Archiwum Medycyny Sadowej I Kryminologii[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Standardization of research in the field of forensic genetics - the current state in the world and introduction to the guidelines in Poland with reference to the work of the Expert Team for Standards and Assessment in Forensic Genetics of the Polish Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG-PL).
Jacewicz R
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2018 · PMID 31025840 · Publisher ↗
The beginnings of forensic genetics, one of the most rapidly growing fields of research, can be traced to Great Britain in 1985. It appeared in Poland in 1989. It uses the most advanced technologies, including the invest...
The beginnings of forensic genetics, one of the most rapidly growing fields of research, can be traced to Great Britain in 1985. It appeared in Poland in 1989. It uses the most advanced technologies, including the investigation of the variability of the human genome through mass parallel sequencing, which help, among other things, to analyze features of human appearance and origin. These technologies coexist with well standardized techniques of multiplex short tandem repeat analysis based on capillary electrophoresis, which allows to obtain a unique individual profile at a minimal cost. Legislation, research standards and guidelines developed by opinion-forming institutions and expert teams play a key role in the field of genetic forensic examinations. This study presents the current normative state of this area. It precedes the presentation of guidelines concerning the main aspects of research in the field of forensic genetics in Poland, prepared by a team of experts gathered within the Polish Speaking Working Group of the International Forensic Genetics Society and the Forensic Genetics Committee of the Polish Society of Forensic Medicine and Criminology.
Smoothbore hunting ammunition - a historical overview.
Bochyński PJ, Karpiewska A, Kuliczkowski M … +1 more , Dobosz T
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972360 · Publisher ↗
This article deals with traditional hunting amunitions in paper cases, intended for smooth-bore shotgun. The paper describes the development of gunshot cartridges in historical terms, with particular emphasis on the orig...
This article deals with traditional hunting amunitions in paper cases, intended for smooth-bore shotgun. The paper describes the development of gunshot cartridges in historical terms, with particular emphasis on the origins and development of systems, initiating the combustion of subsequent generations of propelling cargo. The work gives an author's look into the uprising process of an integrating gunshot cartridge. The article contains a number of information about historical cartridges, currently not to be found, their dimensions, markings and ignition systems. The described cartridges are often examples of rare and long-lasting constructional solutions, that have been made to create a modern cartridge in weight scale calibers. The presented work includes a number of numerical data as well as ballistic, obsolete and archaic today's cartridges, with dimensions and ballistic properties. Some of the theses and data in this paper contained, according to the author's knowledge, are for the first time presented in the literature, and others can be found, but it is very tedious because of their dispersion in the literature or the availability of hard to find and unstable internet sources.
Application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in paternity testing - case report.
Kostrzewa G, Konarzewska M, Pepiński W
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972359 · Publisher ↗
Aim of the study: We present the application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to extend the scope of analysis in a disputed paternity case. Material and methods: A standard paternity test comprising 16 autosomal ST...
Aim of the study: We present the application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to extend the scope of analysis in a disputed paternity case. Material and methods: A standard paternity test comprising 16 autosomal STRs was performed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. Additionally, MPS was performed with ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit and Illumina MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System. Paternity index (PI) was calculated using DNAStat v.2.1 software. Results>: CE revealed two mismatches, at D21S11 and VWA, between the putative father and the child. Based on MPS results, the mismatches were analyzed and a nonconsensus sequence of allele 14 at the VWA locus in the mother - child pair was identified. Different sequence variants were also detected in 16-16 homozygote alleles at the D3S1358 locus in the child. Conclusions: MPS helped to formulate a definite conclusion regarding the paternity of the defendant and provided full information on intra-allelic polymorphism.
Epidemiological Study of Suicide in Khuzestan Province, South West of Iran, during 2011 to 2014.
Rostami C, Karami K, Daliri S … +2 more , Mardani A, Narimisa F
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972358 · Publisher ↗
Aim of the study: Suicide is a worldwide major public health problem. This study was carried out in Khuzestan province for the examination of the epidemiology of suicide. Material and methods: This is a descriptive-cross...
