Case Reports In Radiology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Postpartum Retroperitoneal Fibrosis With IVC Obstruction: A Case Report.
Basiimwa RC, Bugeza S, Nassanga R … +1 more , Dunn DP
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42389120 · Full text
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare fibroinflammatory condition producing inflammatory masses in the retroperitoneum that can obstruct retroperitoneal structures, including vessels and ureters. RPF typically present...
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare fibroinflammatory condition producing inflammatory masses in the retroperitoneum that can obstruct retroperitoneal structures, including vessels and ureters. RPF typically presents in middle-aged men and may be associated with IgG-4-related disease (IgG-4 RD). This report describes a 34-year-old woman who presented 6 months postpartum with left leg swelling and lower abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a homogenous retroperitoneal soft-tissue mass encasing the aorta and iliac arteries, with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction and collateral venous return through extensive pelvic varices. MRI findings included hypointensity on T2-weighted imaging and restricted diffusion. Management with thrombolytics and steroids resulted in recanalization of the IVC, though persistent hydronephrosis required nephrostomy and further urological intervention. The presentation of RPF in a young woman is unusual, and we theorize that immune system reactivation following the relative immunosuppression during pregnancy may have precipitated the condition. The case illustrates one of several immunologic factors associated with RPF.
Recurrent PRES in a Patient With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome.
Mahmood A, Mao A, Tuna IS
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42369578 · Full text
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder defined by recurrent, stereotyped episodes of severe nausea and vomiting separated by symptom-free intervals, and it is frequently accompanied by a...
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder defined by recurrent, stereotyped episodes of severe nausea and vomiting separated by symptom-free intervals, and it is frequently accompanied by autonomic dysregulation and, in some patients, hypertension. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic syndrome commonly linked to acute hypertension and characterized by vasogenic edema on neuroimaging. We describe a 16-year-old female with a long-standing, criteria-based diagnosis of CVS and chronic, recurrent hypertension who developed MRI-confirmed PRES during a period of sustained postoperative hypertension. She had a prior MRI-confirmed episode of PRES in 2012, with documented radiologic reversibility on follow-up imaging. Neuroimaging during the index admission demonstrated vasogenic edema in the parieto-occipital lobes and cerebellar vermis. Secondary causes of hypertension, including pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, thyroid disease, renal and renovascular disease, and Cushing syndrome, were systematically excluded, and the episode was considered most likely related to her hypertension. We discuss CVS-related autonomic dysregulation as a possible contributor, while recognizing hypertension as the immediate driver of PRES in this case. Prompt antihypertensive therapy and seizure prophylaxis were followed by clinical and radiologic improvement. This case highlights the value of recognizing recurrent hypertensive PRES in adolescents with CVS and of carefully excluding alternative etiologies.
Diffuse Intraductal Breast Papillomatosis in a 34-Year-Old Female With Maffucci Syndrome: A Case Report.
Sakarcan E, Fulton J
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42339487 · Full text
PURPOSE: This report aims to raise clinical awareness of a rare case of Maffucci syndrome in a 34-year-old female presenting with diffuse intraductal breast papillomatosis. It further explores a possible hypothesis-gener...
