Current Cardiology Reviews[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Trends in Readmissions Rates and Mortality after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.
Sheth AR, Patel HP, Pandya K … +6 more , Thakkar S, Prajapati K, Niar A, Labedi MR, DeSimone CV, Deshmukh A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 40033589 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Advances in cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIED) have significantly improved outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, there is a bereft of recent real- world data on the relative effectiven...
INTRODUCTION: Advances in cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIED) have significantly improved outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, there is a bereft of recent real- world data on the relative effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacing and defibrillator (CRT-D) and continuous resynchronization therapy with pacing (CRT-P) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We hypothesized that the addition of defibrillation therapy in patients with NICM would offer no significant benefit. METHODS: We searched the National Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2016-2020 to identify hospitalizations with NICM using appropriate ICD-10 diagnosis and procedure codes. The cohort was further divided into groups with NICM and CRT-D implantation and NICM with CRTP implantation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our final cohort included 8,801 hospitalizations with NICM and CRTD implantation and 3,399 hospitalizations with NICM and CRT-P implantation. Propensity matching was performed using comorbidities through multivariate logistic regression. Two thousand nine hundred seventeen hospitalizations were included in each of the two groups, CRT-D and CRT-P. Analysis of the propensity-matched cohorts at 180 days revealed a trend toward lower heart failure readmission, all-cause readmission, and all-cause mortality rates in the group with CRT-P implantation. However, there was no difference noted in the 180-day hazard ratios of HF readmission [1.08 (0.98-1.19); p = 0.1], all-cause readmission [1.04 (0.87- 1.12); p = 0.23], and all-cause mortality [0.83 (0.58-1.19); p = 0.32]. CONCLUSION: It was found that NICM patients with CRT-D have a trend towards higher HF readmissions, all-cause readmission, and all-cause mortality compared to those with CRT-P, but no significant difference was noted in hazard ratios. The findings of our study raise further questions about the need for defibrillator therapy in patients with NICM and merit further studies to better select candidates for each of these therapies.
Umbilical Cord Matrix (Wharton Jelly) Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Next-generation Myocardial Repair and Regeneration: Mechanisms and Pre-clinical Evidence.
Kwiecien E, Kot M, Czyz L … +7 more , Drabik L, Mazurek A, Sikorska M, Skubera M, Tekieli L, Majka M, Musialek P
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 40012283 · Full text
Chronic ischemic heart failure (CIHF), caused by myocardial injury and cell loss, is a growing public health concern. Despite substantial investments in pharmaco- and device therapies for acute myocardial infarction and...
Chronic ischemic heart failure (CIHF), caused by myocardial injury and cell loss, is a growing public health concern. Despite substantial investments in pharmaco- and device therapies for acute myocardial infarction and CIHF over the past decades, long-term prognosis has shown little improvement. There is a clear need to develop novel therapeutic strategies capable of attenuating progression from acute to chronic myocardial damage, reducing adverse myocardial remodeling, and enhancing myocardial contractility. Cell-based approaches are an important direction in basic and clinical research. Nevertheless, candidate cell types tested to-date in experimental and human studies show several fundamental limitations, including insufficient quantities and potency, poor myocardial uptake, immunogenicity and/or risk of tumorigenicity. Human umbilical cord matrix is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells, WJMSCs). WJMSCs are naturally low-immunogenic, demonstrate high plasticity and proliferation capacity, and exhibit an absence of tumorigenic potential. Moreover, by producing specific anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, they reduce the inflammatory response (hence their use in graft--host disease) and have pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic properties, making them a natural player in myocardial repair and regeneration. Furthermore, WJMSCs can be expanded with high genomic stability and full clonogenic potential and can be standardized as an "off-the-shelf" next-generation advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP). This review aggregates essential, contemporary information on the properties and fundamental mechanisms of WJMSCs addressing the process of infarct healing and chronic myocardial injury. It discusses outcomes from pre-clinical studies, demonstrating improvements in myocardial function and reductions in fibrosis in animal models, paving the way for human ATMP trials.
Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure.
