Reproduction, Fertility, And Development[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Functional mimicry of uterine tissue using endometrial organoids in rats.
Kwon DH, Lee JH, Kim HK … +4 more , Choi BY, Shim D, Kim J, Jang G
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Nov · PMID 41193227 · Publisher ↗
CONTEXT: Endometrial organoids (EOs) have gained attention as a promising in vitro model for investigating uterine physiology, reproductive disorders, and embryo-maternal interactions, providing an alternative to in vivo...
CONTEXT: Endometrial organoids (EOs) have gained attention as a promising in vitro model for investigating uterine physiology, reproductive disorders, and embryo-maternal interactions, providing an alternative to in vivo studies while minimizing ethical concerns. Despite their increasing use across species, a well-characterized rat EO model is limited. AIMS: We established and validated a rat EO platform that recapitulates the structural and functional characteristics of the native endometrium. METHODS: We established and validated a rat EO platform that recapitulates the structural and functional characteristics of the native endometrium. Organoids were generated from epithelial-rich stem-cell populations isolated from adult female rats and cultured in 3D Matrigel. EO formation efficiency was assessed in relation to plasma progesterone concentration, and organoids were evaluated for long-term viability, cryopreservation tolerance, and morphological consistency over serial passages. Functional relevance was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and RNA sequencing of sex steroid hormone receptors (progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor α) and CD34. GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)-labeled EOs were transplanted into the uterine lumen of wild-type rats to evaluate engraftment and persistence. RESULTS: Rat EOs displayed morphological and molecular characteristics comparable to native uterine tissue, maintaining viability and integrity over multiple passages and after cryopreservation. Immunohistochemical analyses using epithelial (E-cadherin), stromal (Vimentin), and proliferative (Ki-67) markers confirmed the presence of multiple cell types resembling those in native uterine tissue. Formation efficiency positively correlated with circulating progesterone concentrations. Gene expression confirmed key endometrial markers, including hormone receptors and stromal-associated genes. GFP-expressing EOs successfully engrafted into wild-type uterine lumens and persisted long term, demonstrating functional and structural compatibility with the in vivo uterine environment. CONCLUSION: The rat EO model developed here provides a physiologically relevant platform for studying endometrial biology, enabling research on reproductive mechanisms and disease modeling. Its ability to mimic and engraft in the uterine environment suggests applications in regenerative medicine and therapeutic transplantation. IMPLICATIONS: This rat EO model provides a physiologically relevant platform for studying uterine biology and reproductive mechanisms without extensive animal use. Its ability to mimic and engraft in the uterine environment supports potential applications in disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.
Optimizing gene expression analysis under hypoxia: identification and validation of novel reference genes in steroidogenic tissues and cell lines.
Smith OE, Berto Gomes LA, Kowalewski MP
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Nov · PMID 41139610 · Publisher ↗
CONTEXT: Signaling pathways that regulate steroidogenesis are known to be modulated by varying oxygen levels. Thus, appropriate internal controls unaffected by hypoxia are essential for accurate assessement of oxygen-dep...
CONTEXT: Signaling pathways that regulate steroidogenesis are known to be modulated by varying oxygen levels. Thus, appropriate internal controls unaffected by hypoxia are essential for accurate assessement of oxygen-dependent regulatory mechanisms in steroidogenic cells. AIMS: To identify and validate novel reference genes (RG) for use in hypoxia-related studies with mouse steroidogenic cell lines. METHODS: RNA-sequencing datasets from mouse steroidogenic cell lines (MA-10, MLTC-1, KK-1 and Y-1) cultured under varying oxygen levels were used to identify potential RGs, applying different assessment tools to evaluate their stability in mouse steroidogenic tissues and cell lines. Top-ranked RGs were evaluated in the normalization of selected target genes. KEY RESULTS: Five potential RGs (Ap3d1, Cap1, Med15, Prpf8 and Sec62) and two commonly used RGs (Actb and Gapdh) were evaluated. Ap3d1, Med15 and Sec62 were identified as optimal RGs for normalizing target gene expression in steroidogenic cell lines. Well-established factors affected by hypoxia (Vegfa and Slc2a1) and steroidogenesis (Star) were normalized with the novel suggested RGs, and resulted in more reliable expression patterns in steroidogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show there is no benchmark RG that can be widely used for gene expression normalization in hypoxia experiments with different steroidogenic samples and recommend Ap3d1, Med15 and Sec62 for steroidogenic cell lines. IMPLICATIONS: This study underscores the importance of carefully selecting stable RGs for accurate gene expression analysis in hypoxia-related steroidogenesis research. It provides a set of RGs to be used in studies aimed at understanding how oxygen availability influences hormone production.
