The Angle Orthodontist[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Early versus late intermaxillary elastics in patients with Class II malocclusion: a randomized clinical trial.
Sayed MS, Sadek MM, Abbas NH
Angle Orthod · 2025 Jul · PMID 41015414 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To compare efficacy and treatment duration of early versus late Class II elastics in patients with Class II malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients were randomized into two groups based on the timi...
OBJECTIVES: To compare efficacy and treatment duration of early versus late Class II elastics in patients with Class II malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients were randomized into two groups based on the timing of elastics use: early and late. In the early group, light short elastics were used from the day of placement of fixed preadjusted edgewise appliances. In the late group, elastics were inserted once 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel archwires were in place. Lateral cephalograms and standardized smile photographs were taken before treatment and after achieving a Class I buccal segment relationship. Treatment duration, dental, skeletal, and soft tissue measurements were then compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Maxillary central incisors were retroclined relative to the SN plane (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.75°-11.99° and 3.96°-9.18° in the early and late groups, respectively) with clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (95% CI: 3.75°-11.99° and 3.96°-9.18° in the early and late groups, respectively). Treatment duration to level and align and reach Class I buccal occlusion was significantly less in the early group (95% CI: 4.74-10.8 months). Comparison between groups revealed no significant differences for all measurements except MP/SN and PP/SN angles (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Class II elastics were equally effective and more efficient in the early group with significantly less time needed to level and align and reach Class I buccal occlusion compared to the late group.
Influence of social media on the choice of orthodontist and different types of orthodontic treatment.
Diniz AR, Oliveira DD, Abreu LG … +2 more , de Castro Ribeiro I, Grossmann SMC
Angle Orthod · 2025 Aug · PMID 41015413 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, from the perspective of patients, the influence of social media (SM) on the choice of orthodontist and the acceptance of orthodontic treatment (OT) proposed by a professional. MATERIALS AND METHO...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, from the perspective of patients, the influence of social media (SM) on the choice of orthodontist and the acceptance of orthodontic treatment (OT) proposed by a professional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that contained 17 items distributed across four sections. Individuals older than 18 years, who were treated or sought OT, and who had SM accounts were included. Data were collected via Google Forms using the snowball technique and subsequently analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Effect size (ES) was calculated (small, moderate, or large). RESULTS: Of the 206 participants, 148 were women (71.8%), and 58 were men (28.2%), with a mean age of 37.3 ± 15.0 years. The most used SM applications were WhatsApp (95.1%), Instagram (92.2%), YouTube (56.8%), and Facebook (30.1%). Women respondents 36 years old or younger who were single and had no higher education showed a significant difference in choosing a professional and accepting OT on all questionnaire items (P < 0.001). Among SM platforms, Instagram was the one used most often to choose a professional and OT modality as well as considered important for revealing the professional's academic training. By contrast, WhatsApp was the least used for before-and-after posts, while YouTube was seldom used to evaluate posted comments. For variables with significant differences, the ES ranged from moderate to large. CONCLUSIONS: SM, especially Instagram, can influence decision-making when choosing an orthodontist and accepting the recommendations for OT proposed by a professional.
Lip incompetence resolved by active vertical control in nonsurgical treatment of a protrusion case with vertical maxillary excess.
Liaw JJ, Park JH, Tsai FF … +2 more , Tsai BM, Liao WW
Angle Orthod · 2026 Feb · PMID 41015412 · Full text
In this case report, we present the treatment of a 28-year-old patient with lip incompetence and vertical maxillary excess (VME), using a combination of a midpalatal miniscrew-anchored cantilever clip appliance and subme...
In this case report, we present the treatment of a 28-year-old patient with lip incompetence and vertical maxillary excess (VME), using a combination of a midpalatal miniscrew-anchored cantilever clip appliance and submerged buccal shelf miniscrews. The patient exhibited a convex profile, long face, gummy smile, and protrusion, with a Class II skeletal relationship and mentalis strain. The patient declined conventional orthognathic surgery, leading to an orthodontic camouflage treatment plan involving extraction of four first premolars, maximum retraction, and active vertical control with skeletal anchorage devices. Treatment included the use of infrazygomatic crest miniscrews, anterior subapical miniscrews, and a cantilever clip appliance for molar intrusion, resulting in significant improvement in facial profile, reduction of gummy smile, resolution of lip incompetence, and alleviation of mentalis strain. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a nonsurgical orthodontic intervention in managing a complex case of VME and lip incompetence.
