Journal Of Glaucoma[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Comparing the Accuracy of 4 Artificial Intelligence Models in PubMed Citation Generation for Glaucoma Research.
Civelekler M, Citirik M
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41886462 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: DeepSeek, a biomedically enriched AI model, achieved the highest accuracy in generating PubMed citations for glaucoma research, outperforming general-purpose models and highlighting the necessity of human oversigh...
PRCIS: DeepSeek, a biomedically enriched AI model, achieved the highest accuracy in generating PubMed citations for glaucoma research, outperforming general-purpose models and highlighting the necessity of human oversight to mitigate AI-related citation errors. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of 4 artificial intelligence (AI) models-ChatGPT (OpenAI GPT-3.5), Copilot (GitHub/Microsoft), DeepSeek (DeepSeek AI), and Gemini (Google AI)-in generating PubMed citations for glaucoma research. This study aimed to assess the potential of AI tools for academic reference generation and identify their limitations, particularly in specialized ophthalmology fields. METHODS: Thirty-five standardized clinical paragraphs from the Review of Ophthalmology (fourth edition) were used to test citation accuracy. Each model was instructed to generate AMA 11-style PubMed citations. Citations were evaluated for accuracy, DOI matching, and clinical relevance. An expert review validated the outputs and classified them as "Fully Cited," "Partially Cited," or "Not Cited." RESULTS: DeepSeek, a biomedically enriched model, outperformed the others, with an accuracy of 92.0%. Copilot and Gemini achieved moderate accuracies of 66.7% and 25.8%, respectively, while ChatGPT achieved the lowest citation accuracy at 19.4%. Frequent errors included DOI mismatches, incorrect journal names, and irrelevant references. Expert review confirmed that even the best model produced citation errors, emphasizing the need for human oversight. We interpret this apparent advantage cautiously, as model details, updates, and changes in underlying data may influence performance. CONCLUSION: AI models-particularly biomedically enriched tools such as DeepSeek-can accelerate citation drafting, but citation hallucinations and metadata errors remain common. AI should serve as a decision support tool for reference retrieval and formatting, not a substitute for rigorous manual verification before submission.
Intraocular Pressure Measurement Variability Associated With Face Mask Use.
Tempelhof OF, Reich Y, Rachmiel R … +3 more , Berliner O, Waisbourd M, Kurtz S
J Glaucoma · 2026 Mar · PMID 41885902 · Publisher ↗
PRÉCIS: Masks have a multi-factorial impact on intraocular pressure measured with the Goldmann tonometer, reaching clinical significance in one-third of patients. Before making clinical decisions, repeated measurements w...
PRÉCIS: Masks have a multi-factorial impact on intraocular pressure measured with the Goldmann tonometer, reaching clinical significance in one-third of patients. Before making clinical decisions, repeated measurements without a mask or other tonometers should be considered. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of wearing face masks on intraocular pressure (IOP), the only manageable factor today in glaucoma, a blinding disease. Given the recurrent global outbreaks of respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, RSV, and measles), mask use remains a crucial measure to reduce transmission. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled, and blinded clinical study. Adult patients without corneal pathologies or hypotony were recruited in the glaucoma clinic. Each patient underwent IOP measurements using the Goldmann applanation tonometer under three conditions: with a surgical mask, KN95 mask and without a mask as the control. RESULTS: 47 patients (94 eyes) with various types of glaucoma, were enrolled. Past ocular history included an average of IOP-lowering medications of 1.7±1.5 (range 0 to 5), 25.5% had prior laser treatment for IOP control, and 19.1% had previously undergone glaucoma surgery. The mean difference in IOP readings between the masks ranged from 0 to 7.5 mm Hg with no statistical significance, P=0.116. No significant differences were found based on gender (P=0.560), laterality (P=0.384), number of IOP-lowering medications (P=0.730), history of previous glaucoma laser treatment (P=0.456), or surgery (P=0.425). Sixteen patients (34.0%) exhibited an IOP difference of 3 mm Hg or more between the conditions, although not statistically significant (P=0.546). CONCLUSION: Masks exert inconsistent effects on IOP measurements. In approximately one-third of patients the differences reached clinical significance, although not statistically significant. These variations are presumably influenced by multiple factors, such as mask fit to facial structure, positioning, and alterations in breathing patterns while wearing masks.