Comparative reproductive biology, advances in reproductive health, and cultivating inclusion in the scientific community: highlights from the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Society for Reproductive Biology.
Chan HY, Alesi LR, Dinh DT … +7 more , Foyle KL, Hofstee P, Hutchison JC, Stables J, Trigg NA, Wooldridge AL, Houston BJ
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Nov · PMID 41135576 · Publisher ↗
In 2024, the reproductive biology research community in Australia and New Zealand reunited in Adelaide for the Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) Annual Meeting. The conference showcased major advances made in key ar...
In 2024, the reproductive biology research community in Australia and New Zealand reunited in Adelaide for the Society for Reproductive Biology (SRB) Annual Meeting. The conference showcased major advances made in key areas of reproductive biology, with symposia dedicated to five key themes: (1) exploring comparative reproductive biology across species; (2) the multifaceted impact of climate change on reproduction; (3) innovations in drug development and repurposing for reproductive health; (4) revolutionising fertility and assisted reproductive technologies; and (5) cultivating inclusion in the scientific community. This review summarises these symposia and discusses the relevant emerging research questions and the future research directions. Main advances from each theme include: (1) the utility of non-traditional model organisms and archival samples in research; (2) the importance of further understanding the effects of heat stress on male and female fertility during pregnancy in humans and broader species; (3) collaboration between researchers, industry and policymakers to overcome barriers in contraceptive development; (4) ensuring robust and ethical use of artificial intelligence for clinical and fundamental research; and (5) the significance of maintaining diversity and inclusion in science to promote discoveries and ensure health data is available for diverse population groups.
Data-driven biomarker discovery and risk profiling for polycystic ovary syndrome in Indian women using ensemble learning.
Verma P, Agarwal R, Sharma LK … +1 more , Sindwani N
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Oct · PMID 41134103 · Publisher ↗
CONTEXT: Despite diagnostic advancements in India, the scarcity of Indian polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) data and varied diagnostic standards contribute to delays in PCOS detection, particularly in rural areas. AIMS: W...
CONTEXT: Despite diagnostic advancements in India, the scarcity of Indian polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) data and varied diagnostic standards contribute to delays in PCOS detection, particularly in rural areas. AIMS: We aim to build a predictive model based on an extensive dataset derived from Indian studies and perform risk-based stratification of samples. METHODS: The PubMed database was queried for studies focused on the pathophysiology of PCOS in Indian women. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were selected. Corresponding clinical data was statistically synthesised based on study-specific baseline characteristics. The integrated dataset consisted of 11,258 samples (nPCOS = 7342; nControl = 3916) with 14 attributes: disease (PCOS vs control), age, body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density and low-density lipoproteins, LH, FSH, testosterone, menarche age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and yearly menstrual cycles. After data pre-processing, missing values imputation, and feature engineering, model benchmarking was conducted using LazyPredict. LightGBM was selected for further hyperparameter tuning based on performance metrics. Lastly, feature importance analysis was performed, and predictive probabilities were utilised to categorise samples into different risk categories. KEY RESULTS: The optimised LightGBM model achieved 96.18% accuracy, 97.51% precision, 96.65% recall, and 99.31% receiver operating characteristic area under curve (ROC-AUC) score. Further, testosterone, menstrual cycles per year, triglycerides, LH, and diastolic blood pressure were the top five key attributes in PCOS. Risk categorisation of samples demonstrated substantial alignment with real diagnoses, validating the model's clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces the first comprehensively synthesised PCOS dataset for Indian women. IMPLICATIONS: Our framework facilitates prompt risk detection, providing an adaptable methodology for decision-making in PCOS management.
Combined effects of the Booroola, Vacaria and Embrapa mutations on ovulation rate in a sheep flock with unique genetic background.
de Souza CJH, Benavides MV, Moraes JCF
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Oct · PMID 41134102 · Publisher ↗
CONTEXT: Improve lamb meat production in southern Brazil using genotype-assisted selection to enhance prolificacy. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the combined presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the BMP1R (Boo...