Aim of the study: Suicide is a worldwide major public health problem. This study was carried out in Khuzestan province for the examination of the epidemiology of suicide. Material and methods: This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study on epidemiology of suicide in 23 township of Khuzestan provinces, during 2011 to 2014. Data were collected from records in Mental Health Units in Khuzestan Province which has located in South West of Iran. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software. Results: from 11180 recorded suicides, about 60% were female and about 40% were male. The cumulative incidence of suicide attempts was estimated 339/100,000.The highest suicide rate was from the city of Masjed Soleiman with an annual average incidence of 327/100,000 cases of suicide. Most common method of suicide was drug abuse (279/100,000) and most common method of Completed Suicides was hanging (7/100,000). The most important motivation of the suicide was related to Familial discords by 72/100,000 of suicide attempts and 4/100,000 cases of suicide deaths and the highest incidence occurred among the people in the age range of 24-18 years. The suicide attempts and suicide deaths increased over studied years. Conclusions: According to the results, the most common suicide method was drug abuse and the family discord was the most motivated suicide. Moreover, highest incidence of suicide was among the age group of 18-24 years. Educational programs should be provided in fields of problem solving skills and crisis management in relation to life problems. Also facilitating access to specialized psychological and psychiatric services, and appropriate intervention plans is essential.
Investigation Paraquat Poisoning in Southwest of Iran - from Sign to Mortality and Morbidity.
Jamshidi F, Fathi G, Davoodzadeh H
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972357 · Publisher ↗
Introduction: Paraquat is the most important herbicide of bi-prides class which is used widely in agriculture part but in many countries such as Iran, this herbicide use for suicide. This study was conducted with the aim...
Introduction: Paraquat is the most important herbicide of bi-prides class which is used widely in agriculture part but in many countries such as Iran, this herbicide use for suicide. This study was conducted with the aim to investigating Paraquat poisoning in Khuzestan province of Iran. Material and methods: This study is a retrospective and statistic investigation in which 159 files of toxicity cases were investigated during 2004 to 2015. The patients were contacted to inquire into their health, after completing a questionnaire, the data was gathered and analyzed using SPSS software. Result: Of 159 patients studied for paraquate poisoning, 65 patients (40.9%) were female and 94 patients (59.1%) were male and 138 cases (86.8%) of patients were 15-29 years and 150 patients (66%) were single. rate of poisoning due to suicide was 96.9%. First signs in this patients was Nausea and Vomiting, Mouth and throat ulcers, Mouth and throat erythema and Mouth and throat Irritation. 113 patients (71.1%) were treated by specialized medicines without antibiotics. 73 patients (45.9%) developed acidosis during hospitalization, and 13 patients (8.2%) experienced alkalosis. Sixty-three cases (39.6%) died. Conclusions: The current study showed that paraquet is one of the deadliest poisons in Khozestan province which is used frequently for suicide. Considering the high importance of this substance in agriculture, it cannot be replaced by other toxins. Furthermore, this study showed that drug therapy has not continued after discharge of survived patients.
In search for the grave of 100 Poles executed on March 20, 1942 in Zgierz, Poland - research by SIGO (Network for Genetic Identification of Victims).
Jacewicz R, Ossowski A, Ławrynowicz O … +7 more , Jędrzejczyk M, Prośniak A, Bąbol-Pokora K, Diepenbroek M, Szargut M, Zielińska G, Berent J
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972356 · Publisher ↗
It can be reasonably assumed that remains exhumed in 2012 and 2013 during archaeological explorations conducted in the Lućmierz Forest, an important area on the map of the German Nazi terror in the region of Lodz (Poland...
