerve structure. METHODS: Me...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nerve conduction and sonographic measurements of the median nerve, and to investigate the effects of aging and sex on nerve structure. METHODS: Measurements from both hands of 82 healthy volunteers were included in this study (45 men and 37 women, 38.9 ?17.7 years). The cross-sectional area(CSA) of the median nerve was evaluated at the carpal tunnel inlet (MA) and at the midpoint of the forearm (MB). RESULTS: The CSA of the median nerve at the MA was significantly correlated with age (r=0.501, P< 0.001), and distal motor latency (r=0.269, P<0.001). Although this study demonstrated the effects of the sex dif- ferences and aging on the CSA of the median nerve at MA, there was no significant effect at the MB. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that aging could affect median nerve structure, especially at the anatomical entrapment point. [Original].
[Functional Residual Capacity Measurement Based on Lung Structure Model Analysis Using the Helium Gas Dilution Technique].
Oe H, Nakade Y, Nakata M … +3 more , Nanbu Y, Nagahara M, Mori M
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Oct · PMID 30609467
In the helium gas dilution method, functional residual capacity (FRC) is calculated from a helium concentra- tion equilibrium curve. In this study, we analyzed the helium concentration equilibrium curves of healthy patie...
In the helium gas dilution method, functional residual capacity (FRC) is calculated from a helium concentra- tion equilibrium curve. In this study, we analyzed the helium concentration equilibrium curves of healthy patients, clarified the determinants of the equilibrium concentration, and studied the effects of an uneven lung distribution. We collected data from 200 patients (92 males and 108 females) whose FRC values had been measured at our institution over the past 6 years. Their FRC values ranged from 80% to 120%, and theit other pulmo- nary function values were within the normal range. In the compartmental model analysis, we discovered that the helium concentration equilibrium curve was composed of one compartment, and that it did not have a polyphasic structure. Each 0.25-minute (15-second) segment of the helium concentration equilibrium curve obtained from the patients was evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The helium concentration equilibrium curve decreased exponentially over the time course of the analysis, and the multiple correlation coefficient for the relationship between the 0.25-minute to 0.75-minute segments and the 1.00-minute to 1.50-minute segments in the final model was 0.949. Finally, we examined the influence of an uneven peripheral lung distribution. A model based on the con- centration change seen between the initial and middle periods during at rest ventilation indicated that the latter parameter was not affected by the ventilation volume of the peripheral lung. [Original].
[Hemolytic Anemia with Excessively Elevated Lactic Dehydrogenase Levels].
Nakamura F, Koyama A, Kuribayashi T … +1 more , Yoshika M
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609466
It has become easier to acquire patients' clinical information from clinical laboratories using the electronic medical record system. However, it is possible that clinical laboratories do not consider abnormal laboratory...
It has become easier to acquire patients' clinical information from clinical laboratories using the electronic medical record system. However, it is possible that clinical laboratories do not consider abnormal laboratory data when elucidating the pathological mechanism of diseases in patients when their clinical information is obtained from the electronic medical records. In this reversed clinicopathological conference, we analyzed the laboratory data of a patient with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels and anemia. Although the presence of hemolysis was clear from the elevated LD levels, anemia, and decreased haptoglobin levels, the ,excessive increase in the LD level suggested a particular mechanism of hemolysis. Drug intake was sus- pected on the basis of a prolonged prothrombin time with a normal activated partial thromboplastin time. At the conference, these findings led to in-depth discussions. We elucidated the pathological mechanism in this patient based only on the laboratory data, with intentionally restricted clinical information, and again recog- nized the importance of analyzing laboratory data thoroughly. Training modules for medical technologists and doctors in clinical laboratories that provide information regarding elucidating pathological mechanisms using laboratory data may prove useful for improving the nature of comments in laboratory data reports. In addition, clinicians should also receive training to elucidate the pathological mechanism of a disease on the basis of only laboratory data, as well as training for diagnosing patients on the basis of clinical information and physical examination findings. [Review].
[A 28-Week-Pregnant Woman at Twenty Years of Age, Who Had Been Hospitalized with Jaundice].