CONTEXT: Improve lamb meat production in southern Brazil using genotype-assisted selection to enhance prolificacy. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the combined presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the BMP1R (Booroola) and GDF9 (Vacaria, Embrapa) genes on ovulation rate. METHODS: Ewes were genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique. Ovulation rate was assessed via laparoscopy following estrus synchronization with intravaginal progesterone sponges. KEY RESULTS: The presence of the Vacaria (FecGV), Embrapa (FecGE), and Booroola (FecBB) alleles in different possible combinations adds between two and three ovulations in the corresponding genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of the FecGE, FecGV, and FecBB alleles on ovulation rate are additive and should be utilized individually or in pairs with the FecGE, avoiding excessive prolificacy when all three alleles are present in the same ewes. IMPLICATIONS: Genotype-assisted selection enables the development of genetically distinct lines tailored for different production systems based on desired levels of prolificacy. This strategy can be integrated with the selection of other major genes affecting productive traits, such as increased carcass yield and spontaneous wool shedding.
Reconstruction of endometrial histoarchitecture and receptivity genes in Asherman's syndrome patients using a 3D acellular amnion bilayer scaffold seeded with endometrial cells.
Wiweko B, Sandora N, Raden M … +10 more , Harzif AK, Kusuma TR, Fitria NA, Karimah B, Maidarti M, Sumapraja K, Pratama G, Priangga MD, Law NK, Hestiantoro A
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977230 · Publisher ↗
Context Thin endometrium with Asherman's syndrome is a challenge in in vitro fertilisation, as patients cannot conceive even if the embryo is well. Aims This study aimed to regenerate thin endometria unresponsive to trea...
Context Thin endometrium with Asherman's syndrome is a challenge in in vitro fertilisation, as patients cannot conceive even if the embryo is well. Aims This study aimed to regenerate thin endometria unresponsive to treatments, using autologous endometrial cells and acellular amnion bilayer as a womb patch. Methods This preliminary quasi-experimental study investigated thin endometria before and after intervention with an amnion bilayer (AB) and AB with self-endometrial cells (AB+Cells). Patients were IVF candidates with oligomenorrhea, endometrial thickness (EMT) Key results Average EMT increased significantly from 5.03±0.95mm to 6.75±1.39mm after AB, and further to 7.33±1.92mm after AB+Cells. Cell density was significantly higher after AB+Cells. The histoarchitecture after AB+Cells developed into a complex tubular system, and E-cadherin and oestrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) was detected. Homeobox A10 (HOXA10 ) expression increased significantly, up to 4.5-fold after AB+Cells treatment compared with before treatment (P =0.01), while leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF ) and osteopontin (SPP1 ) levels also increased, but not significantly. Significant changes in gene expression and cell populations were observed, with improvements in receptivity genes. Conclusions Patients with thin endometria showed improvement in EMT, histoarchitecture, and receptivity genes after AB and AB+Cells intervention. Implications The study demonstrates the potential of using a 3D amnion bilayer scaffold with endometrial cells to improve endometrial regeneration.
Expression of irisin in the porcine pituitary gland during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy: the role of GnRH, gonadotropins, and insulin.
Zarzecka B, Dobrzyn K, Kiezun M … +6 more , Kopij G, Dawid M, Rak A, Dall'Aglio C, Kaminski T, Smolinska N
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977228 · Publisher ↗
Context Metabolic status significantly affects female reproductive function, with both excess and deficiency of body fat negatively affecting fertility. Irisin, a hormone secreted by muscle and fat tissue, is linked to m...
Context Metabolic status significantly affects female reproductive function, with both excess and deficiency of body fat negatively affecting fertility. Irisin, a hormone secreted by muscle and fat tissue, is linked to metabolism and reproduction, but its role in the pituitary gland remains unclear. Aims This study investigated the expression of irisin and its receptor (integrin αV/β5) in the anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) lobes of the porcine pituitary during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. We hypothesised that they are localised in specific pituitary cell types and that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and insulin modulate irisin expression and secretion by AP cells. Methods The expression of irisin and integrin αV/β5 was analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to determine colocalisation with pituitary hormones. AP cells were cultured in vitro and treated with GnRH, LH, FSH, or insulin to assess their effects on irisin protein concentrations and secretion. Key results Irisin and its receptor were expressed in both AP and PP lobes and colocalised with all major trophic cell types. Their expression varied depending on the reproductive stage. GnRH, LH, FSH, and insulin inhibited irisin secretion by AP cells during the luteal phase, whereas only insulin had an effect during the follicular phase. Conclusions Irisin and its receptor are expressed in a hormone-dependent manner and localise to specific pituitary cell types, suggesting intra-pituitary regulatory roles. Implications These findings indicated that irisin may act as a local modulator of pituitary function and reproductive hormone regulation, linking metabolic and reproductive health.