Habeeb HA, Todd F, Valsalan R … +4 more , Schembri E, Noyhar JK, Yip G, Anpalahan M
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39966366 · Full text
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Outcomes of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or in samples with mixed heart failure subtypes are variably described. Hence, we investigated the p...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Outcomes of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or in samples with mixed heart failure subtypes are variably described. Hence, we investigated the prevalence and adverse outcomes of ID in a sample of mixed heart failure subtypes. METHODS: Adult patients admitted with HF over a six-month period were retrospectively studied. ID was defined as serum ferritin<100 mcg/L, or serum ferritin 100-300 mcg/L with serum transferrin saturation<20%. For each case of ID, sex- and age-matched (within five years) controls were selected. The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause mortality or readmissions up to 12 months post-index admission. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 245 patients admitted with HF [HFpEF: 83 (70.3%), HFrEF: 35 (29.6%)], 233 met the inclusion criteria. Iron studies were available for 131 patients and 59 (45%) had ID. ID had a significant univariate association with the primary outcome (OR: 3.80, 95% CI: 1.42-10.18, P=0.008), and it remained significant after controlling for age, anaemia, comorbidities, and frailty (OR: 6.04, 95% CI: 1.18-30.85, P=0.031). ID also had a significant independent association with readmissions (OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 1.15-18.43, P=0.03), but not with mortality (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.67-4.35, P=0.257). In post-hoc analysis, ID exhibited a significant association with primary outcome in patients with HFrEF (OR: 14.12, 95% CI: 1.7- 117.33, P=0.014), but not in patients with HFpEF (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 0.71-4.58, P=0.214). CONCLUSION: ID is common in patients hospitalised for heart failure and has been found to have a significant association with the composite primary outcome, largely due to its effect on readmissions. ID may have a differential effect on adverse outcomes with respect to heart failure subtypes.
The Role of Red Blood Cells in Cholesterol Accumulation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability: A Perspective on Atherosclerosis.
Mohebbati R, Momeni-Moghaddam MA
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39950471 · Full text
Atherosclerosis stands as the primary cause of CVD, characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol deposits within macrophages in medium and large arteries. This deposition promotes the proliferation of specific cell t...
Atherosclerosis stands as the primary cause of CVD, characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol deposits within macrophages in medium and large arteries. This deposition promotes the proliferation of specific cell types within the arterial wall, gradually narrowing the vessel lumen and impeding blood flow. Intra-plaque hemorrhages are recognized as critical events in atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the deposition of red blood cells (RBCs) and the release of hemoglobin (Hb). Approximately 40% of high-risk plaques exhibit intra-plaque hemorrhage. Recent studies have demonstrated that intra-plaque hemorrhage is closely linked to plaque progression and increased vulnerability, establishing it as a critical factor in the development of acute clinical symptoms associated with atherosclerosis. The presence of RBC membranes within atherosclerotic plaques contributes significantly to lipid accumulation, indicating a pivotal role in plaque instability. Upon RBC degradation, cholesterol from both the membrane and its interior can profoundly impact atherosclerotic plaque development. Considering that red blood cells (RBCs) can contribute to the excretion of cholesterol through the hepatobiliary system alongside HDL, and given that elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, RBCs may play a protective role in cardiovascular health. However, when bleeding occurs within a plaque, RBCs that are trapped in the plaque environment, an environment rich in oxidant compounds, can rupture. The cholesterol released from these ruptured RBCs can significantly promote inflammatory reactions. This study aims to explore the inconsistent role of RBCs and their cholesterol content in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.
The Impact of Novel Lipid-Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ray R, Mahmood A, Chaudhry R … +4 more , Masmoum MD, Talha M, Siddiqui FI, Ullah I
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39950470 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the aim of lipid-lowering therapy (ASCVD). It is commonly acknowledged that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cause of ASCVD. Several on...
INTRODUCTION: Reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the aim of lipid-lowering therapy (ASCVD). It is commonly acknowledged that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cause of ASCVD. Several online databases and search engines, such as Pub- Med and the Cochrane Library, were used to conduct a thorough search. METHODS: This study included RCTs assessing the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on cardiovascular events. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. This analysis included nine RCTs in total. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides were reduced after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors, and HDL levels were increased, which is good cholesterol. Most adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reduced after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ezetimibe, a PCSK9 inhibitor added to statin therapy, further reduces MACE risk without affecting all-cause mortality, even though statins already significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality.
Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Kamel M, Hussain F, Leung C … +8 more , Paracha A, Sathe P, Jassal A, Huba M, Durrani U, Ammari N, Copeland-Halperin RS, Seetharamu N
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39950469 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition characterized by aseptic vegetations of the heart valves, predisposing to valvular dysfunction and end-organ infarction. Lung Cancer (LC) is...
INTRODUCTION: Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition characterized by aseptic vegetations of the heart valves, predisposing to valvular dysfunction and end-organ infarction. Lung Cancer (LC) is amongst the most common malignancies associated with NBTE. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE was searched from database inception until January 2024, pairing Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) and related terms with "Lung Cancer (LC)". Reports were included if patients had both NBTE and lung cancer. The risk of bias was assessed using Mixed Methods Analysis Testing (MMAT). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 32 patients with an average age of 59y +/- 11.6 were included from 31 peer-reviewed publications, with significant findings as below: • The majority (47%) of patients were admitted with stroke. • The most commonly affected valve was aortic (51%), followed by mitral (43%), and tricuspid (5%). • At diagnosis of NBTE, 86% of patients had stage IV cancer. • Multi-organ infarct was common (61%), with the brain most often affected (40%). • Treatment of NBTE included antibiotics (86%), anticoagulation (50%), and cardiac surgery (6%). • Treatment of LC included traditional chemotherapy (30.7%), radiation (16%), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (11.5%), lobectomy (6%), and immunotherapy (3.8%). • Overall mortality rate was 77%. • Mortality rate was 38% in patients treated with chemotherapy and 91% in patients who did not receive chemotherapy. • Mortality rate stratified by anticoagulant: unfractionated heparin (85.7%), DOAC (75%), and LMWH (20%). CONCLUSION: High clinical suspicion for NBTE in patients presenting with LC and thromboembolic phenomena can lead to changes in treatment and improved clinical outcomes.
Slowing Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth with Statins: A Meta-Analysis.
Kolimas AM, Malla G, Chadha A … +6 more , Sainbayar E, Sethi J, Hindosh Z, Hadvani P, Pham HN, Sordia J
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39949099 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are worrisome for their propensity to dissect. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of statin use, particularly with slowing aortic aneurysm growth. The...
INTRODUCTION: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are worrisome for their propensity to dissect. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of statin use, particularly with slowing aortic aneurysm growth. The aim of this meta-analysis was to consolidate existing research to ascertain if statins effectively reduce TAA growth. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched to identify studies assessing TAA growth in patients on statins (cases) and those not on statins (controls). The primary outcome was TAA (ascending/ aortic arch) growth rate per year. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with a random-effects model using the inverse-variance technique. We assigned I2>50% as an indicator of statistical heterogeneity. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.25.0. RESULTS: Four studies comprising 757 cases (male 64%, mean age 65±14 years) and 1,696 controls (male 62%, mean age 61±18 years) were included. The baseline diameters of TAA for cases and controls were 40.35±8.75 mm and 42.39±12.60 mm, respectively. Pooled results suggested statins to be associated with slower growth of TAAs with pooled SMD -0.70 mm/year [95% CI (-1.23 - -0.16); p=0.01]. Heterogeneity statistics among 4 studies was 95%. CONCLUSION: This pooled meta-analysis showed statins as associated with slower growth of TAAs. However, given the heterogeneity of the included studies in this meta-analysis, results should be interpreted with caution.
Association of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and their Clinical Features with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Huang W, Syahruddin SS, Johansyah AA … +6 more , Suriadiredja SS, Santoso DPJ, Sasotya RMS, Azis MA, Pribadi A, Prameswari HS
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39949098 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare yet fatal cardiac disease associated with pregnancy. PPCM has been shown to have similar etiopathogenesis with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Hence, this...
