Radiation And Environmental Biophysics[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Boron neutron capture therapy: a promising radiation treatment modality.
Donya H, Alzahrani NM, Abdulsalam A … +1 more , Umer M
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40553157 · Publisher ↗
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a progressive medical technique that combines the use of boron compounds and neutron radiation to preferentially destroy cancer cells while minimizing, but not entirely eliminating...
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a progressive medical technique that combines the use of boron compounds and neutron radiation to preferentially destroy cancer cells while minimizing, but not entirely eliminating, damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This therapy relies on B, delivered via specific compounds, capturing neutrons and undergoing a nuclear reaction. This capture leads to the emission of high-energy alpha particles and lithium ions, which selectively damage the boron-loaded tumour cells, ultimately leading to their destruction. The key advantage of BNCT lies in its ability to deliver a highly localized and targeted treatment to cancer cells, and sparing healthy tissues from significant radiation damage due to the extremely short range of the reaction products. This makes it particularly suitable for treating certain types of tumours located in sensitive or critical areas where conventional radiation therapy is less effective or poses higher risks. In BNCT, the neutron source is a crucial component of the treatment process. Reactors and accelerators have traditionally been used as neutron sources in BNCT, while recent studies have also explored neutron generators. The success of BNCT depends on the development of effective boron delivery agents and optimized neutron sources, with recent advances in both areas expanding its clinical potential for treating challenging tumours. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced carbon dots as promising boron nanocarriers for BNCT. These carbon dots offer high biocompatibility and unique optical properties. Additionally, they have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling targeted brain tumour delivery and imaging. Recent progress in molecular biology and imaging technologies is enhancing our knowledge of tumour characteristics and facilitating the development of boron compounds with greater selectivity for cancer cells. The present overview presents the historical development of the two primary BNCT components, the boron compound and neutron source, as well as their potential for future applications.
Efficacy of novel radiation protective systems during cardiac interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Elsaeidy AS, Abuelazm M, Khlidj Y … +7 more , Amin AM, Mohamed AA, Altobaishat O, Abdelhalem A, Imran M, AlMohtasib Y, Abdelazeem B
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40540234 · Publisher ↗
The cumulative exposure to X-ray radiation during cardiac intervention can indeed pose various health risks. The present meta-analysis aims to compare novel radiation protective systems (drapes and X-ray shields) versus...
The cumulative exposure to X-ray radiation during cardiac intervention can indeed pose various health risks. The present meta-analysis aims to compare novel radiation protective systems (drapes and X-ray shields) versus conventional safety measures on the operator's procedural radiation exposure during cardiac interventions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed including randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and WOS until February 2024. The random-effects model was used to report continuous outcomes using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sixteen Trials with 3,370 patients were included. Novel radiation protective systems were significantly associated with low total operator radiation dose (MD: -7.3, 95%CI [-11.9, -2.7], p < 0.01) with no significant difference between both arms regarding chest radiation dose (MD: -20.7, 95%CI [-48.9, 7.6], p = 0.15) and thyroid radiation dose (MD: -15.4, 95%CI [-32.4, 1.7], p = 0.08). Also, the novel systems were significantly associated with low air kerma (MD: -46.4, 95%CI [-87.3, 5.5], p = 0.03) and low fluoroscopy duration (MD: -0.3, 95%CI [-0.6, -0.04], p = 0.02). However, there was no difference between both arms regarding the total procedure time (MD: -0.7, 95%CI [-3.1, 1.6], p = 0.54), contrast volume (MD: -3.2, 95%CI [-10.2, 3.7], p = 0.36), and dose area product (MD: 628.4, 95% CI [-3,466.9, 4,723.8], p = 0.76). Also, no differences were found between the drape and shields subgroups in most outcomes. The present literature review showed a low to very low certainty level that novel radiation protective systems significantly reduced the total radiation dose exposure of operators and air kerma. They were also associated with lower fluoroscopy duration, insignificantly lower procedure time, and contrast volume. Given the limited available data it is concluded that novel radiation protective systems are promising, but further large-scale, multicenter, placebo-controlled randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of the newly developed RPSs in lowering radiation exposure of staff in the medical setting.
