Massenburg BB, Birgfeld CB, Hing AV
… +1 more, Gallagher ER
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 May · PMID 41796464
·
Publisher ↗
Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital condition, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to comprehensive care is limited. While high-income countries offer standardized,...Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital condition, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to comprehensive care is limited. While high-income countries offer standardized, multidisciplinary care, LMICs face barriers such as workforce shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and funding gaps. Traditional short-term mission models are giving way to sustainable, partnership-based approaches that emphasize local capacity-building and interdisciplinary education. Addressing stigma, improving awareness, and fostering team-based care are essential for better outcomes. Achieving equity in cleft care globally requires integrating services into local health systems, securing long-term support, and advancing policy and training frameworks.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 May · PMID 41781295
·
Publisher ↗
Orthodontic treatment for patients with cleft lip and palate occurs in sequential stages. During infancy, pre-surgical infant orthodopedics may be used to improve the alignment of the cleft segments and increase nasal sy...Orthodontic treatment for patients with cleft lip and palate occurs in sequential stages. During infancy, pre-surgical infant orthodopedics may be used to improve the alignment of the cleft segments and increase nasal symmetry. During the mixed dentition, patients are followed closely to determine the timing for alveolar bone grafting surgery and the need for limited orthodontic intervention. Upon completion of craniofacial growth, the need for orthodontic therapy with or without orthognathic surgery is dependent on malocclusion, skeletal discrepancy, and asymmetry. Collaboration between a multidisciplinary team is paramount to enhance occlusion and surgical outcomes.
Sambath J, Achyutha S, George IA
… +4 more, Prabhash K, Limaye S, Kumar P, Kuriakose MA
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Aug · PMID 41723026
·
Publisher ↗
Gingivobuccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (GBMSCC) is a distinct head and neck cancer subtype strongly linked to areca nut and smokeless tobacco, often arising in a background of oral submucous fibrosis. Multiomics s...Gingivobuccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (GBMSCC) is a distinct head and neck cancer subtype strongly linked to areca nut and smokeless tobacco, often arising in a background of oral submucous fibrosis. Multiomics studies reveal recurrent mutations (TP53, FAT1, CASP8, PIK3CA, and AAM pathway genes), characteristic copy number alterations, and transcriptomic programs driven by extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune evasion. The tumor microenvironment is enriched with exhausted T cells, macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These insights support subsite-specific strategies incorporating targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemoprevention, and saliva-based biomarkers for early detection, prognostication, surveillance, and improved clinical outcomes in GBMSCC.
Thankappan K, Patel T, Menon LR
… +2 more, Balasubramanian D, Iyer S
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Aug · PMID 41720723
·
Publisher ↗
This article presents a comprehensive approach to reconstructing lateral gingivobuccal defects following oral cancer resection. The authors propose a novel six-tiered classification system based on anatomic depth and tis...This article presents a comprehensive approach to reconstructing lateral gingivobuccal defects following oral cancer resection. The authors propose a novel six-tiered classification system based on anatomic depth and tissue layers involved: Classes 1 to 3 address partial-thickness defects (mucosa ± muscle), progressing from no bone involvement (class 1) to marginal/upper alveolar (class 2), and segmental bone resection (class 3). Classes 4 to 6 address full-thickness defects (including skin), similarly progressing through no bone, marginal/upper alveolar, and segmental bone resection. The classification aims to standardize documentation, facilitate multicenter research, and guide flap selection.
Trivedi NP, Rathod RN, Upadhyay N
… +1 more, Baira P
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Aug · PMID 41708384
·
Publisher ↗
This article explores the etiopathogenesis and clinical spectrum of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), with a focus on 3 high-risk entities: leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Oral...This article explores the etiopathogenesis and clinical spectrum of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), with a focus on 3 high-risk entities: leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Oral cancer, predominantly squamous cell carcinoma, is strongly influenced by lifestyle habits such as tobacco use, betel nut chewing, and alcohol consumption. Leukoplakia, the most common OPMD, presents as a persistent white patch with variable potential for dysplasia. OSMF is a chronic, progressive fibrotic condition associated with areca nut use, leading to mucosal rigidity. The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, histopathological evaluation, management, and the reduction of oral cancer incidence.