BACKGROUND: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare yet fatal cardiac disease associated with pregnancy. PPCM has been shown to have similar etiopathogenesis with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Hence, this study aims to study the association between HDP and the development of PPCM. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library) were searched and screened based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Predictors of PPCM evaluated were HDP (preeclampsia, superimposed preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension) and its clinical features (severe preeclampsia, age, parity, serum creatinine, etc.). Data were analyzed using the random effects model of pooled odds ratios (ORs) with the Mantel Haenszel method, and publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot. RESULTS: A total of 13 observational studies with 11,951 PPCM cases from 7 countries were identified. All types of HDP were associated with significantly increased odds of developing PPCM, and severe preeclampsia was associated with the highest OR of 13.33 (CI: 5.95 - 29.83, p < 0.01). Additionally, superimposed preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and lastly gestational hypertension were associated with increased odds of PPCM with OR 5.77, 4.73, 4.70, and 3.13, respectively. Other clinical features being statistically significant for PPCM development included advanced age > 35 years and multiple pregnancies (p < 0.05). No significant difference in creatinine level was found between PPCM and no PPCM group. No publication bias was found based on funnel plot assessment. CONCLUSION: HDP, especially severe preeclampsia, is associated with increased odds of PPCM development; hence, a low threshold for PPCM screening in this high-risk group is required.
The Incidence of Heart Failure in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Moeinipour Y, Moeinipour A, Alizadeh B … +2 more , Raesi R, Naghibi M
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39931850 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric heart failure (HF) poses diagnostic challenges, especially in emergency settings, where misdiagnoses are common. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the causes of HF in children with congenital h...
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric heart failure (HF) poses diagnostic challenges, especially in emergency settings, where misdiagnoses are common. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the causes of HF in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and provide insights into age-related disparities and clinical classifications. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 402 pediatric patients with CHD during the years 2019-2020. Ultimately, 45 pediatric patients diagnosed with HF by two pediatric cardiologists based on clinical symptoms and radiographic changes were included in the study. Information from the patients' files, including epidemiological findings, clinical examinations, paraclinical findings, and interventions performed, was recorded. Etiological factors and clinical classifications were analyzed using statistical tests. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 402 pediatric patients with CHD, 45 (11.19%) were diagnosed with HF, with a median age of 7.5 months. The predominant etiological factors included ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and cardiomyopathy. Analysis of etiological factors revealed that single structural defects accounted for 71.11% of HF cases, while concurrent defects contributed to a significant portion of the remaining cases. Clinical classifications revealed age-related differences, emphasizing the heterogeneity of pediatric HF presentations. CONCLUSION: Given that all patients with HF in our study had CHD, more investigations into the causes and mechanisms of this issue are necessary, which will be possible with genetic studies. A significant difference was observed between Class II and Class IV, with Class II patients being older and heavier, and having a lower heart rate compared to those in Class IV. This aligns with the classifications, where Class II indicates mild symptoms during ordinary activity, while Class IV signifies severe symptoms at rest.
Effects of Physical Exercise and the use of Doxorubicin on Cardiac Function in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Linhares BG, Linhares DG, de Souza Vale RG
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39931849 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy, such as Doxorubicin (DOX), often induces cardiotoxicity in cancer patients, which compromises their health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the effe...
BACKGROUND: Anthracycline-based chemotherapy, such as Doxorubicin (DOX), often induces cardiotoxicity in cancer patients, which compromises their health and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the effects of exercise concomitant with prolonged administration of DOX on improving cardiotoxicity. METHODS: A systematic literature search in MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed from inception until November 2023, strictly following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Preclinical randomized controlled trials related to exercise, cardiotoxicity, and DOX were included. RESULTS: Eight studies were included in the systematic review and 7 were selected for metaanalysis. By evaluating the Fractional Shortening (FS), it was possible to verify that exercise as complementary therapy provided a cardioprotective effect when compared to DOX combined with sedentary behavior (heterogeneity: I² = 53%; tau² = 0.19; p = 0.03; overall effect: z = 2.69; p < 0.01). However, no additional benefits were observed for the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) (heterogeneity: I² = 82%; tau² = 1.43; p < 0.01; overall effect: z = 1.42; p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: The included studies demonstrated exercise to have a cardioprotective effect on rodents, mainly on FS. However, there is a lack of high-level evidence to guide exercise prescription in clinical practice to improve cardiotoxicity associated with DOX administration.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Shape Index and Eccentricity Index as Promising Parameters for Detection of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Cardiovascular Events.