Slow-Coagulation Cyclophotocoagulation Versus Conventional Continuous Wave Cyclophotocoagulation and Micropulse Cyclophotocoagulation for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Narainswami N, Chavez MP, Sperotto PHF … +6 more , Alves NR, Lopes GMM, Mazzocato EC, Valentim CCS, du Toit N, Khodeiry M
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jul · PMID 41885899 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: SC-TSCPC significantly lowers intraocular pressure more effectively than MP-TSCPC and performs similarly to CW-TSCPC. Safety and visual outcomes are comparable, supporting its use as a nonincisional treatment opti...
PRCIS: SC-TSCPC significantly lowers intraocular pressure more effectively than MP-TSCPC and performs similarly to CW-TSCPC. Safety and visual outcomes are comparable, supporting its use as a nonincisional treatment option for various glaucoma patients. INTRODUCTION: Slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (SC-TSCPC) is an emerging laser modality for glaucoma management designed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible fewer complications than conventional continuous-wave (CW-TSCPC) and micropulse (MP-TSCPC) approaches. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of SC-TSCPC with those of MP-TSCPC and CW-TSCPC. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception through December 2025 for studies comparing SC-TSCPC with MP-TSCPC or "conventional" CW-TSCPC. Primary outcomes were IOP reduction from baseline and IOP at last follow-up. Secondary outcomes included medication burden, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment success, and complications. We computed mean differences (MDs) for continuous endpoints and risk ratios (RRs) for binary endpoints, with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Thirteen studies comprising 992 patients were included. SC-TSCPC achieved greater IOP reduction from baseline compared with MP-TSCPC ( MD 1.29 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.26-2.32, P =0.01, I2 =0%) but was comparable to conventional CW-TSCPC ( MD -1.00 mm Hg, 95% CI -3.14 to 1.13, P =0.36). IOP at last follow-up, number of medications, BCVA, treatment success, and total complication rates for SC-TSCPC were similar to those for MP-TSCPC or CW-TSCPC. CONCLUSION: SC-TSCPC may provide comparable IOP control to CW-TSCPC and appears more effective than MP-TSCPC in lowering IOP, with a similar safety profile. It may represent a viable nonincisional treatment option for glaucoma, including patients who retain visual potential. These results require cautious interpretation due to the overall low-to-very low quality of evidence and significant heterogeneity among studies. Larger randomized studies are needed to validate these findings.
Comparison of 360-Degree Trabeculotomy Versus Traditional Angle Surgery in Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Abbas J, Haider F, Arooj H … +9 more , Rustam Z, Srivastava S, Haider H, Makhija V, Srivastava S, Binte Athar F, Ahmed F, Arsalan Z, Wang B
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jul · PMID 41875194 · Full text
PRCIS: Systematic Meta-Analysis demonstrates greater IOP reduction, fewer glaucoma medication uses, and a higher surgical success rate with 360-degree trabeculotomy compared with traditional angle surgery in primary cong...
PRCIS: Systematic Meta-Analysis demonstrates greater IOP reduction, fewer glaucoma medication uses, and a higher surgical success rate with 360-degree trabeculotomy compared with traditional angle surgery in primary congenital glaucoma. PURPOSE: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare vision-threatening disorder that can lead to blindness if untreated. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of traditional angle surgery (goniotomy and rigid-probe trabeculotomy) versus 360-degree trabeculotomy in children with PCG. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane (CENTRAL), ScienceDirect, and Clinicaltrials.gov. A total of 1740 studies were obtained from databases, and 12 studies, 3 RCTs, and 9 Retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Mean Differences (MD) for continuous outcomes and Odds Ratios (OR) for dichotomous outcomes were analyzed. The primary outcomes were the reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications at 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Pooled analysis of 778 eyes demonstrated that 360-degree trabeculotomy showed a significant reduction in IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications compared with traditional angle surgery by -2.10 mm Hg (-3.26 to -0.94; P =0.0004, I2 =55%) and -0.47 drops (-0.69 to -0.25; P <0.0001, I2 =55%), respectively. Compared with traditional angle surgery group, the 360-degree trabeculotomy group showed higher complete and qualified success rates with OR of 5.07 (3.43-7.50; P <0.0001, I2 =4%) and 3.00 (1.47-6.12; P =0.003, I2 =46%) respectively, and as well as, reduction in failure rate with OR of 0.18 (0.11-0.31; P <0.0001, I2 =14%). No statistically significant differences were observed for postoperative axial length, change in cup/disc ratio, or change in horizontal corneal diameter. CONCLUSIONS: 360-degree trabeculotomy showed greater reduction in IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications postoperatively than traditional angle surgery with improved success and reduced failure rates.