Yoshika M, Nakano Y, Nakao M … +2 more , Fukamachi K, Nakamura F
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609465
The Reversed Clinicopathological Conference (R-CPC) is a useful tool to analyze a patient's condition us- ing only laboratory data. An R-CPC was held at the 59th Regional Congress. One case presenter, two dis- cussers, a...
The Reversed Clinicopathological Conference (R-CPC) is a useful tool to analyze a patient's condition us- ing only laboratory data. An R-CPC was held at the 59th Regional Congress. One case presenter, two dis- cussers, and one commenter participated in this R-CPC. We report a 28-week-pregnant woman at twenty years of age, who had been hospitalized with jaundice. In laboratory data, AST, ALT, and bilirubin were ele- vated and the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. Although the liver failure was improved after she delivered a baby by Caesarean section, postoperative intra- peritoneal bleeding persisted. The diagnosis based on liver biopsy was autoimmune hepatitis. Although the bleeding was stopped on the seventh postoperative day, the prolongation of PT and APTT remained. LA was positive in the diluted Russell's viper venom time. Anti-cardiolipin and anti-beta-2-glycoprotein anti- bodies were also positive. The prothrombin activity was reduced. A high titer of phosphatidylserine- dependent anti-prothrombin antibody (aPS/PT), which causes bleeding, was observed. Based on these data, she was diagnosed with lupus anticoagulant-hypothrombinemia syndrome (LAHS). The 2 discussers care- fully analyzed the laboratory data and the commenter gave appropriate opinions. [Review].
[Measures Against Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation Where Specialist Teams Collaborate].
Yamazaki M
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609464
Recently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has attracted attention as a complication of cancer chemo- therapy or immunosuppressive therapy. To prevent hepatitis B due to HBV reactivation, practical guide- lines were...
Recently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has attracted attention as a complication of cancer chemo- therapy or immunosuppressive therapy. To prevent hepatitis B due to HBV reactivation, practical guide- lines were issued in 2009. The guidelines include the relevant diagnostic algorithms for HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and HBV-DNA). Nonetheless, cases of acute liver failure due to HBV reacti- vation have occurred in Japan since 2009, likely because many of the physicians prescribing anti-cancer or immunosuppressive agents have not acted in conformity with the guidelines. The reasons for this non- conformance are considered to be as follows: First, the incidence of HBV reactivation varies markedly be- tween anti-cancer or immunosuppressive agents, and many physicians are simply not aware of this risk. Second, establishing a system for assessing compliance to the guidelines is complicated because it requires integrating both prescription data and HBV marker data, and then feeding back this information to physicians. Several medical faculties have established a survey system by establishing specialist teams comprising a hepatologist, pharmacist, laboratory technician, medical information manager, and other specialists. The multidisciplinary nature of these teams means that the actions of individuals are complemented and supported by the team as a whole and problems are resolved through teamwork. The role of clinical laboratory special- ists is likely to become more important, as their commitment to teamwork means that they are highly capable of supporting the development of clinical risk management initiatives. [Review].
[Avoidance of Adverse Drug Reactions by Pharmacists (Through the PreAVOID Report)].
Tanigawa K
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609463
As a method to visualize the professional competence of pharmacists, the Japanese Society of Pharmacists has collected and analyzed PreAVOID [be prepared to avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs) I reports. PreAVOID reports...
As a method to visualize the professional competence of pharmacists, the Japanese Society of Pharmacists has collected and analyzed PreAVOID [be prepared to avoid adverse drug reactions (ADRs) I reports. PreAVOID reports, which refer to cases where ADRs were avoided, are classified into reports of ADR pre- vention and those of the avoidance of ADR aggravation. In the former, pharmacists predicted the develop- ment of ADRs based on their history, a decrease in physical function, the influences of medical treatment, blood drug concentration, and medication history, and made inquiries about prescriptions or gave prescription suggestions to physicians, resulting in avoidance of the development of ADRs before drug administration. In the latter, pharmacists evaluated ADRs that developed in the early stage based on patients' complaints, clini- cal symptoms, and laboratory examination values, and avoided their aggravation. In 2014, the number of PreAVOID reports was 33,348, which consisted of 32,587 reports of ADR prevention and 761 reports of the avoidance of ADR aggravation. Objective evaluation of the reports of the avoidance of ADR aggravation showed pharmacists' marked contribution in about 50%. If pharmaceutical care had not been performed, marked direct health damage may have occurred. ADRs could be prevented or avoided based on laboratory examination values in 32.4%, and patients' complaints in 34.9%. (Review].