Comprehensive proteomic characterization and functional annotation of common carp seminal plasma.
Majewska AM, Kodzik N, Dietrich MA … +1 more , Ciereszko A
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977221 · Publisher ↗
Context Understanding the protein composition of seminal plasma is crucial for elucidating reproductive mechanisms and improving aquaculture practices. Proteomic studies provide insights into the biological functions of...
Context Understanding the protein composition of seminal plasma is crucial for elucidating reproductive mechanisms and improving aquaculture practices. Proteomic studies provide insights into the biological functions of seminal plasma in fish, yet comprehensive datasets for carp remain limited. Aims This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the proteome of carp seminal plasma, classify identified proteins on the basis of their cellular localization, and explore their functional roles in reproductive and physiological processes. Methods Using high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis and updated Cyprinus carpio genome annotation, we identified and classified proteins on the basis of homology to human genes and fish-specific annotations. Bioinformatic tools were employed to analyze their functions and involvement in key biological pathways. Key results In total, 1402 proteins were identified, the highest number being reported for this species. Of the 1354 proteins homologous to human genes, 141 were secretory, 92 were both secretory and intracellular, and 1121 were intracellular. Additionally, 49 proteins were fish-specific, involved in immune response, detoxification, cold protection, and proteolytic defence. Bioinformatic analyses indicated roles in immune and stress responses, extracellular matrix organization, metabolism, and gene expression. The presence of extracellular vesicles was supported by the identification of 636 associated proteins. Reproductive-related proteins were linked to gamete generation, spermatogenesis, and sperm motility. Conclusions This dataset represents the most comprehensive proteomic profile of carp seminal plasma, offering new insights into its biological functions. Implications The findings enhance our understanding of carp reproductive biology and have potential applications in aquaculture, including sperm preservation, fertilization success, and disease resistance.
Intermittent fasting restores fertility dysfunction caused by a high-fat diet in male rats: role of SIRT-1/NRF2/P38 MAPK/NLRP3.
Hemead DA, El-Malkey NF, Aref M … +9 more , Mahran NA, ElSheikh E, Nassan MA, Gadelmawla MHA, Salem GA, Ahmed AFA, El-Sayed SM, Elsheikh EH, Hendy NI
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977219 · Publisher ↗
Context Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary approach against obesity; however, investigations on its role in male fertility showed contradictory results. Aims As nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/mito...
Context Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary approach against obesity; however, investigations on its role in male fertility showed contradictory results. Aims As nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (MAPK)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathways regulate inflammation and pyrotosis, this study aimed to elucidate whether these pathways are involved in the underlying molecular mechanisms and to investigate the prophylactic effects of IF on male reproduction dysfunction in obese rats. Methods Twenty-four adult rats were divided as follows: Control lean (CL), control positive (CP), which were fed standard diet for four non-consecutive days/week, with alternate fasting on the other 3days (24h fasting), high-fat diet group (HFD), and the HFD-fasting group (HFD-IF), which was fed a HFD, followed by fasting protocol as in CP group. Serum testosterone, inflammatory markers, semen analysis, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Also, testicular and epididymal histological study, immunohistochemical analysis of NLRP3 and NRF2 and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for mRNA expression of SIRT1, NRF2, p38AMPK and NLRP3 were performed. Key results Combining IF with HFD limited rats' testicular spermatic and steroidogenesis impairment, histopathological alterations, by upregulating SIRT1/NRF2 and downregulating p38 MAPK/NLRP3 signaling pathways versus the HFD group. In the HFD-IF group, oxidative and inflammatory markers had a significant decrease versus in the HFD group. Conclusions IF has a beneficial effect on male reproductive health and emphasizes the significance of customized dietary strategies for addressing male fertility issues. Implications Further investigation is required to clarify more prophylactic mechanisms of IF.
β-NGF and its receptors are present in ram sperm cells, but β-NGF was undetectable in seminal plasma.
Meilán J, Carrasco R, Ratto M … +1 more , Ungerfeld R
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40977218 · Publisher ↗
Context In males, the nerve growth factor β (β-NGF), along with its receptors TrkA and p75, is closely related to semen traits and quality in certain species. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed...
