BACKGROUND: Endoscopy-assisted breast conserving surgery (E-BCS) was developed over 10 years ago as a method for breast cancer treatment with the potential advantage of less noticeable scarring. However, the evidence sup...BACKGROUND: Endoscopy-assisted breast conserving surgery (E-BCS) was developed over 10 years ago as a method for breast cancer treatment with the potential advantage of less noticeable scarring. However, the evidence supporting its superiority over conventional breast conserving surgery (C-BCS) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the outcomes of E-BCS and C-BCS for the treatment of early breast cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive search for relevant articles was performed using specific keywords in Medline, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library PubMed up to October 17th, 2022. Clinical trials that compared E-BCS with C-BCS in early breast cancer patients were collected. RESULTS: Our analysis of nine studies revealed that E-BCS was associated with shorter incision length [Mean Difference (MD) -6.50 cm (95% CI -10.75, -2.26), p = 0.003, I2 = 99%] and higher cosmetic score [MD 2.69 (95% CI 1.46, 3.93), p < 0.0001, I2 = 93%] compared with C-BCS. However, E-BCS had a longer operation time [MD 35.95 min (95% CI 19.12, 52.78), p < 0.0001, I2 = 93%] and greater drainage volume [MD 62.91 mL (95% CI 2.55, 123.27), p = 0.04, I2 = 79%]. There was no significant difference in blood loss volume (p = 0.06), drainage duration (p = 0.28), postoperative complications (p = 0.69), or local recurrence (p = 0.59) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that E-BCS offers a shorter incision length and better cosmetic outcome compared with C-BCS in the treatment of early breast cancer. However, E-BCS requires a longer operation time and has greater drainage volume. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Lymphedema (LE) in a breast cancer patient usually results from axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and/or axillary radiotherapy. Although lymphatic obstruction and consequent LE can occur due to...Lymphedema (LE) in a breast cancer patient usually results from axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and/or axillary radiotherapy. Although lymphatic obstruction and consequent LE can occur due to axillary lymph node involvement, such presentation in breast cancer patients has rarely been reported. This report describes the case of a 50-year-old lady with right breast carcinoma who presented with right upper limb lymphedema. Surprisingly, she did not have any bulky axillary lymphadenopathy that could have accounted for lymphedema of the upper limb, but a suspicious breast mass was present on clinical examination. Diagnosis of breast cancer on clinical examination can be challenging in such patients due to breast edema and careful imaging of the breast and axilla with appropriate imaging tools (mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, PET mammography) should be resorted to before excluding malignancy. Lymphoscintigraphy confirmed the findings of lymphedema in the right upper limb and revealed uptake in the epitrochlear lymph nodes of the contralateral limb suggesting that she might had pre-existing widespread "subclinical lymphedema" which presented as "clinical lymphedema" in right upper limb after axillary lymph node/lymphatic involvement by right breast carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) and obesity are two closely associated pathologies with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Bilateral Breast Cancer (BBC) displays a low incidence rate within BC and obesity represent...BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) and obesity are two closely associated pathologies with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Bilateral Breast Cancer (BBC) displays a low incidence rate within BC and obesity represents a major risk factor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyzed BBC clinicopathological features distribution and determine the potential influence of obesity in BBC in these same features and overall survival. METHODS: Clinicopathological information was obtained from 42 cases of women with BBC diagnosed in IPO-Porto. To evaluate the frequency distribution of the clinicopathological data, a chi-square goodness of fit test was performed for BBC cases. A chi-square test of independence was applied for BMI stratification. Cox regression was performed for overall survival. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: Distribution of BBC clinicopathological features was found to be statistically significant in family history (p-value < 0.001), BBC type (p-value < 0.001), stage (p-value = 0.005), differentiation grade (p-value < 0.001), receptor expression (p-value < 0.001) and histological type (p-value = 0.031). In comparison to the statistical expected results, we observed an increased cases of absence of family history and less cases of metachronous BBC. Histological types between tumours of BBC were mostly concordant. All cases presented concordant receptor expression. Analysis stratified by BMI revealed that obese women were diagnosed later, although without statistical significance. All obese women presented poor differentiation grade (n = 6). Overweight patients display a tendency to a better overall survival with lower tumour stages and lower differentiation grades. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal the same receptor expression between contralateral tumours. Also, most tumours share the same histological type. When stratified by BMI, we observed a tendency for overweight women to have improved overall survival.