[Contribution of In- Vitro Diagnostics to Effective Use of Therapeutic Drugs -Perspectives from IVD Industry-].
Eda S
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609462
The recent development of innovative therapeutic drugs has changed the relationship between diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. One of the major changes is personalized healthcare and companion diagnostics; many of innova...
The recent development of innovative therapeutic drugs has changed the relationship between diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. One of the major changes is personalized healthcare and companion diagnostics; many of innovative drugs such as Herceptin, Alectinib, and Atezolizumab have been developed and launched together with their corresponding companion diagnostics. Another aspect of the recent innovative drugs is the utilization of high-level biotechnology and develop- ment of antibody-based therapeutic drugs. Antibody-based drugs often induce heterophilic antibodies such as human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA). Taking this into account, the interference of HAMA is investigated intensively during the development of in-vitro diagnostics, and it is eliminated by employing countermeasures such as the addition of quench proteins, and utilization of fragmented antibodies as well as chimera-antibodies. With those measures, the incidence of interference can be reduced to acceptable levels and the assays can generate reliable results, which contribute to beneficial therapy. On the other hand, the recent development of innovative unique therapeutic drugs sometimes leads to interference in diagnostic assays, which were not expected during development. One example is interference observed in the BNP assay induced by a new drug for heart failure: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI). When patients take ARNI, BNP values increase instead of the improved condition of heart failure. Due to this observation, NT-proBNP, which is unaffected by ARNI, is usually used for monitoring the effect of the drug. The issue of drug-resistant bacteria is also discussed in conjunction with the potential contribution of diag- nostics for the effective use of antimicrobial agents. [Review].
[The Role of Laboratory Tests in the Safety Management of Pharmaceuticals -Remarks of the Chairperson-].
Yamazaki M
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609461
More than 700,000,000 prescriptions are issued every year for the approximately 18,000 pharmaceutical products in Japan. Consequently, numerous measures have been implemented to ensure the safety and efficacy with which...
More than 700,000,000 prescriptions are issued every year for the approximately 18,000 pharmaceutical products in Japan. Consequently, numerous measures have been implemented to ensure the safety and efficacy with which these large quantities of drugs are managed. One of these approaches is the PreAVOID report, which focuses on the prevention and avoidance of adverse reactions and drug interactions by collect- ing and analyzing pharmaceutical care reports compiled by hospital pharmacists. According to the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, more than 20,000 such reports are issued annually. These reports are screened for abnormal clinical test values to identify which adverse reactions occur at the highest frequencies. While many hospital pharmacists scrutinize these laboratory test sheets, the awareness of clinical laboratory specialists regarding prescribed medicines is not known. We therefore invited specialists who are well versed in matters related to pharmaceutical risk management to this symposium to present the latest topics related to the influence of prescribed medicines on laboratory test values, and to discuss current issues asso- ciated with monitoring adverse events and adverse reactions. In addition, we examined potential strategies for avoiding severe adverse effects by establishing specialist teams and the role of laboratory specialists on such teams. [Review].
[Recent Progress of Therapeutic Strategy and Laboratory Examination Against Chronic Liver Diseases].
Yoshiji H
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609460
Chronic liver diseases consist of several etiologies, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). All these diseases can progress to liver cirrhosis and finally h...