Transverse decompensation in surgery-first approach vs conventional orthognathic surgery in mandibular prognathism patients.
Lee KC, Xu H, Jeon HJ
Angle Orthod · 2025 Jul · PMID 41015411 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To investigate transverse treatment outcomes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with a surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFA) vs conventional orthognathic surgery (COS). MATERIALS AND...
OBJECTIVES: To investigate transverse treatment outcomes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with a surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFA) vs conventional orthognathic surgery (COS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 128 patients, divided into four groups of 32 based on the inclusion of presurgical treatment and extraction of the maxillary premolars: (1) COS with extraction, (2) COS without extraction, (3) SFA with extraction, and (4) SFA without extraction. CBCT scans were taken before and after treatment, with an additional scan after presurgical orthodontic treatment for the COS group only. The primary outcome variable was transverse decompensation, assessed through changes in maxillary and mandibular molar inclination and intermolar width. Predictor variables included treatment approach (SFA vs COS) and extraction status (extraction vs nonextraction). Transverse measurements were compared among the four groups throughout the treatment process. RESULTS: Maxillary molar inclination relative to the occlusal plane increased after treatment, whereas the mandibular molar inclination decreased after treatment, indicating transverse decompensation in the COS and SFA groups, and the extraction and nonextraction groups. There were no statistically significant differences in transverse changes between the COS and SFA groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the difference in transverse decompensation between the COS and SFA groups was not statistically significant, clinicians may still need to consider careful management of transverse decompensation during postsurgical treatment, particularly in SFA cases.
Influence of head positioning errors on the accuracy of fully automated artificial intelligence-based cephalometric software.
Polizzi A, Lo Giudice A, Conforte C … +2 more , Isola G, Leonardi R
Angle Orthod · 2025 Jul · PMID 41015410 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of three fully automated software systems compared to nonautomated cephalometric analysis software tested using cephalograms featuring correct and incorrect head positions. MATERIALS...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of three fully automated software systems compared to nonautomated cephalometric analysis software tested using cephalograms featuring correct and incorrect head positions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 40 lateral cephalograms retrieved retrospectively from a larger pool of pretreatment orthodontic records. Cephalograms were recruited and divided into correct head posture group (CHP) and incorrect head posture group (IHP). Cephalometric data were obtained by manual landmarking (Dolphin software), which served as a reference, and by fully automated AI software (WebCeph, Ceph Assistant, and AudaxCeph). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and paired t-tests were used for intragroup comparisons, whereas analysis of variance and post-hoc analysis were used to compare performance among artificial intelligence (AI) based software applications. RESULTS: The tested software exhibited a good level of consistency for angular measurements whereas linear measurements were more error-prone. AudaxCeph demonstrated the most consistent accuracy, achieving excellent agreement (ICC > 0.90) for several skeletal parameters; however, it failed in detecting soft tissue accurately. WebCeph and Ceph Assistant showed greater variability, especially for linear measurements (ICC < 0.50). Positional errors drastically reduced measurement accuracy, with linear parameters such as Go-Me showing the poorest agreement across all software. CONCLUSIONS: AI-based cephalometric software demonstrated variable accuracy depending on the cephalometric measurement, and this pattern was exacerbated under conditions involving positional errors in cephalograms. Accordingly, oversight by expert clinicians is still required to minimize marginal error.
Effect of clear aligners and Z-spring appliance on anterior crossbite correction and quality of life in the mixed dentition: a randomized clinical trial.