PURPOSE: This report aims to raise clinical awareness of a rare case of Maffucci syndrome in a 34-year-old female presenting with diffuse intraductal breast papillomatosis. It further explores a possible hypothesis-generating pathogenic association between Maffucci syndrome and a specific subtype of papillary breast neoplasia in the context of shared molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. INTRODUCTION: Maffucci syndrome is a rare, congenital, nonhereditary disorder characterized by enchondromas, hemangiomas, and skeletal deformities, typically presenting in early childhood. Since its initial description in 1881, fewer than 300 cases have been reported, with an estimated prevalence of < 1 in 27 million. Somatic mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are key drivers of Maffucci syndrome and are also implicated in malignancies such as gliomas, chondrosarcomas, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. Most relevant to this case, tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP)-a rare subtype of papillary breast carcinoma-is characteristically associated with hotspot IDH2 R172 mutations, a molecular feature otherwise uncommon in both breast carcinomas and Maffucci syndrome. Only one documented case of an IDH1-mutated solid papillary carcinoma with reversed polarity (SPCRP) exists in the current literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient is a 34-year-old female with Maffucci syndrome, diagnosed in childhood via clinical and radiographic evaluation, with a history of skeletal and vascular complications, including primary chondrosarcomas of the left scapula, right distal patella, and right proximal tibia. She initially presented in 2016 with left-sided hemorrhagic nipple discharge, prompting serial imaging and biopsies that identified recurrent intraductal papillary lesions, consistently benign on core needle biopsy and surgical excision. A right-sided lesion was excised in 2022, followed by two left-sided lesions resected in 2023 and 2024. Mammography in November 2024 revealed three nodular lesions in the left lateral breast, characterized as complex cystic masses, with core needle biopsy confirming benign intraductal papillomas without atypia. Although subsequent imaging demonstrated stability of these lesions on follow-up ultrasound in June 2025, the longitudinal course illustrates a recurrent pattern of intraductal papillary lesion development over time. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: This case raises the possibility of an association between Maffucci syndrome and recurrent papillary breast lesions. In the absence of molecular confirmation, this relationship remains speculative and should be regarded as hypothesis generating, underscoring the need for further investigation with genetic and immunohistochemical correlation rather than changes to established breast cancer screening guidelines.
Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy Caused by Insulinoma With Reversible High Signals in the White Matter on Diffusion-Weighted MRI: A Case Report.
Shiratori T, Osawa I, Watanabe W … +5 more , Nagawa K, Matsuura K, Kakemoto S, Higashi M, Kozawa E
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42294457 · Full text
Hypoglycemic encephalopathy can result in reversible, and sometimes irreversible, lesions within the brain that need prompt recognition and treatment. The disease is relatively uncommon, but radiologists must keep in min...
Hypoglycemic encephalopathy can result in reversible, and sometimes irreversible, lesions within the brain that need prompt recognition and treatment. The disease is relatively uncommon, but radiologists must keep in mind the rare radiologic findings of this disease. Although the most common cause is insulin, insulinoma is a rare etiology, and hypoglycemia is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy. A 66-year-old man presented with recurrent involuntary movements and impaired consciousness with neuropsychiatric symptoms without a history of antidiabetic therapy. Initial blood glucose was critically low at 29 mg/dL. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed reversible high signals in the white matter, involving the bilateral posterior limbs of the internal capsule, corona radiata, cerebral peduncle, and splenium of the corpus callosum. A fasting test and contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma. Intravenous glucose was administered immediately, resulting in rapid clinical improvement. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was subsequently performed. Clinical symptoms resolved completely within 1 day of glucose administration. Follow-up DWI performed 2 months after onset demonstrated complete resolution of all white matter hyperintensities without recurrence. The patient reported feeling well without recurrence of the symptoms. We report a case of hypoglycemic encephalopathy caused by insulinoma with reversible high signals in the white matter on DWI, presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms mimicking epilepsy. We also discuss findings of magnetic resonance imaging in hypoglycemic encephalopathy with emphasis on the time course of the findings.
Tibial Bone Transcortical Erosion Caused by a Posterior Tibial Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Rare Case Report.
Mehammed AH, Gebresilassie MY, Shobe SM … +4 more , Midekso HD, Abdulahi M, Gebre YG, Belachew B
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42273336 · Full text
Pseudoaneurysm is an abnormal outpouching from the arterial wall containing only the outermost adventitial layer. As compared with this, true aneurysms contain all three layers: intima, media, and adventitia. Pseudoaneur...
