Asian Journal Of Sports Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Single vs. Multi-Joint Resistance Exercises: Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy.
Gentil P, Soares S, Bottaro M
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Jun · PMID 26446291 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Some authors suggest that single joint (SJ) exercises promote greater muscle hypertrophy because they are easier to be learned and therefore have less reliance on neural factors. On the other hand, some autho...
BACKGROUND: Some authors suggest that single joint (SJ) exercises promote greater muscle hypertrophy because they are easier to be learned and therefore have less reliance on neural factors. On the other hand, some authors recommend an emphasis on multi-joint (MJ) exercises for maximizing muscle strength, assuming that MJ exercises are more effective than SJ exercises because they enable a greater magnitude of weight to be lifted. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the effects of MJ vs. SJ exercises on muscle size and strength gains in untrained young men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine young men, without prior resistance training experience, were randomly divided into two groups. One group performed (n = 14) only MJ exercises involving the elbow flexors (lat. pull downs), while the other (n = 15) trained the elbow flexors muscles using only SJ exercises (biceps curls). Both groups trained twice a week for a period of ten weeks. The volunteers were evaluated for peak torque of elbow flexors (PT) in an isokinetic dynamometer and for muscle thickness (MT) by ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were significant increases in MT of 6.10% and 5.83% for MJ and SJ, respectively; and there were also significant increases in PT for MJ (10.40%) and SJ (11.87%). However, the results showed no difference between groups pre or post training for MT or PT. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that MJ and SJ exercises are equally effective for promoting increases in upper body muscle strength and size in untrained men. Therefore, the selection between SJ and MJ exercises should be based on individual and practical aspects, such as, equipment availability, movement specificity, individual preferences and time commitment.
Minimally invasive modified latarjet procedure in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability.
Ebrahimzadeh MH, Moradi A, Zarei AR
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883778 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in arthroscopic soft tissue repair and reconstruction for shoulder instability, Latarjet procedure is continuously a method of choice for many cases of unstable shoulders. OBJECTIVES:...
BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in arthroscopic soft tissue repair and reconstruction for shoulder instability, Latarjet procedure is continuously a method of choice for many cases of unstable shoulders. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical results of minimally invasive modified Latarjet technique in recurrent, traumatic anterior shoulder instability associated with obvious Hill-Sachs and Bankart lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2007 and 2013, 36 consequent patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability who underwent modified Latarjet operation were enrolled in this prospective study. The MRI studies revealed labrum detachment and Hill-Sachs lesion in all shoulders. For all patients, demographic and injury data were obtained and Constant Shoulder score, Rowe score, and UCLA scores were completed by related surgeon. Stability of the shoulder was assessed with the Jobe's relocation test preoperatively. The patients were followed up at two weeks, one month, three months, and six months from the date of the surgery and evaluated for probable complications. Above mentioned assessments were completed again at the time of the final follow-up. RESULTS: The average age of the enrolled patients was 24.6 (ranging from 18 to 33 years) and 35 patients out of the total of 36 patients were males. Motor-vehicle accidents were the major cause of the injuries (52%) with the average interval between the injury and operation of 3.1 ± 1.2 years (Ranging from 1 to 5 years). The average number of incidents of dislocations between the injury date and the surgery was 7.2 ± 2.1 (Ranging from 4 to 20). The average follow-up period was 37 months (Ranging from 12 to 65 months). All patients had Jobe's relocation test (Apprehension sign) pre-operatively and negative Jobe's relocation test post-operation. Significant improvements in functional scores were demonstrated postoperatively compared to preoperational assessment in all cases. Final follow up radiographs showed union of all the grafts and patients reported no incidents of re-dislocation during the follow-up period. One incidence of a superficial infection 2 weeks post operation was the only complication in this study. The infection was resolved with antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The Latarjet procedure demonstrated good or excellent short-term outcomes in management of patients with traumatic, recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a low level of post-operative complication risks.