Gok BN, Gungor AY, Erken Gungor O
Angle Orthod · 2025 Aug · PMID 41015409 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of clear aligners and Z-spring (ZS) appliances in treating dental anterior crossbite (AC) during the mixed dentition period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (7-12 years) with An...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of clear aligners and Z-spring (ZS) appliances in treating dental anterior crossbite (AC) during the mixed dentition period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (7-12 years) with Angle Class I occlusion and isolated pseudo-Class III AC were randomly assigned to clear aligners (Group A, n = 15) or ZS appliances (Group B, n = 15). Outcomes were evaluated based on duration, cephalometric changes, model analysis, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), assessed using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form-19 (COHIP-SF-19). RESULTS: AC was successfully corrected in all patients. Treatment duration was significantly shorter in Group B (48.4 ± 27 days) than in Group A (96.3 ± 22.7 days) (P < .05). U1-NA angle increased by 5.9° and overjet by 4 mm in Group A; in Group B, U1-NA increased by 7.7° and overjet by 4.2 mm (P < .01). Intergroup cephalometric changes (ΔT1-T0) were not significant (P > .05). In Group A, incisal and gingival arch depths increased significantly (2.6 mm and 1.17 mm, respectively; P < .001), whereas no significant changes occurred in Group B (P > .05). COHIP-SF-19 scores were comparable (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Clear aligners and ZS appliances were effective in treating dental AC, achieving normal overjet relationships. However, ZS appliances may cause greater tipping, whereas clear aligners facilitate tipping, alignment, and bodily movement. Treatments demonstrated comparable effects on OHRQoL of children. This study provides a foundation for future research on different appliances for managing AC in the mixed dentition.
Three-dimensional changes of the mandibular arch after total arch distalization in skeletal Class III malocclusion.
Sreng Y, Lee JH, Nguyen T … +3 more , Lee KJ, Kim KH, Chung CJ
Angle Orthod · 2025 Jul · PMID 41015408 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To assess three-dimensional (3D) changes in tooth position, arch dimensions, and gingival levels after mandibular total arch distalization in skeletal Class III malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skeletal C...
OBJECTIVES: To assess three-dimensional (3D) changes in tooth position, arch dimensions, and gingival levels after mandibular total arch distalization in skeletal Class III malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Skeletal Class III patients treated with mandibular total arch distalization using interradicular temporary anchorage devices were analyzed using stepwise 3D superimposition and reorientation of serial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital casts (N = 19). After mandibular regional superimposition of pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCTs, the mandibles were segmented and merged with the corresponding digital casts, generating reoriented, superimposed T0 and T1 digital casts. Changes in individual tooth position, arch dimensions, occlusal plane, and clinical crown height (CCH) were measured. RESULTS: Mandibular teeth exhibited posterior movement ranging from 1.74 to 2.50 mm with significant lateral movement of the premolars and increase of inter-premolar width by 2.15-2.66 mm (P < .05). Extrusive movement of the entire dentition excluding the second molar was noted (P < .05), inducing changes of the occlusal plane. The overall changes in CCH were limited to -0.23 to 0.16 mm. CCH significantly increased in the premolars and decreased in the first molar (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a stepwise digital superimposition, mandibular total arch distalization induced complex 3D changes in the mandibular arch, including distalization, extrusion, and increase of interpremolar width. Gingival margins generally were maintained, though mild-to-moderate recession was suggested in around 20% of the premolars, which may require attention.
Orthodontic treatment and oral microbiota changes: a systematic review of oral dysbiosis revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis.
Di Nicolantonio S, Altamura S, Pietropaoli D … +2 more , Monaco A, Ortu E
Angle Orthod · 2025 Aug · PMID 41015407 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the changes in oral microbiota linked to orthodontic treatment by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 articles was included in the systematic review. The methodological...
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the changes in oral microbiota linked to orthodontic treatment by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 articles was included in the systematic review. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized studies and the Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies. RESULTS: Orthodontic appliances significantly influenced the composition of oral microbiota. Specifically, fixed orthodontic appliances were linked to an increase in periodontopathogenic bacteria associated with various systemic diseases. In contrast, transparent aligners correlated with an increase in Streptococcus species. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we evaluated the changes in oral microbiota associated with orthodontic treatment by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. Results revealed significant alterations in oral microbiota following orthodontic treatment; however, significant variability among studies prevents firm conclusions. Additional research is essential to clarify the effects on oral health.