Pseudoaneurysm is an abnormal outpouching from the arterial wall containing only the outermost adventitial layer. As compared with this, true aneurysms contain all three layers: intima, media, and adventitia. Pseudoaneurysms are formed when blood traverses through the intima and media but is held by an adventitial layer. There are several etiologies for the formation of pseudoaneurysms, the most common one being posttraumatic laceration or dissection of the vessel wall. Postprocedural iatrogenic injury during surgery or biopsy is also another common cause for the development of pseudoaneurysms. Vasculitis, regional inflammatory conditions (like pancreatitis causing splenic pseudoaneurysm), and penetrating atheromatous ulcer are among the less common causes. Here, we present a case of a chronic posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm following a remote gunshot injury that resulted in extensive transcortical erosion with intraosseous extension and tibial bone transcortical erosion on a 33-year-old male patient with no known prior medical illness. Multimodal imaging including Doppler ultrasound, MRI (with contrast), and CT angiography established the diagnosis after an initial fine-needle aspiration (FNA) attempt led to significant hemorrhage. Only a few cases have been reported on pseudoaneurysms of this size and tibia bone erosion. To our knowledge, full tibial transcortical erosion caused by a chronic posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm has not been clearly documented in the literature. This case highlights the importance of early vascular imaging prior to biopsy of pulsatile or indeterminate soft tissue masses.
Vertebral Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Single-Vessel Posterior Circulation With Chronic Contralateral Occlusion and Recent Methamphetamine Use.
Reyes D, Gridley D
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42273335 · Full text
Bilateral vertebral artery disease presents a critical risk for posterior circulation stroke due to impaired collateral flow. This report details an adult presenting with acute neck pain and visual disturbances. Computed...
Bilateral vertebral artery disease presents a critical risk for posterior circulation stroke due to impaired collateral flow. This report details an adult presenting with acute neck pain and visual disturbances. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed left vertebral artery dissection at the C2 level with a 0.5 cm dissecting pseudoaneurysm and complete occlusion of the right vertebral artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated no acute infarction. Symptoms improved with conservative management, including antiplatelet therapy. The case highlights the importance of recognizing high-risk bilateral vertebral artery pathology, understanding its imaging features, and considering substance abuse as a risk factor for arterial dissection. This case is notable for V3 dissecting pseudoaneurysm in the only functional vertebral artery in the setting of chronic contralateral occlusion and recent methamphetamine use, successfully managed conservatively.
A Rare Case of Arytenoid Cartilage Neurofibroma Mimicking Laryngeal Carcinoma.
Aytaç A, Bulut M, Bulut D … +2 more , Keyik BY, Bülbül E
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42255198 · Full text
Neurofibroma is a benign tumor arising from neural crest-derived cells and is characterized by a nonencapsulated growth pattern that incorporates surrounding nerve fibers. Laryngeal involvement is rare, and arytenoid car...
Neurofibroma is a benign tumor arising from neural crest-derived cells and is characterized by a nonencapsulated growth pattern that incorporates surrounding nerve fibers. Laryngeal involvement is rare, and arytenoid cartilage localization is exceptionally uncommon. We present a 46-year-old woman with hoarseness and cough in whom flexible laryngoscopy demonstrated mucosal swelling over the right arytenoid cartilage. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 15 × 10 mm lesion that was isointense on T1-weighted images and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted images, with no diffusion restriction and heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of neurofibroma. The lesion was completely excised using a CO laser under microlaryngoscopic guidance. The patient's symptoms resolved postoperatively, and no recurrence was observed during follow-up. Although laryngeal neurofibromas lack specific radiological features, magnetic resonance imaging plays a key role in evaluating lesion extent and in supporting the differential diagnosis, particularly by demonstrating the absence of diffusion restriction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an arytenoid cartilage neurofibroma with subglottic extension. Histopathological evaluation remains essential for definitive diagnosis, whereas minimally invasive CO laser excision represents an effective treatment option for small and localized lesions.
Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Rare Case Report.