Kumar Rai D, Sanyal S, Kumari A
… +1 more, Sharan R
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Aug · PMID 41679997
·
Publisher ↗
Gingivobuccal malignancies involve structures essential for speech, swallowing, and facial contour. The management of these cancers requires a multidisciplinary approach, which is often associated with significant morbid...Gingivobuccal malignancies involve structures essential for speech, swallowing, and facial contour. The management of these cancers requires a multidisciplinary approach, which is often associated with significant morbidities. The most concerning complications are trismus, osteoradionecrosis, oral incompetence, hardware-related complications and xerostomia, all of which can profoundly impair the quality of life. Recent surgical and radiation technique advancements, along with consistent implementation of rehabilitative protocols, have improved outcomes leading to better quality of life. This article focuses on the mechanisms behind treatment-related delayed complications in gingivobuccal cancer, emphasizing key surgical tips along with preventive and rehabilitative measures aimed at optimizing patient outcomes.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 May · PMID 41679996
·
Publisher ↗
This article outlines a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for the care of children with cleft lip and/or palate, spanning prenatal diagnosis through adolescence. It details coordinated roles of surgical, medical, dental...This article outlines a multidisciplinary clinical pathway for the care of children with cleft lip and/or palate, spanning prenatal diagnosis through adolescence. It details coordinated roles of surgical, medical, dental, and allied health providers; emphasizes standardized protocols for cleft lip, palate, and alveolar repair; and highlights strategies for quality improvement and pathway maintenance. Key considerations include perioperative best practices, speech and hearing management, genetic evaluation, and psychosocial support to ensure optimal long-term functional, esthetic, and mental health outcomes.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Aug · PMID 41679995
·
Publisher ↗
The gingivobuccal space is a subsite of the oral cavity with strict anatomic boundaries. Although squamous cell carcinoma related to tobacco use is the most common malignant tumor occurring in this area, minor salivary g...The gingivobuccal space is a subsite of the oral cavity with strict anatomic boundaries. Although squamous cell carcinoma related to tobacco use is the most common malignant tumor occurring in this area, minor salivary gland tumors and sarcomas can also occur. Malignant lesions of this space have a less favorable prognosis than other subsites of the oral cavity. Tumors arising within the gingivobuccal space have unique patterns of invasion of adjacent anatomy, submucosal spread, invasion of the infratemporal fossa and skull base, perineural spread, and nodal metastasis. Appropriate treatment requires accurate staging utilizing physical examination findings and imaging.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2025 Nov · PMID 41203341
·
Publisher ↗
Dr James Q. Swift reflects on his extensive journey through leadership in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), tracing his development from early student government roles to national and international prominence. He emp...Dr James Q. Swift reflects on his extensive journey through leadership in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), tracing his development from early student government roles to national and international prominence. He emphasizes that leadership in the specialty begins with active participation and is nurtured through consistent dedication, humility, and collaboration. He recounts the trials and rewards of rising through academia and organized dentistry, including testimony before Congress and board service in malpractice defense. The article serves as a motivational guide for younger OMS professionals, encouraging early involvement, sustained effort, and ethical commitment to elevate both the profession and the communities.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107093
·
Publisher ↗
The imaging anatomy of the vascular structures in the head and neck can be highly variable. Interpretation of head and neck imaging, therefore, requires knowledge of the normal and variant vascular anatomy. This article...The imaging anatomy of the vascular structures in the head and neck can be highly variable. Interpretation of head and neck imaging, therefore, requires knowledge of the normal and variant vascular anatomy. This article reviews the anatomy of the vascular structures of the extracranial head and neck as they appear on CT and MR imaging.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107092
·
Publisher ↗
The lymphatic system in the head and neck includes superficial nodes around the head, superficial cervical nodes along the external jugular vein, and deep cervical nodes along the internal jugular vein, spinal accessory...The lymphatic system in the head and neck includes superficial nodes around the head, superficial cervical nodes along the external jugular vein, and deep cervical nodes along the internal jugular vein, spinal accessory nerve, and transverse cervical artery, as well as nodes in the retropharyngeal space. This article reviews cervical lymph node anatomy and drainage patterns and summarizes the diagnostic criteria for pathologic nodes.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107091
·
Publisher ↗
Cervical spine anatomy is complex with multiple anatomic variants that can be mistaken for pathology, especially in the setting of trauma. This article provides a comprehensive anatomic overview, detailing the structure...Cervical spine anatomy is complex with multiple anatomic variants that can be mistaken for pathology, especially in the setting of trauma. This article provides a comprehensive anatomic overview, detailing the structure and function of cervical vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles; emphasizing the critical role these structures play in supporting the head, protecting the spinal cord, and enabling neck movement. Using a combination of diagrams and cross-sectional imaging, we will review clinically relevant anatomy, while emphasizing important anatomic variants. This article will serve as a critical reference for clinicians, aiding accurate diagnosis, effective treatment planning, and minimizing surgical risks.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107090