Context In males, the nerve growth factor β (β-NGF), along with its receptors TrkA and p75, is closely related to semen traits and quality in certain species. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed either the existence of this neurotrophin and its receptors on ram sperm cells or the relationship between β-NGF and semen traits. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the expression of β-NGF and its receptors in spermatozoa and to relate the concentration of β-NGF in seminal plasma to sperm morphology and quality in rams. Methods The expression of β-NGF and its receptors in sperm cells was performed using immunofluorescence, and the concentration of β-NGF in semen was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Key results β-NGF, TrkA and p75 were detected in the spermatozoa of the ram; however, β-NGF was not detectable in the seminal plasma. Conclusions This study provides evidence, for the first time, of the presence of β-NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75, in spermatozoa of rams. However, it was undetectable in seminal plasma collected during the transition from the breeding to the non-breeding season. Detecting and quantifying β-NGF in ram seminal plasma presents several challenges, primarily due to its low concentrations and the techniques employed. Implications These findings indicate that rams, among the males, have β-NGF and its receptors present in sperm cells, making them another candidate species to expand our knowledge of this important protein in mammalian reproduction.
Molecular dynamics simulations of cytochrome P450 aromatases reveal structural variances across the cat family.
Marolikar RR, O'Leary PD, Panwar AS … +1 more , Martin LL
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977217 · Publisher ↗
Context Aromatase (CYP19A1) is a key enzyme in steroidogenesis, converting androgens to oestrogens, essential for reproductive function in vertebrates. While human aromatase has been extensively studied, comparative anal...
Context Aromatase (CYP19A1) is a key enzyme in steroidogenesis, converting androgens to oestrogens, essential for reproductive function in vertebrates. While human aromatase has been extensively studied, comparative analyses in mammals, particularly felids, remain limited. Aims This study investigates the structural and functional dynamics of aromatase in various cat species, including the extinct Homotherium latidens and extant species such as Panthera tigris , Puma concolor , Acinonyx jubatus , and Felis catus . The goal is to assess evolutionary differences affecting dimerisation and enzymatic activity. Methods Homology models of feline aromatase were built using the human aromatase crystal structure as a template. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted in both solvent and membrane environments to evaluate dimer stability, electrostatic interactions, and haem cofactor retention. Key results Sequence analysis showed over 99% conservation within felids and ~86% identity with human aromatase, with 69 key residue differences. MD simulations revealed that substitutions at the dimerisation interface weakened electrostatic interactions, reducing dimer stability in felids compared to humans. Membrane embedding improved stability, particularly in human aromatase, due to strong hydrogen-bonding interactions. Conclusions Evolutionary divergence has altered dimerisation stability in feline aromatases, potentially influencing enzymatic function. Reduced dimer formation may impact substrate binding and catalytic efficiency. Implications These findings provide insights into aromatase evolution and function, offering a foundation for future research into species-specific steroid biosynthesis and potential drug design strategies.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel mutation in the gene causing acephalic spermatozoa syndrome.
Hosseini SH, Salehisedeh N, Allahgholi M … +3 more , Ahani A, Sadighi Gilani MA, Sabbaghian M
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40977202 · Publisher ↗
Context Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) is one of the most severe male spermatogenic disorders, featuring a large number of headless spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Although genetic factors play an important role in s...
Context Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) is one of the most severe male spermatogenic disorders, featuring a large number of headless spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Although genetic factors play an important role in spermatogenesis, only a few genes are correlated with sperm defects and male infertility. Studies have revealed that genetic mutations are the main causes of ASS. Therefore, finding new genes that lead to ASS is significant in choosing the correct treatment methods and genetic counseling for these patients.p Aims This study aimed to identify the genetic causes of ASS in two infertile brothers whose parents are first cousins. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using peripheral blood genomic DNA. PCR reactions, Sanger sequencing, and immunocytochemistry were performed to confirm the results of WES. Key results We identified a novel homozygous mutation in the SUN5 gene (NM_080675: exon11: c.879dupc: p.k), and Sanger sequencing confirmed our finding. There was no signal of SUN5-antibody in the protein assessment of the spermatozoa from our patient. We conducted two intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) cycles for the proband, however, the treatment did not result in his partner achieving pregnancy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the novel mutation of the SUN5 gene is responsible for ASS. Implications These results highlight the diagnostic value of identifying SUN5 mutations in in patients with ASS. The current findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of ASS and can inform future clinical decisions as more data become available.
Technical report on preservation of dromedary camel embryos at 4°C for up to 72 h in catalase-supplemented media.