Association Between Corneal Biomechanics and 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Variation in Untreated Glaucoma.
Wu N, Aihemaiti X, Sun X … +1 more , Chen Y
J Glaucoma · 2026 May · PMID 41875190 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: In patients with untreated primary open angle glaucoma, the higher the corneal deformability, the lower the changes in 24-hour intraocular pressure variation. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between corne...
PRCIS: In patients with untreated primary open angle glaucoma, the higher the corneal deformability, the lower the changes in 24-hour intraocular pressure variation. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanics and 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) variation in patients with untreated primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Two hundred forty-five (245) eyes of 124 patients with POAG were included in this cross-sectional study. Each patient underwent measurement of corneal biomechanics with Corvis ST. IOP measurements were taken every 2 hours during a 24-hour period by a noncontact tonometer. RESULTS: The study included 70 men and 54 women. The mean age was 51.41 ± 14.42 years. In the multivariate regression analyses, lower SP-A1 was associated with smaller values of 24-hour IOP fluctuation (difference between peak and trough IOP of 24-hour recordings), mean amplitude of intraocular pressure excursion (MAPE) and average, peak and trough IOPs of the 24-hour, diurnal and nocturnal time periods. Integrated radius was negatively correlated with average, peak, and trough IOPs of both the 24-hour and diurnal time course, as well as with the trough nocturnal IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal deformability reflected by biomechanical properties measured by Corvis ST is associated with 24-hour IOP variation in untreated POAG patients. Increased corneal deformability is associated with lower 24-hour IOP changes.
Macula Spatial Patterns and Their Association With Central Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma Using Artificial Intelligence.
Mahmoudinezhad G, Moghimi S, Pawar V … +16 more , Cheng J, Walker E, Beheshtaein S, Yong YX, Beheshtaein S, Alam NA, Parupudi VSR, Meller L, Nishida T, Liebmann JM, Girkin CA, Fazio MA, Christopher M, Zangwill LM, Vasconcelos N, Weinreb RN
J Glaucoma · 2026 May · PMID 41875177 · Publisher ↗
PRECIS: Artificial intelligence-derived macular thinning patterns were associated with central visual field progression in glaucoma and outperformed global thickness metrics in predicting progression across disease sever...
PRECIS: Artificial intelligence-derived macular thinning patterns were associated with central visual field progression in glaucoma and outperformed global thickness metrics in predicting progression across disease severities. PURPOSE: To provide spatial patterns of ganglion cell complex thickness and assess their associations with central visual field progression in glaucoma. METHODS: Macular patterns from the ganglion cell complex were determined using an artificial intelligence algorithm termed archetypal analysis (AA). The diagnostic accuracy of spatial patterns for detecting 10-2 central visual field progression in eyes with at least five 10-2 visual field tests was calculated and compared with the mean global ganglion cell complex thickness. Eyes with progression on either of 2 trend-based methods (significant MD slope less than -0.5 dB/y or clustered pointwise linear regression) were classified as "progressors." RESULTS: A total of 4031 macular scans of 1093 eyes (611 patients) were included, with a mean (SD) age of 67.8 (12.7) years. Eleven distinct spatial patterns were identified. While the macular vulnerable zone was preferentially affected in 4 patterns, most of the less vulnerable zones were preserved. The AA models at baseline achieved AUROC [0.73 (95% CI, 0.62-0.84)] and outperformed global ganglion cell complex thickness [0.55 (95% CI, 0.46-0.61), P =0.01] for predicting central VF progression in eyes with early disease at baseline. The AA models AUROC [0.70 (95% CI, 0.59-0.80)] also outperformed ganglion cell complex thickness [0.55 (95% CI, 0.48-0.60), P =0.02] for predicting central VF progression across all severities. CONCLUSIONS: Using unsupervised artificial intelligence, characteristic patterns of macular thinning were identified and associated with progression in the central visual field. Spatial macular pattern analysis may enhance individualized care and improve risk stratification for those at risk of central VF damage.
Corneal Endothelium Cell Loss After Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Dastiridou A, Pappa ME, Benekos K … +3 more , Androudi S, Tsinopoulos I, Katsanos A
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41875171 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: GDD implantation in the anterior chamber is associated with progressive corneal endothelial cell loss over time, with evidence suggesting a more pronounced effect in Asian compared with Caucasian eyes. PURPOSE: Co...
