OBJECTIVE: Dental professionals are highly vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). As females, who are more prone to WMSD, represent a growing proportion of the dental workforce, this study explored...OBJECTIVE: Dental professionals are highly vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). As females, who are more prone to WMSD, represent a growing proportion of the dental workforce, this study explored sex differences in WMSD-pain prevalence among dental students, and differentiated it between preclinical and clinical students. METHODS: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students at three U.S. dental schools. An anonymous survey assessed prevalence of WMSD pain over the last 12 months and 7 days using the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Sex and academic stage differences were analyzed with independent t-tests and chi-square, adjusted for demographics and occupational habits (working hours, self-reported ergonomics, loupes, sport engagement) with ANCOVA. RESULTS: Among 175 students (26.6±3.6 years, 66.9% females), 93.7% and 57.7% reported WMSD-pain in the past 12 months and 7 days, respectively. Females scored higher than males in pain intensity (=.025), WMSD-pain prevalence in the past 7 days (=.006), and number of painful body sites in the past 12 months (=.006) and 7 days (<.001). Clinical students had higher WMSD-pain prevalence (<.001) and number of painful body sites (<.001) in the past 7 days than preclinical students. Differences remained significant only among females. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of WMSD-pain was evident in dental students, with significant sex and academic stage differences.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between bruxism and musculoskeletal parameters of the cervical and mandibular regions in children and adolescents. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed with su...OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between bruxism and musculoskeletal parameters of the cervical and mandibular regions in children and adolescents. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed with subjects from 6 to 16 years. Subjects were divided into bruxism (any type) and control groups. Descriptive data, jaw opening, upper cervical spine mobility, myofascial trigger points (MTPs) and muscular tension of the jaw and neck muscles, the activation pattern of neck flexors and activation of Deep Neck Flexors (DNF) were registered and compared between groups. RESULTS: 121 subjects participated in the study. Children and adolescents reporting bruxism showed a significant reduction in the contraction of DNF ( = .034) and the activation ratio ( = .035) compared to controls. Besides, MTPs of both masseters were significantly more frequent in subjects reporting bruxism ( = .001-0.002). No differences were found in other measurements. CONCLUSION: Bruxism is related to a weaker contraction of DNF, a lower activation ratio, and a higher number of MTPs in masseters.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between OSAS and floppy eyelid syndrome [FES], along with possible confounding factors such as gender, age, and BMI. METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional prospective study...OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between OSAS and floppy eyelid syndrome [FES], along with possible confounding factors such as gender, age, and BMI. METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional prospective study. Patients referred to the sleep clinic suspected of OSAS were included in the study. Polysomnography, ophthalmological examination, and standard sleep questionnaires were applied for all patients. RESULTS: A total of 617 patients, 68.4% of whom were men, with a mean age of 50.66 [±12.43] years were included. While FES was 70.2% in the group with OSAS for ≥5/h, OSAS was detected in 93.6% of the individuals with FES. In addition, a positive correlation was found between AHI and FES. Age and the male gender were independent risk factors for FES. CONCLUSION: A direct relationship was found between FES and the severity of AHI and OSAS. However, there was no evidence that OSAS is an independent risk factor for FES.