PHITS code Monte Carlo simulation of a gamma chamber 5000.
Firmansyah OA, Kurniawan B, Walo M … +5 more , Gryczka U, Saputro B, Prasetio H, Satmoko A, Nuraeni N
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40504412 · Publisher ↗
Gamma Chamber 5000 (GC-5000) is a dry storage irradiator manufactured by the Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, India. The GC-5000 can be employed as a facility for sample irradiation and dosimeter calibration pu...
Gamma Chamber 5000 (GC-5000) is a dry storage irradiator manufactured by the Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, India. The GC-5000 can be employed as a facility for sample irradiation and dosimeter calibration purposes because of its dose distribution which is more homogeneous than that of large-scale gamma irradiators. However, optimizing the calibration service requires an in-depth understanding of the dose mapping within the sample chamber. This study aimed to demonstrate the applicability of a simulation using the Monte Carlo (MC) Proton Heavy-Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) software for determining the dose distribution within the GC-5000 irradiator at the Institute of Nuclear and Chemistry Technology (INCT), Poland, to validate the results in experiments using alanine dosimetry. Five measurement points were defined, with each point carrying four alanine dosimeters simultaneously irradiated in an in-house phantom manufactured from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The in-house phantom and alanine dosimeters were additionally simulated with PHITS. The GC-5000 chamber was modeled consistently with the original GC-5000 design, which included the configuration of 44 Co-60 pencil sources and their activities. The relative differences between simulation and experiment for the five-point measurements were 0.7 % and 7.0 % for the minimum and maximum, respectively. The position with the best agreement was at the centre of the in-house PMMA phantom. It was found that the results of the MC simulation and the experimental dose mapping agreed. It is concluded that both methods can be used to precisely determine the dose rate at defined positions within the GC-5000. It is concluded that the methodology developed in this study, i.e., the integration of MC modeling and alanine dosimetry, provides a validated and practical approach for dose mapping and may serve as a reference for similar compact irradiators used in radiation processing. The methodology can also be extended to optimize other industrial radiation processing facilities, as it provides a robust framework for accurate dose calibration and dose rate mapping.
CFD modeling of indoor radon distribution in a laboratory with granite countertops.
Azarvand-Hassanfard B, Gholami M
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40481987 · Publisher ↗
Radon gas, a significant source of indoor radiation exposure, poses serious health risks, particularly lung cancer. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the ANSYS Fluent software to model the behav...
Radon gas, a significant source of indoor radiation exposure, poses serious health risks, particularly lung cancer. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using the ANSYS Fluent software to model the behaviour and distribution of radon gas in a laboratory space equipped with granite countertops. A three-dimensional model of the laboratory, including its geometry, ventilation rates, and radon exhalation sources, was developed to simulate radon concentrations, particularly at breathing height. Radon exhalation rate from the granite and other surfaces in the room was measured experimentally. Numerical results, validated by experimental measurements, revealed a 30% increase in average radon concentration following the installation of granite countertops with an exhalation rate of 6.5 Bq m h. The spatial distribution of radon, particularly near the countertops, indicated regions where radon accumulated at concentrations exceeding the action threshold of the US Environmental Protection Agency of 148 Bq/m. Additionally, while natural ventilation effectively reduced overall radon levels, its efficiency was diminished near the countertops due to complex airflow patterns, leading to radon accumulation in breathing zones. This study demonstrates the ability of numerical methods to identify centers of radon gas accumulation by predicting airflow patterns and behaviours at various ventilation rates, emphasizing the need for effective ventilation strategies, such as localized exhaust systems, to reduce radon exposure in critical areas.
Synergistic effects of lead borosilicate waste glass on the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of cement-bitumen composites.