PRCIS: GDD implantation in the anterior chamber is associated with progressive corneal endothelial cell loss over time, with evidence suggesting a more pronounced effect in Asian compared with Caucasian eyes. PURPOSE: Corneal endothelial cell damage occurs with various surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the impact of Ahmed or Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD). METHODS: Database search involved MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, NIH Clinical Trials ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ), and Google Scholar (PROSPERO ID:CRD42024521140). The included studies focused on standalone GDD implantation in eyes without pre-existing corneal endothelial pathologies and with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (ROBINS-I). RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 572 eyes. ECD after anterior chamber GDD implantation decreased by 204.7 cells/mm 2 (95% CI: 149.2, 260.1, I 2 =61.04%) at 12 months. Subgroup analysis revealed a greater ECD loss in predominantly Asian (MD, 225.5 cells/mm 2 ; 95% CI: 151.1, 300.0, I 2 =67.4%) compared with predominantly Caucasian population (MD, 155.3 cells/mm 2 ; 95% CI: 94.5, 216.2, I 2 =0%) and no difference between Ahmed and Baerveldt GDD. Sensitivity analysis showed ECD loss of 227.1 cells/mm 2 (95% CI: 182.6, 271.6, I 2 =32.6%). At 24 months after anterior chamber GDD implantation, ECD decreased by 287.8 cells/mm 2 (95% CI: 233.0, 342.7, I 2 =53.4%). ECD loss at 12 months after sulcus or pars plana placement varied between 12 and 629.6 cells/mm 2 , but significant heterogeneity in studies precluded meta-analysis of available data. CONCLUSION: Overall, implantation of a GDD leads to clinically relevant corneal endothelial cell loss. ECD loss may be more pronounced in Asians compared with Caucasians. No difference in ECD loss was observed between the 2 GDD types GDD. The existing evidence is characterized by heterogeneity, and further high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish definitive estimates.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Ciliochoroidal Detachment Following Preserflo MicroShunt Implantation.
Baba T, Okada N, Tokumo K … +2 more , Sakaguchi H, Hirooka K
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41875144 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: Short axial length and postoperative hypotony are significantly associated with ciliochoroidal detachment following Preserflo MicroShunt implantation. PURPOSE: This study investigated the incidence and associated...
PRCIS: Short axial length and postoperative hypotony are significantly associated with ciliochoroidal detachment following Preserflo MicroShunt implantation. PURPOSE: This study investigated the incidence and associated factors of ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD) following Preserflo MicroShunt (PFM) implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PFM implantation, with or without combined cataract surgery, was performed on 83 eyes from August 2023 to June 2024. CCD was evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography on postoperative day 1, and at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with the development of CCD. RESULTS: CCD occurred in 56 of 83 eyes (67.5%). CCD was observed in 48 eyes (57.8%) on day 1, 53 eyes (63.9%) at 1 week, 18 eyes (21.7%) at 1 month, 4 eyes (4.8%) at 2 months, and 1 eye (1.2%) at 3 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) (mm Hg) was significantly lower in eyes with CCD than in those without CCD at all time points except at 2 months: 5.9±2.9 vs. 8.3±5.0 ( P =0.008) on day 1; 6.8±3.2 vs. 9.9±7.0 ( P =0.02) at 1 week; 7.9±4.4 vs. 11.6±5.7 ( P =0.001) at 1 month; 7.0±4.1 vs. 11.4±4.8 ( P =0.055) at 2 months; and 2.0 vs. 11.6±4.0 ( P =0.045) at 3 months. The short axial length ( P =0.005) and postoperative hypotony (IOP ≤6 mm Hg) ( P =0.03) were significantly associated with CCD. CONCLUSION: CCD is common after PFM implantation. Short axial length and postoperative hypotony are significant risk factors.
Effectiveness of a Hybrid Telemedicine Model for Glaucoma Management.
Surapaneni L, Miguez S, Dibbs M … +3 more , Rivera Morales P, Dave A, Diaz V
J Glaucoma · 2026 May · PMID 41842922 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: In a hybrid telemedicine model consisting of alternating in-person and telemedicine visits, ∼95% of telemedicine visits for glaucoma had findings and assessments consistent with in-person visits, suggesting this m...