Chronic liver diseases consist of several etiologies, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). All these diseases can progress to liver cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently therapies against HCV have markedly improved. Several direct anti-viral agents (DAAs) have been developed that show significant viral eradication efficiency. How- ever, viral eradication does not mean the complete cure of hepatitis C. Several reports have shown that, even after HCV eradication, HCC can occur in some patients, especially in those with advanced liver fibrosis. As well as HCV, patients with HBV have also shown that advanced liver fibrosis is associated with a high rate of HCC development. Accordingly, anti-fibrosis therapy would be one promising approach to improve the prognosis .of chronic liver disease patients. However, to date, no anti-fibrotic agent has been approved in clinical practice. We focused on angiogenesis. Angiogenesis has now been recognized to play an important role in many physiological and pathological events. We found that several clinically available agents exerted a marked anti-fibrotic effect both in basic and clinical studies at least partly mediated by anti-angiogenic activ- ity. Until newly developed agents become available, these clinical agents may offer alternative strategies against chronic liver diseases. [Review].
[Human Metapneumovirus Infection].
Takeda M, Shirogane Y
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609459
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first isolated in 2001 from young children with symptoms of acute respiratory infections. Studies revealed that HMPV has circulated worldwide for more than 50 years in hu- man populations...
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was first isolated in 2001 from young children with symptoms of acute respiratory infections. Studies revealed that HMPV has circulated worldwide for more than 50 years in hu- man populations. HMPV is classified into two major, distinct groups, A and B, which show antigenic differ- ences, but clinical symptoms of infection with these groups are indistinguishable. The symptoms are often severe and similar to those of respiratory syncytial virus infections. HMPV is detected in more than 10% of children under five years old suffering from acute respiratory infections. Elderly people are also affected with HMPV and may develop severe respiratory diseases. Recently, point-of-care testing based on immu- nochromatography became available in Japan under the coverage of medical insurance, further revealing clini- cal pictures of HMPV infections and improving clinical treatment and control measures. Sensitive nucleo- tide amplification techniques are also available for the detection of HMPV. However, the virus titers and amounts of viral antigens decline significantly after 5 days of illness. Therefore, laboratory testing to detect HMPV antigens or genomes should be conducted using clinical specimens before 4 days of illness. Assays to detect immunoglobulin specific to HMPV (ELISA and neutralizing assay) have also been established, alt- hough they have not yet been approved as extracorporeal diagnostic medicines. [Review].
[Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome].
Kurihara S
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609458
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, is an emerging infectious disease recently described in China, and a serious...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, is an emerging infectious disease recently described in China, and a serious disease with a 7.8-46% case fatality rate. SFTSV is believed to be mainly transmitted by ticks (arthropod-borne infection). However, direct contact with infected blood or bloody secretions can cause infection, and a few clusters of cases have been reported, which suggests human-to-human transmission of the disease. The major clinical signs and symptoms of SFTS are fever, abdominal symptoms, thrombocytopenia, leuko- penia, and elevated serum hepatic enzyme levels. The typical course of infection has four distinct periods: incubation (4-14 days), fever (7 days), multiple organ failure (7-14 days), and convalescence. Immune activation and exaggerated cytokine production in the form of cytokine storm can potentially drive the SFTS disease process. As a result of cytokine storm, patients develop hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, but the possibility of latent infection has also been reported, and not all cases are diagnosed. Further research is warranted for an improved understanding of SFTS. [Review].
[Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)].
Iinuma Y
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609457
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance, which has caused severe acute respiratory disease in more than 1,700 people, resulting in almost 600 deaths. MERS is...
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging infectious disease of growing global importance, which has caused severe acute respiratory disease in more than 1,700 people, resulting in almost 600 deaths. MERS is caused by a novel betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). All cases of MERS have been linked through travel to or residence in countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula. Dromedary camels are considered natu- ral reservoirs for MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV is mainly transmitted from infected dromedary camels to human beings, and it is transmitted among human beings by droplets, contact, and perhaps airborne spread. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases have been reported with little human-to-human transmis- sion reported in the community. The largest known outbreak of MERS outside the Arabian Peninsula oc- curred in the Republic of Korea in 2015, with 186 cases. The outbreak was associated with a traveler re- turning from the Arabian Peninsula. Clinical features of MERS range from asymptomatic or mild disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure resulting in death, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. MERS is suspected in the presence of febrile acute respiratory illness and close contact with MERS-CoV, and can be confirmed by the detection of viral nucleic acid through RT-PCR or se- rology. No specific drug treatment exists for MERS; however, the neutralizing antibodies, ribavirin and interferon have been shown to be potentially useful anti-MERS-CoV drugs. Rigorous infection prevention and control measures with droplet and contact precautions are crucial to prevent the spread in health-care facilities. [Review].