Relationship between grip, pinch strengths and anthropometric variables, types of pitch throwing among Japanese high school baseball pitchers.
Tajika T, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto A … +7 more , Shitara H, Ichinose T, Shimoyama D, Okura C, Kanazawa S, Nagai A, Takagishi K
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883777 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Grip and pinch strength are crucially important attributes and standard parameters related to the functional integrity of the hand. It seems significant to investigate normative data for grip and pinch streng...
BACKGROUND: Grip and pinch strength are crucially important attributes and standard parameters related to the functional integrity of the hand. It seems significant to investigate normative data for grip and pinch strength of baseball players to evaluate their performance and condition. Nevertheless, few reports have explained the association between grip and pinch strength and anthropometric variables and types of pitch throwing for baseball pitchers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate clinical normative data for grip and tip, key, palmar pinch strength and to assess the relationship between these data and anthropometric variables and types of pitch throwing among Japanese high-school baseball pitchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred-thirty three healthy high school baseball pitchers were examined and had completed a self-administered questionnaire including items related to age, hand dominance, throwing ratio of type of pitch. A digital dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and a pinch gauge to measure tip, key and palmer pinch in both dominant and nondominant side. Body composition was measured by the multi frequency segmental body composition analyzer. RESULTS: Grip strength and tip and palmer pinch strength in dominant side were statistically greater than them in nondominant side (P < 0.05). There were significant associations between grip strength and height (r = 0.33, P < 0.001), body mass (r = 0.50, P < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.37, P < 0.001), muscle mass of upper extremity (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), fat free mass (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.22, P < 0.05) in dominant side. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that fat free mass and tip, palmer, key pinch strength were predictors of grip strength in dominant side. No statistical significant correlations were found between the throwing ratio of types of pitches thrown and grip strength and tip, key, palmar pinch strength. CONCLUSIONS: Our result provides normative values and evidences for grip and pinch strengths in high school baseball pitchers.
Exercise-induced oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants.
Yavari A, Javadi M, Mirmiran P … +1 more , Bahadoran Z
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883776 · Full text
CONTEXT: Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during physical exercise, exercise induced oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation is interesting and controversial concepts that have been conside...
CONTEXT: Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during physical exercise, exercise induced oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation is interesting and controversial concepts that have been considered during the past decades. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: In this review, we aimed to summarize current evidence in relation to antioxidant supplementation outcomes during exercise and physical activity. For this aim, we obtained relevant articles through searches of the Medline and PubMed databases between 1980 to 2013. Although major studies have indicated that antioxidants could attenuate biomarkers of exercise-induced oxidative stress and the use of antioxidant supplement is a common phenomenon among athletes and physically active people, there are some doubts regarding the benefits of these. RESULTS: It seems that the best recommendations regarding antioxidants and exercise are having a balanced diet rich in natural antioxidants and phytochemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of various fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and beans, sprouts and seeds is an effective and safe way to meet all antioxidant requirements in physically active persons and athletes.
Physical Fitness Attributes of Team-Handball Players are Related to Playing Position and Performance Level.
Massuca L, Branco B, Miarka B … +1 more , Fragoso I
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883775 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Investigations have reported differences amongst player position groups in elite team-Handball (HB) players. Nevertheless, studies with normative physical fitness data of the HB playing positions at more than...