PRCIS: In a hybrid telemedicine model consisting of alternating in-person and telemedicine visits, ∼95% of telemedicine visits for glaucoma had findings and assessments consistent with in-person visits, suggesting this model's effectiveness in monitoring glaucoma. PURPOSE: A hybrid model of teleophthalmology involves an in-person visit for imaging with a technician, followed by a telemedicine visit with an ophthalmologist. At our institution, we alternate in-person visits with hybrid telemedicine visits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this novel telemedicine platform for identifying findings that can lead to management changes for glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of patients seen by a telemedicine-using ophthalmologist at a tertiary eye center for a glaucoma-related condition from September 2023 to October 2024 were reviewed. The main outcome measures were cup-disc ratio, retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, visual field defects, and changes in findings or management between in-person and telemedicine visits. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and paired t tests and χ 2 testing were also used. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients (mean age 65 y; 63% female) underwent 162 hybrid telemedicine visits for glaucoma-related concerns. The most common diagnoses were glaucoma suspect (36%) and moderate stage glaucoma (26%). Using a χ 2 test, telemedicine visits demonstrated significantly greater consistency in findings and assessments with in-person visits than would be expected by chance ( P <0.001). The sensitivity of telemedicine in detecting worsening clinical findings was 75%, and the specificity was 100%. CONCLUSION: Approximately 95% of telemedicine visits had findings and assessments consistent with both preceding and subsequent in-person visits, indicating the effectiveness of a hybrid telemedicine model for monitoring and managing glaucoma progression.
Refractive Outcomes of Toric Intraocular Lenses in Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy Surgery.
Murthy GJ, Cn S, Mr P … +1 more , Sudhakar P
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41842920 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: Toric intraocular lenses provided accurate astigmatic correction and favourable visual outcomes in combined phacotrabeculectomy when a standardized trabeculectomy technique was used, minimizing refractive unpredic...
PRCIS: Toric intraocular lenses provided accurate astigmatic correction and favourable visual outcomes in combined phacotrabeculectomy when a standardized trabeculectomy technique was used, minimizing refractive unpredictability traditionally associated with glaucoma surgery. PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted during combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy using a standardized surgical technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a combined retrospective and prospective interventional case series involving 70 eyes of patients with primary open angle or angle closure glaucoma and visually significant cataract with regular corneal astigmatism ≥0.75 D. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon, using a standardized trabeculectomy technique and image-guided toric IOL alignment. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Vector analysis of astigmatism was performed using the Alpins method. RESULTS: Mean age was 70.06±9.97 years; mean follow-up was 9.33 months. UCVA improved significantly from baseline to 0.24 log MAR at 1 month and 0.18 at 3 months ( P <0.001). Mean absolute residual cylinder was 0.21±0.52 D at 3 months. At 3 months, 80% had no manifest cylindrical error, and 91.4% had residual cylinder <1.00 D. Mean IOP reduced from 16.04±5.56 mmHg preoperatively to 12.54±3.12 mm Hg at 3 months ( P <0.001). Mean number of AGMs decreased from 2.47±1.06 to 0.47±0.81 ( P <0.001). Vector analysis showed mild overcorrection and high alignment accuracy. CONCLUSION: Toric IOLs offer safe and effective astigmatism correction in combined phacotrabeculectomy when performed using a standardized technique, with visual and refractive outcomes comparable to standalone cataract surgery.
Anterior Chamber Angle Changes and Surgical Outcomes After Combined Phacoemulsification and High-Frequency Deep Sclerotomy: A Prospective AS-OCT Study.
Orenc P, Kuçukbezirci GU, Gungel H
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41842918 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: Postoperative AS-OCT evaluation after combined phacoemulsification and HFDS revealed specific AS-OCT angle parameters correlated with surgical success, supporting its role as a potential imaging biomarker for long...
PRCIS: Postoperative AS-OCT evaluation after combined phacoemulsification and HFDS revealed specific AS-OCT angle parameters correlated with surgical success, supporting its role as a potential imaging biomarker for long-term glaucoma surgery follow-up. PURPOSE: To evaluate postoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters following combined high-frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and phacoemulsification surgery and to assess their relationship with intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and medication use over an 18-month period. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 75 eyes of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) who underwent combined phacoemulsification and HFDS. AS-OCT imaging was performed between 1 and 18 months postoperatively to measure angle-opening distance (AOD500/750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA500/750), and scleroconjunctival complex thickness (SCT). The presence of episcleral hyporeflective spaces (EHS) was also recorded. Surgical success was defined as complete (IOP ≤21 mm Hg, ≥20% reduction, without medication) or qualified (with medication). RESULTS: Mean IOP decreased significantly from 16.8±4.0 mm Hg to 14.2±2.9 mm Hg at 18 months, with a marked reduction in medication use. Complete success was achieved in 65.3% of eyes. Postoperative AS-OCT showed generalized widening of the anterior chamber angles. Measurements at 500 µm were not associated with IOP outcomes, whereas some 750 µm parameters-particularly nasal AOD750-showed variable associations with IOP reduction depending on outcome definitions and pressure change magnitude. SCT and EHS did not differ between outcome groups. No significant differences were found between POAG and PEX eyes, and AS-OCT parameters remained stable throughout follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacoemulsification and HFDS provides sustained IOP reduction and medication decrease over 18 months. AS-OCT shows postoperative angle widening and suggests that 750 µm posterior angle measurements may reflect surgical outcomes.