It can be reasonably assumed that remains exhumed in 2012 and 2013 during archaeological explorations conducted in the Lućmierz Forest, an important area on the map of the German Nazi terror in the region of Lodz (Poland), are in fact the remains of a hundred Poles murdered by the Nazis in Zgierz on March 20, 1942. By virtue of a decision of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance's Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, the verification of this research hypothesis was entrusted to SIGO (Network for Genetic Identification of Victims) Consortium appointed by virtue of an agreement of December 11, 2015. The Consortium is an extension of the PBGOT (Polish Genetic Database of Totalitarianisms Victims). So far, the researchers have retrieved 14 DNA profiles from among the examined remains, including 12 male and 2 female profiles. Furthermore, 12 DNA profiles of the victims' family members have been collected. Due to the fact that next-of-kin relatives of the victims of the Zgierz massacre are of advanced age, it is of key importance to collect genetic material as soon as possible from the other surviving family members, identified on the basis of a list of victims that has been nearly completely compiled by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) and is presented in this paper.
Analysis of suicide cases in post-mortem examination files of the Department of Forensic Medicine at the Medical University of Białystok (2003 to 2015).
Janica M, Szeremeta M, Bondar A … +3 more , Lomperta K, Drobuliakova P, Niemcunowicz-Janica A
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 28972355 · Publisher ↗
Aim of the study: The study presents the analysis of suicides based on the material consisting of the results of medico-legal autopsies and case files of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of B...
Aim of the study: The study presents the analysis of suicides based on the material consisting of the results of medico-legal autopsies and case files of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Bialystok. Material and methods: The material consisted of 6752 protocols of medico-legal autopsies carried out in the years 2003-2015 and case files, which enabled to classify cases as suicidal. The analysis included the dynamics of suicides over the years, basic demographic characteristics of victims, the ways, the time and place of suicide, the state of sobriety, the frequency of injuries in different regions of the body. The data were analyzed statistically using tests such as: Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test by programme Statistica 10.0 by StatSoft. Results: The research showed that suicides represented 11.09% of all post-mortem examinations. A statistically significant association was found between the age of the person committing suicide and the place chosen for suicide (p = 0.038). Post hoc analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences (p = 0.046) between suicide committed outdoors and in the supervised area. There was a statistically significant association between the sex and the preferable place of committing suicide (p = 0.0001). A high percentage of suicides were committed in the place of residence. There was a statistically significant difference in blood alcohol levels in women and in men at the time of suicide (p = 0.0029). Conclusions: The study revealed the increase of the percentage of suicides in relation to previous years. Hanging is still the most popular method of suicide.
First successful DNA isolation and profiling from bone using an approach that is non-destructive toward bone surface.
Pluta D, Lebioda A, Jonkisz A … +1 more , Dobosz T
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155989 · Publisher ↗
Commonly used destructive DNA isolation techniques consist of pulverization which leads to the complete destruction of smaller bones or irreversible damage to larger bones through the cutting of extensive fragments. The...
Commonly used destructive DNA isolation techniques consist of pulverization which leads to the complete destruction of smaller bones or irreversible damage to larger bones through the cutting of extensive fragments. The procedure is totally unacceptable when handling bones which are valuable for anthropological or religious reasons, as museum exhibits or due to emotional factors. Since the Department's team has already resolved this problem in the case of human teeth (A. Pilecka), efforts have been undertaken to develop a similar non-destructive technique for the isolation of DNA from human bones. To the best knowledge of the authors of the report, the study has yielded the world's first STR profile derived from DNA isolated from human bones by a technique that is non-destructive toward the bone surface.
Hunting shot - evolution of manufacturing technology.
Bochyński P, Kuliczkowski M, Karpiewska A … +2 more , Turkiewicz M, Dobosz T
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155988 · Publisher ↗
Hunting shot are 1.2-10 mm diameter balls, usually made of lead alloys, forming a cluster projectile used in smoothbore hunting shotguns. Shot may also be used in pistol and revolver ammunition, in which it can constitut...
Hunting shot are 1.2-10 mm diameter balls, usually made of lead alloys, forming a cluster projectile used in smoothbore hunting shotguns. Shot may also be used in pistol and revolver ammunition, in which it can constitute structural element of the projectile. Shot pellets may also be made of other materials and have other shapes. The aim of this paper is to aggregate information on the topic available from a number of different sources. It is hoped that such information will be useful for forensic ballistics experts. Historical development of pellets and their manufacturing technology from the 15th century is presented.
Traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage or ruptured brain aneurysm in 16-year-old boy? - case report.
Skowronek R, Kobek M, Jankowski Z … +7 more , Zielińska-Pająk E, Pałasz A, Pilch-Kowalczyk J, Kwarta R, Rygol K, Szczepański M, Chowaniec C
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155987 · Publisher ↗
Traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage (TBSAH) represents only 1.8% of all subarachnoid haemorrhage cases diagnosed during autopsy. This report presents such a case from the current practice of the authors. Sixteen-yea...
Traumatic basal subarachnoid haemorrhage (TBSAH) represents only 1.8% of all subarachnoid haemorrhage cases diagnosed during autopsy. This report presents such a case from the current practice of the authors. Sixteen-year-old boy was beaten by the aggressors. Suddenly he lost his consciousness and fall after he received a single blow in the neck. He was resuscitated immediately, but died at the scene. During the external examination we did not find any significant external injuries. Autopsy revealed large contusion of right sternocleidomastoid muscle. In the cranial cavity we found extensive subarachnoid haemorrhage, located mainly on brain basis, in the posterior cranial fossa and covering the subtentorial structures. During the preparation of blood vessels we noticed a slight change of morphology suggesting damaged vessel or aneurysm, or vascular malformation located in the basilar artery bifurcation, which was taken to detailed microscopic evaluation using the special stainings. Histological examination showed vital interruption of the basilar artery wall with massive haemorrhage, without the presence of general microscopic pathology. From the medico-legal viewpoint, to determine traumatic background of haemorrhage it is necessary to find the coexistence of the following circumstances: a sustained trauma, post-mortem findings consistent with a time of injury, the presence of temporal relationship between injury and death, and morphological vital injury of the brain vessel, as well as the absence of prior vascular malformations. For this purpose Verhoeff-van Gieson's, Masson's, Turnbull's and Gomori' histological stainings may be successfully used.
Histopathological changes in lungs of the mountain snow avalanche victims and its potential usefulness in determination of cause and mechanism of death.
Kobek M, Skowronek R, Jabłoński C … +2 more , Jankowski Z, Pałasz A
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155986 · Publisher ↗
On 28 January 2003 snow avalanche in the Polish Tatras happened, in which 8 people died and 5 were injured. We tried to determine cause and manner of death in 6 fatal victims instead of advanced late post mortem changes...
On 28 January 2003 snow avalanche in the Polish Tatras happened, in which 8 people died and 5 were injured. We tried to determine cause and manner of death in 6 fatal victims instead of advanced late post mortem changes in internal organs. Taking into consideration the circumstances of death, we paid special attention to histopathological examination of lungs, extended by Gomori's and AZAN staining. Pattern of the changes was similar to those observed in forensic medicine in cases of asphyxia due to airway obstruction and/or immobilization of chest and abdomen (Perthes' syndrome). Histopathological study with the use of more specific staining methods has a significant diagnostic value during establishing the cause and mechanism of death of the deceased snow avalanche victims with advanced post mortem changes.
Polymorphism of 12 STR loci included in the Investigator HD-plex kit in Polish population of Lodz region.
Wojtkiewicz R, Markiewicz B, Jędrzejczyk M … +1 more , Jacewicz R
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155985 · Publisher ↗
In this study Polish population data as well as efficiency parameters of 12 STR included in the Investigator HDplex set were presented. This set contains 9 systems not available in any other commercial multiplexes, ie.:...