Skidmore JA, Mulligan BP, Vaughan JL
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40977201 · Publisher ↗
Context Catalase, an antioxidant, prolonged camel sperm survival during storage at 5°C; however, its effect on storage of camel embryos at 4°C is unknown. Aims This study aims to evaluate the possibility of improving pre...
Context Catalase, an antioxidant, prolonged camel sperm survival during storage at 5°C; however, its effect on storage of camel embryos at 4°C is unknown. Aims This study aims to evaluate the possibility of improving pregnancy rates for embryos stored at 4°C for 24-72h in catalase-supplemented media. Methods Embryos recovered from camels flushed 8days after mating were deposited in Eppendorf tubes containing embryo holding media, either supplemented with 500 IU catalase (Group 1) or without supplementation (Group 2). These Eppendorf tubes were placed in an Equitainer and cooled to 4°C. After 24h, 11 embryos in each group were transferred into recipients 7days after gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection, and the remainder was placed in the fridge at 4°C for a further 24 (n =11/group) or 48h (n =11/group) before transfer. Key results A non-significant increase in pregnancy rate was achieved from embryos cooled in media containing catalase compared with the controls at 24 and 48h, although there was no difference at 72h (9/11 (82%) vs 5/11 (45%), 7/11 (64%) vs 2/11 (18%) and 2/11 (18%) vs 2/11 (18%), for with catalase vs controls at 24, 48 or 72h respectively). Conclusions These results showed that there was a tendency for improved pregnancy rates at 24 (82% vs 45%) and 48h (64% vs 18%) of cooling in catalase-supplemented media compared with controls. This improvement was not evident at 72h. Implications The ability to keep embryos at 4°C for 24-48h reduces the need for such tight synchronization between donors and recipients.
Markers for early pregnancy prediction in Zebu cows subjected to timed artificial insemination.
Silva MAA, Menezes AA, de Araujo EAB … +4 more , Lima MCC, Bittencourt RF, Loiola MVG, Ribeiro Filho AL
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40977200 · Publisher ↗
Context To increase the number of cows pregnant in the early breeding season, strategies have been developed that seek to reduce the interval for pregnancy diagnosis. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate markers fo...
Context To increase the number of cows pregnant in the early breeding season, strategies have been developed that seek to reduce the interval for pregnancy diagnosis. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate markers for the early detection of pregnancy in Zebu cows. Methods A total of 175 Zebu cows were assessed at the time of insemination for the follicle diameter (FOLD), follicular wall area (FOLA) and follicle blood flow (FOLV). Twenty days after fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI), the corpus luteum was evaluated for diameter (CLD), area (CLA), vascularized area (CLV), and percentage of vascularization (%CLV). Blood samples were also collected to measure progesterone levels 20 days after insemination (P4D20). On the basis of FOLD, FOLV, CLD, CLV, and P4D20 as potential early pregnancy markers, the animals were categorized into two groups: negative predictive diagnosis of pregnancy (NPD) and positive predictive diagnosis (PPD). A definitive pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30days post-TAI. Key results Pregnant cows exhibited higher FOLD, FOLA, FOLV, CLD, CLA, CLV, %CLV, and P4D20 levels compared to non-pregnant cows. Significant correlations were found between FOLD and FOLA, FOLV, percentage of follicular vascularization (FOLV%), CLD, CLA, CLV, %CLV, and P4D20. FOLA was also significantly correlated with FOLV, CLD, CLA, CLV, %CLV, and P4D20. Similarly, FOLV was significantly correlated with FOLV%, CLD, CLA, CLV, %CLV, and P4D20. CLD correlated significantly with CLA, CLV, %CLV, and P4D20, while CLV showed significant correlations with %CLV and P4D20. Conclusions The follicular and luteal morphofunctional characteristics are intricately linked to pregnancy establishment. Implications The CLV emerged as a promising marker for achieving earlier pregnancy diagnoses.
Modelling menstruation in the common mouse: a narrative review.
Rogers LM, Lash GE, Anderson GM … +1 more , Girling JE
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Aug · PMID 40977194 · Publisher ↗
Despite occurring in up to 50% of the human population, menstruation is a fundamentally understudied process with limited treatment options when menstrual pathologies arise. Reasons for this deficit include the inherent...