Short-term Efficacy and Safety of Preserflo MicroShunt Surgery in Glaucoma Eyes With and Without High Myopia.
Iemura H, Yoshimoto S, Sugisawa K … +8 more , Yasuda S, Shibata Y, Zhou N, Ohno M, Shiotani Y, Teramatsu R, Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41842914 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: This study demonstrated that the Preserflo MicroShunt effectively lowered intraocular pressure in eyes with open angle glaucoma; however, the reduction was less pronounced in highly myopic eyes than in nonhighly m...
PRCIS: This study demonstrated that the Preserflo MicroShunt effectively lowered intraocular pressure in eyes with open angle glaucoma; however, the reduction was less pronounced in highly myopic eyes than in nonhighly myopic eyes. PURPOSE: To compare surgical outcomes between eyes with high myopia (HM) and non-HM in open angle glaucoma (OAG) and to identify risk factors for surgical success. METHODS: This retrospective study included 52 eyes (41 patients) with OAG that underwent Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) implantation and were followed for 6 months. Eyes were categorized by axial length (AL) into non-HM (AL ≤26.5 mm) and HM (AL >26.5 mm) groups. Surgical success was defined as a ≥20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and postoperative IOP ≤18 mm Hg (criterion A), ≤15 mm Hg (criterion B), or ≤12 mm Hg (criterion C) without increased glaucoma medications. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared cumulative success rates, and Cox regression identified risk factors for failure. RESULTS: Mean AL was 24.01±1.18 mm in non-HM and 30.26±2.30 mm in HM eyes ( P <0.001). IOP and medication use significantly decreased in both groups at all time points (all P <0.001). The non-HM group showed significantly lower IOP at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively ( P =0.037 and P =0.034), with no differences after 1 month. At 6 months, surgical success was significantly lower in HM eyes for criteria A and C ( P =0.009 and P =0.044). AL was the critical risk factor for surgical failure. No significant differences were found in adverse events between groups. CONCLUSIONS: PMS implantation effectively lowered IOP in both groups; however, surgical success was reduced in HM eyes, suggesting decreased short-term surgical stability.
Letter to the Editor: Anatomic Features of the Lamina Cribrosa and Optic Disc in Ocular Hypertension, Glaucoma and Healthy Eyes.
Canleblebici M, Balbaba M
J Glaucoma · 2026 Feb · PMID 41842591 · Publisher ↗
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Outcomes of Drainage Device Surgery in Uveitic Glaucoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Meng Z, Cao H, Cao J … +2 more , Gao L, Li W
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41842588 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: In this meta-analysis of 1083 eyes with UG, GDDs achieved the overall surgical success rate of 65.40%, with AGVs demonstrating the greatest IOP reduction and BGIs requiring fewer postoperative medications. PURPOSE...
PRCIS: In this meta-analysis of 1083 eyes with UG, GDDs achieved the overall surgical success rate of 65.40%, with AGVs demonstrating the greatest IOP reduction and BGIs requiring fewer postoperative medications. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and complication profiles of different types of glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) in patients with uveitic glaucoma (UG). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase identified relevant GDD implantation studies in UG through October 12, 2025. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were implemented using EndNote, followed by meta-analyses through "meta" package in R software (version 4.3.0). RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies (1083 eyes) were analyzed. The meta-analysis indicated a remarkable drop in intraocular pressure (IOP) across all GDD types postoperatively. Among these, the Ahmed glaucoma valves (AGVs) presented the greatest IOP reduction than other devices [MD = -28.87, 95% CI: (-38.38, -19.36)]. Postoperative use of topical IOP-lowering medications declined universally across all devices, with the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implants (BGIs) again showing the most pronounced reduction [MD=-5.28, 95% CI (-8.40, -2.15)]. In the comparative analysis between AGVs and BGIs, the BGIs group required fewer postoperative IOP-lowering medications than the AGVs group. The overall surgical success rate post-GDD implantation was 65.40% (95% CI: 54.90%-74.60%), with complete success and qualified success rates of 36.40% (95% CI: 25.40%-49.00%) and 40.30% (95% CI: 25.60%-56.90%). Postoperative complications included elevated IOP in 22.70% and hypotony in 18.40% of AGV-implanted eyes. CONCLUSION: Ahmed, Baerveldt, Molteno, and PAUL Glaucoma Implant are effective surgical options for UG management. However, current evidence remains scarce for novel devices, and the differences in efficacy and complication profiles among devices warrant consideration in individualized treatment planning.