BACKGROUND: Amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amorphous and insoluble proteins in an abnormal fibrillary configuration. Mammary amyloidosis is an unusual and easily over...BACKGROUND: Amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amorphous and insoluble proteins in an abnormal fibrillary configuration. Mammary amyloidosis is an unusual and easily overlooked diagnosis with an ambivalent presentation that could mimic breast cancer. CASE REPORT: We here report the case of 60-year-old Caucasian woman who presented to our surgical oncology department for clinically and radiologically suspicious breast mass. A fine needle biopsy was irrelevant, so we performed a lumpectomy. Final histology revealed an amyloid deposit and further workup was consistent with nodular cutaneous and breast AL amyloidosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. CONCLUSION: Although rare, an awareness of the clinicopathologic characteristics of this easily overlooked entity is of great importance for breast surgeons.
INTRODUCTION: In breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy without reconstruction, an external breast prosthesis could aid patients' recovery, improve body image and confidence by helping to regain a symmetrical chest...INTRODUCTION: In breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy without reconstruction, an external breast prosthesis could aid patients' recovery, improve body image and confidence by helping to regain a symmetrical chest appearance when dressed. However, external breast prosthesis preferences among Asian breast cancer patients were not widely studied. We aimed to compare patients' experience with the conventional commercially manufactured standard-sized (small, medium, large, extra-large) bra and prosthesis versus customized hand-knitted external breast prosthesis with patient's bra after unilateral mastectomy at a tertiary hospital. This is the first such study in Asian women, to our knowledge. METHODS: In this prospective study, participants used the conventional bra-prosthesis followed by the customized one consecutively, each for at least 3 months before they were administered an identical questionnaire at 3 and 6 months respectively. The questionnaire assessed the patients' experience with the prosthesis on the aspects of comfort, body image and satisfaction etc. Patients were also invited for in-depth interviews. RESULTS: Of 155 eligible patients, 148 patients participated with a response rate of 95.5%. 99 (67%) participants preferred the customized prosthesis, while 38 (25.7%) did not. 11 (7.4%) participants were undecided. Seventeen participants underwent in-depth interviews until data saturation on major qualitative themes was achieved. More patients experienced excessive sweating (p < 0.0001), greater discomfort (p = 0.0195) and higher rates of prosthesis dislodgement (p = 0.0269) with the conventional bra-prosthesis. CONCLUSION: Customized external breast prostheses could be an alternative to the conventional ones for breast cancer patients with mastectomy, with additional benefits of less sweating, more comfort and less dislodgement perceived.
BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is incurable. Systemic therapy is the standard treatment; however, an optimal sequence of chemotherapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating effectiveness and safety o...BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is incurable. Systemic therapy is the standard treatment; however, an optimal sequence of chemotherapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating effectiveness and safety of eribulin in MBC treatment and comparing the results obtained with published literature. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study of patients with MBC treated with eribulin from 01/12/2015 to 30/10/2021. Effectiveness was analysed using Kaplan-Meier-survival-curves, for the overall number of patients treated and stratified by treatment line. Safety was measured according to adverse events (AE) based on CTCAE v5.0. Data analysis was performed using R v4.0.1. RESULTS: They were included in this study 53 women who received eribulin (median age 58 years). Comparison of median survival from this study versus published data were: progression-free-survival (PFS) 3 (IC95%: 3-4) versus 3.7 months and overall-survival (OS) 8 (IC95%: 3-4) versus 13.2 months for the overall number of patients. For the 1-3 line treatment group, PFS was 6 (IC95%: 3-NA) and OS was 15 (IC95%: 6-NA). There were 322 AEs, the most frequent being blood disorders 16% (52), general disorders 12% (38), and gastrointestinal disorders 12% (38). CONCLUSIONS: The median PFS was similar to that reported previously, with lower OS. There was a tendency to achieve better results when eribulin was used earlier. Eribulin is a less well-tolerated drug than published literature.