[Dengue Fever].
Moi ML, Takasaki T
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609456
Dengue fever is a painful, debilitating, arthropod-borne disease. In recent years, dengue endemic regions have markedly expanded in the tropics, South-east Asia, and the Americas. Epidemics have also been re- ported in s...
Dengue fever is a painful, debilitating, arthropod-borne disease. In recent years, dengue endemic regions have markedly expanded in the tropics, South-east Asia, and the Americas. Epidemics have also been re- ported in subtropical regions of East Asia and Europe. Factors including an increase in the frequency of international travel and period of stay, increase in population density, and global warming, are hypothesized to be associated with the rapid spread of dengue. Approximately 4 billion people are estimated to be infected with the virus each year'). However, there are no effective therapeutics nor clinically approved vaccine for dengue in the region. In 2014, a local dengue outbreak involving 162 cases occurred in Japan2). With the increasing annual numbers of imported dengue cases, there is a need to strengthen and improve the capacity for disease control and prevention. [Review].
[Ebola Virus Disease (Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever)].
Yanagihara K, Sasaki D, Akamatsu N … +2 more , Kaku N, Kosai K
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609455
The Ebola virus is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus belonging to the filovirus family. The Ebo- ]a virus causes Ebola virus disease (EVD). EVD is characterized by fever and malaise, muscle pain, and abnormal bl...
The Ebola virus is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus belonging to the filovirus family. The Ebo- ]a virus causes Ebola virus disease (EVD). EVD is characterized by fever and malaise, muscle pain, and abnormal blood clotting. The mortality rate associated with EVD is very high, at 88%. In the worldwide outbreak in 2014, the epidemic of EVD started in Guinea and expanded to western Africa. Thereafter, cases of infection with the Ebola virus spread around the world, especially Europe and America. EVD is a zoono- sis. It is considered that the natural host of Ebola virus is a bat, and it causes a fatal clinical condition in go- rillas and chimpanzees as well as humans. People were infected by touching body fluids of blood, secretions, vomit, and other discharges from patients with EVD. Since the numbers of Japanese who work overseas and foreigners who visit Japan are increasing, it is necessary to establish the diagnosis of and medical treatment system for EVD in Japan. In this paper, we mainly describe the laboratory-based testing and risk manage- ment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Japanese hospitals. [Review].
[Recent Trends in Infection and Related Examinations: Infectious Diseases and Their Control in Other Countries (General Remarks)].
Kaku K
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609454
In a borderless era, infectious diseases that are prevalent in other countries may also spread to Japan at any time. Among such diseases, attention should particularly be paid to emerging, re-emerging, and zoonosis, arth...
In a borderless era, infectious diseases that are prevalent in other countries may also spread to Japan at any time. Among such diseases, attention should particularly be paid to emerging, re-emerging, and zoonosis, arthropod-borne infectious diseases, as well as those occurring after major disasters. Important emerging infectious diseases include SARS, swine influenza, MERS, and infection by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, while zoonosis is represented by rabies. Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, but vaccination is insufficient due to high costs in some areas. Arthropod-borne infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, Chikungu- nya fever, Zika fever, and yellow fever, are also important. Learning various lessens from the management of these diseases in other countries, human resource development is currently being promoted in Japan. [Review].
[Usefulness of Polyethylene-Glycol Precipitation As a Screening Method for Macroprolactinemia].
Yamakami A, Takahashi R, Fukazawa C … +2 more , Tanaka C, Takeda K
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609453
Macroprolactin is mostly a complex of monomeric prolactin (PRL) with IgG and considered to be biological inactive. Its presence commonly leads to diagnostic confusion and misdiagnosis. Polyethylene-glycol (PEG) precipita...
