Journal Of Lipids[JOURNAL]
Sun
194 papers
Lipoprotein(a) the Insurgent: A New Insight into the Structure, Function, Metabolism, Pathogenicity, and Medications Affecting Lipoprotein(a) Molecule.
Jawi MM, Frohlich J, Chan SY
J Lipids · 2020 · PMID 32099678 · Full text
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], aka "Lp little a", was discovered in the 1960s in the lab of the Norwegian physician Kåre Berg. Since then, we have greatly improved our knowledge of lipids and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lp(a)...
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], aka "Lp little a", was discovered in the 1960s in the lab of the Norwegian physician Kåre Berg. Since then, we have greatly improved our knowledge of lipids and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lp(a) is an enigmatic class of lipoprotein that is exclusively formed in the liver and comprises two main components, a single copy of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 (apo-B100) tethered to a single copy of a protein denoted as apolipoprotein(a) apo(a). Plasma levels of Lp(a) increase soon after birth to a steady concentration within a few months of life. In adults, Lp(a) levels range widely from <2 to 2500 mg/L. Evidence that elevated Lp(a) levels >300 mg/L contribute to CVD is significant. The improvement of isoform-independent assays, together with the insight from epidemiologic studies, meta-analyses, genome-wide association studies, and Mendelian randomization studies, has established Lp(a) as the single most common independent genetically inherited causal risk factor for CVD. This breakthrough elevated Lp(a) from a biomarker of atherosclerotic risk to a target of therapy. With the emergence of promising second-generation antisense therapy, we hope that we can answer the question of whether Lp(a) is ready for prime-time clinic use. In this review, we present an update on the metabolism, pathophysiology, and current/future medical interventions for high levels of Lp(a).
Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Undiagnosed Palestinian Men: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Ali I, Kharma A, Samara M … +4 more , Odeh S, Jaradat N, Zaid AN, Ahmad MAS
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31737369 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia is the most important modifiable risk factor that leads to cardiovascular diseases. The screening for dyslipidemia in Palestine is not established in primary health care centers for healthy peo...
INTRODUCTION: Dyslipidemia is the most important modifiable risk factor that leads to cardiovascular diseases. The screening for dyslipidemia in Palestine is not established in primary health care centers for healthy people. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among healthy undiagnosed adult men in Palestine in order to assess the need for screening and preventive programs for dyslipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 10 secondary schools at Nablus municipality (Palestine) from August 2017 to February 2018. The study included 140 teachers based on sample calculations. The age of participants ranged between 24 and 60 years. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data about the lifestyle, past medical, and family histories. Serum lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose levels for each participant were measured. Lipoprotein levels were categorized based on the adult treatment panel III criteria. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among Palestinian men was 66.4%. The most prevalent type of dyslipidemia was hypo HDL ( < 40 mg/dl, 59.3%), followed by hypertriglyceridemia ( ≥ 200 mg/dl, 20%). The prevalence of hyper LDL ( ≥ 160 mg/dl), hypercholesterolemia ( ≥ 240 mg/dl) was 8.5%, and 3.6%, respectively. About 15% of participants had glucose intolerance, and 4.3% had hyperglycemia (undiagnosed). Those with glucose intolerance, 13 (9.2%) have hypo HDL, while 9 (6.42%) have hypertriglyceridemia. On the other hand, out of hyperglycemic patients: 5 (3.5%) had hypo HDL, and 1 (0.7%) had hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSION: Around two-thirds of undiagnosed participants had at least one lipid abnormality. None of them were aware of having dyslipidemia. The prevalence of undiagnosed dyslipidemia was higher than the prevalence of undiagnosed glucose intolerance, and diabetes. This suggests that dyslipidemia plays a major role in developing diabetes. Hence, profound efforts should be done to manage and treat those with dyslipidemia, in order to prevent progression to type II diabetes mellitus.
Apolipoprotein E2 Genotype Is Associated with a 2-Fold Increase in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Long-Term Observational Study.
Santos-Ferreira C, Baptista R, Oliveira-Santos M … +3 more , Costa R, Pereira Moura J, Gonçalves L
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31485353 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, but its interaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) long-term incidence is unknown. We investigated the associat...
BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease, but its interaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) long-term incidence is unknown. We investigated the association between APOE genotype and long-term (i) CV events and (ii) T2DM incidence in a Southern European primary prevention cohort. METHODS: We assessed individual APOE genotypes in a total of 436 patients followed at a lipid clinic, with a 15-year median follow-up time. We collected data on major CV events (CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and T2DM development. RESULTS: No differences were found regarding major CV event incidence among the different APOE genotypes. However, after excluding 39 patients with a prior history of T2DM, APOE2 carriers displayed a higher incidence of T2DM during follow-up (42.2%) than APOE3 (27.1%) and APOE4 (28.7%) carriers. The age-, sex-, triglycerides-, and statin usage-adjusted OR for T2DM incidence in APOE2 carriers was 1.8 (95%CI 1.1-2.9, =0.03), compared with wild-type APOE3. To address the role of statins as a confounder, we analyzed T2DM incidence in statin-treated patients. Statin-treated APOE2 carriers also had a higher T2DM incidence (57.9%), in comparison with APOE3 homozygotes (31.6%) and APOE4 carriers (32.5%). After adjustment for confounding, APOE2 carriers on statins displayed a similar twofold increase in T2DM risk compared to APOE3 homozygotes (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.0, =0.03). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a twofold increase in T2DM incidence in APOE2 carriers. This may prompt for a specific glucose dysmetabolism follow-up that might be tailored on the APOE genotype.
Dietary Lipids in Health and Disease.
Amin KA, Homeida AM, El Mazoudy RH … +2 more , Hashim KS, Garelnabi M
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31355001 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Scavenger Receptor Class B Member 1 Independent Uptake of Transthyretin by Cultured Hepatocytes Is Regulated by High Density Lipoprotein.
Landers KA, d'Emden MC, Richard K
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31316837 · Full text
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is essential for the normal function of all cell types and is carried in serum bound to several proteins including transthyretin. Recently, evidence has emerged of alternate pathways for h...
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is essential for the normal function of all cell types and is carried in serum bound to several proteins including transthyretin. Recently, evidence has emerged of alternate pathways for hormone entry into cells that are dependent on hormone binding proteins. Transthyretin and transthyretin bound T4 are endocytosed by placental trophoblasts through the high-density lipoprotein receptor, Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1). High density lipoprotein (HDL) affects the expression and function of SR-B1 in trophoblast cells. SR-B1 is also expressed in hepatocytes and we sought to determine if hepatocyte SR-B1 was involved in transthyretin or transthyretin-T4 uptake and whether uptake was affected by HDL. Transthyretin and transthyretin-T4 uptake by hepatocytes is not dependent on SR-B1. HDL treatment reduced SR-B1 expression. However, pretreatment of hepatocytes with HDL increased uptake of transthyretin-T4. Knockdown of SR-B1 expression using siRNA also increased transthyretin-T4 uptake. Coaddition of HDL to transthyretin uptake experiments blocked both transthyretin and transthyretin-T4 uptake. Hepatocyte uptake of transthyretin-T4 uptake is influenced by, but is not dependent on, SR-B1 expression. HDL also decreases transthyretin-T4 uptake and therefore diet or drugs may interfere with this process. This suggests that multiple lipoprotein receptors may be involved in the regulation of uptake of transthyretin-T4 in a cell-type specific manner. Further study is required to understand this important process.
Acacia Senegal (Gum Arabic) Supplementation Modulate Lipid Profile and Ameliorated Dyslipidemia among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients.
Kaddam L, Fadl-Elmula I, Eisawi OA … +2 more , Abdelrazig HA, Saeed AM
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31316836 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited haemolytic anemia with a variable course and severity. Knowledge of prognostic biomarkers may help in the establishment of therapeutic intervention, management, and f...