Jalali-Zefrei F, Souri Z, Izadi Benam F … +5 more , Shalamzari PF, Yektaee P, Mohagheghi SZ, Mohammadi AT, Farzipour S
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39931848 · Full text
Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) refers to the changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle, influenced by mechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic factors. These changes are directly linked to an increa...
Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) refers to the changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle, influenced by mechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic factors. These changes are directly linked to an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Various parameters are used to assess cardiac geometry across different imaging modalities, with echocardiography being the most commonly employed technique for measuring left ventricular (LV) geometry. However, many echocardiographic evaluations of geometric changes primarily rely on two-dimensional (2D) methods, which overlook the true three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of the LV. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is considered the gold standard for assessing LV volume, it has limitations, including accessibility issues, challenges in patients with cardiac devices, and longer examination times compared to standard echocardiography. In nuclear medicine, LV geometry can be analyzed using the shape index (SI) and eccentricity index (EI), which measure the sphericity and elongation of the left ventricle. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using SPECT or PET is inherently a 3D technique, making it particularly effective for accurately and consistently assessing LV size and shape parameters. In this context, LV metrics such as EI and SI can significantly enhance the range of quantitative assessments available through nuclear cardiology techniques, with particular value in identifying early LV remodeling in specific patient groups. This article explores the diagnostic significance of left ventricular geometric indices through various diagnostic methods, highlighting the important role of nuclear cardiology.
Leptin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Disorders: Bridging Molecular Pathways, Genetic Variants, and Therapeutic Innovation.
Roy P, Kant R, Kaur A … +2 more , Kumar H, Kumar R
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39931847 · Full text
Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, is crucial for regulating energy equilibrium, managing body mass, and influencing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Leptin decreases appetite, boosts energy usage, and has...
Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, is crucial for regulating energy equilibrium, managing body mass, and influencing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Leptin decreases appetite, boosts energy usage, and has a significant impact on glucose metabolism by primarily activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. Obesity leads to the development of leptin resistance, which is marked by high levels of leptin in the bloodstream and a decreased responsiveness to its signals. This leads to increased food consumption, weight gain, and metabolic issues, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explores the many roles of leptin in metabolic regulation, with a specific emphasis on its interaction with insulin and its impact on peripheral organs like the pancreas, liver, and muscles. Leptin resistance worsens chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, all of which are strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, there is a correlation between genetic variations in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and a higher susceptibility to stroke and other cardiovascular issues. Therapeutic interventions, such as leptin replacement therapy, have demonstrated potential in the treatment of congenital leptin insufficiency and lipodystrophy while also enhancing glycaemic control, lipid profiles, and neuroendocrine function. Recent studies have indicated that manipulating leptin levels or enhancing its responsiveness by specific treatments, such as chemical chaperones and inhibitors of negative regulators like SOCS3 and PTP1B, might potentially restore the efficacy of leptin.
Artificial Intelligence in the Heart of Medicine: A Systematic Approach to Transforming Arrhythmia Care with Intelligent Systems.
Hamad AKS, Haji J
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39902537 · Full text
BACKGROUND: At a critical juncture in the ongoing fight against cardiovascular disease (CVD), healthcare professionals are striving for more informed and expedited decisionmaking. Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to...
BACKGROUND: At a critical juncture in the ongoing fight against cardiovascular disease (CVD), healthcare professionals are striving for more informed and expedited decisionmaking. Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to be a guiding light in this endeavor. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease has now become non-invasive and convenient, while wearable devices excel at promptly detecting life-threatening arrhythmias and treatments for heart failure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to highlight the applications of AI in cardiology with a particular focus on arrhythmias and its potential impact on healthcare for all through careful implementation and constant research efforts. METHODS: An extensive search strategy was implemented. The search was conducted in renowned electronic medical databases, including Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Artificial Intelligence, cardiovascular diseases, arrhythmias, machine learning, and convolutional neural networks in cardiology were used as keywords for the search strategy. RESULTS: A total of 6876 records were retrieved from different electronic databases. Duplicates (N = 1356) were removed, resulting in 5520 records for screening. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4683 articles were excluded. Following the full-text screening of the remaining 837 articles, a further 637 were excluded. Ultimately, 200 studies were included in this review. CONCLUSION: AI represents not just a development but a cutting-edge force propelling the next evolution of cardiology. With its capacity to make precise predictions, facilitate non-invasive diagnosis, and personalize therapies, AI holds the potential to save lives and enhance healthcare quality on a global scale.