In this study Polish population data as well as efficiency parameters of 12 STR included in the Investigator HDplex set were presented. This set contains 9 systems not available in any other commercial multiplexes, ie.: D2S1360, D3S1744, D4S2366, D5S2500, D6S474, D7S1517, D8S1132, D10S2325 and D21S2055. The evaluation was preformed based on DNA samples derived from 303 unrelated individuals living in Lodz region, central part of Poland. The obtained distribution of the genotypes is consistent with the assumptions of the Hardy and Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). It reflects properly genetic structure of the studied population compared with other populations of Europe and the world. It indicates the linkage equilibrium within the pairs of investigated , as well as with regard to other syntenic . The total value of the power of exclusion (PE) and the random match probability (MP) were respectively 0.99999988 and 5.2 × 10. Therefore the polymorphism of examined genetic markers within the Investigator HD-plex multiplex allows for a significant increase of the evidence value. Thus it constitutes an excellent tool for resolving difficult cases in the field of forensic genetics.
Pattern of drug abuse in addicts self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province - Iran, 2014-2015.
Jamshidi F, Nazari I, Malayeri HT … +2 more , Rahimi Z, Cheraghi M
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28155984 · Publisher ↗
AIM OF THE STUDY: We aimed to determine the pattern of drug use and the affective demographic factors in addicts in self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a cross-se...
AIM OF THE STUDY: We aimed to determine the pattern of drug use and the affective demographic factors in addicts in self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study which has done on 4400 addicts in self-referred drug rehabilitation centers in Khuzestan province from March 2014 to March 2015. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 software. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables and the frequency and percentage frequency were calculated for nominal and classified variables, and also t-test, χ2 and ANOVA were used to examine the relationships between variables. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. RESULTS: Finding has shown that 97.5% were male. The average age of subjects was 38.21 ±10.52. Most consumable drug in these people was opium (50.6%) and the main way of drug use was smoking (69.4%). In terms of motivation of using drug, in men were enjoyment and in women family problems had the highest relative percentage. The majority of subjects (67.2%) had a history of drug abandonment. The reason of referring to rehabilitation centers for treatment, types of using drug and the number of drug using, was significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results have shown that it is necessary to consider some issues including of provincial drug policy and increasing awareness at different levels of society and making appropriate cultural and sports spaces in order to achieve the primary preventive goals.
Atypical stab injury suggesting ritual suicide.
Kučerová Š, Vojtíšek T, Hejna P
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28144932 · Publisher ↗
Sharp weapons have been one of the most common deadly tools in cases of homicide and suicide for a long time. Tentative incisions accompany the majority of suicides by sharp force and the absence of hesitation marks prov...
Sharp weapons have been one of the most common deadly tools in cases of homicide and suicide for a long time. Tentative incisions accompany the majority of suicides by sharp force and the absence of hesitation marks provokes questions about the manner of death. We present the bizarre fatality of a 41-year-old male with an isolated circumscribed incision on the right neck, where the body was found lying in a pool of blood in the shower of his apartment. The internal examination revealed a 4-cm-long channel-like defect running inwardly and downwardly along the right sternocleidomastoid region. The cause of death was external bleeding from an injured right carotid artery and internal jugular vein. The wound had clean non-contused margins without any conspicuous hesitation injuries. A fragment of a razor blade, found in blood splatters, was identified as the only potential injuring tool. The case was classified as a suicide.
Analysis of the nature of injuries in victims of fall from height.
Kusior ME, Pejka K, Knapik M … +3 more , Sajuk N, Kłaptocz S, Konopka T
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28144931 · Publisher ↗
AIM OF STUDY: To assess the types and extent of injuries sustained by victims of fall from height depending on the height of fall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 338 bodies of victims of fatal falls from differ...
AIM OF STUDY: To assess the types and extent of injuries sustained by victims of fall from height depending on the height of fall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 338 bodies of victims of fatal falls from different heights (from the 1st to 10th floors) who were subjected to medico-legal autopsy at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, between 1995 and 2014. For each individual, selected data were collected including gender, age, body height, injury types and presence of alcohol or other intoxicants in blood. The analysis comprised injuries to the brain, thoracic and abdominal organs, fractures of the skull, extremities, ribs and spine, and fractures of the scapula, clavicle and sternum (considered together). The study focused on determining the frequency of occurrence of different injuries in relation to one another and depending on the height of fall. RESULTS: The number and extent of injuries was found to increase along with the height of fall. Three injury types, including injuries to the mesentery and both kidneys and fractures of upper extremity small bones, were shown to occur from the threshold heights of the 3rd, 4th and 6th floors. Eleven injuries demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the height of fall. The study also revealed a number of correlations between the frequencies of occurrence of different injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries found from the threshold value may suggest the minimal height of fall. The presence of injuries which correlate with increasing height, and the overall number of injuries observed in victims of fall from height, may be useful for inferring the height of the fall.
COII "long fragment" reliability in characterisation and classification of forensically important flies.
Aly SM, Mahmoud SM
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28144930 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Molecular identification of collected flies is important in forensic entomological analysis guided with accurate evaluation of the chosen genetic marker. The selected mitochondrial DNA segments can be used...
INTRODUCTION: Molecular identification of collected flies is important in forensic entomological analysis guided with accurate evaluation of the chosen genetic marker. The selected mitochondrial DNA segments can be used to properly identify species. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of the 635-bp-long cytochrome oxidase II gene (COII) in identification of forensically important flies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-two specimens belonging to 11 species (Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps, C. rufifacies, C. megacephala, Lucilia sericata, L. cuprina; Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga carnaria, S. dux, S. albiceps, Wohlfahrtia nuba; Muscidae: Musca domestica, M. autumnalis) were analysed. The selected marker was amplified using PCR followed by sequencing. Nucleotide sequence divergences were calculated using the K2P (Kimura two-parameter) distance model, and a NJ (neighbour-joining) phylogenetic tree was constructed. RESULTS: All examined specimens were assigned to the correct species, formed distinct monophyletic clades and ordered in accordance with their taxonomic classification. Intraspecific variation ranged from 0 to 1% and interspecific variation occurred between 2 and 20%. CONCLUSIONS: The 635-bp-long COII marker is suitable for clear differentiation and identification of forensically relevant flies.
Population database on: D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D8S1179, D10S1248, D22S1045, D12S391, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, FGA, TH01, vWA loci included in NGM system based on one thousand unrelated individuals from Lodz region of Central Poland.
Jacewicz R, Markiewicz B, Wojtkiewicz R … +2 more , Jędrzejczyk M, Berent J
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28144929 · Publisher ↗
A population data obtained on the basis of sample of 1000 unrelated individuals of Polish ancestry living in Lodz region of Central Poland with use of fluorescent multiplex-PCR and capillary electrophoresis were presente...
A population data obtained on the basis of sample of 1000 unrelated individuals of Polish ancestry living in Lodz region of Central Poland with use of fluorescent multiplex-PCR and capillary electrophoresis were presented. Evaluation included 15 polymorphic loci DNA - STR from NGM multiplex-PCR set, ie. D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, FGA, TH01, vWA. The allele frequency distribution and crucial statistical parameters for the investigated markers and the whole set were calculated. The compliance of the studied population with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, independence of inheritance and high parameters of the usefulness in forensic genetics have been demonstrated. The interpopulation comparison performed by the "neighbor-joining" method as well as multidimensional scaling depicted the genetic distances dividing the examined Polish population from other populations of Poland, Europe and the world.
Estimation of postmortem interval using vitreous potassium levels in cases of fatal road traffic collision.
Foster SN, Smith PR, Biggs M … +3 more , Rutty GN, Hollingbury FE, Morley SR
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2016 · PMID 28144928 · Publisher ↗
AIM OF THE STUDY: To produce a formula that can accurately predict postmortem interval (PMI) based on vitreous potassium levels using road traffic collision fatalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Vitreous humour samples were...