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited haemolytic anemia with a variable course and severity. Knowledge of prognostic biomarkers may help in the establishment of therapeutic intervention, management, and follow-up of patients. There have been scattered reports of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased triglyceride (TG) in SCD patients. In addition, TG levels have been suggested to be elevated in patients with increased endothelial activation. An increased TG level has been associated with haemolysis, vascular dysfunction, and increased prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. Gum Arabic (GA) is an edible, dried, gummy exudate from the acacia Senegal tree. Several studies on GA ingestion have shown reduced plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations in both animals and humans. We investigated GA's therapeutic potential to modulate serum lipids in patients with sickle cell anemia. METHODS: This study recruited and documented secondary outcomes in 47 patients (aged 5-42 years) carrying hemoglobin SS. The patients received 30 g/day of GA for 12 weeks. Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL were measured before and after GA intake. Cobas C311 (Roche, Germany) automated chemistry analyser was used for direct determination of the values of the lipid profile. RESULTS: GA significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC), TG, and LDL ( = 0.006, 0.04, and 0.02, resp.). GA showed no effect on HDL level. Baseline serum TG and LDL correlated significantly with the hydrogen peroxide (HO) level, which is known as an oxidative stress marker ( = 0.003 and 0.04, resp.). None of the lipid profile elements correlated with age. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that dyslipidemia in sickle cell patients is associated with oxidative stress but not associated with age. The findings showed that GA significantly decreased TC, LDL, and TG levels, revealing a novel effect of GA, which is considered a natural dietary fibre that can modulate lipid profile in patients with sickle cell anemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This retrospective trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02467257 on 3 June, 2015.
Dyslipidemia Associated with Hypertension Increases the Risks for Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study in Harapan Kita Hospital, National Cardiovascular Center, Jakarta.
Ariyanti R, Besral B
J Lipids · 2019 · PMID 31183219 · Full text
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the main highlight of the major cardiovascular diseases. In Indonesia, CHD is the leading cause of death from all deaths, with rates reaching 26.4%, which is four times greater than cancer...
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the main highlight of the major cardiovascular diseases. In Indonesia, CHD is the leading cause of death from all deaths, with rates reaching 26.4%, which is four times greater than cancer mortality rates. This study aims to determine whether dyslipidemia associated with hypertension increases the risks for the incidence of CHD in Harapan Kita Hospital, National Cardiovascular Center, Jakarta, or does not. The study design was case control. The sample was 163 respondents, 82 respondents in the case group and 81 respondents in the control group. The data were analyzed by using logistic regression. In the CHD group, the percentage of respondents with dyslipidemia was 50%, while in the control group, the percentage of respondents with dyslipidemia was 17.3%. The relationship of dyslipidemia with the incidence of CHD differed according to hypertension status. After being controlled for age, in hypertensive respondents, those with dyslipidemia was 18.1 times more likely to develop CHD compared with those nondyslipidemic, whereas in nonhypertensive respondents, those with dyslipidemia was 2.5 times more likely to develop CHD compared with those nondyslipidemic. It is recommended that the community have medical checkup regularly and change lifestyles by taking healthy diet to control lipid profile and blood pressure.
Developing a Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein (M-LDL-C) Friedewald's Equation as a Substitute for Direct LDL-C Measure in a Ghanaian Population: A Comparative Study.
Ephraim RKD, Acheampong E, Swaray SM … +9 more , Odame Anto E, Agbodzakey H, Adoba P, Oppong Afranie B, Nsenbah Batu E, Adu P, Ahenkorah Fondjo L, Sakyi SA, Amoah B
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30693111 · Full text
Despite the availability of several homogenous LDL-C assays, calculated Friedewald's LDL-C equation remains the widely used formula in clinical practice. Several novel formulas developed in different populations have bee...
Despite the availability of several homogenous LDL-C assays, calculated Friedewald's LDL-C equation remains the widely used formula in clinical practice. Several novel formulas developed in different populations have been reported to outperform the Friedewald formula. This study validated the existing LDL-C formulas and derived a modified LDL-C formula specific to a Ghanaian population. In this comparative study, we recruited 1518 participants, derived a new modified Friedewald's LDL-C (M-LDL-C) equation, evaluated LDL-C by Friedewald's formula (F-LDL-C), Martin's formula (N-LDL-C), Anandaraja's formula (A-LDL-C), and compared them to direct measurement of LDL-C (D-LDL-C). The mean D-LDL-C (2.47±0.71 mmol/L) was significantly lower compared to F-LDL-C (2.76±1.05 mmol/L), N-LDL-C (2.74±1.04 mmol/L), A-LDL-C (2.99±1.02 mmol/L), and M-LDL-C (2.97±1.08 mmol/L) p < 0.001. There was a significantly positive correlation between D-LDL-C and A-LDL-C (r=0.658, p<0.0001), N-LDL-C (r=0.693, p<0.0001), and M-LDL-C (r=0.693, p<0.0001). M-LDL-c yielded a better diagnostic performance [(area under the curve (AUC)=0.81; sensitivity (SE) (60%) and specificity (SP) (88%)] followed by N-LDL-C [(AUC=0.81; SE (63%) and SP (85%)], F-LDL-C [(AUC=0.80; SE (63%) and SP (84%)], and A-LDL-C (AUC=0.77; SE (68%) and SP (78%)] using D-LDL-C as gold standard. Bland-Altman plots showed a definite agreement between means and differences of D-LDL-C and the calculated formulas with 95% of values lying within ±0.50 SD limits. The modified LDL-C (M-LDL-C) formula derived by this study yielded a better diagnostic accuracy compared to A-LDL-C and F-LDL-C equations and thus could serve as a substitute for D-LDL-C and F-LDL-C equations in the Ghanaian population.
Evaluation of Oil for Biodiesel Production: Land Use Oil Yield, Carbon, and Energy Balance.
Niehus X, Casas-Godoy L, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ … +1 more , Sandoval G
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30510804 · Full text
Oils from yeasts have emerged as a suitable alternative raw material to produce biodiesel, due to their similar composition to common raw materials such as vegetable oils. Additionally, they have the advantage of not com...
Oils from yeasts have emerged as a suitable alternative raw material to produce biodiesel, due to their similar composition to common raw materials such as vegetable oils. Additionally, they have the advantage of not competing with human or animal feed, and, furthermore, they do not compete for arable land. In this work, a carbon and energy balance was evaluated for as a model yeast, using crude glycerol from biodiesel as the only carbon source, which improves biodiesel overall yield by 6%. The process presented a positive energy balance. Feasibility of yeast oil as biodiesel substrate was also evaluated by determination of the lipid fatty acid profile and cetane number. Moreover, a comparison of oil yields, in terms of land use, between vegetable, microalgae, and yeast oils is also presented. The results showed that oil yield is considerably higher than vegetable oils (767 times) and microalgae (36 times).
The Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among Jordanians.
Abujbara M, Batieha A, Khader Y … +3 more , Jaddou H, El-Khateeb M, Ajlouni K
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30510803 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is one of the major modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes mellitus. Knowing the current prevalence of dyslipidemia is an important step for i...
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is one of the major modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes mellitus. Knowing the current prevalence of dyslipidemia is an important step for increasing awareness of the problem and for proper planning of health programs for prevention of its negative clinical effects. METHODS: A national population based household sample was selected from north, middle, and south regions of Jordan in 2017. A total sample of 4,056 aged between 18 and 90 years were included. Selected individuals were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL, and low HDL were 44.3%, 41.9% 75.9%, and 59.5%, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia in Jordan almost doubled from 23.0% in 1994 to 44.3% in 2017, and hypertriglyceridemia increased from 23.8% in 1994 to 41.9% in 2017. All lipid abnormalities decreased after the age of 60 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were all independently associated with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that dyslipidemia is a widely prevalent health problem among adult Jordanian population and that the problem has substantially increased since 1994. Encouraging healthy lifestyle and healthy diet are the basis for prevention of dyslipidemia.
Lipids and the Permeability and Antimicrobial Barriers of the Skin.
Wertz PW
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30245886 · Full text
The primary purpose of the epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates is to produce the stratum corneum, which serves as the interface between the organism and the environment. As such, the stratum corneum provides a permeabil...
The primary purpose of the epidermis of terrestrial vertebrates is to produce the stratum corneum, which serves as the interface between the organism and the environment. As such, the stratum corneum provides a permeability barrier which both limits water loss through the skin and provides a relatively tough permeability barrier. This provides for a degree of resistance to mechanical trauma and prevents or limits penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. The stratum corneum consists of an array of keratinized cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It is this intercellular lipid that determines the permeability of the stratum corneum. The main lipids here are ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. In addition, the skin surface of mammals, including humans, is coated by a lipid film produced by sebaceous glands in the dermis and secreted through the follicles. Human sebum consists mainly of squalene, wax monoesters, and triglycerides with small proportions of cholesterol and cholesterol esters. As sebum passes through the follicles, some of the triglycerides are hydrolyzed by bacteria to liberate free fatty acids. Likewise, near the skin surface, where water becomes available, some of the ceramides are acted upon by an epithelial ceramidase to liberate sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and 6-hydroxysphingosine. Some of the free fatty acids, specifically lauric acid and sapienic acid, have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. Also, the long-chain bases have broad spectrum antibacterial activity.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant MitoQ Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Accumulation of Triacylglycerol and Lipid Droplets Biogenesis in Epithelial Cells.
Fock E, Bachteeva V, Lavrova E … +1 more , Parnova R
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30245885 · Full text
The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles...
The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles associated with fatty acid storage, energy regulation and demonstrated tight spatial and functional connections with mitochondria. The impairment of mitochondrial activity under pathological stimuli has been shown to provoke TAG storage and LD biogenesis. However the potential mechanisms that link mitochondrial disturbances and TAG accumulation are not completely understood. We hypothesize that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) may play a role of a trigger leading to subsequent accumulation of intracellular TAG and LD in response to a bacterial stimulus. Using isolated epithelial cells from the frog urinary bladder, we showed that LPS decreased fatty acids oxidation, enhanced TAG deposition, and promoted LD formation. LPS treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential but increased cellular ROS production and led to impairment of mitochondrial function as revealed by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP turnover. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ at a dose of 25 nM did not prevent LPS-induced alterations in cellular respiration, but, in contrast to nonmitochondrial antioxidant -tocopherol, reduced the effect of LPS on the generation of ROS, restored the LPS-induced decline of fatty acids oxidation, and prevented accumulation of TAG and LD biogenesis. The data obtained indicate the key signaling role of mROS in the lipid metabolic shift that occurs under the impact of a bacterial pathogen in epithelial cells.
Free Radical Scavenging Capacity, Carotenoid Content, and NMR Characterization of Aril Oil.
Barnaby AG, Clarke J, Warren D … +1 more , Duffus K
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30186635 · Full text
aril oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids but is however currently not utilized industrially. The oil was characterized utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)....
aril oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids but is however currently not utilized industrially. The oil was characterized utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A spectrophotometric assay was conducted to determine the free radical scavenging properties and carotenoid content of the oil. Chemical shifts resonating between 5.30 and 5.32 in the H NMR are indicative of olefinic protons present in ackee aril oil which are due to the presence of oleic acid. A peak at 3006 cm in the FTIR spectra confirms the high levels of monounsaturation. The oil has a free radical scavenging activity of 48% ± 2.8% and carotenoid content of 21 ± 0.2 ppm.
Intracellular and Plasma Membrane Events in Cholesterol Transport and Homeostasis.
Litvinov DY, Savushkin EV, Dergunov AD
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30174957 · Full text
Cholesterol transport between intracellular compartments proceeds by both energy- and non-energy-dependent processes. Energy-dependent vesicular traffic partly contributes to cholesterol flux between endoplasmic reticulu...
Cholesterol transport between intracellular compartments proceeds by both energy- and non-energy-dependent processes. Energy-dependent vesicular traffic partly contributes to cholesterol flux between endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and endocytic vesicles. Membrane contact sites and lipid transfer proteins are involved in nonvesicular lipid traffic. Only "active" cholesterol molecules outside of cholesterol-rich regions and partially exposed in water phase are able to fast transfer. The dissociation of partially exposed cholesterol molecules in water determines the rate of passive aqueous diffusion of cholesterol out of plasma membrane. ATP hydrolysis with concomitant conformational transition is required to cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters. Besides, scavenger receptor SR-B1 is involved also in cholesterol efflux by facilitated diffusion via hydrophobic tunnel within the molecule. Direct interaction of ABCA1 with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) or apoA-I binding to high capacity binding sites in plasma membrane is important in cholesterol escape to free apoA-I. ABCG1-mediated efflux to fully lipidated apoA-I within high density lipoprotein particle proceeds more likely through the increase of "active" cholesterol level. Putative cholesterol-binding linear motifs within the structure of all three proteins ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 are suggested to contribute to the binding and transfer of cholesterol molecules from cytoplasmic to outer leaflets of lipid bilayer. Together, plasma membrane events and intracellular cholesterol metabolism and traffic determine the capacity of the cell for cholesterol efflux.
A Fast and Simple Qualitative Method for Screening Oleaginous Yeasts on Agar.
Niehus X, Casas-Godoy L, Vargas-Sánchez M … +1 more , Sandoval G
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30151284 · Full text
Finding new oleaginous yeasts is of great interest due to their many important applications. Currently available screening procedures are time-consuming, and most of these require liquid cultures. In this work, a new, fa...
Finding new oleaginous yeasts is of great interest due to their many important applications. Currently available screening procedures are time-consuming, and most of these require liquid cultures. In this work, a new, fast, economical, and simple qualitative method for screening oleaginous yeasts was developed. The fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B, was selected because its fluorescence is directly correlated to lipid content, and no additional steps or special equipment are needed. This method only requires growing the yeasts on dyed agar plates. Under visible light, it is easy to observe that nonpigmented oleaginous yeasts become colored, whereas non-oleaginous yeasts remain uncolored. The developed method is also useful for improving medium composition in specific applications. Moreover, it was also adapted to use alternative carbon sources, such as lignocellulosic materials and glycerol. The developed method was applied to screen 124 recently isolated nonpigmented yeasts on three different carbon sources, namely, glucose, glycerol, and agave bagasse hydrolysate. Five strains were selected as good lipid producers on all tested carbon sources and accumulated over 48% lipids. Furthermore, the assay was adapted to screen reddish-pigmented yeasts. Considering all the above, the developed method has a wide range of applications in the field of microbial oils.
The Effect of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors on Nonfasting Remnant Cholesterol in a Real World Population.
Morise AP, Tennant J, Holmes SD … +1 more , Tacker DH
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 30105099 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have demonstrated significant effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and nonhigh density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. To date,...
BACKGROUND: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have demonstrated significant effects on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and nonhigh density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. To date, there have been limited reports on the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on remnant cholesterol. OBJECTIVES: Assess the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on nonfasting remnant cholesterol in a real world population. Identify whether pretreatment triglyceride levels are associated with PCSK9 inhibition success as indicated by changes in remnant cholesterol levels. METHODS: Patients in our adult lipid clinic ( = 109) receiving PCSK9 inhibition for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or familial hypercholesterolemia who had available pre- and post-PCSK9 inhibition standard nonfasting lipid data were, retrospectively, selected for data analysis. Remnant cholesterol was the difference between non-HDL and LDL cholesterol. LDL cholesterol was measured directly and calculated from Friedewald and Martin/Hopkins methods. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and multivariable linear regression for differential effects on remnant and LDL cholesterol based upon pretreatment nonfasting triglyceride levels. RESULTS: Remnant cholesterol as well as total, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased significantly (<0.001) after PCSK9 inhibition. Patients with higher pretreatment triglyceride levels showed greater decrease in remnant cholesterol after PCSK9 inhibition (<0.001) than those with lower pretreatment triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors, remnant cholesterol as determined from nonfasting blood was reduced in proportion to pretreatment triglycerides.
Effect of Infection on Serum Lipid Profile.
Haeri M, Parham M, Habibi N … +1 more , Vafaeimanesh J
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 29973994 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest a significant relationship between infection and atherogenesis; but the mechanism of the relationship is almost unknown. The current study aimed at evaluating the relationship between i...
BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest a significant relationship between infection and atherogenesis; but the mechanism of the relationship is almost unknown. The current study aimed at evaluating the relationship between infection and serum lipid profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study was conducted on 2573 patients, from 2008 to 2015. The serum anti- antibody titer and serum lipid profile were assessed in the study population; data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 16. values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: In the current study, 66.5% of the cases were serologically positive for . Among male cases, the level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was higher in patients with infection, compared with that of the ones without the infection ( = 0.03); although level of triglyceride (TG) was higher and the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in the cases with infection; there was no statistically significant difference between the cases with and without infection regarding the level of HDL and TG. Among female cases, the level of TG was significantly lower in patients with infection, compared with that of the ones without the infection ( = 0.001); but there was no significant difference between the cases with and without infection regarding the level of LDL and HDL. The mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) in the cases with infection was significantly higher than that of the ones without the infection ( = 0.04). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the current study, the levels of LDL and FBS were high among the male cases with infection. However, in females with infection the level of TG was low; hence, it seems that the atherogenicity of affected the level of blood sugar more.
Utilization of Solid Waste as a Substrate for Production of Oil from Oleaginous Microorganisms.
Laker F, Agaba A, Akatukunda A … +5 more , Gazet R, Barasa J, Nanyonga S, Wendiro D, Wacoo AP
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 29862080 · Full text
The overwhelming demand of oil and fats to meet the ever increasing needs for biofuel, cosmetics production, and other industrial purposes has enhanced a number of innovations in this industry. One such innovation is the...
The overwhelming demand of oil and fats to meet the ever increasing needs for biofuel, cosmetics production, and other industrial purposes has enhanced a number of innovations in this industry. One such innovation is the use of microorganisms as alternative sources of oil and fats. Organic solid waste that is causing a big challenge of disposal worldwide is biodegradable and can be utilized as substrate for alternative oil production. The study evaluated the potential of isolated yeast-like colonies to grow and accumulate oil by using organic solid waste as substrate. Of the 25 yeast-like colonies isolated from the soil samples collected from three different suburbs in Kampala district, Uganda, 20 were screened positive for accumulation of lipid but only 2 were oleaginous. The NHC isolate with the best oil accumulation potential of 48.8% was used in the central composite design (CCD) experiments. The CCD experimental results revealed a maximum oil yield of 61.5% from 1.25 g/L cell biomass at 10 g/L of solid waste and temperature of 25°C. The study revealed that organic solid waste could be used as a substrate for microbial oil production.
Effect of Locally Manufactured Niger Seed Oil on Lipid Profile Compared to Imported Palm and Sunflower Oils on Rat Models.
Mekonnen Z, Gebreselema A, Abere Y
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 29854466 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Different types of dietary lipids have been shown to affect lipid metabolism and lipid profile differently. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of local niger seed oil on serum lipid profile compa...
BACKGROUND: Different types of dietary lipids have been shown to affect lipid metabolism and lipid profile differently. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of local niger seed oil on serum lipid profile compared to palm oil and sunflower oil in rats. METHODS: The effect of the 15% plant oils on serum lipid profile, body weight gain percentage, and feed efficiency ratio was assessed after 8 weeks of experimental period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 15% niger seed oil showed decrease and increase in the level of lipid profile as compared to rats fed with 15% palm oil and sunflower oil (except Triacylglycerol), respectively. The 15% niger seed oil showed significant decrease and increase in body weight gain percentage as compared to the 15% palm oil and 15% sunflower oil, respectively. The feed efficiency ratio was significantly higher and lower in the 15% niger seed oil compared to rats fed with 15% sunflower oil and control group and the palm oil fed rats, respectively. The current study concluded that consumption of locally manufactured niger seed oil decreased the blood lipid profiles, body weight gain percentage, and feed efficiency ratio as compared to palm oil. Utilization of oils containing more unsaturated fatty acids like niger seed oil is recommended to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Safety and Efficacy of Extremely Low LDL-Cholesterol Levels and Its Prospects in Hyperlipidemia Management.
Bandyopadhyay D, Qureshi A, Ghosh S … +4 more , Ashish K, Heise LR, Hajra A, Ghosh RK
J Lipids · 2018 · PMID 29850255 · Full text
The risk of cardiovascular disease has been reported to have a linear relationship with LDL levels. Additionally, the currently recommended LDL target goal of 70 mg/dl does not diminish the CV risk entirely leaving behin...
The risk of cardiovascular disease has been reported to have a linear relationship with LDL levels. Additionally, the currently recommended LDL target goal of 70 mg/dl does not diminish the CV risk entirely leaving behind some residual risk. Previous attempts to maximally lower the LDL levels with statin monotherapy have met dejection due to the increased side effects associated with the treatment. Nevertheless, with the new advancements in clinical medicine, it has now become possible to bring down the LDL levels to as low as 15 mg/dl using PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies alone or in combination with statins. The development of inclisiran, siRNA silencer targeting PCSK9 gene, is a one step forward in these endeavors. Moreover, various studies aiming to lower the CV risk and mortality by lowering LDL levels have demonstrated encouraging results. The current challenge is to explore this arena to redefine the target LDL levels, if required, to avoid any suboptimal treatment. After thorough literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we present this article to provide a brief overview of the safety and efficacy of lowering LDL below the current goal.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 194
- RSS feed
- Subscribe