Pharmacogenomics and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Literature Review.
Kayani M, Sangeetha GK, Sarangi S … +8 more , Gaddamanugu LS, Sharma S, Adedara VO, Abdallah S, Katz K, Mora GR, Kommuru S, Nazir Z
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39901689 · Full text
Pharmacogenomics has transformed the way we approach the treatment of the most common diseases worldwide, especially cardiovascular. In this article, we highlight the main categories of drugs involved in major cardiovasc...
Pharmacogenomics has transformed the way we approach the treatment of the most common diseases worldwide, especially cardiovascular. In this article, we highlight the main categories of drugs involved in major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), related genetic variability and their effects on metabolism in each case of contrastive operability. This not only explains disparities in treatment outcomes but also unfolds customised management based on genomic studies to improve efficiency and limit side effects. Genetic variations have been identified that impact the efficacy, safety, and adverse effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of CVD, such as Angiotensin converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, diuretics, statins, beta-blockers, and anticoagulants. It discusses the impact of genetic polymorphisms on drug metabolism, efficacy, and adverse reactions, highlighting the importance of genetic testing in optimizing treatment outcomes. Pharmacogenomics holds immense potential for revolutionizing the management of CVD by enabling personalized medicine approaches tailored to individual genetic profiles. However, challenges such as clinical implementation, cost-effectiveness, and ethical considerations need to be addressed to completely incorporate pharmacogenomic testing into standard clinical practice. Continued research and clinical diligence are required for the utilization of pharmacogenomics to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce the burden of CVD globally.
Safety and Efficacy of Zero Fluoroscopy Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Comparison to the Standardized Fluoroscopy-Guided Procedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mendel B, Kohar K, Djiu RJ … +9 more , Yumnanisha DA, Vidya AP, Winarta J, Arifin KH, Mumtaz MDE, Nugroho AKZ, Jagannatha GNP, Siagian SN, Prakoso R
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39901688 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in premature infants requiring intervention to avoid problems. Despite improvements in lowering radiation exposure and employing better contrast agents, fl...
BACKGROUND: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in premature infants requiring intervention to avoid problems. Despite improvements in lowering radiation exposure and employing better contrast agents, fluoroscopy is still the most widely employed technique, which exposes interventional echocardiographers to radiation risks. Techniques, such as Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)-guided procedures or Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)-guided procedures, provide radiationfree options. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fluoroscopy-guided versus non-fluoroscopy-guided PDA closure techniques with respect to the reduction in procedural risks and improved clinical decision-making when treating hemodynamically severe PDAs in premature newborns. As there is no specific age or cutoff for this procedure, it is crucial to perform it as early as possible to prevent complications, especially if symptoms are already present. METHODS: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024516321. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) have been reviewed up to February 2024 to search the literature. The main outcome has been the procedural success rate. The additional outcomes have included procedural-related complications rate. We have performed a proportional meta-analysis using the random-effects model and the DerSimonian-Laird method. The risk of bias in all included studies has been evaluated using the STROBE guideline. RESULTS: A total of 85 (78 fluoroscopy and 7 zero-fluoroscopy) studies have been included in this study. Percutaneous PDA closure success rate has been significantly higher in zero-fluoroscopy group compared to fluoroscopy guidance [99.4% (95%CI: 98.1-100%) and 94.6% (95%CI: 92.3-97%, test for subgroup differences p < 0.01), respectively]. The complication rate has been similar in both groups [4% (95%CI: 0- 10%) in zero-fluoroscopy and 8.9% (95%CI: 6.5-11.3%) in fluoroscopy group, test for subgroup differences; p = 0.14]. Device embolization has been the most common complication reported in the fluoroscopy group [1.7% patients (95%CI: 1.1-2.3%)]. Meanwhile, the residual leak has been the only complication reported in the zero-fluoroscopy group [15.6% patients (95%CI: 0-37.5%)]. CONCLUSION: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is common in preemies and requires intervention. While fluoroscopy is widely used with lower radiation and better contrast agents, it still carries radiation risks. Thus, this review has evaluated the safety and effectiveness of fluoroscopy versus zero-fluoroscopyguided PDA closures, aiming to reduce procedural risks and enhance clinical decisions for treating PDA. Zero fluoroscopy techniques for percutaneous PDA closure have been found to yield comparable success rates and procedural outcomes to fluoroscopy-guided procedures. Considering its reduced side effects, zerofluoroscopy is safe and can be the preferred method to guide closures. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to better understand the exact role of interventional echocardiography in PDA closures.