Comparison of treatment stability among maxillary round multi-strand wire, chairside rectangular chain and vacuum formed retainers: a randomized clinical trial.
Al-Hudaid KN, Al-Nimri KS, Al-Qaqaa SM
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 41005762 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of three different maxillary retainers: round multi-strand stainless steel (SS), rectangular white gold-plated SS, and vacuum-formed (VF) retainers on treatment stability, retainer integ...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of three different maxillary retainers: round multi-strand stainless steel (SS), rectangular white gold-plated SS, and vacuum-formed (VF) retainers on treatment stability, retainer integrity, and gingival health over 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects who finished fixed orthodontic treatment and required orthodontic retainers in the upper arch were randomly divided into three groups. The first group (mean age: 21.0 years) received bonded three multi-strand round (0.0175-inch) SS retainer, the second group (mean age: 20.4 years) received bonded rectangular (0.038 × 0.016-inch) white gold-plated SS retainer, the third group (mean age: 20.0 years) received removable VF retainer. Bonded retainers were extended from lateral to lateral incisor while VF retainer was extended to the most distal molar. After 1 year, all subjects were recalled. The primary outcome was to assess relapse in upper labial segment alignment. The secondary outcome was to evaluate the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) of the upper labial segment teeth and retainer failure rate. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the average irregularity index (IRI), PI, and GI among the three groups (P = .667, P = .781, P = .487, respectively). Retainer failure rate was significantly higher in Group III (60.9%) compared to Group I (20.8%) and Group II (34.8%, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year, anterior tooth alignment stability and gingival health parameters were not different between bonded and VF retainers. However, the VF retainer exhibited a higher failure rate compared to bonded retainers.
Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence chatbots in orthodontic emergency scenarios: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Copilot, and Gemini.
Erdem B, Özcan M, Şar Ç
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 41005761 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of four AI chatbots, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Copilot, and Gemini, in response to orthodontic emergency scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty frequently asked questions...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of four AI chatbots, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Copilot, and Gemini, in response to orthodontic emergency scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty frequently asked questions related to orthodontic emergencies were posed to the chatbots. These questions were categorized as fixed orthodontic treatment, clear aligner treatment, eating and oral hygiene, pain and discomfort, general concerns, retention, and sports and travel. The responses were evaluated by three orthodontic experts using a five-point Likert scale, and statistical analysis was conducted to assess variations in accuracy across chatbots. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the chatbots. Gemini and ChatGPT-4.0 demonstrated the highest accuracy in response to orthodontic emergencies, followed by Copilot, whereas ChatGPT-3.5 had the lowest accuracy scores. Additionally, the "Fixed Orthodontic Treatment" category showed a statistically significant difference (P = .043), with Gemini outperforming the other chatbots in this category. However, no statistically significant differences were found in other categories. CONCLUSIONS: AI chatbots show potential in providing immediate assistance for orthodontic emergencies, but their accuracy varies across different models and question categories.
Relationship between buccal osteotomy angulation and asymmetric expansion in surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a finite element analysis.
Lin JH, Wu GL, Chiu CK … +7 more , Wang S, Boucher N, Chung CH, Chamberland S, Musich DR, Le AD, Li C
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 41005760 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of buccal osteotomy angulation on surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A finite element analysis (FEA) model of the maxilla with Haas...
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of buccal osteotomy angulation on surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A finite element analysis (FEA) model of the maxilla with Haas expander was constructed from a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image using Mimics, Geomagic, and solidWorks software. One-mm-thick buccal osteotomies were created with different combinations of 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30° from the horizontal plane to simulate differences in bilateral osteotomy angulation. Springs were placed at the buccal osteotomy gaps to mimic the strain of the bone callus. After applying 150 Newton of expansion force at the level of the expander jackscrew in each FEA scenario, the expansion pattern of the hemimaxillae was evaluated in Ansys software. RESULTS: Scenarios with 20° (0-20°; 10-30°) and 30° (0-30°) differences resulted in significant transverse asymmetric expansion. Among the groups with 10° difference, 0-10° resulted in relatively parallel expansion, while 10-20° and 20-30° experienced V-shaped expansion with more anterior widening. CONCLUSIONS: A larger difference between the angulations of the left and right buccal osteotomies resulted in increased asymmetry in both the transverse and vertical dimensions after expansion.