Despite occurring in up to 50% of the human population, menstruation is a fundamentally understudied process with limited treatment options when menstrual pathologies arise. Reasons for this deficit include the inherent ethical and technical constraints associated with researching menstruation. The multifactorial nature of many menstrual-related pathologies means in vivo research is necessary; however, this type of research is difficult in humans, and non-human species that menstruate naturally are often not suitable as research models. Consequently, most menstrual research relies on an artificially induced menstrual-like process in the non-menstruating laboratory mouse. This review investigates mouse models of menstruation and how specific technical variables are used to produce or modulate a menstrual-like process. The review describes two key categories of models, those that are ovariectomy-based versus those that are pseudopregnancy-based. The menstrual-like process occurring in these models varied slightly;the underlying reason for the variation is likely to be the method of progesterone withdrawal. Models that withdrew progesterone specifically had a far less rapid endometrial breakdown in comparison to those that withdrew all ovarian input. These outcomes suggest that a loss of ovarian factors other than progesterone is likely impacting the breakdown process. The review highlights the gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of endometrial breakdown and repair in these proxies for menstruation and the subsequent impacts on any conclusions drawn from these models.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and induces sperm apoptosis in infertile men.
Sahnoun S, Sellami A, Menif H … +4 more , Louati N, Daoud S, Sellami H, Lassoued S
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40977189 · Publisher ↗
Context Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacteria membrane, is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of male reproductive system infections. Aims This study aims to elucidate the LPS effect on...
Context Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacteria membrane, is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of male reproductive system infections. Aims This study aims to elucidate the LPS effect on sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis in human sperms. Methods Our experimental study was conducted on 34 sperm samples from male partners of infertile couples divided into fertile group (n =8) and infertile group (n =26). For each sample, two sperm suspensions were prepared, namely, a control suspension (non-treated with LPS) and an LPS-treated suspension (200ng/mL). The two suspensions were incubated for 18h at room temperature. Sperm motility was evaluated by microscopic observation, whereas sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry after JC-10 and 7-AAD staining. Key results In fertile group, no significant differences in sperm motility, sperm ΔΨm and apoptotic sperm rates were detected after incubation with LPS. However, in infertile group, the LPS reduced sperm motility significantly and induced significant decrease in the rates of sperm with high ΔΨm. Furthermore, a significant decrease in viable sperm rates was detected concomitantly with a significant increase of apoptotic sperm rates. Conclusions This study showed that LPS may impair sperm mitochondrial membrane potential and lead to the activation of some pathways responsible for sperm apoptosis in infertile men. Implications This study has contributed to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying sperm disorders induced by bacterial endotoxins, in particular LPS, especially in infertile men.
Transcription factor-mediated gene regulatory networks in the formation of oocytes.
Wu D, Liang Z, Li Z … +4 more , Zhang B, Li Q, Shi K, Fang S
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jul · PMID 40638792 · Publisher ↗
Context The induction of oocytes from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro provides a promising tool for the treatment of female infertility. Various molecules are involved in this complex process, which requires further...
Context The induction of oocytes from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro provides a promising tool for the treatment of female infertility. Various molecules are involved in this complex process, which requires further elucidation. Aims This study aims to screen for factors that induce the differentiation of ESCs into oocytes in vitro by constructing transcription factor (TF)-mediated gene regulatory networks (GRNs) during the formation of oocytes. Methods Based on publicly available multi-omics data, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method identified oocyte-specific TFs and key oocyte-specific genes. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing data and ChIP-qPCR analysis were used to examine GRNs mediated by oocyte-specific TFs. Key results First, by analyzing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) and DNase I hypersensitive site sequencing (DNase-seq) data from human and mouse ESCs, primordial germ cells (PGCs), and oocytes, we identified five and three oocyte-specific TFs, respectively. RNA sequencing and WGCNA further revealed 38 key oocyte-specific genes. Subsequently, when comparing cell-specific TFs in mouse and human oocytes, we identified three overlapping oocyte-specific TFs (NFYA, NFYB, and NFYC). Notably, NFYA exhibited significantly elevated expression levels in oocytes compared to ESCs and PGCs. Additionally, ChIP-qPCR results demonstrated that NFYA was relatively enriched at the promoter region of the key oocyte-specific gene, m6 A demethylase Alkbh5 . Conclusions This study provides preliminary insights into the role of cell-specific TFs and TF-mediated GRNs in oocyte formation by identifying oocyte-specific genes and key oocyte-specific TFs. Implications The findings indicate that their intricate regulatory mechanisms may significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of differentiating ESCs into oocytes.
Ovarian culture with mouse serum improves follicle development compared with fetal bovine serum, showing the importance of as yet unidentified factors in follicle growth.