Safety and Efficacy of Transendocardial Stem Cells Therapy in Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Al-Sawalha I, Abu-Salih AQ, Al-Bdour M … +6 more , Al Shimi R, Al-Slehat M, Almansi A, Batarseh SF, Al-Taj M, Jaloudi N
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39886783 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Chronic ischemic heart failure is a major global health issue despite advancements in therapy. Stem cell (SC) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, but its effectiveness remains uncertain. This stud...
INTRODUCTION: Chronic ischemic heart failure is a major global health issue despite advancements in therapy. Stem cell (SC) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, but its effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence on SC therapy's efficacy. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to April 2024. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with blinded designs, focusing on patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with mesenchymal stem cells compared to placebo or sham interventions via percutaneous endomyocardial catheter systems. Data extraction, performed independently by two authors, focused on safety and efficacy variables. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model, with sensitivity analyses to address study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements were observed in the stem cell group for left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (pooled effect size -7.59, 95% CI [-12.28 to -2.89], P=0.002) and stress SPECT outcomes (pooled effect size - 5.33, 95% CI [-6.73 to -3.93], P<0.00001). Sensitivity analysis reduced heterogeneity in left ventricular end-diastolic function (LVEDF) (P=0.01, I²=54%) and revealed a significant benefit for stem cell therapy (pooled effect size -3.87, 95% CI [-6.77 to -0.97], P=0.009). No significant effects were observed for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). Functional improvements in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification were noted (OR=4.22, 95% CI (1.14-15.68), P=0.03), though no significant differences were found in safety outcomes, including major cardiovascular events, mortality, or rehospitalization rates. CONCLUSION: Transendocardial SC therapy shows promise in improving certain cardiac parameters, though its impact on LVEF and MVO2 remains inconclusive, indicating the need for further research.
Evaluation of the Effect of Virgin Rice Bran Oil (VRBO) on Doxorubicininduced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats.
Prema S, Verma R, Nagarwal A … +5 more , Bharkatiya M, Baghel M, Kishore L, Wal P, Gasmi A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39878106 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The usage of doxorubicin (DOX), an antineoplastic drug that is frequently used for the cure of cancer, is restricted to maximal doses due to its cardiac toxicity. Reactive oxygen species produced by DOX res...
INTRODUCTION: The usage of doxorubicin (DOX), an antineoplastic drug that is frequently used for the cure of cancer, is restricted to maximal doses due to its cardiac toxicity. Reactive oxygen species produced by DOX result in lipid peroxidation and organ failure, ultimately resulting in cardiomyopathy. Due to its high polyphenol content, virgin rice bran oil (VRBO) is a diet nutritional supplement with a strong antioxidant. This study aimed to assess the potential defense of VRBO against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS: VRBO and DOX injections were administered to thirty male Wistar rats for 42 days after being randomly assigned to five groups. RESULTS: The study demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of VRBO against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. VRBO (0.71 and 1.42 ml/kg) significantly improved the heart-tobody weight ratio, reduced elevated serum CK-MB and LDH levels by 18.4% and 52.7%, respectively, and increased HDL by 43.1%. ECG parameters also improved, with reductions in QT interval (19%), ST interval (28%), and QRS complex (15%). VRBO enhanced systolic blood pressure (up to 21%) and heart rate (7.1%). Antioxidant markers showed notable recovery, with MDA levels reduced by 66.1%, while GSH, SOD, and catalase levels increased by 129.4%, 158.2%, and 84.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: A cardioprotective benefit was found at middle and higher VRBO dosages. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of VRBO as a cardioprotective medication, further research on dosage response and bioavailability is required.