Maher A, Salama E, Mohamed RA … +1 more , Saleh HM
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40423826 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates the radiation shielding performance of lead borosilicate waste glass when incorporated as an additive into cement-bitumen composites. The utilization of lead borosilicate glass, a byproduct of ind...
This study investigates the radiation shielding performance of lead borosilicate waste glass when incorporated as an additive into cement-bitumen composites. The utilization of lead borosilicate glass, a byproduct of industrial processes, offers a dual advantage: it enhances the gamma-ray attenuation capacity of the composite achieving a mass attenuation coefficient of 7.85 × 10⁻² cm²/g and simultaneously contributes to the sustainable management of radioactive waste by improving the compressive strength to 32.9 MPa. Cement-bitumen mixtures were prepared with varying concentrations of the waste glass and evaluated through both experimental measurements and theoretical modeling. The linear attenuation coefficients demonstrated a marked improvement in shielding efficiency with increasing lead content. Computational tools, including XCOM and Geant4, were employed to simulate photon interactions and validate the experimental findings. The simulation results were in strong agreement with experimental data, confirming the enhanced attenuation properties at higher glass concentrations. These findings suggest that lead borosilicate waste glass is a promising additive for improving the gamma radiation shielding properties of cement-bitumen matrices, with potential applications in nuclear waste immobilization and radiation protection. Furthermore, the approach promotes sustainable recycling of industrial waste, aligning with environmental conservation goals. Further research is recommended to optimize glass loading and assess the long-term durability and structural performance under diverse environmental conditions.
Challenges in the dose calculation from urine measurements in routine internal monitoring of I and other radionuclides.
Meisenberg O, Mohsin A
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40423825 · Full text
The measurement of 24-hour urine samples is one of the methods of routine monitoring of intakes of radionuclides. It is briefly mentioned in relevant documents by the International Commission on Radiological Protection t...
The measurement of 24-hour urine samples is one of the methods of routine monitoring of intakes of radionuclides. It is briefly mentioned in relevant documents by the International Commission on Radiological Protection that for I the strong decrease of the excretion within the first days after an intake makes the dose calculation from urine measurements unreliable when the time pattern of the intake is unknown. This can result in a major overestimation of the committed effective dose. For quantifying the influence of the time pattern of an intake on the dose, the results of the dose calculation for an acute intake at the midpoint of a monitoring interval (standard assumption) were compared with those for a chronic intake with varying daily activity. For I, aerosols type F, the standard assumption of an acute intake can lead to an overestimation of the calculated dose by a factor of 140 on average as compared to a chronic intake. Among other investigated radionuclides, the strongest overestimation was found for C, gas/vapour type F, when measured every 180 days (factor of 330), although this method complies with current criteria from the international standard ISO 20553. It is recommended that ISO 20553 is supplemented with a criterion that describes the reliability of a monitoring method under different time patterns of an intake additional to the existing criteria. This criterion should set an upper limit for the ratio of the dose calculations under the described assumptions.
Monte carlo analysis of low-energy 125I brachytherapy: implications for clinical dosimetry.
Liu J, Quan ZW, Mostafa OM … +1 more , Medhat ME
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40377661 · Publisher ↗
One of the primary limitations of the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group is that it does not consider attenuation effects from individual sources in multi-source brach...
One of the primary limitations of the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group is that it does not consider attenuation effects from individual sources in multi-source brachytherapy implants. To address this issue, the inter-source effect (ISE) parameter has been introduced. In the present study the ISE is evaluated and compared for several I brachytherapy sources simulating three different I source models with the Geant4 code. The validity of these models was confirmed by comparing their dosimetric parameters - such as the radial dose and anisotropy functions - with those reported in previous work. The ISE parameters and corresponding attenuation factors (µ) were determined for each source at various distances in a three-source implant configuration. The results emphasize the importance of accounting for inter-source attenuation in clinical dosimetry to prevent dose overestimation, as ISE and µ are highly dependent on factors like source spacing, orientation, and implant geometry, necessitating case-specific calculations for optimal treatment planning. The present study provides critical insights for improving accuracy in dose delivery in brachytherapy, particularly for low-energy I sources, and underscores the need for careful consideration of source design and configuration in clinical practice.