Al Jaafar M, Aljafr ANS
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42179472 · Full text
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare, complex syndrome characterized by abnormal fusion of cervical vertebrae. This case highlights the effectiveness of conservative management in KFS patients without neurological defic...
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare, complex syndrome characterized by abnormal fusion of cervical vertebrae. This case highlights the effectiveness of conservative management in KFS patients without neurological deficits. We reported the case of an 18-year-old Iraqi male presenting a short neck, low back hairline, winged right scapula, and scoliosis after physical examination and deformities of cervical spine fusion, kyphoscoliosis and Sprengel's deformity after imaging tests. Clinical and radiological diagnosis shows KFS. After conservative treatment-including a corrective collar, cervical traction (5 kg), and targeted physiotherapy for 12 months-significant reduction in neck pain and an increase in cervical range of motion were recognized. This case emphasizes the efficiency of conservative management in KFS patients classified as Samartzis Type II with no neurological disabilities.
Distinguishing Benign Notochordal Cell Tumors From Chordoma in a Patient With Multicentric Spinal Lesions.
Paradise EA, Schmidgall JA, Baskin DS … +3 more , Jackson RE, Teh BS, Fung SH
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42136746 · Full text
This case report details a 60-year-old man who presented with several spinal lesions after they were discovered incidentally during abdominal CT imaging. Lesions were observed in the cervical and thoracic spine and sacru...
This case report details a 60-year-old man who presented with several spinal lesions after they were discovered incidentally during abdominal CT imaging. Lesions were observed in the cervical and thoracic spine and sacrum (C2-C3, C3-C4, C5-C6, T3, T4, T8-T9, S2-S3, and S4 levels) with varying bone involvement, soft tissue extension, and appearance on CT and MRI. The dominant lytic T8-T9 lesion was biopsied, resulting in a diagnosis of chordoma, yet F-FDG PET/CT showed no significant FDG activity in this lesion or elsewhere. Other lesions were not biopsied, and all lesions were subsequently monitored with routine imaging. Over the next several years, the lesions continued to show long-term stability on MRI with no symptomatic progression. Due to their longstanding benign nature, the unbiopsied lesions were reevaluated as a more benign etiology, such as benign notochordal cell tumors (BNCTs), which are also derived from notochordal remnants and are hypothesized as a precursor lesion to chordomas, but differ in their clinical behavior, histopathological characteristics, and imaging features. Accurate differentiation between BNCTs and chordomas is imperative for guiding treatment strategies, especially in the very rare case of multiple confounding lesions, as seen in this patient. This report underscores the diagnostic challenges in differentiating BNCTs and chordomas and highlights the importance of correlating histopathological findings with clinical and imaging features for accurate interpretation and intervention.
Chronic Renal Disease Complicated by Diarrhea: A Case of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.
Chouksey U, Brar R
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42124904 · Full text
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a devastating entity resulting from the body's inability to accurately respond to a rapid rise in plasma tonicity. In this case report, we describe a 53-year-old female patient, a known...
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a devastating entity resulting from the body's inability to accurately respond to a rapid rise in plasma tonicity. In this case report, we describe a 53-year-old female patient, a known case of chronic renal failure with superimposed diarrhea developing weakness and confusion over the course of her stay. We aim to discuss and evaluate the role of imaging, specifically the pontine and extrapontine findings and their evolution during the progression and treatment of this condition.
A Case of Physiologic Enhancement of Scarpa's Ganglia Mimicking Bilateral Vestibular Schwannomas in a Patient With Atypical Meningioma With NF2 Mutation.
Paradise EA, Schmidgall JA, Dubey P … +4 more , Baskin DS, Teh BS, Tremont-Lukats IW, Fung SH
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42088105 · Full text
We followed a 36-year-old man with an atypical meningioma with somatic NF2 mutation and invasion into the bone, temporalis muscle, and pterygopalatine fossa, treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy...
We followed a 36-year-old man with an atypical meningioma with somatic NF2 mutation and invasion into the bone, temporalis muscle, and pterygopalatine fossa, treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. His medical history included medulloblastoma treated with resection and adjuvant radiation therapy and a WHO Grade 1 meningioma treated with gross total resection. A brain MRI during routine follow-up revealed small enhancing foci in both internal auditory canals (IACs), which prompted concern for bilateral vestibular schwannomas and suspect NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN). However, the lesions were symmetric, fundal, and nonnodular on high-resolution constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) imaging, with smooth vestibular nerve contours, long-term interval stability, and a lack of clinical symptoms, favoring physiologic enhancement of the vestibular ganglia (Scarpa's ganglia) rather than vestibular schwannomas. Recognition of these distinguishing features also helped avoid associating the IAC findings with the known NF2 mutation, which was determined to be somatic. While germline NF2 mutations (NF2-SWN) often lead to meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas, somatic NF2 mutations are common in sporadic meningiomas and should not suggest NF2-SWN. This case highlights the need to correlate small enhancing IAC foci with morphology on CISS MRI, symmetry, longitudinal stability, and NF2 pathology to avoid misdiagnosis of enhancing Scarpa's ganglia as vestibular schwannomas, as misdiagnosis can lead to increased patient anxiety and unnecessary follow-ups.
Isolated Lymphatic Injury Mimicking Bladder Rupture in a Young Male Following Blunt Trauma: A Case Report.
Gupta PK, Botterman E, Morgan S … +1 more , Gupta A
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42051581 · Full text
Blunt abdominal trauma can be difficult to evaluate, especially when an unusual injury mimics a far more common one. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who was struck in the abdomen by bicycle handlebars. His initial...
Blunt abdominal trauma can be difficult to evaluate, especially when an unusual injury mimics a far more common one. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who was struck in the abdomen by bicycle handlebars. His initial imaging suggested a possible bladder rupture because of the presence of both intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal fluid. A retrograde CT cystogram, however, ruled out any bladder injury. Because of his worsening condition, he underwent an urgent laparoscopy followed by exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a large volume of milky-white free fluid, suggestive of chyle, within the abdomen. Laboratory analysis of the aspirated fluid showed a high triglyceride level of 1,079 mg/dL, confirming the chylous nature of the fluid. There was an enlarged and engorged cisterna chyli in the retroperitoneum suggesting lymphatic injury. Treatment involved applying fibrin sealant in the region of the cisterna chyli, placing a peritoneal drain, and keeping a diet based on medium-chain triglycerides. The patient recovered well without any recurrence of chylous ascites. This case highlights the need to consider rare lymphatic injuries causing posttraumatic chylous ascites when evaluating blunt abdominal trauma with diffuse abdominal fluid collection, particularly when common injuries have been ruled out but the patient's clinical status continues to worsen.
Identification and Removal of a Fractured Portacath.
Johari A, Ding D, Jain D
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42006382 · Full text
A 31-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer was referred for chest radiography after portacath malfunction. Imaging identified an incomplete catheter fracture at the internal jugular vein that subsequently progress...
A 31-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer was referred for chest radiography after portacath malfunction. Imaging identified an incomplete catheter fracture at the internal jugular vein that subsequently progressed to complete fracture during removal. Lodged in the superior vena cava, the fractured fragment was retrieved using a loop snare via femoral vein access under fluoroscopic guidance. Postretrieval imaging confirmed no residual fragments, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. Though rare, portacath fractures have associated life-threatening complications such as vessel perforation, embolisation, cardiac tamponade and death. This case underscores the importance of early identification of portacath fractures and demonstrates interventional radiology techniques as a safe and precise method for their removal.
Caught Between the Brain and a Hard Place: A Case of a Cervicomedullary AVM.
