Adolescence[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
After-school programs for adolescents: a review of evaluation research.
Apsler R
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 19435164
During the last ten years, an infusion of private foundation and government funding markedly increased the number of after-school programs targeting adolescents. This review focuses on the quality of after-school program...
During the last ten years, an infusion of private foundation and government funding markedly increased the number of after-school programs targeting adolescents. This review focuses on the quality of after-school program evaluation research. Numerous evaluations of after-school programs exist, but serious methodological flaws limit the conclusions that can be drawn with confidence from most of the studies. Major obstacles to conducting sound evaluations include difficulties in obtaining appropriate comparison groups and dealing with sporadic attendance and attrition. The review summarizes promising results, discusses the extent to which after-school programs have achieved their goals, describes characteristics associated with successful after-school programs, and reports on efforts to assess the cost effectiveness of after-school programs.
Condom use at last sex as a proxy for other measures of condom use: is it good enough?
Younge SN, Salazar LF, Crosby RF … +3 more , DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM, Rose E
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149154
Condom use at last sex is a widely used indicator in sexual behavior research; however, there is little empirical research validating this indicator. This study examined whether a single-event recall period (the last tim...
Condom use at last sex is a widely used indicator in sexual behavior research; however, there is little empirical research validating this indicator. This study examined whether a single-event recall period (the last time coitus occurred) was consistent with longer recall periods (14 days and 60 days) for a sample of African American adolescent females (N = 566). The findings from this study demonstrate that condom use at last coitus is a valid proxy for condom use behaviors spanning longer time periods.
Turkish adolescents' conflict resolution strategies toward peers and parents as a function of loneliness.
Ciftçi A, Demir A, Bikos LH
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149153
This study investigated the effect of loneliness on the conflict resolution strategies of adolescents toward their friends, mothers, and fathers. High school students (N = 180) from 8 different schools in Ankara, Turkey,...
This study investigated the effect of loneliness on the conflict resolution strategies of adolescents toward their friends, mothers, and fathers. High school students (N = 180) from 8 different schools in Ankara, Turkey, completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Conflict Resolution Questionnaire with respect to their friends, mothers, and fathers. Results indicated no significant interaction among level of loneliness, conflict resolution strategies, and type of relationship. However, there were significant interactions between conflict resolution strategies and type of relationship, and between conflict resolution strategies and level of loneliness.
Prevalence of Internet addiction and correlations with family factors among South Korean adolescents.
Park SK, Kim JY, Cho CB
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149152
This study investigated the prevalence of Internet addiction among South Korean adolescents and explored family factors associated with such addiction. The study participants were middle and high school students residing...
This study investigated the prevalence of Internet addiction among South Korean adolescents and explored family factors associated with such addiction. The study participants were middle and high school students residing in Seoul. One-tenth (10.7%) of the 903 adolescents surveyed scored at least 70 on the Internet Addiction Scale. These youths were considered at high risk for Internet addiction and in need of further assessment and intervention. Results show that parenting attitudes, family communication, family cohesion, and family violence exposure (e.g., conjugal violence and parent-to-child violence) were associated with Internet addiction. These findings indicate that families play an important role in preventing Internet addiction and must be considered when programs are developed to minimize excessive Internet usage by high-risk adolescents.
Counterconformity: an attribution model of adolescents' uniqueness-seeking behaviors in dressing.
Ling IL
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149151
This article explores how an attribution model will illustrate uniqueness-seeking behavior in dressing in the Taiwanese adolescent subculture. The study employed 443 senior high school students. Results show that the ten...
This article explores how an attribution model will illustrate uniqueness-seeking behavior in dressing in the Taiwanese adolescent subculture. The study employed 443 senior high school students. Results show that the tendency of uniqueness-seeking behavior in dressing is moderate. However, using cluster analysis to segment the counterconformity behavior of the subjects, the study demonstrates that there are two conspicuous types of segmentation "markets": rubber stamp and self-determined. The attribution models investigate the susceptibilities to informational and normative influence which have different direction impacts and weights on the adolescents' counterconformity behavior. More interestingly, path analyses indicate that consumer self-confidence mediates the relationship between informational influence and counterconformity behavior only on the rubber stamp type. This study then discusses how the adolescent consumers' need for uniqueness could be used in better understanding consumer behavior and the role consumption plays in their expression of identity.
Three cases of adolescent childbearing decision-making: the importance of ambivalence.
Bender SS
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149150
Limited information is available about the childbearing decision-making experience by the pregnant adolescent. The purpose of this case study was to explore this experience with three pregnant teenagers. The study is bas...
Limited information is available about the childbearing decision-making experience by the pregnant adolescent. The purpose of this case study was to explore this experience with three pregnant teenagers. The study is based on nine qualitative interviews. Within-case descriptions applying the theoretical model of decision-making regarding unwanted pregnancy and across-case findings are presented. The results showed that considerably more ambivalence was described than suggested by the authors of the model. The findings also indicate that there was considerable ambivalence about motherhood. The childbearing decision was rather passive for two of the girls while the oldest girl more actively considered the alternatives of abortion and childbearing. The oldest girl experienced more ambivalence than the other girls which seemed beneficial for her. Fear of feeling regret later on mainly guided the decision of the girls toward not having an abortion. That decision left them with the other alternative, having the child, since adoption was never an option. None of them was ready for motherhood. After two of them had been assured of support, they seemed to be willing to follow a new direction in their lives. Further qualitative exploration of ambivalence in childbearing decision-making among adolescents is necessary in order to determine the factors which can contribute to more decisive decision-making and probably lead to less regret afterwards. Such information may also be of benefit in sex education courses and in counseling pregnant girls.
Parental reports of symptoms of childhood disorders in Dutch children.
Scholte EM, Van Berckelaer-Onnes IA, Van der Ploeg JD … +1 more , Van den Bergh PM
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149149
The number of children displaying childhood disorders in the Netherlands is estimated through a questionnaire referencing DSM-IV symptoms filled out by the parents of 2,563 4- 18-year-old Dutch children randomly taken fr...
The number of children displaying childhood disorders in the Netherlands is estimated through a questionnaire referencing DSM-IV symptoms filled out by the parents of 2,563 4- 18-year-old Dutch children randomly taken from the general Dutch Youth population in 2004. The number of impaired children was estimated by applying the DSM-IV criteria for impairment by symptoms. It was found that 14% of all Dutch children display developmental difficulties, with 8% at risk of moderate behavioral and emotional difficulties and 6% at risk of a childhood psychiatric disorder. These prevalence figures based upon parental observations of DSM-IV symptoms in children are in agreement with the findings of other studies estimating psychiatric disorders in childhood in Western countries.
Training workers implementing adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs: what have we learned from the literature?
Shek DT, Wai CL
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149148
Although many studies are evaluating the effectiveness of adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs, training programs for workers implementing such programs are seldom examined. In this paper, such p...
Although many studies are evaluating the effectiveness of adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs, training programs for workers implementing such programs are seldom examined. In this paper, such programs indexed in several databases were reviewed. The basic characteristics, objectives, content, theory, process, and evaluation of the programs reviewed were examined. Results showed several weaknesses in the published training programs and research gaps in the literature were identified. Several principles guiding the design of training programs for adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs were proposed, including design of the training program around a learning model, raising the trainees' motivation and self-efficacy, teaching knowledge, self-reflective skills and open-mindedness, provision of demonstrations, active participation, and open discussions, and evaluation of the training program. These principles were utilized in the training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
Evaluation of project P.A.T.H.S. (Secondary 1 Program) by the program participants: findings based on the Full Implementation Phase.
Shek DT, Sun RC
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149147
A total of 207 schools (N = 33,693 students) participated in the Secondary 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in the Full Implementation Phase (2006-07). Participants responded to a Subjective Outcome Evaluation Form (Form...
A total of 207 schools (N = 33,693 students) participated in the Secondary 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in the Full Implementation Phase (2006-07). Participants responded to a Subjective Outcome Evaluation Form (Form A) to assess their views of the program, instructors, and perceived effectiveness after program completion. Utilizing the consolidated reports submitted to the funding body, the Research Team aggregated the consolidated data to form an overall profile of the perceptions of the program participants. Results showed that a high proportion of the respondents had positive perceptions of the program and the instructors, and roughly four-fifths regarded the program as helpful to them. The present study provides additional support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
Predictors of somatic symptoms in younger rural adolescents.
Christiansen LM, Copeland EP, Stapert EB
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149146
This study investigated the presence and strength of the relationship between daily hassles, coping style, negative mood regulations, and somatic symptomatology in junior high rural adolescents. Five paper-and-pencil ins...
This study investigated the presence and strength of the relationship between daily hassles, coping style, negative mood regulations, and somatic symptomatology in junior high rural adolescents. Five paper-and-pencil instruments assessing perceived daily hassles, coping strategies, ability to successfully alleviate a negative mood state, degree of somatic symptomatology, and general demographic information were completed by 138 7th and 8th grade students from a number of rural areas in a mid-western state. Results indicated that hassles were a significant predictor of symptomatology in addition to the coping styles of substance use and professional support. The interpersonal coping factor proved to have the only negative, or ameliorating, relationship to symptomatology. Gender and developmental differences were evident.
Chinese immigrant high school students' cultural interactions, acculturation, family obligations, language use, and social support.
Yeh CJ, Okubo Y, Ma PW … +3 more , Shea M, Ou D, Pituc ST
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149145
When immigrant youth come to the United States, they must learn to interact with dominant and cultural groups as part of the adjustment process. The current study investigated whether the association between Chinese immi...
When immigrant youth come to the United States, they must learn to interact with dominant and cultural groups as part of the adjustment process. The current study investigated whether the association between Chinese immigrant high school students' (N = 286) English fluency, academic and career/ college help-seeking, multidimensional acculturation, family responsibilities, and social support, predicted their intercultural competence concerns (their interactions across dominant and cultural groups). Results indicate that this was the case. Implications for research and practice with immigrant youth in a high school context are discussed.
Residential wilderness programs: the role of social support in influencing self-evaluations of male adolescents.
Cook EC
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149144
This qualitative study explores the aspects of a residential wilderness experience that informed self-evaluations in male adolescents, ages 12-16. To assess change in self-evaluations and program factors associated with...
This qualitative study explores the aspects of a residential wilderness experience that informed self-evaluations in male adolescents, ages 12-16. To assess change in self-evaluations and program factors associated with change, qualitative interviews were conducted with adolescents upon entry to the program and four months later. Participants' responses suggested that self-evaluation improved in relation to specific factors in the residential wilderness program. Specifically, increased levels of social support provided through cooperative experiences and opportunities for emotional expression helped participants develop a more positive sense of self. Findings contribute to our knowledge of specific program components offered by residential wilderness programs that are associated with positive adjustment in adolescents.
Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related sexual assault among university students.
Howard DE, Griffin MA, Boekeloo BO
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149143
This study examined the psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related sexual assault. Undergraduate students (N = 551) were recruited to complete a web-based survey. The outcome was a composite of 2 items: "experienced an u...
This study examined the psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related sexual assault. Undergraduate students (N = 551) were recruited to complete a web-based survey. The outcome was a composite of 2 items: "experienced an unwanted sexual advance" or "was the victim of sexual assault or date rape" as a result of another's alcohol use. The predictors were substance use, other alcohol-related interpersonal violence victimization, and alcohol-related protective behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Females reported higher prevalence of alcohol-related sexual assault than did males (20.4% vs. 6.6%). Females who reported binge drinking (OR = 7.74) and other alcohol-related interpersonal violence (OR = 5.03) were more likely to report alcohol-related sexual assault whereas only other alcohol-related interpersonal violence was associated with alcohol-related sexual assault (OR = 43.75) among males. The findings suggest that alcohol-related sexual assault is associated with other risk factors that deserve further attention through longitudinal research and intervention efforts.
Early adolescents' conceptions of the good life and the good person.
Bronk KC
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149142
Twenty-five (N = 25) early adolescents were asked to describe their conceptions of the good life and a good person. Analysis of their responses revealed that sixth and ninth graders see care and support from friends and...
Twenty-five (N = 25) early adolescents were asked to describe their conceptions of the good life and a good person. Analysis of their responses revealed that sixth and ninth graders see care and support from friends and family as requisite components of the good life. Having material comforts, being happy, and achieving personal goals were also important, as were staying out of trouble and helping others. Treating others well was necessary for one to be considered a good person. Good people, according to these youths, also acted in genuine or authentic ways. Adolescents' views of the good life were compared with Benson's building blocks of healthy development. While the two notions were not identical, these early adolescents' conceptions mapped onto the categories of assets in all but one area. While Benson believes that responsibility to and respect from one's community is essential for healthy development, early adolescents did not find it requisite for the good life or good person. Implications of the difference are explored.
Community violence and psychological distress: the protective effects of emotional social support and sense of personal control among older adolescents.
Rosenthal BS, Wilson WC
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19149141
This empirical study investigated three mechanisms of protection (preventive, compensatory, buffering) for two factors (emotional social support, sense of personal control) in the relationship between exposure to communi...
This empirical study investigated three mechanisms of protection (preventive, compensatory, buffering) for two factors (emotional social support, sense of personal control) in the relationship between exposure to community violence and psychological distress among 947 diverse, older adolescents. Findings indicate that social support and sense of personal control do provide protection; however, the primary mechanism is compensatory (for support r = -.35; for control, r = -.48). Support but not control serves a preventive function (r = -.11). Neither variable protects via buffering-the mechanisms most commonly discussed in the literature. Protection is not a simple straightforward process.
New expressions of racism among young people in Spain: an adaptation of the Meertens and Pettigrew (1992) prejudice scale.
Rodriguez FJ, Herrero J, Ovejero A … +1 more , Torres A
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 20432615
The objective of this study was to test whether the Blatant and Subtle Prejudice Scales of Meertens and Pettigrew (1992) are valid for the evaluation of prejudicial attitudes in Spanish school-based adolescents. To do so...
The objective of this study was to test whether the Blatant and Subtle Prejudice Scales of Meertens and Pettigrew (1992) are valid for the evaluation of prejudicial attitudes in Spanish school-based adolescents. To do so gypsies and immigrants were chosen as two exogroups that might be the object of prejudice among the Spanish population. Participants were 1,378 Spanish school-based adolescents in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. The results indicate that the scales present a factor structure different from that of the original study. Also, covariates of both blatant and subtle prejudice scales scores were explored. A different pattern of relationships between covariates and scores on blatant and subtle prejudice were found.
Peer influence on adolescent boys' appearance management behaviors.
Yoo JJ
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 20432614
The primary objective of this research is to understand peer influence on adolescent boys' appearance management behaviors and their risk perception of these behaviors; 155 adolescent boys, average age 14.3, participated...
The primary objective of this research is to understand peer influence on adolescent boys' appearance management behaviors and their risk perception of these behaviors; 155 adolescent boys, average age 14.3, participated in the study. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests revealed that adolescent boys engaged in many types of behaviors, although they perceived some of them as unhealthy. When compared with adolescent boys who showed low peer influence, those with high peer influence engaged in the following behaviors more frequently: sunbathing, using tanning booths, waxing skin, and spa treatments. The findings suggest a need for further investigation regarding the motivation for and impediments to adolescent boys' appearance management behaviors.
Physical activity levels and patterns of 11-14 year-old Turkish adolescents.
Kin-Isler A, Asci FH, Altintas A … +1 more , Guven-Karahan B
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 20432613
This study examined age and gender differences in physical activity levels and various physical activity patterns of 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents and also determined if these differ between genders. Six hundred and...
This study examined age and gender differences in physical activity levels and various physical activity patterns of 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents and also determined if these differ between genders. Six hundred and fifty girls and 666 boys between the ages of 11 and 14 years constituted the sample of this study. Participants self-reported physical activity levels and patterns were determined by a Weekly Activity Checklist. A 2 x 4 (Gender x Age) MANOVA revealed overall significant main effect of gender and age on the physical activity level of adolescents; however, gender x age interaction effect was not significant. The findings indicated an interaction effect was not significant. The findings indicated an age-related decline in physical activity level, an increase in participation in low activities, and a decrease in participation in moderate and vigorous activities in 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents. In addition it was found that boys were more active than girls and participated more in moderate and vigorous activities.
The effects of parental monitoring and leisure boredom on adolescents' Internet addiction.
Lin CH, Lin SL, Wu CP
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 20432612
This study explored the effects of parental monitoring, leisure boredom, and leisure activity on Internet addiction. The sample was 1,289 adolescents from eleven senior high schools in Taiwan. Participants were asked abo...
This study explored the effects of parental monitoring, leisure boredom, and leisure activity on Internet addiction. The sample was 1,289 adolescents from eleven senior high schools in Taiwan. Participants were asked about their perception of being monitored by their parents, leisure boredom, leisure activities, and Internet addiction behavior. Results showed that leisure boredom and involvement in Internet and social activities increase the probability of Internet addiction; however, family and outdoor activities along with participative and supportive parental monitoring decrease these tendencies. Overall evidence suggests that parental monitoring is a major inhibitor of Internet addiction. Thus, adolescents should be supervised in their daily routines and encouraged to participate in family and outdoor activities. In addition, adolescents should develop a positive attitude toward leisure and the skills to prevent overdependence on online relationships with the assistance of parents. These findings suggest the preventive strategies regarding Internet addiction.
Academic correlates of Taiwanese senior high school students' happiness.
Chen SY, Lu L
Adolescence · 2009 · PMID 20432611
This study examined the relation between academic factors and senior high school students' general happiness using a nationally representative sample of 11,061 11th graders in Taiwan. Pearson correlation analyses indicat...
This study examined the relation between academic factors and senior high school students' general happiness using a nationally representative sample of 11,061 11th graders in Taiwan. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that English teacher-perceived academic performance, mathematics teacher-perceived academic performance, teacher academic support, classmate academic support, organizational processes, and school satisfaction were positively related to students' general happiness,while disturbance in class was negatively related. Regression analysis found that objective academic achievement, mathematics teacher-perceived academic achievement, classmate academic support, disturbance in class, organizational processes, and most importantly, students' overall appraisals of their own happiness with school helped predict students' general happiness, account for 18.4% of the total variance. Among these variables, objective academic achievement and disturbance in class were negatively associated with general happiness. Some of the study's findings are consistent with those in the literature and some extend established accounts, while others point to future research directions.
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