OBJECTIVE: Mean apnea-hypopnea duration (AHD) is the mean duration of apnea-hypopneas experienced during sleep and was found as an indicator of blood oxygenation. The aim of this study was to compare and define the diffe...OBJECTIVE: Mean apnea-hypopnea duration (AHD) is the mean duration of apnea-hypopneas experienced during sleep and was found as an indicator of blood oxygenation. The aim of this study was to compare and define the differences in clinical, demographic and polysomnographic characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients in long and short AHD groups and investigate the relationship between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and sleepiness. METHODS: The cross-sectional analysis included 511 OSA patients who were >18 years and followed up between June 2019 and December 2019 in the Sleep Center of university hospital. The consecutive polysomnography reports and patient data were recorded retrospectively. RESULTS: Polysomnographic evaluation of different AHD groups showed obvious differences. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the overall AHI values. The Epworth measurements, ODI, time that saturation is below 90%, and N1 and N2 sleep were higher in the long AHD group. On the contrary, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, N3 and REM sleep, average oxygen saturation (AOS), and lowest oxygen saturation (LOS) were lower in the long AHD group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed that the AHD is a useful indicator of blood oxygenation and, therefore, tissue oxygenation, independent of the AHI. OSA patients with longer AHD have more vascular complications such as diabetes and hypertension. We suggest that the severity of OSA should be monitored with AHD for preventing potential complications of OSA.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review determined whether occlusal appliance use influences the sleep of individuals with sleep bruxism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six databases and the gray literature were searched to identify ra...OBJECTIVE: This systematic review determined whether occlusal appliance use influences the sleep of individuals with sleep bruxism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six databases and the gray literature were searched to identify randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing slow wave sleep and sleep quality of sleep bruxers before and after occlusal appliance use. The Risk of Bias was assessed using Cochrane tools and Meta-analyses were performed to compare data. The Certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS: Two randomized and eight non-randomized studies were included. Meta-analyses indicated that soft and hard appliances influenced the slow-wave sleep and sleep quality of sleep bruxers, as determined by polysomnography (Z = 5.58; < .001), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Z = 3.45; < .001), and the Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (Z = 48.1; < .001). CONCLUSION: Occlusal appliance use significantly impacts slow-wave sleep and sleep quality in sleep bruxism individuals, regardless of appliance design or material.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between non-physiological awake oral behaviors (NPAOB) and awake bruxism (AB) and symptoms of depression, distress, anxiety and somatization in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 100...OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between non-physiological awake oral behaviors (NPAOB) and awake bruxism (AB) and symptoms of depression, distress, anxiety and somatization in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 100 adolescents aged 12-15 from Medellín, Colombia participated, with 79 completing the assessments after excluding those with known health conditions. The frequency of NPAOB and AB was evaluated using the oral behavior checklist (OBC). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, and somatization were assessed with standardized instruments (PHQ-A, GAD-7, PSS-C and PHQ-15). RESULTS: Symptoms of depression did not represent a significant predictor of NPAOB, but it is of AB. The occurrence of anxiety symptoms led to a twofold increase in the likelihood of having NPAOB (OR>2; p<0.05), while anxiety, distress and somatization was associated with a more than three times higher probability of NPAOB and AB (OR>2;p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Distress, anxiety, depression and somatization significantly influences NPAOB and AB in adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between parenting styles and children's personality traits and parental-reported sleep bruxism (SB). METHODS: A total of 301 parents/caregivers of Brazilian children participated in...OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between parenting styles and children's personality traits and parental-reported sleep bruxism (SB). METHODS: A total of 301 parents/caregivers of Brazilian children participated in this cross-sectional study and answered an online questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, sleep-related behaviors and parent-reported SB. The Brazilian versions of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior assessed children's parenting styles and personality traits. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used. RESULTS: Boys (OR=2.07; 95% CI=1.09-3.91) whose snoring (OR=2.98; 95% CI=1.55-5.73) were associated with mild parent-reported SB. Boys (OR=2.61; 95% CI=1.20-5.70) and high levels of neuroticism (OR=2.27; 95% CI=1.06-4.860) were associated with moderate/severe parent-reported SB. Authoritarian parenting attitudes decreased the likelihood of moderate/severe parent-reported SB (OR=0.37; 95% CI=0.16-0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Parents/caregivers who exhibited more authoritarian attitudes reported a lower prevalence of moderate/severe children SB. Neuroticism trait and snoring influenced the severity of parent-reported SB.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sleep bruxism(SB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with the use of validated questionnaires in a general population convenience sample. METHODS: SB behaviour w...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sleep bruxism(SB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with the use of validated questionnaires in a general population convenience sample. METHODS: SB behaviour was evaluated in accordance with the Subject-Based Assessment strategy recommended in the Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB). .To evaluate GERD-related symptoms, the GERD-Q questionnaire was adopted. To study the correlation between current SB and GERD, Spearman test was performed. Mann-Whitney-U test was adopted to compare GERD-related symptoms in two distinct group comparisons based on the presence of current SB and a history of SB, respectively. RESULTS: A significant but weak positive correlation between current SB and GERD was found ( = .112; = .044). No significant differences in GERD-related symptoms between groups emerged. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation showed a positive but weak correlation between current SB and GERD-related symptoms. Larger scale studies in representative samples are needed to further explore this correlation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their association with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors among 33- to 35-year-old Finnish adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their association with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors among 33- to 35-year-old Finnish adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). METHODS: The sample included 1788 NFBC1986 subjects that have been clinically examined in 2018-19. TMD symptoms were inquired, and clinical TMD examinations were performed based on the Diagnostic Criteria of TMD (DC/TMD). Sociodemographic factors and depression/anxiety symptoms based on Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were inquired using questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of at least one of TMD symptoms was 30.4%. Women had higher prevalence of TMD symptoms and diagnoses compared to men. Female sex, anxiety/depression symptoms and socioeconomic group associated significantly with TMD pain symptoms and pain-related diagnoses. CONCLUSION: The most frequent TMD diagnosis was myalgia and 26.4% had at least one TMD diagnosis. Anxiety/depression symptoms were associated with TMD symptoms and pain-related diagnoses.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of serum vitamin D and B12, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium levels, and rheumatoid factor (RF) status in patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and th...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of serum vitamin D and B12, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium levels, and rheumatoid factor (RF) status in patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings. METHODS: The clinical and radiologic findings and serum vitamin and mineral levels of 90 patients diagnosed with bilateral TMJ-OA were recorded. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman's Rho correlation test were performed. RESULTS: Low serum vitamin D and B12 levels were detected in 82 (91.1%) and 74 (82.2%) patients. Calcium and phosphorus levels were seen at low rates. RF status was recorded as unfavorable in all patients. Correlations were found between age and the serum vitamin and mineral levels, except phosphorus. Low serum vitamin D levels correlated with pain complaints at rest and painless MIO. Serum B12 levels correlated with condylar erosion. Serum magnesium levels correlated with painful MIO and condylar osteophyte. CONCLUSION: Patients with bilateral TMJ-OA showed a high prevalence of low serum vitamin D and B12 levels.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of conservative therapeutic interventions in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and associated otologic symptoms. METHODS: An electronic search across six databases an...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of conservative therapeutic interventions in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and associated otologic symptoms. METHODS: An electronic search across six databases and grey literature was conducted. Studies were assessed for risk of bias, a random-effects meta-analysis, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE tool. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in the final synthesis. Otologic symptoms significantly decreased following intervention compared to baseline [OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.04 - 0.23, I² = 56%], reflecting an approximately 11-fold reduction in symptom likelihood of otologic symptoms after conservative treatment. Of the studies, eight had a low risk of bias, five had moderate, and four had high risk, with evidence certainty rated as very low. CONCLUSION: Conservative therapeutic interventions for TMD appear to reduce otologic symptoms. However, the certainty of the current evidence is limited, warranting further research to establish more definitive conclusions..
OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationships between the structural connectome and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using Genome-wide association stud...OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationships between the structural connectome and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using Genome-wide association studies data on the structural connectome and TMDs. RESULTS: Positive associations with TMD risk were found for white matter structural connectivity from the left hemisphere limbic network to putamen, left hemisphere salience_ventral attention network to caudate, right hemisphere visual network to thalamus, and right hemisphere salience_ventral attention network to right hemisphere control network, while negative associations were observed for connectivity from the left hemisphere control and somatomotor networks to pallidum, left hemisphere somatomotor network to right hemisphere dorsal attention network, and right hemisphere somatomotor network to hippocampus (< 0.05). In TMD patients, connectivity from the Left-hemisphere visual network to putamen was reduced, whereas connectivity from the Left-hemisphere limbic network to left-hemisphere control network was increased (< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings provide insights into the TMD pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the associations between several important and potentially modifiable health variables and TMD signs and symptoms. METHODS: A total of 209 adult dental patients from two clinics co...OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the associations between several important and potentially modifiable health variables and TMD signs and symptoms. METHODS: A total of 209 adult dental patients from two clinics completed surveys on demographics, self-reported awake and sleep bruxism, TMD signs and symptoms, stress, depression, chronic pain, and sleep quality. Correlations and regression analyses were used to identify associations between these health variables and TMD symptoms. RESULTS: Awake bruxism was significantly associated with chronic pain intensity, jaw pain, clenching pain, and headaches. Stress and depression correlated with chronic pain intensity and clenching pain. No correlation was found between BMI and TMD symptoms. In multivariate analysis, both awake and sleep bruxism were associated with TMD symptoms, while sleep quality was related to pain on chewing and depression was associated with chronic pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying these associations can guide clinicians in assessing, educating and managing TMD-related issues by addressing bruxism, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy versus placebo and other active interventions, like autologous blood injection (ABI) and botulinum toxin (BTX), in improving the outcomes of temporomandibular...OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy versus placebo and other active interventions, like autologous blood injection (ABI) and botulinum toxin (BTX), in improving the outcomes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) hypermobility. METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane CENTRAL library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) . Maximal mouth opening (MMO), pain, and frequency of dislocations were analyzed. RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included. In comparison with placebo, dextrose prolotherapy was associated with significantly reduced pain and MMO. Comparison of dextrose with ABI revealed no significant difference in MMO. Qualitative analysis showed no significant difference in outcomes in patients who received dextrose prolotherapy and BTX. CONCLUSIONS: Low-quality evidence suggests that dextrose prolotherapy may reduce MMO and improve pain scores compared to placebo in patients with TMJ hypermobility. Low-quality evidence also suggests that there may be minimal difference in outcomes between dextrose vs ABI and BTX.
OBJECTIVE: Videos containing exercises for masticatory muscles to enhance esthetic appearance are published on social media platforms. The aim of the study was to find out the nature of the exercises and whether they cou...OBJECTIVE: Videos containing exercises for masticatory muscles to enhance esthetic appearance are published on social media platforms. The aim of the study was to find out the nature of the exercises and whether they could have an impact on the health of the masticatory muscles. METHOD: For the netnography, social media videos of jaw area exercises were collected as material and reviewed. The literature review investigated the effect of voluntary masticatory muscle exercises. RESULTS: 71 videos were collected, with none referring to scientific evidence. Muscle exercises found by netnography were isometric exercise of the masseter muscles. The scoping review revealed isometric exercise of the masticatory muscles can cause symptoms in the masticatory system in temporomandibular disorder patients. CONCLUSION: Non-professional masticatory muscle exercises should be considered in the etiology of muscle-related TMD. Dental professionals should to explore social media platforms to be aware of content about dental issues.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether trigeminal somatosensory function and mechanosensitivity differ between groups with craniofacial neuropathic pain (CNP), non-neuropathic craniofacial pain...OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether trigeminal somatosensory function and mechanosensitivity differ between groups with craniofacial neuropathic pain (CNP), non-neuropathic craniofacial pain (NNP), and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Thirty-three participants were categorized into these groups, matched for age and sex. The study evaluated pain intensity, the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), and various trigeminal somatosensory tests, including vibration, pressure pain, thermal detection, cold pain, and neurodynamic tests of the trigeminal nerve. RESULTS: Cold pain thresholds differed significantly among the three groups CNP, NNP, and HC ( = .047). No difference was found in vibration detection, pressure pain threshold, and thermal detection. Trigeminal nerve mechanosensitivity was significantly different among the three groups ( = .03), particularly between groups CNP and HC ( = .01). CONCLUSION: Differences in aspects of trigeminal somatosensory function, including cold pain and trigeminal mechanosensitivity, exist between subjects with chronic craniofacial pain and HC. This implies that a clinical classification system for neuromusculoskeletal rehabilitation could be valuable in evaluating patients.
Manfredini D, Häggman-Henrikson B, Al Jaghsi A
… +36 more, Baad-Hansen L, Beecroft E, Bijelic T, Bracci A, Brinkmann L, Bucci R, Colonna A, Ernberg M, Giannakopoulos NN, Gillborg S, Greene CS, Heir G, Koutris M, Kutschke A, Lobbezoo F, Lövgren A, Michelotti A, Nixdorf DR, Nykänen L, Oyarzo JF, Pigg M, Pollis M, Restrepo CC, Rongo R, Rossit M, Saracutu OI, Schierz O, Stanisic N, Val M, Verhoeff MC, Visscher CM, Voog-Oras U, Wrangstål L, Bender SD, Durham J, International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology
OBJECTIVE: To present a list of key points for good Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) clinical practice on behalf of the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM) group of the I...OBJECTIVE: To present a list of key points for good Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) clinical practice on behalf of the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM) group of the International Association for Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research (IADR). METHODS: An open working group discussion was held at the IADR General Session in New Orleans (March 2024), where members of the INfORM group finalized the proposal of a list of 10 key points. RESULTS: The key points covered knowledge on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. They represent a summary of the current standard of care for management of TMD patients. They are in line with the current need to assist general dental practitioners advance their understanding and prevent inappropriate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The key points can be viewed as a guiding template for other national and international associations to prepare guidelines and recommendations on management of TMDs adapted to the different cultural, social, educational, and healthcare requirements.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed association between periodontitis and sleep patterns. METHODS: Our study included 7289 participants based on a large-scale study in NHANES. Periodontitis was defined through an oral examination. We...OBJECTIVE: We assessed association between periodontitis and sleep patterns. METHODS: Our study included 7289 participants based on a large-scale study in NHANES. Periodontitis was defined through an oral examination. We used logistic regression to explore association between sleep status and risk of periodontitis. Further, stratified analysis was conducted. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available genetic data from corresponding studies. RESULTS: Odds Ratio (OR) of periodontitis was 1.25 (1.07-1.46) in individuals with < 7 hours/per night. Stratification analysis showed individuals under 45 years old (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.54), women (1.28(1.07-1.54)), education levels below high school (1.45(1.03-2.05)) and higher family income (-1.28(1.06-1.56)) were more likely to deteriorate to periodontitis if sleep time less than 7 hours. IVW-MR showed periodontitis risk was not associated with genetically increased levels of sleep time (0.22 (0.02-3.05)) or insomnia (0.83(0.55-1.24)). CONCLUSION: There was no indication that sleep status was associated with periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and mandibular advancement device (MAD) on severity of Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with mandibular retrognathia. METHODS: Patients w...OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise and mandibular advancement device (MAD) on severity of Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with mandibular retrognathia. METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated into either exercise group or MAD group. All patients underwent blood tests, polysomnography studies and questionnaires studies at enrollment and at the 12-week's follow-up. RESULTS: Our study showed MAD was superior to exercise in improving polysomnographic outcomes and Snore Scale (SS) score. No significant difference was observed between the two treatments in terms of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score. Moreover, in the exercise group, improvements were also observed in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CONCLUSION: MAD was more effective than exercise in improving sleep efficiency. Exercise can improve daytime sleepiness and lipid metabolism, independent of the effects on BMI. ChiCTR2000034188.