Orthodontic management of a patient with an impacted maxillary canine associated with severe palatal root dilaceration of the adjacent first premolar.
Silva LKA, Prado R, Miranda T … +2 more , Carvalho FAR, Almeida RCC
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 41005759 · Full text
The incidence of maxillary canine impaction is estimated at approximately 1.7% of the population and is multifactorial in etiology. Several case reports suggest a potential relationship between canine impaction and root...
The incidence of maxillary canine impaction is estimated at approximately 1.7% of the population and is multifactorial in etiology. Several case reports suggest a potential relationship between canine impaction and root dilaceration of the adjacent premolar, indicating mechanical interference due to their proximity. In such cases, when avoiding tooth extractions is desired, it is crucial to consider specific clinical approaches to prevent contact with the dilacerated root during traction. This case report describes traction of an impacted maxillary canine in a female patient resulting from severe palatal root dilaceration of the adjacent first premolar. The canine was surgically exposed and traction was initiated after endodontic therapy and root sectioning of the affected premolar. After 24 months of orthodontic treatment, the results were satisfactory, with adequate gingival contour, 2 mm overjet and overbite, and a Class I relationship of canines and molars. No apparent root resorption was observed, and bone structure was preserved. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental for the success of treatment in such cases, enabling achievement of a functionally and esthetically stable occlusion while avoiding tooth extractions.
Skeletal and nasal airflow changes in late adolescents and young adults after RPE vs MARPE: a randomized clinical trial.
Aras I, Walma DC, Olavarria O … +2 more , Othman E, Akyalcin S
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 41005758 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To compare differential changes in nasal patency and dentoskeletal morphology after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) vs hybrid miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty...
OBJECTIVES: To compare differential changes in nasal patency and dentoskeletal morphology after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) vs hybrid miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients presenting with bilateral crossbite were randomized into RPE or hybrid MARPE treatment groups. MARPE patients were treated using the two-point hyrax appliance and RPE patients were treated using the conventional hyrax appliance. Nasal patency was evaluated using rhinomanometry and dentoskeletal changes were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography images. RESULTS: The success of suture opening was 53% and 60% in the RPE (mean age: 17.36 ± 1.80) and MARPE groups (mean age: 18.52 ± 1.80), respectively. The MARPE group showed significantly increased nasal airflow and decreased nasal resistance during inspiration and expiration compared to the RPE group after 4 months of treatment. The RPE group demonstrated nonsignificant changes in the same parameters after 4 months. Although significant differences between groups were observed in nasal flow during inspiration and expiration for both nostrils, intergroup differences in nasal resistance were not significant (P > .05). The MARPE group exhibited greater expansion in nasal, maxillary basal, and alveolar widths compared to the RPE group. A more pronounced decrease in buccal bone thickness was observed in the RPE group. The buccal inclination of the first premolars and molars significantly increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although similar success rates for sutural opening were observed between MARPE and RPE, MARPE facilitated more pronounced changes in nasal patency and skeletal maxillary expansion compared to conventional RPE.
Clear aligners for Class II correction in growing patients: elastics vs mandibular advancement.