Astronaut dose coefficients calculated using GEANT4 and comparison with ICRP123.
Chen L, Chen X, Huo R … +2 more , Xu S, Xu W
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 Aug · PMID 40298992 · Full text
Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients are fundamental ingredients to calculate astronaut radiation dose in space. For this purpose, the conversion coefficients for isotropic radiation provided by the International Comm...
Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients are fundamental ingredients to calculate astronaut radiation dose in space. For this purpose, the conversion coefficients for isotropic radiation provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in Publication 123 (ICRP123) are widely used. Understanding the uncertainties in these coefficients is important for a precise calculation of radiation dose. In this work, we present a systematic study of unshielded dose coefficients calculated by means of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit and the human voxel phantoms defined in ICRP Publication 110. Four GEANT4 physics lists, featured with two variations of electromagnetic and two variations of hadronic interaction models, were used in the study. Absorbed dose and dose equivalent coefficients with both the ICRP60 and NASA quality factors were calculated, for individual cosmic nuclei with charge from Z 1 to Z 28 and a kinetic energy range from 1 MeV/n to 100 GeV/n. The effective dose equivalent rates in free space at 1 AU were then calculated for each set of dose coefficients. The four effective dose equivalent rates calculated with each physics list agreed within , and on average they were larger than the ICRP123 results by and using the ICRP60 and the NASA quality factor, respectively. These results shed light on the systematic uncertainty of astronaut radiation exposure calculation, particularly from the physics interaction models.
Radiation dose escalation by injecting bismuth, gold and platinum nanoparticles into a tumour during high dose rate Ir brachytherapy: a Monte Carlo study.
Gebremariam T, Geraily G, Longo F … +1 more , Gholami S
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40261354 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this work was to determine and compare the dose enhancement of gold, platinum, and bismuth nanoparticles that were loaded into a tumour during high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. The Geant4 Monte Carlo too...
The purpose of this work was to determine and compare the dose enhancement of gold, platinum, and bismuth nanoparticles that were loaded into a tumour during high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit was used to simulate an HDR Ir radionuclide source. To verify the accuracy of the simulations, the obtained values of air-kerma strength, dose-rate constant (Λ), radial dose function, and 2D anisotropy function (F (r, θ)) were compared with the corresponding published values for the source used. The dose enhancement was computed by injecting 7, 18, and 30 mg/g concentrations of bismuth, platinum, and gold nanoparticles separately into a cube of 1 cm volume of the tumour placed in 20 × 20 × 20 cm of a soft tissue phantom. The absorbed dose to the tumour was quantified as a function of radial distance from the source centre and concentration of each nanoparticle by determining the dose enhancement factor. The dose enhancement factors in the tumour obtained in the presence of bismuth, gold, and platinum nanoparticles with a concentration of 30 mg/g were found to be 1.285, 1.266, and 1.231, respectively. However, beyond the tumour, at greater radial distances from the source centre, low dose enhancements were observed. Notwithstanding in vitro and in vivo studies, Bi NPs scored the highest dose enhancement due to the Bi mass attenuation coefficients in the tumour volume, with percentage dose enhancements up to 28.5% when used in HDR brachytherapy. Although in vitro and in vivo studies were not performed in the present study, it is concluded that for a similar source and concentration of nanoparticles, bismuth nanoparticles show higher dose enhancement than gold and platinum nanoparticles and may show a better clinical usefulness as dose enhancement materials.
Response to comments by Waligorski and Janiak.
Wojcik A, Zölzer F
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40208293 · Publisher ↗
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Correction: Assessing the correlation between Gamma passing rate and clinical dosimetric variations in breast cancer IMRT plans with multi-leaf collimator errors: perspectives from the ArcCHECK QA system.