INTRODUCTION: Studies in recent years have shown that parental environmental experiences can affect their offspring's risk of breast cancer (BC). We assessed the effect of different paternal factors on BC risk in offspri...INTRODUCTION: Studies in recent years have shown that parental environmental experiences can affect their offspring's risk of breast cancer (BC). We assessed the effect of different paternal factors on BC risk in offspring by reviewing the existing literature. METHOD: This systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) method for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The primary keywords were searched in reliable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, SID, and Wiley in English until 31 December 2021. Two authors independently examined the articles in terms of inclusion criteria and quality assessment of the articles. RESULTS: Of the 438 studies, 19 met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review and were included in the study. Paternal factors investigated in these studies included age at delivery, diet, occupational exposures, occupation type and education. The reported relationships between these factors and breast cancer varied among different studies. CONCLUSION: Studies considered in this article show that fathers' age at the time of delivery of the child, dietary habits, overweight and occupational factors can affect the incidence of BC risk in the next generation.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, with an incidence of 6,41,000 cases annually. The genetic makeup of the individuals, ethnicity, geographical location, lifestyle, and BMI are some well-d...BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, with an incidence of 6,41,000 cases annually. The genetic makeup of the individuals, ethnicity, geographical location, lifestyle, and BMI are some well-described factors associated with breast cancer. It is well known that pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with a majority of hereditary breast cancer. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 80 germline susceptibility loci responsible for hereditary breast cancer. METHODS: In the present study, analysis of 94 genes associated with hereditary cancer was performed using next generation sequencing (NGS) in twelve patients having breast cancer and suspected with hereditary association. RESULTS: Four out of twelve (33%) patients harbored pathogenic mutation of the BRCA1 gene. Two patients was identified p. E23Vfs*17 mutation in BRCA1, one patient had p.Glu1580Gln in BRCA1, and a novel frameshift variant p.T1456Ifs*9(c.4367Cdel) in one patient. CONCLUSION: In the present study, out of four detected mutations in the BRCA1 gene, three were known and one was a novel BRCA1 mutation. It is advised to perform NGS-based genome sequencing to identify the genetic predisposition in breast cancer patients.
BACKGROUND: Hormonal receptor (HR) positive breast tumors are common. Adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) with tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) is beneficial depending on the stage of the tumor. Despite the fact that...BACKGROUND: Hormonal receptor (HR) positive breast tumors are common. Adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) with tamoxifen or Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) is beneficial depending on the stage of the tumor. Despite the fact that AHT has been shown to improve survival and recurrence, Dutch adherence rates, which were mostly dependent on Tamoxifen prescriptions until 2006, plummeted from 80% after one year to 50% after five years. Nonadherence with AHT reduces its effectiveness. This research presents more recent adherence statistics (from 2006 to 2016), on a larger sample (7,996 vs 1,451), as well as factors that influence AHT adherence. In addition to tamoxifen data, AIs are now included. OBJECTIVE: As low use of adjuvant endocrine therapy is a potentially important and modifiable risk factor for poor outcome, it is important to monitor the rate as an indicator of women's burden of disease and the direction of adherence trends. METHODS: The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) was used to find women with early-stage breast cancer who started AHT within a year of surgery and were linked to the PHARMO Database Network (n = 8,679). The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to measure AHT adherence five years after treatment was started, with a 60-day gap between refills as our primary outcome. Furthermore, the Medication Possession Rate (MPR) was determined using a cutoff of ≥80%. Analysis was performed on influential factors of adherence. RESULTS: The proportion of persistent women declined over time to reach 46.6% at the end of the fifth year and 53.3% of the women had a MPR ≥80% during the fifth year. Older and being diagnosed in 2006-2010 were associated with AHT adherence. CONCLUSION: Dutch 5-year AHT adherence appears to remain poor. Improving AHT adherence in HR+ breast cancer survivors is a critical medical need.
BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast lesions in women. They present as a unilateral mass and can rapidly enlarge in size through hormonal changes. Fibroadenomas could be classified as small or gian...BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast lesions in women. They present as a unilateral mass and can rapidly enlarge in size through hormonal changes. Fibroadenomas could be classified as small or giant, and as simple or complex. They are classified as 'giant' when the size exceeds 5 cm and/or weight 500 gram; and as 'complex' if one of the following characteristics is present: cysts with a size >3 mm, epithelial calcifications, sclerosing adenosis and papillary apocrine metaplasia. Giant fibroadenomas can cause compression of surrounding breast tissue or breast asymmetry, requiring surgical excision in order to preserve a normal breast shape. CASE: A 26-year-old pregnant woman was referred with a palpable mass of her right breast. The mass rapidly increased in size to a diameter of 13 cm during the second trimester of her pregnancy. A tru-cut biopsy confirmed a fibroadenoma. The rapid growth and compression of normal breast tissues indicated a lumpectomy during her pregnancy. The mass was easily excised without any consequences for the pregnancy. Pathological examination showed a complex giant fibroadenoma. CONCLUSION: A unique case of a pregnant woman with rapid progression of a fibroadenoma that met the criteria of a complex and giant fibroadenoma, was presented. This case emphasizes the importance of timely surgical intervention, even during pregnancy, to prevent permanent breast tissue damage.
INTRODUCTION: Desmoid fibroma (DF) is a disorder characterized by strong clonal proliferation of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts. We describe a case of DF that mimicked a breast tumor, along with a review of the literatur...INTRODUCTION: Desmoid fibroma (DF) is a disorder characterized by strong clonal proliferation of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts. We describe a case of DF that mimicked a breast tumor, along with a review of the literature on the clinical manifestation, diagnostic process, and course of therapy for this combative disease. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old female patient with breast lump at the junction of the upper quadrants of the left breast. After the diagnosis of DF, it was decided to perform a sectorectomy of the left breast associated with post-quadrant reconstruction, with immunohistochemistry and findings compatible with DF. DISCUSSION: Clinically manifests as a solid mass that is often painless and occasionally adherent to the chest wall. A treatment strategy should be idealized for each patient. Thus, there is the possibility of performing radical surgery for resection and/or radiotherapy, and surgery may be followed by radiotherapy.
ER-/PR+ is a controversial subtype and is not formally recognised as molecular subtype of breast carcinoma. Few studies concluded that this subtype does not exist and is due to technical errors, however, in contrast othe...ER-/PR+ is a controversial subtype and is not formally recognised as molecular subtype of breast carcinoma. Few studies concluded that this subtype does not exist and is due to technical errors, however, in contrast others consider it to be distinct entity with different response to therapy and clinical outcome. It is also essential to know whether this subtype shows any distinct histomorphological features or prognosis.Therefore, the present two cases of controversial subtype ER-/PR+ breast cancer is being reported with both the cases showing neuroendocrinal differentiation.
Gozalishvilli-Boncheva A, Gonzalez-Espinoza IR, Castro-Ponce A
… +24 more, Bravo-Gutiérrez OA, Juárez-Salazar G, Montes-de-Oca-Moreda RI, Aguirre-Flores E, Coyotl-Huexotl M, Orozco-Luis J, Chiquillo-Domínguez M, Garibay-Díaz JC, Aranda-Claussen JE, Ponce-de-León EA, Sánchez-Sosa S, Sabaté-Fernández M, García-Reyna JC, Cordero-Vargas C, González-Blanco MJ, Aguilar-Priego JM, Sánchez-Fernández NJ, Cortés-García CA, González-Lozada LE, Miguel-Cruz E, Ceja-Utrera FJ, Hernández-Garcia MS, Piña-Vazquez M, Aguilar-Jiménez C
Breast cancer is the most incidental and deadly neoplasm worldwide; in Mexico, very few epidemiologic reports have analyzed the pathological features and its impact on their clinical outcome. Here, we studied the relatio...Breast cancer is the most incidental and deadly neoplasm worldwide; in Mexico, very few epidemiologic reports have analyzed the pathological features and its impact on their clinical outcome. Here, we studied the relation between pathological features and the clinical presentation at diagnosis and their impact on the overall and progression-free survival of patients with breast cancer. For this purpose, we collected 199 clinical records of female patients, aged at least 18 years old (y/o), with breast cancer diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. We excluded patients with incomplete or conflicting clinical records. Afterward, we performed an analysis of overall and progression-free survival and associated risks. Our results showed an average age at diagnosis of 52 y/o (24-85), the most common features were: upper outer quadrant tumor (32%), invasive ductal carcinoma (76.8%), moderately differentiated (44.3%), early clinical stages (40.8%), asymptomatic patients (47.8%), luminal A subtype (47.8%). Median overall survival was not reached, but median progression-free survival was 32.2 months (29.75-34.64, CI 95%) associated risk were: clinical stage (p < 0.0001) symptomatic presentation (p = 0.009) and histologic grade (p = 0.02). Therefore, we concluded that symptom presence at diagnosis impacts progression-free survival, and palpable symptoms are related to an increased risk for mortality.
INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in young women is rare and not well studied. Since they do not qualify for mammographic screening, they are more likely to present with symptoms. Young women have also been a...INTRODUCTION: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in young women is rare and not well studied. Since they do not qualify for mammographic screening, they are more likely to present with symptoms. Young women have also been associated with poorer outcomes, but it is unknown whether presentation mode affects outcome. We aimed to compare characteristics of DCIS patients <40 years of age presenting with symptoms versus those without, and determine whether presentation mode affects recurrence. METHODS: Pure DCIS patients aged <40 years were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical presentation, pathology and recurrence data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation of presentation mode with outcomes. RESULTS: 40 patients with 41 cases were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 32.3 years (range 17-39). 73.2% and 26.8% presented with symptoms or abnormal imaging respectively. Of the cases who presented with symptoms, 86.7%, 10.0% and 3.3% had palpable lump, nipple discharge or breast pain, respectively. The average tumor size was 22.0 mm (range 2.0-86.9) and 12.2 mm (range 3-25) for patients who presented with symptoms and non-symptomatic group, respectively. Cases presenting with symptoms were statistically associated with higher grade (p = 0.0090). On median follow-up of 85 months, there were 3 (7.3%) recurrences, which were not statistically associated with presentation mode. CONCLUSION: Young women with DCIS tend to present with symptoms, with breast lump as the commonest symptom. Symptomatic patients tend to be associated with grade III tumours, compared to non-symptomatic patients. On long-term follow-up, mode of presentation was not statistically associated with recurrence.
This article is a cross-sectional study of 216 women undergoing adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer in two oncology centers in northern Morocco. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Functional Assessment o...This article is a cross-sectional study of 216 women undergoing adjuvant hormone therapy for breast cancer in two oncology centers in northern Morocco. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) questionnaire and its endocrine subscale (ES). The relationship between rural-urban status in our sample and QoL was assessed by linear regression analysis using sociodemographic and clinical variables as covariates. Our results show that physical and functional well-being are significantly (p < 0.001) higher in rural areas (24 and 29, respectively) than in urban areas (16 and 19, respectively), while social and emotional well-being are significantly (p < 0.001) higher in urban areas (22 and 21, respectively) than in rural areas (15 and 16, respectively). However, there was no significant difference (p = 0.097) between rural and urban breast cancer survivors regarding endocrine symptom burden. Regarding the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on overall HRQOL of breast cancer survivors, hormone type was shown to have a significant effect on overall HRQOL (FACT-ES) of rural and urban breast cancer survivors (𝛽 = +0.849 and 𝛽 = +0.678, respectively). A similar effect was observed for ES (𝛽 = +0.896 and 𝛽 = +0.180, respectively).In contrast, other factors (age, marital status, economic status, menopausal status, type of surgery) did not have a significant effect on HRQOL (FACT-ES) or ES.The study highlighted the need for increased psychosocial supportive care efforts for rural breast cancer survivors to improve their QoL.
Breast deformities caused by silicone injections affect aesthetic results and cause irreversible complications in patients. In the treatment, it is necessary to entirely remove silicone particles and infiltrated and fibr...Breast deformities caused by silicone injections affect aesthetic results and cause irreversible complications in patients. In the treatment, it is necessary to entirely remove silicone particles and infiltrated and fibrous breast tissues. The maximal preservation of healthy breast tissues is also critical. This report presents a case of severe breast deformities as complications 20 years after silicone injections at an unreputable aesthetic center. During the surgery, the authors separately removed fluid (silicone) masses and reconstructed mammary glandular tissues. Breast reconstruction was performed by the anchor breast lift along with the functional preservation of the nipple-areola complex and the superomedial pedicle. The surgery entirely addressed complications after injecting a large amount of silicone. 6 months postoperatively, the surgical outcomes were satisfactory. The surgical excision should be done to remove silicone-infiltrated tissues as much as possible before the reconstructive surgery. The combination of radical surgical excision and reconstructive surgery using the anchor breast lift as a single-stage procedure brought good aesthetic results.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most fatal type of cancer in women worldwide. Many chemotherapeutics targeted breast cancer however, they have frightening side effects. One method of controlling cancer cell growth is ta...BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most fatal type of cancer in women worldwide. Many chemotherapeutics targeted breast cancer however, they have frightening side effects. One method of controlling cancer cell growth is targeting apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by purifying L-asparaginase from human breast milk Lactobacillus reuteri isolates via inhibition of Caspases 8 and 9. METHODS: The best L. reuteri isolates producing L-asparagine with the highest enzyme activity were identified from human breast milk and chosen for L-asparaginase purification. The MTT cell viability assay used for measure the toxicity of the enzyme. Breast cancer cell line was used to study the effect of the enzyme on the caspase 8 and caspase 9 gene expression. RESULTS: The MTT cell viability assay showed the inhibition rates ranged between 30% and 80%, of cell death, occurred when 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of the enzyme used and IC50 was 4.305 μg/ml. The breast cell lines were treated with the enzyme at a concentration of IC50 value. The Cas8 and Cas9 genes expression in L-asparagine treated breast cancer cell line at a concentration of IC50 value were upregulated (the fold of gene expression are 2.071 and 1.197 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Breast milk L. reuteri L-asparaginase induces apoptosis via Cas8 and Cas9 upregulation in the breast cancer cell line. L. reuteri L-asparaginase treatment may be the hopeful approach for the management of breast cancer. Furthermore, the results may highlight the fact that the presence of L-asparaginase-producing L. reuteri isolates in human breast milk may aid in breast cancer improvement or even prevention.
BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy presenting only 1% of all breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical and pathological prognostic factors of MBC. METHODS: This is a retrospe...BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy presenting only 1% of all breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical and pathological prognostic factors of MBC. METHODS: This is a retrospective study including 32 men diagnosed and treated for a primary breast cancer at the department of medical oncology in Sfax between 2005 and 2020. RESULTS: The incidence of MBC was 1.3%. The median age of our patients was 55 years (range: 29-85 years). The average tumor size of 3.9 cm. Lymph nodes involvement was present in 18 cases (56.2%) with capsular rupture in 52% cases. Tumor was grade II in 71.8 % of cases. The expression of hormonal receptors was founded in 100% of cases. Two patients had an overexpression of HER2 (6.2%). There was no case of triple negative MBC. The OS at 5 and 10 years was 67.8% and 30.8% respectively. Prognostic factors were T4 (p = 0.015), involved nodes (p = 0.035), M+ (p = 0.01), SBR III (p = 0.0001) and HER2+++ (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Contrary to breast cancer in women, our study showed that Tunisian MBC have positive hormone receptors in all cases. Although the overexpression of HER2 was low (8.33%) and there was no case of triple negative MBC, the prognosis was poor because of T4 stage, involved nodes, SBR III and distant metastases.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a malignancy that occurs in cells in the breast tissue where cells in the breast divide and grow out of control, invade surrounding tissues, or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the bo...BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a malignancy that occurs in cells in the breast tissue where cells in the breast divide and grow out of control, invade surrounding tissues, or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. METHOD: This review was systematically carried out through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar websites in English and Indonesian using the keyword content of the article, obtaining 21 selected articles. This review demonstrates honey's promising mechanism of combined synergistic effect for breast cancer management. CONCLUSION: Antioxidants in honey intercept free radicals of phenolic compounds which are the main factors responsible for the antioxidant activity of honey. The antimicrobial activity in most honey is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide, and its anti-cancer properties are discussed in this section.
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women, with increasing incidence and death rates in recent years. Disruptions of different signaling pathways partially cause breast cancer. Hence, different...BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women, with increasing incidence and death rates in recent years. Disruptions of different signaling pathways partially cause breast cancer. Hence, different genes through particular pathways are involved in BC tumorigenesis. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the expression level of GLIS2 and CCND1 genes in 50 patients. Also, in-silico analyses were used to enrich related signaling pathways involving the mentioned genes. RESULTS: The results showed an increased expression level of Cyclin D1 and decreased expression level of GLIS2 in BC patients. Moreover, a relationship between aberrant expression levels of GLIS2 and CCND1 and BC development was determined. CONCLUSION: These observations could help uncover new therapeutic targets for treating patients with BC in the progressive stage.