Patel E, Moon S, Suh H … +3 more , Chen J, Tai SK, Oh H
Angle Orthod · 2026 Feb · PMID 41005757 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of Class II correction in growing patients using clear aligners, with either elastics or mandibular advancement (MA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 66 g...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of Class II correction in growing patients using clear aligners, with either elastics or mandibular advancement (MA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 66 growing Class II patients: 45 patients treated with clear aligners (20 using Class II elastics and 25 with MA) and 21 untreated controls observed over a comparable time period. Nine cephalometric and three study cast measurements were evaluated initially (T1) and the end of treatment (T2) to assess skeletal and dental changes. RESULTS: The control group maintained a Class II molar relationship and overjet, whereas both treatment groups corrected to Class I. In the MA group, statistically significant skeletal changes from T1 to T2 were observed, including reduction in SNA (-1.09°) and ANB (-1.69°), in addition to dentoalveolar Class II correction. The elastic group showed no statistically significant changes in SNA and ANB compared to the control group. Linear regression revealed 5.28° of lower incisor proclination with Class II elastics, whereas lower incisor inclination was maintained with MA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Clear aligner treatment with Class II elastics and MA were effective for correcting Class II malocclusion in growing patients that would have otherwise been maintained without intervention. Although Class II correction was mainly due to dentoalveolar changes, a skeletal component was observed with MA treatment.
Alveolar bone defects influence rate of tooth movement.
Ritwiroon N, Suzuki B, Suzuki EY
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936634 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To examine how defects in alveolar bone affect movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography images from 26 patients: 15 females and 11 male...
OBJECTIVES: To examine how defects in alveolar bone affect movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography images from 26 patients: 15 females and 11 males, with a mean age of 21.5 years (SD ± 3.7 years), were used to evaluate the buccal alveolar bone on the maxillary canine. Maxillary canines (n = 52) were subsequently categorized into three groups: control or no bone defects (n = 17), fenestration (n = 20), and quasidefect (n = 15). Each canine was displaced distally for 16 weeks using nickel-titanium closed coil springs (50 g) and segmental archwire mechanics. The rate and amount of tooth movement were evaluated using superimposition of lateral cephalograms and three-dimensional digital dental models between before and after canine retraction. Rate of tooth movement was evaluated among different bone defect groups. RESULTS: Rate of movement was significantly decreased in the fenestration (0.87 ± 0.23 mm/mo) and quasidefect groups (0.62 ± 0.14 mm/mo) compared to the control group (1.17 ± 0.40 mm/mo). Also, 85% of all subjects exhibited an evident asymmetric pattern of tooth movement, and 77% of these subjects presented with unilateral bone defects. CONCLUSIONS: The type and existence of alveolar bone defects have a substantial effect on rate of tooth movement. Therefore, when conducting orthodontic tooth movement investigations and planning orthodontic treatment, it is important to consider the existence of alveolar bone defects.
Differences in the cooperation of teenagers for orthodontic treatment: Z Generation versus Y Generation.
Miron N, Shpack N, Joachim MV … +1 more , Laviv A
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936633 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To compare orthodontic treatment cooperation between Generation Y and Generation Z teenagers and evaluate influence of age on compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing...
OBJECTIVES: To compare orthodontic treatment cooperation between Generation Y and Generation Z teenagers and evaluate influence of age on compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing records of 124 patients (62 from each generation) treated at Tel Aviv University Dental School between 2007 and 2021. Patient cooperation was assessed through weighted noncompliance scores incorporating elastic or headgear wear, oral hygiene, appointment attendance, appliance breakage, and new caries development. Each noncompliance incident was weighted (1.0 point for major incidents, 0.5 for minor) and standardized by treatment duration. Multiple regression analysis accounted for age differences. RESULTS: Mean age differed significantly between Generation Y (15.5 ± 1.7 years) and Generation Z (13.1 ± 1.6 years; < .001). Initial noncooperation scores were similar (Generation Y: 36.8% ± 16.4%; Generation Z: 35.8% ± 15.8%; = .732). After age adjustment, regression analysis revealed significantly higher noncooperation in Generation Y (B = 8.29; = .014). Age independently influenced cooperation, with each year increase associated with a 3% decrease in noncooperation scores (B = -3.04; < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Generation Z teenagers exhibited better orthodontic treatment cooperation than Generation Y after age adjustment. Age independently predicted cooperation, with older teenagers showing better compliance regardless of generation. Treatment planning should consider both generational differences and individual patient factors when selecting compliance-dependent treatment options.