Rumhumha A, Minty R, Lupuwana A … +3 more , Ranchod A, Nkosi W, Ramantsi M
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 42006381 · Full text
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon lesions that carry significant risk due to their proximity to the brainstem. We present the case of an 18-year-old female who suffered a sudden severe heada...
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon lesions that carry significant risk due to their proximity to the brainstem. We present the case of an 18-year-old female who suffered a sudden severe headache and was found to have a subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a cervicomedullary junction AVM of the juvenile Type IIa subtype. Multimodality imaging with noncontrast CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed a posterior fossa AVM centred at the cervicomedullary junction. The patient was managed conservatively with strict blood pressure control and analgesia; Gamma Knife radiosurgery was considered but deferred given the diffuse nidus and the lesion's location adjacent to the medulla. This case illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of posterior fossa AVMs in young patients and highlights the crucial role of multimodality imaging in guiding management decisions.
Transient Aortic Vasospasm Case Report-The "Triple Adrenal" Sign.
Katz A, DeMaio A, Frech P … +1 more , Dunn DP
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41982765 · Full text
Arterial vasospasm is a clinically significant entity that can lead to significant morbidity and, in some cases, even mortality. Although vasospasm most commonly occurs in coronary and cerebral arteries, it can occur in...
Arterial vasospasm is a clinically significant entity that can lead to significant morbidity and, in some cases, even mortality. Although vasospasm most commonly occurs in coronary and cerebral arteries, it can occur in any vessel, including the aorta. This case report describes a favorable clinical outcome following prompt recognition and management and introduces a memorable imaging sign-the "triple adrenal"-to aid identification. To reduce adverse outcomes, radiologists should be aware of aortic vasospasm and the agents and conditions that precipitate it. Given its rarity, aortic vasospasm may be challenging to diagnose. As with any ischemic event, reducing time to reperfusion is critical in preventing irreparable damage.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis With Atypical Neuroimaging: Hydrocephalus and Bilateral Chorioretinitis Without Intracranial Calcifications.
Dhakal S, Regmi PR, Dhakal P … +3 more , Adhikari B, Shingh SS, Paudel BS
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41947973 · Full text
We report a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis in a 2-month-old female infant from rural Nepal, born to a primigravida mother without prenatal care. The infant presented with progressive lethargy, feeding difficulties...
We report a rare case of congenital toxoplasmosis in a 2-month-old female infant from rural Nepal, born to a primigravida mother without prenatal care. The infant presented with progressive lethargy, feeding difficulties, intermittent fever, and progressive macrocephaly. Neuroimaging revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and multiple cerebral ring-enhancing lesions without intracranial calcifications. Ophthalmologic examination demonstrated bilateral chorioretinitis. Serologic testing confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis. Despite initiation of standard therapy with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid, the infant experienced clinical deterioration prior to planned neurosurgical intervention. This case highlights the clinical and radiologic variability of congenital toxoplasmosis, the diagnostic challenges in resource-limited settings, and the importance of recognizing atypical imaging patterns to guide timely management.
Subacute Combined Degeneration Secondary to Nitrous Oxide Toxicity.
Hanna G, Gavathas P, Hanna J … +1 more , Mousa M
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41816222 · Full text
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord is a neurological condition caused by vitamin B12 deficiency and is most associated with cases of malabsorption, nitrous oxide exposure, or pernicious anemia. The l...
Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord is a neurological condition caused by vitamin B12 deficiency and is most associated with cases of malabsorption, nitrous oxide exposure, or pernicious anemia. The lateral corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns are classically affected, leading to neurologic symptoms including gait disturbance, sensory deficits, and weakness. We report the case of a 35-year-old man who presented with paraesthesia and weakness of the upper and lower extremities bilaterally, along with urinary incontinence. Examination revealed a long segment of signal abnormality and enhancement involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord, predominantly along the bilateral dorsal column. Upon further investigation, the patient reported a chronic history of recreational nitrous oxide abuse resulting in vitamin B12 deficiency inevitably leading to the development of SCD of the spinal cord.
Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Agenesis in an Adult: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
J M, R AK
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41777723 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is a rare congenital anomaly that may remain undiagnosed until adulthood, when patients present with exertional dyspnoea, recurrent respiratory infections, hemoptys...
BACKGROUND: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is a rare congenital anomaly that may remain undiagnosed until adulthood, when patients present with exertional dyspnoea, recurrent respiratory infections, hemoptysis, or pulmonary hypertension. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old female presented with exertional dyspnoea and hypoxemia. Clinical evaluation and echocardiography revealed pulmonary arterial hypertension, cor pulmonale with preserved left ventricular systolic function. IMAGING FINDINGS: Chest radiography demonstrated cardiomegaly with prominent but otherwise normal hilar shadows. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed complete absence of the right pulmonary artery, with the right lung supplied by extensive systemic collaterals. Diffuse mosaic attenuation was noted, reflecting chronic hypoperfusion. MANAGEMENT: The patient was managed conservatively with oxygen therapy and pulmonary vasodilator therapy, including ambrisentan and tadalafil, resulting in clinical stabilization. CONCLUSION: Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis is a rare but important cause of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale in adults. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography plays a pivotal role in diagnosis by accurately delineating vascular anatomy and collateral circulation, enabling appropriate management and prevention of complications.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Two Renal Artery Variations in a Single Potential Kidney Donor.
Nyakubaho A, Henry S, Phiona S … +2 more , Micheal D, Kawooya MG
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41551248 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation success depends on precise preoperative vascular mapping. This case report documents a rare instance of simultaneous dual renal artery variations in a prospective kidney donor. PROCEDURE...
BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation success depends on precise preoperative vascular mapping. This case report documents a rare instance of simultaneous dual renal artery variations in a prospective kidney donor. PROCEDURE: A healthy 27-year-old male underwent MDCT renal angiography following standard protocols. The patient fasted for 8 h, received 80 mL of iohexol contrast at 1 mL/kg via a 20-gauge cannula, and was imaged using a 32-slice CT scanner. Scanning was performed from the descending aorta (just above the celiac trunk) to the iliac bifurcation using bolus tracking for optimal arterial enhancement. CT FINDINGS: The CT scan demonstrated complex renal vascular anatomy. The right kidney was supplied by a main renal artery along with two accessory arteries, one originating laterally at L1 and another from the anterior aortic wall at L2. The left kidney exhibited a main renal artery with a single accessory branch arising immediately above its origin. DISCUSSION: The embryological persistence of multiple aortic branches underlies these variations. Recognition of such anomalies is crucial as they may complicate donor nephrectomy through increased risk of intraoperative bleeding, complex vascular reconstructions, and compromised graft perfusion. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Routine use of high-resolution MDCT angiography is recommended for comprehensive donor evaluation. Enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration between radiologists and transplant surgeons is essential for tailoring surgical approaches and ensuring optimal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Detailed preoperative imaging is vital for identifying rare renal vascular anomalies, thereby optimizing surgical planning and promoting donor safety.
Lymphadenopathy in Concurrent Head and Neck Malignancies.
Fitzgerald T, Rigsby RK
Case Rep Radiol · 2026 · PMID 41551247 · Full text
Second primary malignancies in the head and neck are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and include mucosal epithelial, hematologic, and cutaneous malignancies. Much is known about the imaging features of metastati...
Second primary malignancies in the head and neck are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and include mucosal epithelial, hematologic, and cutaneous malignancies. Much is known about the imaging features of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy in a single disease process; however, information on the imaging evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in the setting of multiple concurrent primary cancers is limited. Cancer multiplicity can make imaging evaluation challenging, but accurate interpretation is vital to appropriate workup and treatment. Here, we present four cases of concurrent head and neck malignancies with cervical lymphadenopathy and guidance on how to approach them with attention to lymph node location and morphologic abnormalities.
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