·
Publisher ↗
The masticatory system refers to a functional unit of structures that include bones, teeth, muscles, joints, and ligaments. These structural components are responsible for chewing, swallowing, and speaking. The masticato...The masticatory system refers to a functional unit of structures that include bones, teeth, muscles, joints, and ligaments. These structural components are responsible for chewing, swallowing, and speaking. The masticatory system is controlled by an intricate neurologic mechanism. This article reviews the imaging anatomy of the masticatory system with reference to its clinical relevance.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107089
·
Publisher ↗
Pseudolesions are normal variants or artifacts that can mimic pathology. Given the complex anatomy of the head and neck region, a thorough understanding of the underlying anatomic variations in this region is imperative...Pseudolesions are normal variants or artifacts that can mimic pathology. Given the complex anatomy of the head and neck region, a thorough understanding of the underlying anatomic variations in this region is imperative to avoid misinterpretation and unnecessary interventions. In this review article, we present a variety of pseudolesions in the head and neck region listed in a cephalocaudal sequence.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41107088
·
Publisher ↗
Three-dimensional imaging has become an essential tool in modern health care, enabling accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for a wide range of conditions. In particular, computed tomography (CT) and MRI stand out i...Three-dimensional imaging has become an essential tool in modern health care, enabling accurate diagnosis and treatment planning for a wide range of conditions. In particular, computed tomography (CT) and MRI stand out in providing detailed cross-sectional images of the human body. While both modalities serve critical roles in clinical practice, they rely on fundamentally different physical principles. This review explores the fundamental physics and image acquisition techniques of CT and MRI, including basic principles, technological advancements, advantages, and limitations.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 40998654
·
Publisher ↗
The temporal bone houses the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear structures, which are crucial for hearing and balance, as well as multiple critical structures associated with it including cranial nerves and vasculat...The temporal bone houses the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear structures, which are crucial for hearing and balance, as well as multiple critical structures associated with it including cranial nerves and vasculature. This review article serves to orientate and educate radiologists and clinicians of the key structures and their important spatial relationships within the temporal bone that are commonly encountered on imaging. A solid anatomic foundation facilitates thorough systematic interpretation of the temporal bone, aids in the formulation of differential diagnoses affecting the different sites and structures within it, and facilitates surgical planning.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 40976775
·
Publisher ↗
This article explores the anatomy of the infrahyoid neck spaces, which is defined by the layers of the deep cervical fascia, with a focus on their imaging characteristics, contents, and anatomic relationships. A space-ba...This article explores the anatomy of the infrahyoid neck spaces, which is defined by the layers of the deep cervical fascia, with a focus on their imaging characteristics, contents, and anatomic relationships. A space-based approach to differential diagnosis is presented to aid clinical decision-making and management. The article also addresses common anatomic variants and their clinical relevance to avoid diagnostic errors and surgical complications. In addition, the pathways connecting the infrahyoid neck to the superior mediastinum are discussed, highlighting their importance in the spread of disease and treatment planning.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2026 Feb · PMID 40976774
·
Publisher ↗
Owing to the complex anatomy, the appropriate selection of imaging modalities and interpretation of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and oral cavity demand a comprehensive knowledge of the anatomic relationships within and a...Owing to the complex anatomy, the appropriate selection of imaging modalities and interpretation of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and oral cavity demand a comprehensive knowledge of the anatomic relationships within and among these regions, common pathologies, and interpretative nuances critical for treatment planning. This article outlines the crucial anatomy on multimodality cross-sectional imaging, anatomic relationships that frame various pathologies of the region, and the associated anatomically grounded considerations essential for treatment planning.
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am
· 2025 Nov · PMID 40968006
·
Publisher ↗
An OMS working in an integrated-managed care organization is vastly different from working in a traditional private practice. This article explores the major differences that an OMS will encounter in such a practice. Are...An OMS working in an integrated-managed care organization is vastly different from working in a traditional private practice. This article explores the major differences that an OMS will encounter in such a practice. Areas covered include employment status, clinical practice, and practice management scope. Practicing in an integrated-managed care organization offers oral and maxillofacial surgeons structured-employment with salary, benefits, and potential leadership roles. The model supports comprehensive, team-based care with a defined scope influenced by insurance coverage. Surgeons may focus on specialized practice areas and engage in clinical research, depending on organizational priorities.