Erratum.
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936632 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2319/012007-29.1.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2319/012007-29.1.].
Changes in glenoid fossa of adult female patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion during premolar extraction treatment and mini-implant anchorage: a cone-beam computed tomography study.
Fan XC, Ma LS, Rausch MA … +5 more , Chen L, Zhang Q, Singh D, Rausch-Fan X, Huang XF
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936631 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in glenoid fossa morphology before, during, and after orthodontic treatment with extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four cone-beam computed tomograms from 28 adult female patients...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in glenoid fossa morphology before, during, and after orthodontic treatment with extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four cone-beam computed tomograms from 28 adult female patients with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion, who underwent orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction and mini-implant insertion, were collected at three time points: before treatment (T0), during treatment (just before extraction space closure, T1), and after treatment (T2). Changes in the morphology of the glenoid fossa and the relationship of the anterior teeth among T0, T1, and T2 were recorded. RESULTS: Inclination of the articular eminence (AEI-BFL and AEI-TRL) increased from T1 to T2 and from T0 to T2, whereas the width of the glenoid fossa (GFW) decreased from T1 to T2 and from T0 to T2. Changes in depth of the glenoid fossa (GFD) and the ratio of GFW to GFD were observed only in T0-T2. The height of the articular eminence (AEH) showed no significant differences among the three time points. Except for incisor overbite, which decreased from T0 to T1 and then to T2, all other dental parameters showed differences only in T1-T2 and T0-T2. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment with extractions can induce adaptive morphological changes in the glenoid fossa, primarily during the stage of extraction space closure. These changes are mainly characterized by a steeper AEI and a reduction in GFW.
Predictability of mesiodistal movement of upper and lower molars with clear aligners: a systematic review.
García-Marín C, Otero-Pregigueiro A, Iglesias-Linares A
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936630 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To analyze and summarize the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical predictability of mesiodistal movements of upper and lower molars in patients treated with clear aligners without auxiliary aid....
OBJECTIVES: To analyze and summarize the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical predictability of mesiodistal movements of upper and lower molars in patients treated with clear aligners without auxiliary aid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357639). Databases were searched up to September 2024. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated qualitatively using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: 919 articles were identified, and six prospective and retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly using the Invisalign system. Upper molar predictability was 61.1 ± 9.1% for movements ranging from 0.45 to 3.2 mm. Lower molar distalization showed lower predictability and molar mesial movement had median predictability rates of 85.6 ± 1.1%. Moderate to serious risk of bias and very low quality of evidence was found. CONCLUSIONS: Upper molar distalization using clear aligners appears to be predictable for distalization from 1.5 to 3.2 mm. Anchorage reinforcement or overcorrection should be considered when planning mesiodistal movements. Standardization of the measurement method is necessary to improve efficacy of these systems.
Can AI chatbots accurately provide information on orthodontic risks?
Fan Z, Lei J, Shi W … +3 more , Lin Y, Wang Q, Bao L
Angle Orthod · 2025 Sep · PMID 40936628 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in answering queries about potential orthodontic risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Answers to 20 frequently...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in answering queries about potential orthodontic risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Answers to 20 frequently asked questions about the potential risks of orthodontics were derived from daily consultations with experienced orthodontists and AI chatbots (ChatGPT 4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Gemini 1.5 Pro). The questions were repeated three times and submitted to the AI chatbots to assess the reliability of their answers. The answers from AI chatbots were scored using a modified Global Quality Scale (GQS). Low- and high-threshold validity tests were used to determine validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the consistency of the three responses to each of the 20 questions. RESULTS: In the low-threshold validity test, Gemini exhibited the highest overall performance. In the high-threshold validity test, Gemini also showed the highest overall effectiveness, but there was no significant difference observed among the three chatbots. All three chatbots demonstrated satisfactory levels of reliability, with Gemini having the highest consistency. CONCLUSIONS: AI chatbots have some potential in providing orthodontic risk information, but they must be used cautiously and further optimized to improve their effectiveness in clinical practice.
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