Care Continuity and Risk of Glaucoma Surgery in Newly Diagnosed Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Cho IH, Park M, Kim H … +2 more , Cha Y, Kim SH
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jun · PMID 41842585 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: Low care continuity increases the risk of glaucoma surgery in primary open angle glaucoma patients, especially in females and older adults. Enhancing care continuity may improve treatment outcomes. PURPOSE: To inv...
PRCIS: Low care continuity increases the risk of glaucoma surgery in primary open angle glaucoma patients, especially in females and older adults. Enhancing care continuity may improve treatment outcomes. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between care continuity and the risk of glaucoma surgery in patients newly diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: This nationwide cohort study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort (2002-2019) on patients who were newly diagnosed with POAG between 2004 and 2016 and had at least 4 ambulatory clinic visits for POAG within 2 years after diagnosis. On the basis of their continuity of care indices, we categorized participants into high and low-care continuity groups. We utilized the Kaplan-Meier method to determine the cumulative incidence of glaucoma surgery, excluding laser treatments, and applied Poisson regression to estimate incidence rates. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to assess the relationship between care continuity and the risk of glaucoma surgery in patients with POAG. RESULTS: Among the 12,713 newly diagnosed patients with POAG, 6769 (53.1%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 66.58 (8.24) years. The cumulative incidence of glaucoma surgery was significantly higher in patients with low care continuity ( P <0.001). Similarly, the incidence rate of glaucoma surgery was higher in these patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.31-2.06, P <0.001). This increased risk was particularly pronounced in female patients, patients aged ≥70 years, and those with lower comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Low care continuity is associated with increased risk of glaucoma surgery in patients with POAG. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving care continuity in patients with POAG should be considered to improve glaucoma treatment outcomes.
PAUL® Glaucoma Implant versus Ahmed® Glaucoma Valve in Pediatric Glaucoma Following Congenital Cataract Surgery.
Mendoza-Moreira AL, Stingl JV, Wolfrum P … +5 more , Welzel AM, Rezapour J, Wagner FM, Schuster AK, Hoffmann EM
J Glaucoma · 2026 Feb · PMID 41842584 · Publisher ↗
PRÉCIS: Both PGI and AGV can be used to lower intraocular pressure with a good safety profile in children with glaucoma following cataract surgery. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul Glaucoma Im...
PRÉCIS: Both PGI and AGV can be used to lower intraocular pressure with a good safety profile in children with glaucoma following cataract surgery. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul Glaucoma Implant (PGI) and the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) in children with glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery (GFCS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included children aged 0-17 years with GFCS who underwent PGI implantation at a tertiary center between 2022 and 2024, with at least one year of follow-up. Outcomes were compared with a retrospective cohort treated with AGV. Primary outcomes were reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of antiglaucoma medications. Secondary outcomes included surgical success, defined as IOP ≤21 mmHg and ≥6 mmHg without failure criteria. Failure was defined as two consecutive IOP measurements outside the target after 3 months, need for oral acetazolamide, reoperation, implant explantation, or loss of light perception. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes from 12 patients (7 per group) completed one-year follow-up. Mean IOP decreased significantly in both groups, from 26.7±5.2 to 14.4±3.0 mmHg in the AGV group and from 30.4±9.7 to 12.6±4.5 mmHg in the PGI group, with no significant intergroup difference. Median medication use decreased from 3 (IQR 0) to 0 (IQR 1) in the AGV group and from 4 (IQR 1) to 2 (IQR 2) in the PGI group. Complete or qualified success was achieved in 85.7% of AGV eyes and 100% of PGI eyes. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION: PGI and AGV showed comparable efficacy, safety, and surgical success in children with GFCS.
Efficacy and Safety of Preservative-Free Versus Preserved Latanoprost in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alfatih M, Wunardi C, Amaral DC … +2 more , Louzada RN, Abu Serhan H
J Glaucoma · 2026 Jul · PMID 41842582 · Publisher ↗
PRCIS: In this meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1880 eyes, preservative-free latanoprost (PFL) demonstrated comparable intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy to preserved latanoprost (PL), but w...
PRCIS: In this meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1880 eyes, preservative-free latanoprost (PFL) demonstrated comparable intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy to preserved latanoprost (PL), but with a significantly lower risk of ocular surface hyperemia, supporting its use in patients with preservative sensitivity. PURPOSE: To review the efficacy and safety of preservative-free latanoprost (PFL) versus preserved latanoprost (PL) for glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251027099), and a literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in March 2025 to find eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Outcomes of interest include IOP reduction and ocular adverse events (OAEs). Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2.0. The meta-analyses were executed in RStudio. RESULTS: The search yielded 591 records, of which 10 studies involving 1880 patients from the USA, India, South Korea, and various European countries were included in this study. Meta-analyses showed a significantly greater mean IOP reduction with PL compared with PFL at 2 weeks (MD=0.43 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.05-0.81), with no significant difference at 4, 6, and 12 weeks (MD=0.03 mm Hg, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.37; MD=0.14 mm Hg, 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.48; and MD=0.22 mm Hg, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.59, respectively). In terms of safety, PFL was associated with a significantly lower risk of ocular surface hyperemia (RR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.51-0.85) and a lower-though not statistically significant-risk of overall OAEs (RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-1.00). GRADE assessment constitutes low to moderate certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION: PFL has comparable IOP-lowering efficacy compared with PL, with superior ocular tolerability. These findings support the use of PFL as a suitable alternative to PL, particularly in patients sensitive to preservatives.
Letter to the Editor: Diagnostic Capacity and Correlation of Optic Nerve Colorimetry With Structural Parameters in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Gonzalez de la Rosa M
J Glaucoma · 2026 Mar · PMID 41747143 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Response to the Letter to the Editor: Diagnostic Capacity and Correlation of Optic Nerve Colorimetry With Structural Parameters in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Salazar-Quiñones L, Pérez-Quiñones Y, Etxabe-Ávila H … +3 more , Sánchez-Del-Hoyo R, Fernández-Vigo JI, García-Feijóo J
J Glaucoma · 2026 Mar · PMID 41746862 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
PyOPV: An Open-Source Python Package for Ophthalmic Visual Field Data Management.
Hallaj S, Boland MV, Halfpenny W … +4 more , Myers JS, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Baxter SL
J Glaucoma · 2026 Mar · PMID 41746848 · Publisher ↗
PRÉCIS: PyOPV is a software designed and validated for handling standard visual field DICOM files, enabling multiple functionalities for glaucoma researchers. PURPOSE: To introduce PyOPV, a novel vendor-agnostic Python-b...
PRÉCIS: PyOPV is a software designed and validated for handling standard visual field DICOM files, enabling multiple functionalities for glaucoma researchers. PURPOSE: To introduce PyOPV, a novel vendor-agnostic Python-based software package we designed for the management and analysis of OPhthalmic Visual field (OPV) DICOM data. PyOPV addresses limitations in interoperability and data accessibility encountered by vision researchers by providing tools that check DICOM compliance, parse, and convert OPV DICOM files into formats easily usable for research and integration with research data systems (eg, Pandas Dataframes, JSON). METHODS: PyOPV was developed using Python 3.8.2. It uses Supplement 146 of the DICOM standard to check compliance, which defines the "ophthalmic-visual-field-static-perimetry-measurements" Composite Information Object Definition. Sample OPV DICOM files from 3 vendors that provide perimetry devices were used to design the package and analyzed for DICOM. The functionalities were then validated at 2 different institutions. RESULTS: PyOPV successfully extracted and converted OPV DICOM data into Pandas DataFrames and JSON formats, facilitating data access, analysis, and visualization. The validation on longitudinal files from different protocols demonstrated excellent agreement between PyOPV outputs and ground truth data extracted using in-place workflows of each institution. Further, it highlighted significant interoperability challenges by demonstrating missing attributes across vendors, with a considerable proportion (range: 17%-51%) of the required tags missing from the files. CONCLUSIONS: PyOPV provides an efficient solution for handling ophthalmic visual field data, bridging a critical gap in data interoperability and research scalability. It can incorporate OPV files from different vendors and distinct protocols in bulk, thereby enhancing the ability to analyze and integrate visual field data into large-scale health data warehouses, supporting ophthalmic informatics and advancing clinical research. PyOPV is limited by the vendors' failure to provide all data elements.
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