BACKGROUND: Investigations have reported differences amongst player position groups in elite team-Handball (HB) players. Nevertheless, studies with normative physical fitness data of the HB playing positions at more than two different levels of male HB players have not been reported yet. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed: 1) to describe and compare the physical fitness (PF) attributes of male HB players in different playing positions, and 2) to determine which combination of PF measures best discriminate the performance level groups in each one of the individual HB playing position groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one male HB players participated in this study. The participants were divided into five playing position groups: 1) Goalkeeper (GK, n = 24), 2) Wing (W, n = 48), 3) Back left/right (BLR, n = 38), 4) Back center (BC, n = 29), 5) Pivot (Pi, n = 22), complementarily, performance level was recorded for each participant according to the national HB association, i.e. 1) Top Elite, 2) Moderate Elite, 3) Sub-Elite or, 4) Moderately Trained. Stature and body mass measures were taken from each HB player, and six fitness tests were performed (30 -m sprint, handgrip, vertical jumps-SJ and CMJ, sit-ups, and Yo-Yo IE2). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between HB playing position groups in body size, speed, and lower limb power and handgrip strength. Nevertheless, 1) the performance in Yo-Yo IE2 was the best measure to discriminate the performance level groups when considering the HB goalkeeper group, HB center back group, and HB pivot group; 2) the average leg power (in squat jump) and the number of executions in sit up test successfully discriminated HB wing performance level groups; and, 3) Stature, countermovement jump height and the position in the Yo-Yo IE2, successfully discriminated HB left/right back performance level groups. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that HB players profile, 1) differs according to HB playing position group, and, 2) for the same playing position group, it differs according to HB performance level. This study also demonstrated the influence of aerobic capacity for HB excellence, and according to playing positions.
Acute effects of loaded whole body vibration training on performance.
Pojskic H, Pagaduan J, Uzicanin E … +3 more , Babajic F, Muratovic M, Tomljanovic M
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883774 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The application of whole body vibration (WBV) as a warm-up scheme has been receiving an increasing interest among practitioners. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of loaded and unl...
BACKGROUND: The application of whole body vibration (WBV) as a warm-up scheme has been receiving an increasing interest among practitioners. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of loaded and unloaded WBV on countermovement jump, speed and agility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one healthy male college football players (age: 20.14 ± 1.65 years; body height: 179.9 ± 8.34 cm; body mass: 74.4 ± 13.0 kg; % body fat: 9.45 ± 4.8) underwent randomized controlled trials that involved standing in a half squat position (ST), ST with 30% of bodyweight (ST + 30%), whole body vibration at f = 50 Hz, A = 4 mm (WBV), and WBV with 30% bodyweight (WBV + 30% BW) after a standardized warm-up. Post measures of countermovement jump, 15-m sprint, and modified t-test were utilized for analyses. RESULTS: One way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the countermovement jump performance, F (3, 60 = 9.06, η2 = 2.21, P = 0.000. Post-hoc showed that WBV + 30% BW posted significant difference compared to (P = 0.008), ST + 30% BW (P = 0.000) and WBV (P = 0.000). There was also a significant difference in the sprint times among interventions, F (3, 60) = 23.0, η2 = 0.865, P = 0.000. Post hoc showed that WBV + 30% BW displayed significantly lower time values than ST (P = 0.000), ST + 30% BW (P = 0.000) and WBV (P = 0.000). Lastly, there was a significant difference in the agility performance across experimental conditions at F(2.01, 40.1) = 21.0, η2 = 0.954, P = 0.000. Post hoc demonstrated that WBV have lower times than ST (P = 0.013). Also, WBV + 30% BW posted lower times compared to ST (P = 0.000), ST + 30% (P = 0.000) and WBV (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Additional external load of 30% bodyweight under WBV posted superior gains in countermovement jump, speed and agility compared to unloaded WBV, loaded non-WBV and unloaded non-WBV interventions.
The role of ultrasound in diagnosis of the causes of low back pain: a review of the literature.
Heidari P, Farahbakhsh F, Rostami M … +2 more , Noormohammadpour P, Kordi R
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883773 · Full text
CONTEXT: Low back pain (LBP) is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions in the developed countries. It is a common problem causing disability and imposing a huge economic burden to individuals and state organ...