AIM OF THE STUDY: To produce a formula that can accurately predict postmortem interval (PMI) based on vitreous potassium levels using road traffic collision fatalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Vitreous humour samples were taken from 78 individuals who had died following road traffic collisions between 2010 and 2015. Samples were obtained from both eyes and were sent for on-site analysis. Measurement of potassium was by an indirect ion-specific electrode Siemens diagnostics ADVIA 2400 chemistry system. Exact time of death was known from police reports, the time of postmortem was recorded and the postmortem interval was calculated. Linear regression was then used to analyse the relationship between the two. The impact of age was also assessed. RESULTS: PMI was between 6 and 162 hours. As vitreous potassium increases, the PMI also increases; exhibiting a linear relationship. This is illustrated by a regression equation of PMI = 6.42[K+] - 40.94, R = 0.67 (p < 0.001). This produced a formula closely comparable with three other studies proposed in previous literature and produces estimates that may exceed one calendar day. When both age and medical intervention are accounted for there is an insignificant improvement in prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Validated methods have been used to produce a formula for prediction of PMI using vitreous potassium. Although this is specific to road traffic collisions, the methods are transferable and can be seen to be comparable with other recently published methods. Nonetheless, if greater levels of accuracy are required it is suggested that biomarkers delivering a higher level of precision should still be sought.
The meaning and classification of tattoos in the context of their suitability to identify corpses of unknown identity.
Sadowski WA, Borowska-Solonynko AB
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 29663748 · Publisher ↗
AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the most popular types of tattoos, their meaning and classification, and to assess the suitability of different forms of tattoos in the process of identification of corpses of unknown identit...
AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the most popular types of tattoos, their meaning and classification, and to assess the suitability of different forms of tattoos in the process of identification of corpses of unknown identity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The tattoos found on 729 cadavers who underwent post mortem examinations at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Warsaw in the years 2012-2015 were analyzed. The tattoos were photographed and identified in terms of their meaning domain and classified into groups. RESULTS: Tattoos belonging to all groups were found, according to the most popular tattoo classification, which is based on their nature and includes: criminal and prison tattoos (defining the prison hierarchy, criminal profession as well as intentions and goals, erotic tattoos, environmental, penitentiary), military and artistic. The novel classification, focusing on the utility of certain kinds of tattoos for identyfying corpses of unknown identity, was also developed. According to the above mentioned classification the following kinds of tattoos are distinguished: individual (artistic), group (e.g. penitentiary - indicating the fact of being imprisoned in a penitentiary institution or belonging to a "prison kites" subculture, or presenting criminal profession; group confined tattoo (indicating a staying in a specific penitentiary institution), group tattoo with individual data (indicating the fact of staying in a penitentiary institution as well as dates of imprisonment), and others (e.g. names of relatives, military tattoo, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of individual types of tattoo can accelerate the process of identification of the cadavers. The proposed classification allows to quickly determine whether a particular tattoo can be helpful in initial individual identification (in the case of individual tattoos) or whether it can be used to reduce the group of people considered (in cases of different types of group tattoos).
Example of suicidal gunshot wound to the head with a blank actuated projectile shot from Keseru-type revolver as an example of danger connected with use of firearms replicas that can be bought without license.
Trnka J, Golema WP
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol · 2017 · PMID 29663747 · Publisher ↗
In January 2011 a body of 56-year old man was sent to Wrocław Forensic Medicine Department. He was supposed to shoot himself with a noisemaker revolver. During the forensic autopsy a wound to the right temporal area was...
In January 2011 a body of 56-year old man was sent to Wrocław Forensic Medicine Department. He was supposed to shoot himself with a noisemaker revolver. During the forensic autopsy a wound to the right temporal area was found, furthermore a hole in right temporal bone and a gunshot wound canal leading from right to left, slightly to the back and up. A deformed, metallic, 5.5 mm BB shot was found in the canal. The revolver found alongside the body was also examined. It was capable of projecting rubber or metal BB shots actuated by a blank cartridge discharge. Test shots were measured in the chronograph (5.5 mm metal BB shots). Peak initial velocity of the projectile reached around 120 m/s. This revolver does not require any license to buy and own. It is also not necessary to register it. Authors highlight the dangers connected with the use of such firearms as well as not sufficient legal regulations concerning this type of weapons.
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