Li X, Deng J, Wu X … +2 more , Yang H, Huang D
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40192783 · Full text
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Application of the Avrami-Dobrzyński model for mammary tumorigenesis in irradiated rats indicates new candidates for parametric cancer risk assessment.
Krasowska J, Imaoka T, Fornalski KW
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40192782 · Publisher ↗
The two-parametric Avrami-Dobrzyński model, originally based on the condensed matter physics for phase transitions, was applied to the cumulative populational mammary cancer data of laboratory rats. The joint effect of p...
The two-parametric Avrami-Dobrzyński model, originally based on the condensed matter physics for phase transitions, was applied to the cumulative populational mammary cancer data of laboratory rats. The joint effect of parity, irradiation and BRCA1 mutation on breast cancer incidence was analysed. The study showed that the proposed model fits well with the data points, however, the values of parameters differ regarding the investigated group of animals. It was concluded that both model's parameters, which relate to the dimension of carcinogenesis dynamics and the age distribution, are good candidates for cancer risk assessment regarding different risk factors.
Characterization of backscatter factors for various tissue substitutes in diagnostic radiology: a Monte Carlo investigation.
Khallouqi A, Sekkat H, Rhazouani OE … +2 more , Halimi A, Madkouri Y
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40186760 · Publisher ↗
Accurate assessment of backscatter factors (BSFs) is critical in medical dosimetry to precisely quantify the increase in surface dose caused by photon scattering, particularly in the low-energy kilovoltage X-ray beams us...
Accurate assessment of backscatter factors (BSFs) is critical in medical dosimetry to precisely quantify the increase in surface dose caused by photon scattering, particularly in the low-energy kilovoltage X-ray beams used in diagnostic radiology. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of BSF values for diagnostic X-ray beams through Monte Carlo simulations. The interactions of BSFs with widely used tissue substitutes, including water, ICRU tissue, polyester, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and nylon, were examined across a range of conditions, including half-value layer (HVL), field size, and energy spectra. The results demonstrate that BSF values consistently increase with larger field sizes and higher beam energies/HVLs, highlighting the significant impact of these parameters on scatter contributions. Comparative analysis of the materials revealed that water most closely approximates the BSF behaviour of ICRU tissue, with deviations of -2.08-8% across the studied energy range and field sizes. Polyester and PMMA also showed promising agreement, converging to within ± 5% of ICRU tissue at higher energies and larger field sizes. In contrast, nylon exhibited more substantial deviations, particularly in smaller field sizes and lower energies. These findings provide essential insights to improve the accuracy of dosimetric models and enhance radiation safety in diagnostic radiology applications.
Correction: Relationships between protection and operational dosimetric quantities for external exposure to natural background radiation.
Ulanowski A, Sato T, Petoussi-Henss N … +1 more , Balonov M
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40156614 · Publisher ↗
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Emerging themes and future directions in space radiation health research: a bibliometric exploration from 2013 to 2022.
Tan J, Zhou Z, Zheng H … +8 more , Li Y, Wang H, Yang Q, Tian H, Chen H, Xie J, Li Z, Chen Y
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40156613 · Full text
The impact of space radiation on health (SRHE) is extensive and significantly influences public health and space operations, making it essential to analyze global collaboration networks and track developmental trends ove...
The impact of space radiation on health (SRHE) is extensive and significantly influences public health and space operations, making it essential to analyze global collaboration networks and track developmental trends over the last decade. However, bibliometric analysis in this area remains limited. This study aims to outline publication trends, citation patterns, major journals, key authors, institutional and national collaborations, and to explore emerging themes and future directions. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, Bibliometrix in R, and VOSviewer on SRHE research from the Web of Science Core Collection up to November 12, 2023. The analysis included 390 records from 4,857 journals, involving 1,918 authors across 701 institutions in 53 countries. The predominant publications were Articles and Review Articles in Life Sciences and Biomedicine, with a notable publication surge in 2020. The most cited work was by Li et al. (2017), with Cucinotta F.A. as the most prolific author. The USA led in publications, citations, and collaboration strength, followed by Germany and China. Key journals include Radiation Research, Plos One, Life Sciences in Space Research, and Health Physics. Research has focused on radiation exposure effects, DNA damage repair, astronaut health risks, and radiation protection, with emerging trends in microgravity, astrobiology, and lifespan research, which examines the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging and the entire life course, aiming to understand and extend the health span-the period of life free from chronic diseases and age-related disabilities-rather than just the total lifespan. Future research may benefit from focusing on personalized radiation protection, exploring biological mechanisms, and embracing technological innovations, based on the trends observed in this study.
Maintaining competence in radiation protection research: a position statement by the MELODI scientific advisory committee.
Amundson SA, Belli M, Blettner M … +6 more , Borgmann K, Forssell-Aronsson E, Harms-Ringdahl M, Jeggo PA, Niwa O, O'Neill P
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40152977 · Full text
The aim of this position statement is to bring to the forefront the necessity for maintaining and enhancing high competence in assessing the impact of low dose and low dose rate exposure on human health and the urge for...
The aim of this position statement is to bring to the forefront the necessity for maintaining and enhancing high competence in assessing the impact of low dose and low dose rate exposure on human health and the urge for funding to achieve this within Europe. Exposure to low dose/dose rates of radiation can arise from multiple scenarios or events, including natural radiation exposure, the use of radiation in medicine, industry and energy production, terrorist actions and following a nuclear incident or war. Technological developments involving radiation are progressing rapidly and have the potential to benefit mankind and societal issues. The benefit of high dose exposure during radiotherapy is a well-funded area. However, the health consequences of exposure to low doses is not well understood and the area of radiation protection research (RPR) is poorly funded. High quality RPR is essential to allow updating of radiation safety regulations for optimal protection from natural, medical and occupational exposure and for assessment of radiation incidents. Continuous evaluation of risks is essential as technological developments result in new types of radiation exposure. We will overview the technologies and situations which can potentially lead to low dose exposure, evaluate what has been gained from RPR and the questions that still need addressing, discuss the current state of RPR in Europe and highlight the consequences of a failure to adequately fund this area. We conclude that increased funding for RPR is essential to maintain high competence and to allow adequate protection of the public to inevitable low dose radiation exposure.
Internal radiation dose to the herring gull embryo due to Sr in the egg.
Shishkina EA, Khramova E, Mogilnikova N … +2 more , Tryapitsina GA, Pryakhin EA
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40148695 · Publisher ↗
Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic environmental stress, including the changes caused by radioactive contamination of ecosystems. Any radiation-induced biological effects can be the consequence of exposure both aft...
Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic environmental stress, including the changes caused by radioactive contamination of ecosystems. Any radiation-induced biological effects can be the consequence of exposure both after hatching and during the embryonic period. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify radiation doses to the embryo when interpreting observed radiobiological effects in birds. This is especially true for areas contaminated with Ca-like Sr. The levels of radionuclide accumulation in the eggshell can be extremely high, which leads to chronic embryo exposure. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to develop a method to calculate the dose to a herring gull embryo exposed to Sr distributed in egg compartments (shell, embryo body, albumen and yolk). To achieve this, the time-dependent Sr distribution in the egg compartments was modeled. Additionally, dosimetric modeling was carried out to obtain dose factors that convert the radionuclide activity in different compartments of an egg to embryo dose at various stages of embryogenesis. It has been shown that the accumulated dose to the herring gull embryo can be calculated based on Sr total activity in the egg using a dose conversion factor of 0.44 μGy Bq. Since the eggshell contains more than 90% of total Sr activity, the conversion from eggshell activity to embryo dose would be practically the same as that from the total egg activity - 0.46 μGy Bq. The main dose fraction (~ 99%) accumulates at the last stage of embryogenesis (from 13 to 26 days). The proposed method allows for an estimation of individual radiation doses to embryos based on eggshell radiometry. This creates a new opportunity to study how dangerous any radiation exposure of birds could be during the embryonic period.