CONTEXT: Low back pain (LBP) is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions in the developed countries. It is a common problem causing disability and imposing a huge economic burden to individuals and state organizations. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis of the etiology of LBP. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The electronic databases included: PubMed (1950 to present), Ovid SP Medline (1950 to present) and ISI (1982 to present) and Google Scholar. In every search engine another search was performed using various permutations of the following keywords: ultrasonography, ultrasound imaging, low back pain, back muscles, paraspinal muscles, multifidus, transverse abdominis, muscle size, spinal canal, sacroiliac joint and spondylolisthesis. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in evaluation of patients with LBP; however, high costs, limited availability and contraindications for its use have restricted MRI utilization. In a quest for a less expensive and readily available tool to investigate LBP, clinicians and researchers found ultrasonography (US) as an alternative. In this review we discuss the US application in diagnosis of some common causes of non-specific chronic LBP. Discussed topics include evaluation of spinal canal diameter, paraspinal and transabdominal muscles, sacroiliac joint laxity, pregnancy related LBP, sacroiliitis, and spondylolisthesis using US in patients with LBP. CONCLUSIONS: While the first researches on employing ultrasound in diagnosis of patients with LBP had been focused on spinal canal diameter, recent studies have been mostly performed to evaluate the role of transabdominal and paraspinal muscles on core stability and thereby LBP occurrence. On the other side, Doppler ultrasonography has recently played an important role in objective measurement of joint laxity as a common etiology for LBP. Doppler imaging also in pregnant patients with LBP has been recommended as a safe and sensitive method. As conclusion, according to recent and most prestigious studies, focusing more on transabdominal muscle thickness can be considered as future approach in investigations.
Descriptive epidemiology of traumatic injuries in 18890 adults: a 5-year-study in a tertiary trauma center in iran.
Mehrpour SR, Nabian MH, Oryadi Zanjani L … +2 more , Foroughmand-Araabi MH, Shahryar Kamrani R
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883772 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Basic epidemiological data can provide estimates when discussing disease burden and in the planning and provision of healthcare strategies. There is little quantitative information in the literature regarding...
BACKGROUND: Basic epidemiological data can provide estimates when discussing disease burden and in the planning and provision of healthcare strategies. There is little quantitative information in the literature regarding prevalence of traumatic injuries from developing countries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current preliminary study was to reveal the prevalence and age and gender distribution of various traumatic injuries in a tertiary referral orthopedic hospital in Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective descriptive study, all traumatic injured patients attending the Orthopedic Trauma Unit of our center in a five year period were included. Demographic details, the cause of injury, injury classification and treatment were recorded. For each of the five-year age groups and each gender we calculated the numbers with fractures, dislocations, soft tissue injuries, ligamentous injuries and lacerations and derived average age and gender-specific prevalence as well as seasonal variations. RESULTS: A total of 18890 adults were admitted, 13870 (73.4%) males and 5020 (26.6%) females. There were 8204 (43.4%) fractures. The male fracture age distribution curve was unimodal and there was a detectable bimodal pattern in females. Under 65 years males are 3 times more likely to sustain a fracture than females which decreases to equal risk over the age of 65. The most common fracture site was distal radius/ulna (13.8%), followed by tibial diaphysis (8.8%), proximal femur (7.8%), finger phalanges (6.4%), metacarpals (6%) and metatarsals (5.9%). There were seasonal variations in fracture incidence with peaks in February, March and October. The least number of fractures occurred in June. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of traumatic injuries is higher among specific age groups with different patterns emerging for men and women. Thus, the descriptive epidemiology will provide useful information for treatment or injury prevention strategies, resource allocation, and training priorities.
Effect of exercise training on the quality of life and echocardiography parameter of systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized trial.
Hassanpour Dehkordi A, Khaledi Far A
Asian J Sports Med · 2015 Mar · PMID 25883771 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Ejection fraction promotion in heart failure patients reduces mortalities and limitations. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effect of exercise on ejection fraction of chronic heart failure patien...