Kuscu N, Abdul Kader S, Stephens ER … +5 more , Adeniran BV, Ammar OF, Harrison AS, Lo BK, Williams SA
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jun · PMID 40577554 · Publisher ↗
Context For survivors of childhood blood cancer, fertility preservation through ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and reimplantation is not recommended because of the risk of reintroducing malignant cells. Since a ro...
Context For survivors of childhood blood cancer, fertility preservation through ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and reimplantation is not recommended because of the risk of reintroducing malignant cells. Since a robust in vitro ovarian tissue culture system does not exist for humans, new approaches are needed. Aims To investigate new approaches to in vitro follicle growth, our aim was to determine whether mouse serum (MS) could support follicle development better in mouse ovaries in vitro compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS). Methods Neonatal ovaries were cultured for 14days in either MS or FBS. Follicle development and health were assessed by histological and molecular analyses. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and laminin were analysed using immunohistochemistry. Key results MS supported the development of primordial follicles to preantral follicles, whereas those in FBS did not develop beyond primary. Ovaries cultured in MS had fewer atretic follicles than those in FBS. There were more AMH-positive follicles in MS-cultured than in FBS-cultured ovaries, more primary follicles that were AMH-positive and, AMH-positive primary follicles contained more AMH-positive granulosa cells than those cultured in FBS. Finally, ovaries cultured in either MS or FBS contained laminin; however, the follicle basal lamina (FBL) in MS ovaries were more defined. Conclusions MS better supported follicle development, health, and function than did BS, indicating that MS contains additional factors important for follicle development in mice. Implications These findings demonstrated that as-yet-unknown factors exist that are important for in vitro follicle development, and we need to define them, and explore the role of these molecules in human studies.
Maintenance of developmental competence in feline oocytes following 24 h of meiotic arrest with physiological agents.
Sandmaier SES, Herrick JR
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jun · PMID 40526808 · Publisher ↗
Context In vitro matured (IVM) feline oocytes exhibit reduced developmental competence compared to in vivo matured oocytes. Aims Arresting meiosis prior to IVM (pre-IVM) has been shown to improve oocyte quality in other...
Context In vitro matured (IVM) feline oocytes exhibit reduced developmental competence compared to in vivo matured oocytes. Aims Arresting meiosis prior to IVM (pre-IVM) has been shown to improve oocyte quality in other species. Methods Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from domestic cats were matured in vitro immediately after collection or following 24h of pre-IVM. Following IVF, embryonic development was evaluated. Key results Embryonic cleavage, development to blastocyst, and hatching were not different (P >0.05) for oocytes subjected to meiotic arrest compared to control oocytes. Gene expression of pluripotency markers and blastocyst cell numbers were also unchanged by the various pre-IVM supplements. Conclusions It is possible to maintain feline oocytes in culture for up to 24h without compromising developmental competence. Implications Further manipulation of the culture environment during this period of meiotic arrest could be a novel means of improving the quality of feline oocytes.
Hormonal and cytomorphological influences on the primary and secondary sex ratio in mammals.
Martins-Bessa A, Haig L, Macaulay AD … +3 more , Chen W, Askar S, Bartlewski PM
Reprod Fertil Dev · 2025 Jun · PMID 40493757 · Publisher ↗
The main purpose of this review article was to examine the existing and potential ways to predict and manipulate the sex of mammalian offspring using hormonal cues and treatments. We focused on the theories and research...
The main purpose of this review article was to examine the existing and potential ways to predict and manipulate the sex of mammalian offspring using hormonal cues and treatments. We focused on the theories and research surrounding the potential endocrine and paracrine determinants of primary and secondary sex ratios in mammals; the primary sex ratio refers to sex distribution after fertilization and the secondary sex ratio refers to offspring sex. Several structural and functional differences between Y and X spermatozoa can impinge on their migration and fertilizing ability in different hormonal milieux. A variety of hormonal cues, including those acting on gamete formation, transport, and sperm-oocyte interactions, can also affect the primary sex ratio. Secondary sex ratios may be altered during the entire period leading up to birth by pre-implantation and post-implantation factors. Hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone/gonadotropins, exert an effect on offspring sex ratios, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo studies. The application of exogenous hormones at specific times during the female reproductive cycle/early gestation or during normal sperm production/storage in males to manipulate sex ratios would be more sustainable than currently used sex selection methods. However, hormonal interventions are still less efficacious and predictable than using sex sorted semen or prenatal diagnostics preceding embryo transfers or elective abortions.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe