The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Patterns of lifetime reported physical activity and their association with BMI and body composition in USA adults.
Pereira DB, Conde WL
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40622310 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has a direct influence on body composition, particularly in terms of lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM). This study assesses how lifelong changes in PA impact body mass index (BMI)...
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has a direct influence on body composition, particularly in terms of lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM). This study assesses how lifelong changes in PA impact body mass index (BMI) and body composition using data from NHANES (1999-2006) for adults aged 29 to 59 years. METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2006), including male and female participants aged 29-59. The cross-sectional analysis focused on the relationship between BMI and the fat mass index (FMI)/Lean Body Mass Index (LBMI) ratio, adjusted for height (ht). Multivariate linear regression models were adjusted for covariates and stratified by sex. All analyses were adjusted considering the sample weights. RESULTS: The analysis comprised 5115 participants, with 51.7% male and an average age of 42.8±0.13 years. The FMI/ht-LBMI ratio is approximately 0.4 for men and 0.7 for women. The results indicated that women had a mean BMI increase (β=1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.4) for every 0.1 increase in the FMI/ht-LBMI ratio, while men had a mean BMI increase (β=1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.4) (P<0.05), compared to those maintaining the same PA pattern over ten years. Additionally, factors such as socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and nutritional status at age 25 were found to significantly impact body composition outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, long-term PA emerges as a modifier in population-level body composition. Individuals with a history of lower PA over the last decade showed a higher proportion of adipose tissue. In this way, the importance of maintaining substantial levels of PA throughout life is emphasized, contributing positively to body composition.
Taping on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic stability in CrossFit® practitioners: a randomized trial.
de Miranda JP, Costa ML, de Souza JA … +7 more , Dos Santos VV, de Figueiredo CH, de Assis RB, Maynart FR, de Oliveira Mascarenhas R, Oliveira MX, Gomes WF
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40622309 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: CrossFit is a high-intensity, functional movement modality that requires a good ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and stability for safe and effective performance. This study investigated the effects of tala...
BACKGROUND: CrossFit is a high-intensity, functional movement modality that requires a good ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and stability for safe and effective performance. This study investigated the effects of talar taping on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic stability in CrossFit practitioners. METHODS: This was a two-arm, single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Healthy CrossFit practitioners were randomly assigned to the experimental group, which self-applied a talar taping for four weeks, or the control group, which trained as usual. Participants were evaluated at baseline, after the first session, and after four weeks after allocation. Dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed with the weight-bearing lunge test, and ankle dynamic stability was evaluated with the modified-Star Excursion Balance Test. Both feet were considered. Statistical analyses followed the principles of intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two participants (44 feet) were included. For the dorsiflexion range of motion, no between-groups statistically significant difference was found after a single session (0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.26 to 1.17, P=0.21) or after four weeks (0.21, 95% CI -1.19 to 1.61, P=0.76). For dynamic stability, no between-groups statistically significant difference was found after a single session; however, after 4 weeks, a statistically significant difference between groups was found in favor of the experimental group in the posteromedial direction (P=0.04), posterolateral direction (P=0.02) and in the composite value (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Adding a self-applied talar taping to four-week training sessions may improve ankle dynamic stability in CrossFit practitioners.
Optimizing sprint performance: a comparative analysis of strength training methodologies.
Li H
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40600727 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This investigation sought to elucidate the differential effects of varied strength training approaches on sprint velocity and initial acceleration in high-level sprinters. METHODS: The study engaged 48 elite...
BACKGROUND: This investigation sought to elucidate the differential effects of varied strength training approaches on sprint velocity and initial acceleration in high-level sprinters. METHODS: The study engaged 48 elite track athletes (equally divided between males and females, aged 18-25) who were randomly allocated to four distinct training regimens: conventional resistance training (CRT), plyometric training (PLT), integrated complex training (ICT), and a control cohort (CC) adhering to their standard training protocol. The experimental phase spanned 12 weeks, with three weekly sessions supplementing the participants' regular sprint practice. Assessment metrics, conducted pre- and post-intervention, encompassed 10-m and 30-m sprint durations, ground force reactions during the early acceleration phase, and peak strength indicators. RESULTS: The results revealed that while all experimental groups exhibited enhanced sprint performance relative to the control, the integrated complex training cohort demonstrated the most pronounced improvements in both sprint velocity and acceleration capacity (P<0.01). The plyometric training group showcased the most significant advancements in initial acceleration (P<0.05), whereas the conventional resistance training group achieved the highest gains in maximal strength (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that a multifaceted approach to strength development, particularly one that incorporates complex training principles, may yield optimal results for overall sprint performance enhancement in elite sprinters. The study underscores the importance for coaches and athletes to consider implementing a diverse spectrum of strength training methodologies to maximize sprint speed and acceleration potential.
Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of three self-report questionnaires for assessing physical activity levels in Brazilian military.
Fernandes HM, Silva NS, Esteves P … +5 more , Machado-Rodrigues AM, Doimo LA, Ferreira LF, Bomfim AB, Resende HG
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40600726 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the reliability and criterion validity of three physical activity questionnaires in Brazilian military soldiers. METHODS: A convenience sample of 109 male Air Force soldiers (18.86...
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the reliability and criterion validity of three physical activity questionnaires in Brazilian military soldiers. METHODS: A convenience sample of 109 male Air Force soldiers (18.86±0.36 years of age and 22.59±2.58 kg/m body mass index) completed the Brazilian Portuguese versions of the two-item PACE+, the Godin-Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) and the Baecke's Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ) twice (day one and six weeks after), for test-retest purposes. The criterion validity of these measures was assessed against the soldiers' cardiorespiratory fitness performance by Cooper's 12-minute run test. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) results indicated excellent reliability for the BHPAQ (ICC=0.85) and moderate to good reliability for the PACE+ and GSLTPAQ (ICC=0.50 and 0.63, respectively). The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement and lower bias for the PACE+ and the BHPAQ (mean differences = 1.01 and -0.06, respectively). The significant correlations with the cardiorespiratory fitness levels were only observed for PACE+ (ρ=0.22), BHPAQ sports dimension (ρ=0.29), and BHPAQ total (ρ=0.24) scores. CONCLUSIONS: The BHPAQ showed to be the most suitable of these three self-report physical activity questionnaires for use in these military personnel, revealing higher test-retest reliability and criterion validity.
Isolated non-ischemic left ventricular scar in athletes: scientific and clinical rationale behind the 2023 Recommendations of the Italian Sports Cardiology Guidelines (COCIS).
Zorzi A, Graziano F, Pelliccia A … +2 more , Cecchi F, Corrado D
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Jul · PMID 40589155 · Publisher ↗
Isolated non-ischemic left ventricular scar (NLVS) refers to the presence of significant late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with subepicardial/midmyocardial distribution detected through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) i...
Isolated non-ischemic left ventricular scar (NLVS) refers to the presence of significant late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with subepicardial/midmyocardial distribution detected through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the absence of other features of a specific disease and excluding the junctional spotty pattern that is not pathological. This nosographic entity is relatively recent, emerging with the widespread clinical use of CMR. The NLVS has recently been associated with cardiac arrest in sports. On the other hand, cohort where CMR was performed on apparently healthy volunteers revealed prevalence of around 5-10% in asymptomatic athletes, suggesting that in the majority of cases the condition has a benign course. Today, the most common clinical scenario involves the diagnosis of NLVS following a CMR performed for ventricular arrhythmias, often in the absence of family history, baseline ECG abnormalities, or ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography. However, the clinical presentation can range from relatively simple isolated premature ventricular beats to complex ventricular-arrhythmias and from limited LGE to extensive (ring-like) scars, sometimes associated with a positive genetic test. Although robust evidence for risk stratification is still lacking, it is reasonable to hypothesize a correlation between phenotype severity and arrhythmic risk, analogous to other cardiomyopathies. This article explores the pathophysiological hypotheses surrounding NLVS in athletes, the appropriate diagnostic work-up, strategies for risk stratification, and the recommendations for sports eligibility outlined in the recent 2023 Italian sports cardiology guidelines (COCIS).
Numbers do not lie, but they can mislead: rethinking what doping prevalence statistics really mean.
Petróczi A
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Jul · PMID 40589154 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Altitude training effects on erythropoietin and erythrocyte parameters in swimmers with different altitude training experience.
Lin WW, Wang Y, Cai L … +1 more , Chen HJ
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40586763 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: No studies have investigated the adaptability of altitude training in swimmers with different levels of altitude training experience. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of varying altitude train...
BACKGROUND: No studies have investigated the adaptability of altitude training in swimmers with different levels of altitude training experience. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of varying altitude training experience in swimmers by examining changes in erythropoietin (EPO) and erythrocyte parameters over a 31-day altitude training period. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptive effects of altitude training and the internal mechanisms underlying changes in functional state. METHODS: Sixteen swimmers were divided into two groups based on their altitude training experience: MATE and LATE. All participants underwent altitude training at the Kunming Haigeng Physical Training Base in China. Venous blood samples were collected in the morning on days 3, 10, 17, 24, and 31 of the training programs to measure levels of EPO, hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell count (RBC), and other physiological indicators. RESULTS: For the MATE group, significant differences in EPO levels were observed on days 17 and 31 compared to days 3 and 10. Additionally, day 31 showed significant differences in EPO levels compared to days 17 and 24. Significant changes in RBC levels were noted on days 17 and 24 compared to day 10. Significant differences were also found in the levels of RETp, RETc, and IRF on days 10, 17 and 24 compared to day 3, and on days 24 and 31 compared to day 17. For the LATE group, EPO levels on day 31 showed significant differences compared to all previous days. RBC levels on day 10 were significantly different from day 3. Significant differences in RETp, RETc, and IRF levels were observed on days 10 and 31 compared to day 3, and on days 24 and 31 compared to day 10. CONCLUSIONS: Swimmers with more altitude training experiences exhibit better adaptability than those with less experiences. HGB levels are maintained at high levels that indicate an enhanced blood oxygen-carrying capacity, enabling swimmers to efficiently adjust to variations in oxygen partial pressure within a hypoxic environment.
Reference intervals for lipid biomarkers in youth athletes.
Klyuchnikov SO, Grishina ZV, Yashin TA … +6 more , Feshchenko VS, Zholinsky AV, Bushueva IE, Lomazova EV, Bazanovich SA, Barshak SI
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40586762 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: It is known that lipid profile is influenced by physical exercise. In addition, adolescent athletes undergo significant hormonal changes that also affect their lipid profile. In our study, we used a sample of...
BACKGROUND: It is known that lipid profile is influenced by physical exercise. In addition, adolescent athletes undergo significant hormonal changes that also affect their lipid profile. In our study, we used a sample of elite athletes under 18 years old (2281 f, 2986 m) from different sports disciplines to calculate reference intervals (RI) for lipid metabolism indicators. METHODS: The reference intervals for lipid metabolism markers, namely total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein fractions, were calculated using non-parametric statistical methods based on the results of blood tests obtained during regular in-depth medical examinations that Russian athletes undergo twice a year. RESULTS: The reference intervals for lipid biomarkers in underage athletes differ from both pediatric and general adult population values. The most notable differences were found in HDL and TG levels. In particular, the upper limits of HDL both in young athletes and ordinary children were higher than those in the general adult population by 23.6% in boys and 43.6% in girls; the lower limits of TG RI in young athletes of both sexes were almost 2 times lower (48%) than in ordinary children, but higher than the adult values. CONCLUSIONS: Intense physical exercise has a significant impact on the lipid metabolism in elite athletes. Reference intervals obtained from a sample of youth elite athletes differ from both pediatric and the adult population values. The use of reference intervals of lipid metabolism indices obtained in our study (or in similar future studies) could improve health status assessment and help identify minor health conditions in young elite athletes.
Effects of swimming fatigue on neuromuscular parameters in young swimmers with unilateral shoulder pain.
Martini M, Cargnel A, Raffini A … +7 more , Mazzari L, Ajcevic M, Accardo A, Canton G, Deodato M, Buoite Stella A, Murena L
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40560750 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the effects of fatigue on isometric strength and surface electromyography (sEMG) in swimmers with unilateral shoulder pain compared to healthy controls. ME...
BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the effects of fatigue on isometric strength and surface electromyography (sEMG) in swimmers with unilateral shoulder pain compared to healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty front-crawl swimmers participated in the present study and were grouped according to the presence (PAIN, N.=10, 3 females, 23±3 years) or absence (controls, N.=10, 4 females, 22±5 years) of unilateral shoulder pain, based on subjective reporting and physiotherapy evaluation. Before and after swimming fatigue training, the sEMG signals were recorded during a functional upper-limb task and a strike task and were normalized according to their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC), and an isometric strength assessment was performed for the shoulder. RESULTS: A significant interaction effect time × group was found during the functional task in the sternocleidomastoid (m.SCM) muscle (P=0.014, pη=0.294) and pectoralis major (m.PM) muscle (P=0.027, pη=0.243), whereas during the strike task, only the serratus anterior (m.SA) muscle was characterized by a significant interaction (P=0.006, pη=0.346). In particular, in the PAIN group, fatigue reduced m.PM activation by 0.8% MVIC (Cohen's d=0.440) and increased m.SCM activation by 0.7% MVIC (Cohen's d=0.633), as well as increased m.SA activation by 24.2% MVIC (Cohen's d=1.356), whereas in controls m.SCM decreased by 0.6% MVIC (Cohen's d=0.485). Finally, the PAIN group was characterized by lower IR strength than controls after the training by 0.127 N/kg (Cohen's d=0.988). CONCLUSIONS: Pain and fatigue can affect muscle strength and sEMG activity in swimmers with unilateral shoulder pain. These findings could provide novel insights into the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying unilateral shoulder pain in swimmers, supporting the development of new training and treatment strategies.
Epidemiology of weightlifting injuries in the pediatric population: 20-year assessment of nationwide emergency department visit data.
Maroun R, Daher M, Boufadel P … +4 more , Covarrubias O, Casey JC, Lopez R, Abboud JA
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40560749 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Weight-lifting among the pediatric population has surged during the last two decades motivated by the new evidence-based positive health effects. The increasing popularity of this activity has increased the n...
BACKGROUND: Weight-lifting among the pediatric population has surged during the last two decades motivated by the new evidence-based positive health effects. The increasing popularity of this activity has increased the number of emergency department (ED) presentations. Therefore, we sought to analyze the epidemiology of weightlifting-associated upper (UE) and lower extremity (LE) injuries in the pediatric population. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for the years 2003 to 2022. All UE and LE injuries presenting to the ED directly stemming from weightlifting activity were selected after careful narrative inclusion and exclusion. RESULTS: Weight-lifting injuries increased significantly from 2003 to 2022 in UE from 3527 to 5540 and in LE from 750 to 1853; there was a prominent dip during the COVID-19 pandemic years, from 4126 to 3479, and from 1789 to 1625, respectively (P<0.001). Numbers also increased in sports centers from 0.6% of injuries to 3.7% in UE and from 0.4% to 3.2% in LE (P<0.001), while decreasing in schools from 2.6% to 1.5% in UE and from 2.2% to 0.6% in LE (P<0.001). The majority of the pediatric population sustaining weight-lifting injuries were males, 85.1% in UE, and 77.5% in LE. Strains and sprains were the most common injuries, representing 46.4% of UE injuries and 40.6% in LE. The knee was the most commonly injured body part in LE accounting for 38% of total injuries and the shoulder in UE accounting for 33.4% of total injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that UE and LE weight-lifting injuries among children and adolescents have increased in the past two decades. Injuries increased mostly in unsupervised settings like sports centers while decreasing in regulated milieus. They predominantly affected males and involved sprains, strains, and knee or shoulder injuries. This underlines the need for more research establishing guidelines for weight-lifting activities for children.
Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic power reserves to prescribe cycling interval training sessions.
DI Gennaro S, Filipas L, Panascì M … +5 more , Gallo G, Meloni A, Codella R, Ruggeri P, Faelli E
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40525689 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Prescribing interval training intensity can be challenging due to individual variations in physiological capacity. Traditional methods often rely on maximal aerobic power (MAP), but this may not fully capture...
BACKGROUND: Prescribing interval training intensity can be challenging due to individual variations in physiological capacity. Traditional methods often rely on maximal aerobic power (MAP), but this may not fully capture the characteristics of different athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether alternative methods, such as anaerobic power reserve (APR) and glycolytic power reserve (GPR), could provide more individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescriptions. METHODS: Twelve trained cyclists completed a cardiopulmonary test and Wingate test to determine MAP, APR, and GPR (mean power output during the Wingate test minus MAP). Subsequently, participants performed in a randomized order, three HIIT until-exhaustion sessions with 60-s of work and 60-s of active rest, based on APR (HIIT<inf>APR</inf>: MAP+10% APR), GPR (HIIT<inf>GPR</inf>: MAP+20%GPR) and MAP (HIIT<inf>MAP</inf>: 120%MAP), respectively. Inter-individual variability in time to exhaustion, heart rate, oxygen uptake, and lactate was calculated as the root mean square of residuals and as coefficients of variation (CV). RESULTS: Although no significant differences in inter-individual variability were observed across the three prescription methods for any of the physiological and perceptual variables (P>0.2), HIIT<inf>MAP</inf> leads to lower inter-individual variability in time to exhaustion (CV=21%) compared to HIIT<inf>APR</inf> (CV=35%) and HIIT<inf>GPR</inf> (CV=45%). CONCLUSIONS: HIIT based on APR and GPR does not reduce inter-individual variability in physiological responses and tolerance compared with MAP-based prescription. This suggests that both APR and GPR fail to accurately differentiate between the aerobic and anaerobic characteristics of an athlete, hindering the normalization of exercise responses during HIIT.
Recovery state, perceived training load and mood states during a 7-week competitive training period in judo athletes.
Panascì M, Apollaro G, Ouergui I … +5 more , Franchini E, Bonato M, Piacentini MF, Ruggeri P, Faelli E
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40525688 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effects of training period on subjective measures and to investigate the relationship between these measures during a 7-week competitive training period in highly trained judo...
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effects of training period on subjective measures and to investigate the relationship between these measures during a 7-week competitive training period in highly trained judo athletes. METHODS: Fourteen athletes (mean ± standard deviation, age: 22±3 years) took part in 5 training sessions per week, each lasting 90 minutes, and as the weeks of training progressed, the time spent performing randori (judo-specific training exercise) increased. Before each session, perceived recovery was assessed by the total quality recovery (TQR). After each session, athletes indicated their perceived exertion by the CR-10 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Mood states were assessed on the last day of each week by the Profile of Mood States (POMS). RESULTS: TQR in weeks 1 and 2 was higher than that in weeks 3 (P<0.001 and P=0.034, respectively), 5 (P=0.008 and P=0.028, respectively) and 6 (P<0.001). TQR in weeks 3 (P=0.015), 5 (P=0.019), and 6 (P=0.002) significantly reduced than in week 7. RPE in weeks 4 significantly decreased than in week 6 (P=0.009). Significant relationships between TQR and RPE were found in weeks 3 (r=-0.75; P=0.002), 5 (r=-0.94; P<0.001), and 6 (r=-0.66; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The change in randori time influenced psychological perception, with a greater effect on RPE and TQR. Coaches should monitor regularly these variables and should pay special attention to this training exercise modality in order to adjust the internal training load response desired for a specific moment of the training process.
Diagnostic performance of exercise testing in master population according to cardiovascular risk: a study of 857 Spanish athletes.
Fabregat-Andrés Ó, Ferrer-Sargues FJ, Coret-Moya A … +7 more , Jacas-Osborn V, Vallejo-García V, León-Del Pino MDC, DE Hevia-Benlliure M, Ferrando-Beltrán M, Valverde-Navarro AA, Gimeno-Valtueña N
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40503821 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular screening including exercise testing (ET) is a recognized tool, especially in high cardiovascular risk individuals, recommendations for master athletes over 35 years are still limited,...
BACKGROUND: Although cardiovascular screening including exercise testing (ET) is a recognized tool, especially in high cardiovascular risk individuals, recommendations for master athletes over 35 years are still limited, and its predictive ability for detecting ischemic disease may be poor. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 857 asymptomatic master athletes (mean age 46.2±7.4 years), with regular engagement in moderate to high intensity physical exercise and at least a submaximal exercise test result reaching 85% of the predicted maximum heart rate. Only 36 athletes (4% of the total) matched the conditions to be included in the high cardiovascular risk group. RESULTS: When analyzing exercise test results, only 35 athletes reached an abnormal result, which represents about 4% of the total: 10 individuals due to suspected ischemia, 18 due to abnormal tension response, and 7 for arrhythmic events. No differences were found according cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample of asymptomatic master athletes from a Mediterranean area, the rate of abnormal ET is very low and is apparently not related with cardiovascular risk.
Intraindividual correlation and comparison of maximal aerobic capacity and physical performance in hand-crank and treadmill spiroergometry.
Schnadthorst PG, Grunwald M, Schulze C
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40476779 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the relationship between hand-crank and treadmill spiroergometry in associated parameters. METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers completed two exhausting p...
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the relationship between hand-crank and treadmill spiroergometry in associated parameters. METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers completed two exhausting performance diagnostics on both ergometers. RESULTS: The maximum HR<inf>max</inf>, VO<inf>2</inf>peak and ventilatory thresholds were significant higher on the treadmill ergometer (P<0.001). The metabolic thresholds occurred at higher lactate values on hand-crank ergometer. Equations for calculating VO<inf>2</inf>peak from the maximum power on hand-crank and for the maximum speed on treadmill ergometer could be found via regression analysis. Severe physiological differences between upper and lower muscle groups make it difficult to compare the performance parameters on hand-crank and treadmill ergometer. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated equations can be used to give a first impression of how performance parameters should be evaluated in this case. The results quantify the relationship between two well established ergometry methods in endurance assessment during rehabilitation. Patients with non-persistent limitations of the lower extremities can be advised to start endurance training on the hand-crank ergometer. As soon as possible the training method can be switched to the treadmill and individual results can be assessed and compared. This could lead to an improvement in training concepts for rehabilitation of patients as well as top-athletes.
Complex network applied to athletes and moderately active subjects' of both sexes in 30-second all-out test.
Rizatto GF, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Dos Reis IG … +6 more , Messias LH, Sousa FAB, Scariot PP, Polisel EE, Cirino C, Gobatto CA
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40464541 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Complex network analysis (CNA) has been widely used to identify the most influential parameters in athletic performance. Therefore, the 30-second all-out running test (AO30) on a non-motorized treadmill (NMT)...
BACKGROUND: Complex network analysis (CNA) has been widely used to identify the most influential parameters in athletic performance. Therefore, the 30-second all-out running test (AO30) on a non-motorized treadmill (NMT) is the most used protocol in this type of analysis. However, fitness level and subject's sex may influence which parameters are most decisive in the result of this test. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the performance parameters most associated with AO30 in subjects of different conditioning levels and sex. METHODS: Data from 72 participants (36 men and 36 women; age: 21±5 years, body mass: 73.22±12.26 kg; height: 1.79±0.1 m); classified as moderately active and basketball athletes were accessed. Mechanical (force, power, velocity and their respective fatigue indexes), anthropometric (body mass, height and BMI) and physiological parameters (blood lactate concentration and estimation of lactic anaerobic energy contribution) data obtained were analyzed. In sequence, the centrality metrics degree, betweenness, eigenvector and PageRank calculations for scenarios moderately active men (M<inf>MA</inf>), men basketball athletes (M<inf>PA</inf>), moderately active women (W<inf>MA</inf>) and women basketball athletes (W<inf>PA</inf>) were made. RESULTS: There was a great influence of mean power for M<inf>MA</inf> and W<inf>PA</inf>. On the other hand, W<inf>MA</inf> a presented blood lactate relative to body mass as the most influential variable and M<inf>PA</inf> obtained body mass, maximum power and mean force as the most prestigious variables in the CNA. CONCLUSIONS: Sex and conditioning level can influence the most important parameters in the AO30 in NMT.
Possible citation error in "Incidence of injuries and associated risk factors in a sample of Italian recreational padel players".
Donassollo Piva A, Bertol Graeff D
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40434008 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Evaluation of the effects of a technical sock on sleep dynamics.
Bertuccioli A, Belli A, Zonzini GB … +8 more , Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, DI Pierro F, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Matera MR, Cavecchia I, Palazzi CM
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40396615 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study explores the impact of technical socks designed to improve sleep quality by retaining warmth in the feet. Sleep is critical for physical and mental health, and non-pharmacological interventions suc...
BACKGROUND: This study explores the impact of technical socks designed to improve sleep quality by retaining warmth in the feet. Sleep is critical for physical and mental health, and non-pharmacological interventions such as maintaining an optimal sleep environment or using stimuli like foot warming can potentially enhance sleep. The socks aim to reduce sleep onset latency and improve sleep dynamics by maintaining foot warmth throughout the night. METHODS: The study involved 30 participants, selected because they wanted to improve their sleep quality, monitored over a two-week period. Participants wore the technical socks during sleep, and sleep quality was assessed using both subjective measures (the Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and objective parameters such as total sleep time, sleep phases, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Differences between pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using paired t-tests. RESULTS: The study found significant improvements in sleep quality, including a reduction in ISI scores from 10.4±4.3 to 5.7±4.4 (P<0.01), suggesting a decrease in insomnia severity. Slow-wave sleep (SWS), crucial for recovery, increased significantly (P=0.03). Other sleep measures such as REM sleep and total sleep time showed minor, non-significant improvements. No significant changes were observed in heart rate or respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that wearing technical socks during sleep may help reduce insomnia severity and increase slow-wave sleep. Although further research with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up is needed, the intervention appears to be a promising, non-invasive method for improving sleep quality.
A comparative study of match load between tennis players with high and intermediate ITN performance levels.
Wang Q, Zong S, Bao D … +1 more , Cui Y
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40396614 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Advancements in player tracking technology have significantly enhanced the monitoring of tennis in real-match conditions. This study aims to compare the differences in physical performance and match load of t...