BACKGROUND: Ejection fraction promotion in heart failure patients reduces mortalities and limitations. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effect of exercise on ejection fraction of chronic heart failure patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on patients with chronic heart failure. 66 patients were divided randomly into two experimental and control groups of 33 each. The subjects were male and female. The patients in experimental group followed an exercise program three sessions per week for 24 weeks. Echocardiography and quality of life questionnaire were used to gather data. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 through pair and independent t-test. RESULTS: The results indicated a significant difference in left ventricular diameter (LV-ESD, LV-EDD) and ejection fraction at the end of exercise program in experimental group and 24 weeks after in control group. There was a significant difference in quality of life in physical performance, activity limitation following physical problems, energy and fatigue, social performance, physical pain, and public health (P < 0.05 for all) between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise program increases ejection fraction and quality of life in chronic heart failure patients, associated with management of disease by health team.
Emergency Management of Dental Trauma among Physical Education Teachers of 2 Districts in Karnataka, India.
Bhandary S, Shetty S
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834709 · Full text
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Late care in marathon runs leading to exertional heat stroke with multiple organ failure.
Asserraji M, Benameur I, Maoujoud O … +3 more , El Kharras A, Hajbi H, Filali K
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834708
BACKGROUND: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is still a main cause of death in sport. Many of EHS complications could have been prevented if EHS had been recognized and treated early and properly. CASE PRESENTATION: We repor...
BACKGROUND: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is still a main cause of death in sport. Many of EHS complications could have been prevented if EHS had been recognized and treated early and properly. CASE PRESENTATION: We report an unusual case of multiple organ failure caused by EHS due to intensive sportive activities in a hot environment with lack of primary care. A 35-year-old healthy sportive man was admitted in our hospital because of muscle aches and weakness as well as dark urine three days after a six hour marathon run (Agadir Semi-Marathon) in a very sunny day. Patient developed rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure (ARF) requiring hemodialysis because of hyperkaliémia, azotémia and severe metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute liver failure. Unfortunately, after eight days of intensive care, the patient died from septic shock and multiple organ failure. CONCLUSION: This case reminds us that, despite the advancements of knowledge in the area of EHS prevention, recognition, and treatment, knowledge has not been translated into practice.
Surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon rupture (outcome assessment).
Guity M, Sharafat Vaziri A, Shafiei H … +1 more , Farhoud A
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834707
PURPOSE: Rupture of pectoralis major (PM) occurs most commonly as a result of an indirect mechanism associated with extensive tension on a maximally contracted muscle. Patients with PM tendon ruptures, classically presen...
PURPOSE: Rupture of pectoralis major (PM) occurs most commonly as a result of an indirect mechanism associated with extensive tension on a maximally contracted muscle. Patients with PM tendon ruptures, classically present a history of sudden severe pain in arm and shoulder at the time of injury. Treatment options vary from conservative to operative. In cases with total or near-total injuries, surgical treatment by anatomic repair is generally advised, since conservative treatment may lead to poor results. The present paper reports 24 cases of surgically-treated ruptured PM while assessing the results. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2010, 32 cases of unilaterally distal ruptured PM were surgically treated by the same surgeon and same technique, in two teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All cases were followed postoperatively by physical examination and functional criteria. RESULTS: Since eight of the cases were lost from follow up, 24 cases were followed for at least one year. According to modified Kakwani system, 6 of our patients (25%) rated as excellent, 15 cases(62.5%) rated as good, 2 cases (8.33%) rated as fair and 1 case (4.1%) rated as poor. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we see that 87.5% of the patients had good to excellent results, according to modified Kakwani classification, after one year of follow up. So it seems that surgical repair of the pectoralis major ruptures will help the patients to return to their previous activities more frequently and we believe, to achieve better functional outcome. Meticulous surgical technique and attention to rehabilitation program are more important than delay in surgery.
The effect of two-week L-carnitine supplementation on exercise -induced oxidative stress and muscle damage.
Parandak K, Arazi H, Khoshkhahesh F … +1 more , Nakhostin-Roohi B
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834706
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the effect of Two-week L-carnitine supplementation on known markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following acute bouts of exercise in active healthy young men. METHODS...
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the effect of Two-week L-carnitine supplementation on known markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following acute bouts of exercise in active healthy young men. METHODS: Twenty-one active healthy men volunteered for this study. Participants were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion into two groups: L-carnitine (C group; n=10) and placebo group (P group; n=11). They arrived at the laboratory after overnight fasting. A baseline blood sample was taken. Afterwards, subjects consumed either L-carnitine (2 capsules containing totally 2000 mg L-carnitine) or placebo (2 capsules containing totally 2000 mg lactose) daily for 14 days. On the day of the test, participants attended the athletics arena after overnight fasting. Then, participants were asked to run 14 km on the track at their highest ability. Blood samples were taken immediately, 2, and 24 hours after exercise. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as markers of muscle damage were measured. RESULTS: TAC increased significantly 14 days after supplementation and 24h after exercise in C group compared with P group (P<0.05). Serum MDA-TBARS, CK, and LDH were significantly lower 24h after exercise in C group compared with P group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that two-week daily oral supplementation of L-carnitine has alleviating effects on lipid peroxidation and muscle damage markers following an acute bout of exercise in active healthy young men.
Assessment of Correlation between Electrogoniometer Measurements and Sports-Specific Movement in Karate Elites.
Lotfian S, Cherati AS, Jamshidi A … +1 more , Sanjari MA
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834705
PURPOSE: To examine the intra-rater reliability of knee movement data in sagital plane obtained from electrogoniometer (EGM) in a basic, sport-specific task of karate. METHODS: A total of 23 elite karate athletes (13 fem...
PURPOSE: To examine the intra-rater reliability of knee movement data in sagital plane obtained from electrogoniometer (EGM) in a basic, sport-specific task of karate. METHODS: A total of 23 elite karate athletes (13 females and 10 males; mean age of 16.10±1.26 yrs) participated in this study. The task was defined as performing three consecutive Zenkutsu-dachi in two sessions. The used EGM was a twin axis of Biometrics company. EGM curves were plotted in MATLAB software separately. The indices of three points in the plots corresponding to extremes of flexion and extension of knee in the first dachi were determined. There was also another (forth) point which was not in extremes of movement. As it was repeated in all curves, it was perceived as a biomechanical event and was assessed. The phases of movement between the points were scaled between 0 to 100% of activity. RESULTS: Repeatability of the forth point index was assessed by intraclass correlation method. Intraclass correlation of the ratio in the first testing session was 0.666 and in second was 0.448. The interval between points were considered as phases of movement. After determining three phases of dachi, it was shown that these phases pertained a specific ratio of the total plot which were 48%, 36% and 16% of total respectively. CONCLUSION: Dachi could be divided into three distinct phases; each of them should constitute a specific percent of the total in an elite athlete.
Effects of Resistance versus Endurance Training on Plasma Lipocalin-2 in Young Men.
Moghadasi M, Mohammadi Domieh A
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834704
PURPOSE: Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) has been recognized as an adipocyte-derived acute phase protein that is positively correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The effects of resi...
PURPOSE: Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) has been recognized as an adipocyte-derived acute phase protein that is positively correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The effects of resistance and endurance training (RT vs. ET) on plasma lipocalin-2 are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of RT vs. ET on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. METHODS: Twenty nine healthy and sedentary young men (age, 21-29 years) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to RT group (n=9), ET group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The experimental groups performed either RT or ET, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The endurance training program included continuous running at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of maximal heart rate, while resistance training consisted of 2-4 sets of circuit weight training for 8 stations and at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of 1-RM in each station. RESULTS: No significant changes in the body mass, BMI, body fat percentage and WHR were found after the RT and ET. The results showed that Lcn2 decreased after RT and ET compared with the control group (P<0.05). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and insulin resistance determined by HOMA-IR, did not change in the RT and ET compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Lcn2 decreases after 8 weeks RT and ET, but this improvement was not accompanied by decreased hs-CRP and insulin resistance in healthy and sedentary young men.
Effects of recovery type after a kickboxing match on blood lactate and performance in anaerobic tests.
Ouergui I, Hammouda O, Chtourou H … +2 more , Gmada N, Franchini E
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834703
PURPOSE: To verify whether active recovery (AR) applied after a kickboxing match resulted in better performance in anaerobic tests when compared to passive recovery (PR). METHODS: Eighteen kickboxers volunteered to parti...
PURPOSE: To verify whether active recovery (AR) applied after a kickboxing match resulted in better performance in anaerobic tests when compared to passive recovery (PR). METHODS: Eighteen kickboxers volunteered to participate on a Kickboxing match preceded and followed by anaerobic tests: squat jump (SJ), the counter movement jump (CMJ) and the upper-body Wingate test. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were analyzed before and after rounds. The recovery sessions consisted of 10min at 50% of maximal aerobic speed or PR. BL was measured at 3, 5 and 10 min after the match, while HR, RPE and anaerobic power were assessed after the recovery period. RESULTS: BL, HR and RPE increased significantly (P<0.001) during the match. BL was lower (P<0.001) after AR compared to PR at 5 min and 10 min (e.g. AR: 8.94 ± 0.31 mmol.l(-1), PR: 10.98 ± 0.33 mmol.l(-1)). However, PR resulted in higher (P<0.05) upper-body mean power (4.65 ± 0.5 W.kg(-1)) compared to AR (4.09 ± 0.5 W.kg(-1)), while SJ and CMJ were not affected by the recovery type. CONCLUSION: The lactate removal was improved with AR when compared with PR, but AR did not improve subsequent performance.
Studying the Balance of the Coper and Non-Coper ACL-Deficient Knee Subjects.
Soltani N, Rahimi A, Naimi SS … +2 more , Khademi K, Saeedi H
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834702
PURPOSE: It seems that there is an association between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and stability of the knee. This study aimed to evaluate the balance condition of the injured and non-injured sides of the coper...
PURPOSE: It seems that there is an association between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and stability of the knee. This study aimed to evaluate the balance condition of the injured and non-injured sides of the coper and non-coper ACL-D (deficient) subjects during single and bilateral standing conditions. METHODS: This case-control study was carried out on 10 coper and 5 non-coper ACL-D knee subjects and 15 sex-age matched healthy subjects. A Zebris platform pedobarograph tool was used in this study. The subjects were tested barefoot during single and bilateral leg stance conditions. The outcome measurements included measurement of the center of pressure (COP) path line length, confidence ellipse area and sway velocity. RESULTS: In double leg stance, data analysis revealed that the COP path line length, confidence ellipse area and sway velocity all showed a significant increase in the injured leg of the non-coper ACL-D subjects when compared to the injured leg of the coper ACL-D and healthy subjects (P=0.002). During single leg stance, all of the parameters showed significant increase in the injured leg of both coper and non-copers of the ACL-D subjects relative to the healthy subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed a balance deficiency in the injured and apparently healthy leg of the non-coper and coper ACL-D knee subjects. Increased COP path line length, sway velocity and the coinfidence ellipse area clearly showed an impaired body balance. The reduced postural control of the non-coper ACL-D knee subjects in bilateral standing could be more evidence of their poor knee stability status.
Relationship of anthropometric and training characteristics with race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes.
Knechtle B
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Jun · PMID 25834701
A variety of anthropometric and training characteristics have been identified as predictor variables for race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes. Anthropometric characteristics such as skin-fold thickn...