Dyspnea and Heart Failure: The Role of the Diaphragm.
Correa Nascimento PM, Luiz Ribeiro M, Nascimento Lourenco B … +4 more , Villacorta H, Lagoeiro Jorge AJ, de Novaes Rocha N, de Andrade Martins W
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39844545 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Dyspnea and exertional intolerance are the most common clinical manifestations of Heart Failure (HF). One of the possible mechanisms of both symptoms in HF patients is weakness of the inspiratory muscles. A...
INTRODUCTION: Dyspnea and exertional intolerance are the most common clinical manifestations of Heart Failure (HF). One of the possible mechanisms of both symptoms in HF patients is weakness of the inspiratory muscles. AIM: Because the diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, this review aimed to investigate the contribution of diaphragmatic function to the genesis of dyspnea or exercise intolerance in HF patients. METHODS: Original articles, clinical trials, and cohort or case-control studies published between January 2003 and March 2023 were included. The population, variables, and outcome strategy were the basis of this review, including studies that assessed HF patients, diaphragmatic function, and dyspnea or exercise tolerance. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and BVS/LILACS databases were searched. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 353 articles were identified from electronic databases. After removing duplicate articles and screening based on titles, abstracts, and full texts, nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review. These studies were quite heterogeneous in their methodologies; however, most, except two, demonstrated an association among diaphragmatic dysfunction, dyspnea, and exertional intolerance in HF patients. CONCLUSION: Although few studies have assessed the contribution of diaphragmatic function to dyspnea and exertional intolerance in HF individuals, the vast majority of articles included in this review found such an association, especially when diaphragmatic function was assessed using ultrasound.
Exploring the Involvement of New Members of the Interleukin Family in Cardiovascular Disease.
Al Noman A, Flora SA, Datta M … +6 more , Afrose F, Binte Hasan N, Akhter T, Anuva NJ, Pathak R, Sharma H
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39844544 · Full text
Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant reason for illness and death globally. Although certain interleukins have been extensively researched about cardiovascular disease (CVD), new findings have identified unique m...
Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant reason for illness and death globally. Although certain interleukins have been extensively researched about cardiovascular disease (CVD), new findings have identified unique members of the interleukin family that could potentially play a role in cardiovascular well-being and ailments. This review discusses the current understanding of the role of these recently identified interleukins, such as IL-27, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, and the IL-28 group (IL-28A, IL-28B, IL-29), in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Every interleukin has various impacts achieved through particular receptors and signaling pathways that affect inflammatory processes, differentiation of immune cells, and the functioning of blood vessels. IL-27 controls the development of inflammatory Th17 cells and might decrease inflammation in atherosclerosis. IL-31 plays a role in the interaction between the immune system and nerves, as well as in itching. IL-32 enhances the generation of inflammatory proteins and has been linked to coronary artery disease. IL-33 has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, whereas its imitation receptor sST2 could potentially be used as a biomarker. Additional studies are needed to investigate the antiviral and immune-system regulating effects of the IL-28 group in cardiovascular diseases. In general, explaining the ways in which new interleukins contribute to the progression of cardiovascular diseases can help discover fresh targets for therapy and new approaches toward enhancing the prevention and treatment of heart disorders. Additional research on the way these cytokines engage with established disease pathways is necessary.
A New Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Gene Mutation.
Gao J, Luo R, Li X
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 39838659 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispos...
BACKGROUND: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT. METHODS: Through analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant literature, the review elucidates the genetic properties and potential pathophysiology of SVT. RESULTS: There are many pathophysiological mechanisms related to atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Currently, there is relatively little research on inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), atrial tachycardia (AT), and congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET). It seems that every type of SVT has gene mutations in ion channels, with three types of SVT having gene mutations in signaling pathways, and others including gene mutations in beta-adrenergic-receptor autoantibodies, autonomic nervous system, and AV node structure. CONCLUSION: SVT has certain genetic characteristics and is often associated with other heart diseases. From the analysis of mutated genes in SVT, it appears to be a type of cardiac ion channel disease. Unlike common ion channel diseases, it is more insidious and more susceptible to external factors. The confirmation of the genetic basis of SVT provides direction for future hazard stratification assessment and gene targeted therapy drug research.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe