Adolescence[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Profile of incarcerated juveniles: comparison of male and female offenders.
Martin D, Martin M, Dell R … +2 more , Davis C, Guerrieri K
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086673
Effective methods of identifying potential juvenile offenders are critical when developing prevention programs within both state and national juvenile justice systems. The characteristics of juvenile offenders in a large...
Effective methods of identifying potential juvenile offenders are critical when developing prevention programs within both state and national juvenile justice systems. The characteristics of juvenile offenders in a large juvenile justice system are examined in this study. Participants live in a Midwestern city with a high rate of crime as indicated by federal standards. Both male and female subjects were currently incarcerated (N = 363). The article highlights a basic psychological and behavioral profile of these juveniles in an effort to determine characteristics that might identify future juvenile offenders. The authors believe that if future offenders can be identified, both school systems and community agencies may be better able to intervene in the cycle of juvenile crime and violence.
Personality assessment with adolescents: challenges and guidelines.
Crespi TD, Politikos NN
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086672
Approximately 4.5 to 6.3 million youth experience serious emotional disturbances. Unfortunately, many of them have unmet mental health needs. Tools used in personality assessment can offer unparalleled assistance in diag...
Approximately 4.5 to 6.3 million youth experience serious emotional disturbances. Unfortunately, many of them have unmet mental health needs. Tools used in personality assessment can offer unparalleled assistance in diagnosis, and assist in designing appropriate interventions. Unfortunately, not all psychologists embrace personality assessment as a key component in conducting a comprehensive psychological evaluation. In this article the effective use of personality assessment tools is described, with particular attention to issues of comorbidity. Guidelines for effective practice are also offered.
Emerging adult versus adult status among college students: examination of explanatory variables.
Blinn-Pike L, Worthy SL, Jonkman JN … +1 more , Smith GR
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086671
The first purpose of this study was to report how many college students, 18 to 25 years of age, are classified as "emerging adults," "undecideds" or "adults." The second purpose was to determine the relationships between...
The first purpose of this study was to report how many college students, 18 to 25 years of age, are classified as "emerging adults," "undecideds" or "adults." The second purpose was to determine the relationships between emerging adults versus adults and (a) background characteristics, (b) risk-taking behaviors; (c) sensation-seeking scores, and (d) income. A survey was administered to a total of 450 students enrolled in psychology classes in a southern state. Based on responses to four questions, 186 (41%) were emerging adults, 148 (33%) undecided, and 116 (26%) adults. Adult status was not significantly associated with gender or parenthood. Adults were more likely to be African-American and low income and were less likely to consume alcohol, binge drink, smoke cigarettes, and gamble. In addition, adults had significantly lower disinhibition scores than emerging adults.
Social support for exercise and dietary habits among college students.
Gruber KJ
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086670
An assessment inventory (the Friend/Peer Support-Health Eating Physical Activity Scale-FPS-HEPAS) was developed to measure social influence patterns of college student physical activity and food consumption habits. Princ...
An assessment inventory (the Friend/Peer Support-Health Eating Physical Activity Scale-FPS-HEPAS) was developed to measure social influence patterns of college student physical activity and food consumption habits. Principal components analysis of 50 items with two referent sets (friends and peers) produced two scales with common factors: encouragement to exercise, avoidance of high fat/salty foods, support for dieting and/or exercise to lose weight, and criticism about exercise behavior. The Friend Support scale also included a factor relating to criticism of eating foods high in fat or salt. The Peer Support scale included two subscales relating to exercising together and food intake to gain weight. Overall, females reported receiving greater support for their diet and exercise actions than did males. They reported getting more encouragement to exercise, practice good dietary habits, and watch their weight from friends and peers than did males. Gender differences in terms of composition of friends and peers also were found. Females received significantly higher levels of support for exercise, good dietary habits, weight loss, and higher criticisms about their exercise habits when their peer groups were at least half or mostly all male. By contrast, male students report their highest levels of support when their peers were mostly or all female.
Academic achievement, employment, age and gender and students' experience of alternative school.
Poyrazli S, Ferrer-Wreder L, Meister DG … +3 more , Forthun L, Coatsworth JD, Grahame KM
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086669
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore associations between academic achievement, employment, gender, and age in relation to students' sense of school membership and perception of adults in school. The...
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore associations between academic achievement, employment, gender, and age in relation to students' sense of school membership and perception of adults in school. The sample consisted of 102 secondary, alternative school students. Results indicated that students with a more positive perception of school personnel also reported a greater sense of school membership. Male students and older students had a more negative perception of administrators relative to female and younger students. In addition, students who worked tended to report higher grades than students who did not. Study implications are discussed.
Comparing Black, Hispanic, and White mothers with a national standard of parenting.
Strom RD, Strom PS, Beckert TE
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086668
Black, Hispanic, and White mothers (N = 739) and adolescents (N = 806) completed a Parent Success Indicator to assess maternal behavior related to Communication, Use of Time, Teaching, Frustration, Satisfaction, and Info...
Black, Hispanic, and White mothers (N = 739) and adolescents (N = 806) completed a Parent Success Indicator to assess maternal behavior related to Communication, Use of Time, Teaching, Frustration, Satisfaction, and Information Needs. Comparisons between each ethnic group and a previously established national parenting standard revealed that both generations from each group judged the overall performance of mothers to be favorable. Teaching received the highest rating followed by Satisfaction. Mothers indicated that a need to have more Information about a particular adolescent was their greatest learning challenge, while adolescents reported that their mothers were prone to Frustration. While each group demonstrated favorable and unfavorable variations from a national standard, Hispanic generational differences indicated the least congruence by ethnicity.
Does positive youth development predict adolescent attitudes about sexuality?
Chapman EN, Werner-Wilson RJ
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086667
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among individual factors, parental factors, involvement in activities, and adolescent attitudes regarding sex (the outcome variable). We suggest that Positive Yo...
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among individual factors, parental factors, involvement in activities, and adolescent attitudes regarding sex (the outcome variable). We suggest that Positive Youth Development (PYD) research and programming should include promoting healthy sexuality as an important developmental outcome for youth. PYD philosophy and theory, bioecological theory (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998), and identity development theory (Erikson, 1983, 1968; Marcia, 1980, 1993) provided the foundation for this study and were used to make the connections between PYD, adolescent sexuality (including attitudes and behavior), and aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship. Both self-esteem and sexual experience were significant predictors of attitudes regarding sex, but overall, parents contributed the most influence on the outcome variable. (It should be noted, however, that parental influence was the only factor that was a significant predictor.) Only one of the two involvements in activities variables was a significant predictor of attitudes regarding sex.
The relationship between levels of perceived respect and bullying in 5th through 12th graders.
Langdon SW, Preble W
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086666
There are several avenues of inquiry that seek to understand and ameliorate the problem of bullying in schools, including the strategy of fostering respect. To date, however, there is little empirical literature testing...
There are several avenues of inquiry that seek to understand and ameliorate the problem of bullying in schools, including the strategy of fostering respect. To date, however, there is little empirical literature testing the presumed relationship between respect and bullying. This study examined this relationship with surveys (N = 3,147) and interviews (N = 315) administered to 5th through 12th grade students in 26 public schools. Surveys assessed perceptions of respect from adults, respect from peers, and frequency ratings of observed and experienced bullying. Analyses indicated that perceived levels of respect were moderate overall and varied greatly by school and demographics. Approximately 15% of students reported that they observed physical bullying at least weekly and 12% said they were picked on daily. Demographically, males, minorities, 9th and 10th graders, and non-college bound students perceived significantly lower levels of adult and peer respect and higher amounts of bullying relative to comparative groups. Levels of respect significantly predicted frequency of bullying in a regression. Interviews indicated that, contrary to common belief, bullies were the popular students. This study highlights the importance of respect in understanding and improving the socioemotional and physical experience of students.
Three years of Teen Court offender outcomes.
Forgays DK
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086665
Since 1983, Teen Courts have offered ajudicial alternative for many adolescent offenders. In the first year of the Whatcom County Teen Court Program, a small sample of Teen Court offenders had more favorable outcomes tha...
Since 1983, Teen Courts have offered ajudicial alternative for many adolescent offenders. In the first year of the Whatcom County Teen Court Program, a small sample of Teen Court offenders had more favorable outcomes than did Court Diversion offenders. In the current study, the results are based on a three-year sample of 84 Whatcom County adjudicated youths, each with at least one prior conviction. Overall, recidivism was lower for the Teen Court offenders than for first-time Court Diversion offenders. Sentence completion rates were comparable for the two groups. In addition to behavioral outcomes, responses on a satisfaction survey and a self-acceptance inventory provide a more complete view of the offenders' perspectives. One unanticipated outcome was the number of offenders who chose to continue involvement with Teen Court sessions, independent of sentencing requirements.
Youth perceptions of their school violence risks.
Chapin J
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086664
In order to gauge youth perceptions of school violence, this study links two perceptual bias literatures: third-person perception and optimistic bias. The intersection of the two literatures may be especially beneficial...
In order to gauge youth perceptions of school violence, this study links two perceptual bias literatures: third-person perception and optimistic bias. The intersection of the two literatures may be especially beneficial in understanding how adolescents process and interpret public health messages and subsequently engage in risk behaviors or self-protective behaviors in health contexts. Participants were 350 urban adolescents in school-based violence prevention sessions who completed a survey. Findings indicate shared predictors of third-person perception and optimistic bias (age, self-esteem) as well as differences (knowledge). The findings also provide insight into understanding how adolescents process and interpret public health messages and subsequently engage in risk behaviors or self-protective behaviors in health contexts.
Psychosocial factors associated with reports of physical dating violence victimization among U.S. adolescent males.
Howard DE, Wang MQ, Yan F
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086663
The present study, based upon the national 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of U.S. high school students, provides the most current and representative data on physical dating violence among adolescent males (N = 6,528) Th...
The present study, based upon the national 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of U.S. high school students, provides the most current and representative data on physical dating violence among adolescent males (N = 6,528) The dependent variable was physical dating violence. The independent variables included four dimensions: violence, suicide, subtance use, and sexual risk behavior. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were examined followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses, which included all significant independent variables from the bivariate analyses. Adjusted OR and 95% CI were computed to assess the significance of the relationships. In terms of prevalence, 10.0% of male adolescents reported experiencing physical dating violence. Boys who reported sad/hopeless feelings (OR = 2.42), physical fighting (OR = 1.92), gun carrying (OR = 1.80), recent sexual partners (OR = 2.84), or unprotected sexual intercourse (OR = 1.81), were more likely to report physical dating violence. These findings suggest that dating violence against adolescent males is sufficiently widespread and clusters with other risk factors, and that further research and intervention efforts be directed toward better understanding and preventing both male victimization and its psychosocial sequalae.
Adolescent egocentrism: a contemporary view.
Schwartz PD, Maynard AM, Uzelac SM
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 19086662
This study sought to determine whether adolescent egocentrism is displayed during adolescence in the same patterns as when the constructs were first defined in 1967. We empirically revisited the constructs of personal fa...
This study sought to determine whether adolescent egocentrism is displayed during adolescence in the same patterns as when the constructs were first defined in 1967. We empirically revisited the constructs of personal fable and imaginary audience in contemporary adolescents, hypothesizing a decrease in egocentrism with increasing age. Adolescents (N = 2,390) responded to a self-report measure of adolescent egocentrism. Results revealed significant interactions between age and sex for both imaginary audience and personal fable. The results deviated from the original conceptualization discussed in 1967 and supports more recent findings suggesting the existence of adolescent egocentrism in late adolescence. Implications of these findings for those who work with adolescents are discussed.
Influence of family communication structure and vanity trait on consumption behavior: a case study of adolescent students in Taiwan.
Chang WL, Liu HT, Lin TA … +1 more , Wen YS
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689109
The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between family communication structure, vanity trait, and related consumption behavior. The study used an empirical method with adolescent students from the nort...
The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between family communication structure, vanity trait, and related consumption behavior. The study used an empirical method with adolescent students from the northern part of Taiwan as the subjects. Multiple statistical methods and the SEM model were used for testing the hypotheses. The major findings were: (1) Socio-orientation has a significant effect on how physical appearance is viewed, and concept-orientation has a significant positive effect on achievement vanity. (2) how physical appearance is viewed has a significant positive effect on all dimensions of materialism, concerns about clothing, and use of cosmetics. (3) Achievement vanity has a significant positive relationship with price-based prestige sensitivity and concerns regarding clothing. The findings have implications for marketing theory as well as for practical applications in marketing.
The effects of service participation, friendship networks, and family support on developmental outcomes: a study of young people from low-income families in Hong Kong.
Ngai SS, Ngai NP, Cheung CK … +1 more , To SM
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689108
This research investigates the factors conducive to the success of young people growing up in low-income families. Many studies carried out locally and overseas focus on the risks and difficulties experienced by these yo...
This research investigates the factors conducive to the success of young people growing up in low-income families. Many studies carried out locally and overseas focus on the risks and difficulties experienced by these young people; however, little attempt has been made to examine the factors that help them change their lives from failure, poverty, and social exclusion. Based on a quantitative survey of 405 young people recruited from schools and integrated youth service centers in Hong Kong, this research identifies a range of indicators of, and necessary conditions for, the positive development of young people with economic disadvantage. It also evaluates the way in which the functions of service participation, friendship networks, and various family factors support them to thrive in different areas. The study helps fill the gap of the existing literature and draws implications for policy and practice to address the needs of these youths. Future directions of research are also discussed.
Socialization agents and activities of young adolescents.
Arnon S, Shamai S, Ilatov Z
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689107
Research examined the relative importance of peer groups for young adolescents as compared with diverse adult socialization agents--family, school, and community. The factors involved were teenagers' activities, preferen...
Research examined the relative importance of peer groups for young adolescents as compared with diverse adult socialization agents--family, school, and community. The factors involved were teenagers' activities, preferences, feelings, and thoughts as to how they spend their leisure time, their preferences for help providers, and their sense of attachment to their community. These comparisons were made with religious and non-religious youngsters, in both rural and urban communities, and in gender subgroups. Questionnaires were administered to teenagers at secondary schools in a northern peripheral region of Israel. Findings showed the primary importance of peer groups and family in leisure activities and support, and the secondary importance of school and community. No evidence was found of a sharp generation gap. Community could also be significant if its organizations accepted youth as a peer group, and not only individually, on an equal and cooperating basis.
Social representations used by the parents of Mexican adolescent drug users under treatment to explain their children's drug use: gender differences in parental narratives.
Nuño-Gutiérrez BL, Alvarez-Nemegyei J, Rodriguez-Cerda O
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689106
The aim of this study was to explore the social representations used by the parents of adolescent drug users to explain the onset of drug use. Differences in explanations between the parents of male and female adolescent...
The aim of this study was to explore the social representations used by the parents of adolescent drug users to explain the onset of drug use. Differences in explanations between the parents of male and female adolescents were also explored. Sixty parents who accompanied their children to four rehabilitation centers in 2004 completed two semi-structured questionnaires. In addition, indepth interviews were applied to a subsample. The explanation of the drug use was carried out through two social representations: the neglectful family and the son or daughter as an inexperienced teen. The parents-son model was well structured; however, the parents-daughter was unstructured, which suggests a higher resonance in the familial group.
Multiple victimization of Spanish adolescents: a multilevel analysis.
Lila M, Herrero J, Gracia E
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689105
Multiple victimization in adolescence is an issue that has received little research attention. Furthermore, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to victimization in different contexts. The aim of this study is to anal...
Multiple victimization in adolescence is an issue that has received little research attention. Furthermore, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to victimization in different contexts. The aim of this study is to analyze correlates of multiple victimization in three contexts (home, school, and street). The following forms of victimization were considered: stealing, hitting, insulting, threatening, blackmailing, and weapon intimidation. Multiple victimization correlates explored were: sex, age, public/private school, socioeconomic status, quality of family relationships, and antisocial behavior. A probabilistic sample of 1,908 adolescents (ages 13 to 18) was used. Multilevel analyses were conducted to separate correlates at the individual level from those operating at the contextual level. Results show that gender, quality of family relationships, and deviant behavior were related to multiple victimization in adolescence.
Adolescent Internet usage in Taiwan: exploring gender differences.
Lin CH, Yu SF
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689104
The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in adolescent Internet accessibility, motives for use, and online activities in Taiwan; 629 5th and 6th graders were surveyed. Findings revealed that the gap in...
The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in adolescent Internet accessibility, motives for use, and online activities in Taiwan; 629 5th and 6th graders were surveyed. Findings revealed that the gap in gender differences with regard to Internet use has decreased in this generation. Even though the Internet is the most recent form of major media in the world, it has become the second most important medium as perceived by boys and girls. No gender difference was found in adolescents' motives for using the Internet. The ranking of relative importance of motives for adolescents going online was searching for information, followed by socializing, and boredom avoidance for both boys and girls. However, a gender difference in online activities seems to persist. Searching for homework information and playing games were the most popular online activities for all adolescents. However, while girls tended to view the Internet more as a means of searching for information and e-mailing friends, boys tended to use it more for playing games and down-loading software.
The care-system for homeless youth in The Netherlands: perceptions of youngsters through a peer research approach.
Noom MJ, de Winter M, Korf D
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689103
The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of homeless youth of the care they receive. Since we wanted to involve homeless youth as participants in this project, we adopted the approach of peer-research. This f...
The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of homeless youth of the care they receive. Since we wanted to involve homeless youth as participants in this project, we adopted the approach of peer-research. This form of collaborative research has a major role for homeless youth in making an inventory of the problems. A parallel is drawn between the parent-adolescent relationship and the relationship between social worker and homeless adolescent.
The effect of a self-monitored relaxation breathing exercise on male adolescent aggressive behavior.
Gaines T, Barry LM
Adolescence · 2008 · PMID 18689102
This study sought to contribute to the identification of effective interventions in the area of male adolescent aggressive behavior. Existing research includes both group- and single-case studies implementing treatments...
This study sought to contribute to the identification of effective interventions in the area of male adolescent aggressive behavior. Existing research includes both group- and single-case studies implementing treatments which typically include an anger-management component and its attendant relaxation and stress-reduction techniques. The design of this study was single-subject with multiple baselines across 6 subjects on 2 behavioral measures. The setting was a residential juvenile justice program for male adolescents, and the treatment was a relaxation breathing exercise. The results of the study were mixed, with improvement on both behavioral measures in 2 of the 6 participants.
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