BACKGROUND: Advancements in player tracking technology have significantly enhanced the monitoring of tennis in real-match conditions. This study aims to compare the differences in physical performance and match load of tennis players at different levels during matches using wearable devices. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to monitor match load and physiological parameters in tennis players of varying performance levels via smart wearable devices. Participants were divided into high- and intermediate-performance groups based on the International Tennis Number (ITN). Key metrics such as acceleration, deceleration, movement speed, player load, and change-of-direction frequency were recorded. Independent sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated to compare the groups. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the high-performance group had substantially higher duration in the 0-60% HRmax range (P<0.05, ES: 1.57). The intermediate group demonstrated greater values in physical performance metrics (P<0.05, ES: 0.22-1.00) and displayed greater numbers and distances in acceleration/deceleration (P<0.05, ES: 0.59-1.12). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the high-performance group prioritizes strategic resource utilization over physical exertion. The study highlights notable differences in physical performance and match load among tennis players of varying levels, underscoring the value of automatic tracking technology in enhancing players training and performance capabilities.
Acute effects of dance exergame and traditional continuous physical exercise on state anxiety of young adults exposed to unpleasant stimuli: a within-group randomized controlled trial.
Silva WF, Viana RB, Costa TG … +4 more , Morais NS, Andrade MS, Vancini RL, DE Lira CA
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40338530 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Single-arm studies identified dance exergames as an effective tool to improve state anxiety levels in young women. However, little is known when considering a non-exercise control group and its comparative ef...
BACKGROUND: Single-arm studies identified dance exergames as an effective tool to improve state anxiety levels in young women. However, little is known when considering a non-exercise control group and its comparative effects with traditional continuous physical exercise. This study aimed to compare state anxiety levels after a single exergame intervention with those after traditional continuous physical exercise and non-exercise in young women following exposure to unpleasant stimuli. METHODS: We included 32 young healthy women (23.0±4.7 years). A within-group randomized controlled trial design was used to compare the acute effects of 48 minutes of a dance exergame versus a traditional continuous physical exercise and a control session on state anxiety. Before each session, the participants were exposed to a set of unpleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System for 30 minutes to experimentally induce increased state anxiety. We evaluated state anxiety levels before, after, and after the sessions by using the State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: No significant interaction was found between session and time, as well as no main session effect on state anxiety levels. However, a significant main time effect was observed on the participant's state anxiety levels. The participants' state anxiety levels before International Affective Picture System were significantly lower than those after International Affective Picture System. CONCLUSIONS: Although dance exergame and traditional continuous physical exercise could reduce state anxiety post-International Affective Picture System exposure, this improvement was not superior to that in the non-exercise control condition.
Coronary artery calcium in athletes: friend or foe?
Svensson J, Fridolfsson J, Börjesson M
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Jul · PMID 40266058 · Publisher ↗
Regular physical activity and high cardiorespiratory fitness protect against cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and all-cause mortality in the general population. Paradoxically, recent evidence indica...
Regular physical activity and high cardiorespiratory fitness protect against cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality and all-cause mortality in the general population. Paradoxically, recent evidence indicates that high volumes of aerobic physical activity are associated with an increased prevalence and progression of coronary artery calcium and coronary plaques in males. This review aims to synthesize current evidence concerning the relationship between aerobic physical activity and the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Evidence indicates that engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, exceeding approximately five hours or 2000 Metabolic Equivalent of Task-mins per week, is associated with increased prevalence and progression of coronary artery calcium and coronary plaques in males. This relationship appears intensity-dependent, with higher-intensity physical activity linked to greater progression of coronary artery calcium and coronary plaques. However, females seem to be less susceptible to physical activity-associated coronary atherosclerosis. Recent findings challenge the hypothesis that increased coronary artery calcification in athletes represents plaque stabilization. Athletes with elevated coronary artery calcium levels show an increased risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality compared to those without coronary artery calcium. However, their typically higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity, partially mitigate this risk, particularly for all-cause mortality. For optimal cardiovascular health, evidence supports maintaining physical activity volumes aligned with World Health Organization guidelines and emphasizing moderate-intensity activity (in relative terms), as this pattern appears to protect against coronary atherosclerosis development and is associated with reduced coronary artery calcium progression and lower prevalence of mixed plaques in males.
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