A variety of anthropometric and training characteristics have been identified as predictor variables for race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes. Anthropometric characteristics such as skin-fold thicknesses, body fat, circumferences and length of limbs, body mass, body height, and body mass index were bi-variately related to race performance in endurance athletes such as swimmers in pools and in open water, in road and mountain bike cyclists, and in runners and triathletes over different distances. Additionally, training variables such as volume and speed were also bi-variately associated with race performance. Multi-variate regression analyses including anthropometric and training characteristics reduced the predictor variables mainly to body fat and speed during training units. Further multi-variate regression analyses including additionally the aspects of previous experience such as personal best times showed that mainly previous best time in shorter races were the most important predictors for ultra-endurance race times. Ultra-endurance athletes seemed to prepare differently for their races compared to endurance athletes where ultra-endurance athletes invested more time in training and completed more training kilometers at lower speed compared to endurance athletes. In conclusion, the most important predictor variables for ultra-endurance athletes were a fast personal best time in shorter races, a low body fat and a high speed during training units.
U.S. Cohort Differences in Body Composition Outcomes of a 6-Month Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Intervention: The ASUKI Step Study.
Walker JR, Soroush A, Ainsworth BE … +3 more , Belyea M, Swan PD, Yngve A
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Dec · PMID 25741423 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity (PA) enhances health and is an important factor in disease prevention and longevity. The 2008 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines recommends that all healthy adults attain at least 150...
BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity (PA) enhances health and is an important factor in disease prevention and longevity. The 2008 U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines recommends that all healthy adults attain at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity aerobic PA (e.g., brisk walking) to maintain and promote PA. OBJECTIVES: This study determined the effects of a 6-month pedometer-based worksite walking intervention with participants focusing on a goal of achieving 10,000 steps per day, on body composition in adults with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) values and compares the changes with outcomes of similar studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design was a single group, quasi-experimental study. All participants received a pedometer and were asked to register the daily number of steps. Men and women (n = 142; age = 41 ± 11.5 years; BMI = 27.2 ± 7.25 kg.m(-2)) received body composition measures at 1, 3, and 6 months. A multilevel growth modeling approach was used to explore change over time and to predict change by steps, age, gender, and fat category categorized as normal and overweight/obese. RESULTS: Significant individual differences in linear slopes and change over time were observed for waist circumference (WC) (-3.0 cm) only in unconditional model (t = -0.67, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A 3.0 cm loss in WC shows that a 10,000 step per day walking program has the potential to influence changes in body composition measures that are correlated with adverse health outcomes. While significant changes did occur there are some limitations. The analysis did not consider the data regarding completing of 10,000 steps per day and other potential factors that could influence the results. Compliance to the walking dose and initial physical activity and body composition levels are important to consider when studying body composition changes in such programs.
Lower back injuries in rowing national level compared to international level rowers.
Verrall G, Darcey A
Asian J Sports Med · 2014 Dec · PMID 25741422 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Rowing injuries are common, with lower back injuries having the highest incidence. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the major rowing injuries seen at a single high performance rowing sports program o...
BACKGROUND: Rowing injuries are common, with lower back injuries having the highest incidence. OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the major rowing injuries seen at a single high performance rowing sports program over a 5 years training period and establish if any relationship exists between these injuries and the level of competition that the rower is partaking in. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All rowers at the South Australian Sports Institute (SASI) programs were designated as being either international or national level rowers. Injuries that caused greater than 5 days training loss during any one training year were recorded. The number of lower back injuries and rib stress injuries causing training time loss were analysed to assess whether there was any association between the level of rower and the nature and type of injury causing training time loss. RESULTS: Forty-five national rowers (97 training years) had 15 lower back injuries compared to 12 international rowers 35 training years) with 1 lower back injury. Thus a national level rower was more likely to have a lower back injury compared to an international rower P = 0.05. In contrast an international level was more likely to have a rib stress fracture compared to a national rower P = 0.04. 21% of all injuries in this study were a consequence of cycling injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Lower back injuries are a significant cause of training time lost in rowers. These injuries are much more likely to occur in national level rowers when compared to international level rowers. In contrast rib stress injuries are associated with international compared to national level rowers.
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