Macroprolactin is mostly a complex of monomeric prolactin (PRL) with IgG and considered to be biological inactive. Its presence commonly leads to diagnostic confusion and misdiagnosis. Polyethylene-glycol (PEG) precipitation method is widely used for a screening of macroprolactinemia. We applied PEG precipi- tation method for 200 samples which was ordered test of PRL. The PRL recovery was 65.0±11.2% (mean ±SD). In our data, PRL recovery less than 42.5% (mean-2SD) indicates the presence of macroprolactin. The prevalence of macroprolactinemia was 4.5%(9/197) in total samples and 9.5%(2/21) in hyperprolac- tinemia. Our result indicates the need for PEG screening for macroprolactinemia to avoid misdiagnosis. [Short Communication].
No Relationships between Psychosis and the Diazepam Binding Inhibitor rs2276596 (C/A) Polymorphism in Japanese: An Exploratory Study.
Yoshiharia E, Narita S, Waga C … +3 more , Numajiri M, Onozawa Y, Iwahashi K
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609452
OBJECTIVE: Our recent study for the first time reported genotyping method of the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) rs2276596 polymorphism using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymor- phism (PCR-R...
OBJECTIVE: Our recent study for the first time reported genotyping method of the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) rs2276596 polymorphism using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymor- phism (PCR-RFLP), and revealed a significant relationships between this polymorphism and alcohol depend- ence. In this study, to facilitate elucidation of the pathogeneses of psychoses including schizophrenia and mood (affective) disorders, we investigated the relationship between the DBI rs2276596 polymorphism (C/A) and psychoses. METHOD: We analyzed the DBI genotypes using the PCR-RFLP method in healthy controls, and psychotics including schizophrenia and mood (affective) disorders (including recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder) (ICD-10: F31, F33). RESULT: There was no significant difference in the rs2276596 genotype and allele frequencies of the DBI gene between these psychoses and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The present data suggested that a mutated allele of the DBI was not one of the risk factors for schizophrenia and mood (affective) disorders, as for the rs2276596 polymorphism. [Original].
[Concentration of Soluble CD14-Subtype (Presepsin) in Plasma of Non-Inflammatory and Septic Febrile Children].
Yamaguchi H, Takuma A, Fukuoka E … +7 more , Oto H, Inoue M, Nagahama T, Fukuoka S, Soga T, Umeda Y, Kimura S
Rinsho Byori · 2016 Sep · PMID 30609451
CD14 is present in macrophage, monocyte, and granulocyte cell membranes. Its soluble fraction (soluble CD14-subtype), named presepsin (P-SEP) is present in blood in association with infections, due to phagocy- tosis of m...
CD14 is present in macrophage, monocyte, and granulocyte cell membranes. Its soluble fraction (soluble CD14-subtype), named presepsin (P-SEP) is present in blood in association with infections, due to phagocy- tosis of microorganisms. Increased serum concentration of P-SEP was reported in adult patients with se- vere bacterial sepsis, however, reports on pediatric patients have been limited. In order to clarify if P-SEP increases in pediatric patients with bacterial sepsis, we conducted a study of plasma P-SEP concentration in children with various febrile diseases. Eighty-eight subjects (49 males, 39 females, 18 days to 168 months after birth, mean 3.2 years old) who admitted to our hospital were enrolled. Among them, blood culture was performed for 56 children. As control, twelve afebrile, non-septic children who admitted for routine cardiac catheter examinations for con- genital heart anomaly were enrolled. Blood was withdrawn on admission. Plasma was obtained within 24 hours after blood withdrawal, stored at 4 Celsius degree until assays. P-SEP was assayed using PATHFAST(TM) chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay system (LSI Medience Inc, Tokyo, Japan). Together with P-SEP assays, blood culture, white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were assayed. Local ethic committee approved this study. P-SEP concentration ranged 195 to 866 (median 445) pg/mL in patients whose blood culture was positive on admission (n=7). On the other hand, patients with blood culture negative (n=49) remained low level, 82.1 to 770 (median 242) pg/mL(p=0.046). Control subjects (n=12) showed significantly low concentration of P-SEP (mean 160, SD 189, ranged 79.4 to 411 pg/mL) compared to those from blood culture positive children (mean 487, SD 478 pg/mL, p=0.010). Though number of samples was limited, P-SEP may possibly act as a new mark- er of febrile bacteremia even in children. More study is needed for reference intervals for children. [Original].
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