Comparing texture analysis of pretreatment F-FDG PET and Ga-PSMA PET in patients with prostate cancer: investigation of diagnostic efficacy and prognostic biomarker.
Kenawy MA, Abdelhafez HM, Al-Fatlawi M … +3 more , Jassim TN, Jasim AS, Alashkar EM
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40137954 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of textural parameters and current parameters of F-fluorodeoxyglucose and Ga-labeled prostate-specific antigen positron emission tomography (FDG and PSMA PET) images in...
This study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of textural parameters and current parameters of F-fluorodeoxyglucose and Ga-labeled prostate-specific antigen positron emission tomography (FDG and PSMA PET) images in prostate cancer (PCa) and compare the features retrieved from both scans. Based on symptoms, digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood, or histopathology from transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy and 4Kscore Test, 120 patients have confirmed PCa. Sixty of them were scanned on a PET/CT machine using F-FDG, and the other 60 patients were scanned using Ga-PSMA of radiopharmacy. Each tumour was delineated using PET. Edge texture parameters were used to define each tumour, and 73 features in all were taken from eight distinct texture matrices and computed using the open-source program Chang-Gung Image Texture Analysis (CGITA). Using Spearman correlation, feature correlation with conventional quantitative metrics (Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax), Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG), Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV)) was investigated, and it was found that the High-Intensity Low-Energy Radiation (HILRE) correlation was strong. PCa was best discriminated by HILRE (64-bin) in receiver operating characteristic curves. It is concluded that Ga-PSMA-based PET imaging is better than F-FDG-based PET and is strongly associated with PCa tumour allocation. According to extracted features, HILRE is the most significant measure and it is, thus, considered here an independent predictor of PCa prognosis. Although the study's findings are helpful, confirmation by further prospective research is required.
Impact of meteorological factors and atmospheric particulate matter on background radiation.
Hung MC
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40111440 · Publisher ↗
The interactions between meteorological factors, atmospheric particulate matter (PM), and background radiation were investigated in this study. Three databases that recorded these data in Taipei were used and multiple li...
The interactions between meteorological factors, atmospheric particulate matter (PM), and background radiation were investigated in this study. Three databases that recorded these data in Taipei were used and multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the data. It turned out the distributions of meteorological factors, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and background radiation differed significantly between periods of sunny and rainy hours. Background radiation was positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity, but negatively correlated with wind speed on sunny and rainy days. In particular, background radiation significantly increased with PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations on sunny days or nights. However, on rainy days or nights, the background radiation significantly increased with precipitation, regardless of the PM concentration. The effects of PM2.5, PM10 and precipitation on background radiation were found to last up to 1, 5 and 4 h, respectively. In conclusion, meteorological factors and PM have significantly different effects on background radiation on sunny and rainy hours.
Commissioning and performance assessment of diodes and MOSFETs in in-vivo dosimetry for external beam radiation therapy.
Al Kharusi O, Al Mamari R, Al Hosni B … +4 more , Al Amri I, Al Fishawy M, Boulassel MR, Bouchareb Y
Radiat Environ Biophys · 2025 May · PMID 40035814 · Publisher ↗
The precision of radiation therapy treatment depends on several calibration and quality assurance processes. In-vivo dosimetry (IVD) is used in external beam radiotherapy to evaluate the delivered versus planned dose as...
The precision of radiation therapy treatment depends on several calibration and quality assurance processes. In-vivo dosimetry (IVD) is used in external beam radiotherapy to evaluate the delivered versus planned dose as a patient-specific quality assurance verification procedure. This study aimed at assessing the performance of diodes (EDP-103G and EDP-203G) and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and corresponding correction factors followed by IVD evaluation in different treatment configurations. Linearity, stability, gantry angle, field size, and source-to-subject distance (SSD) were assessed across various photon energies, with correction factors determined. To minimize patient movement uncertainty, the study utilized the Alderson Rando phantom to replicate clinical setups, comparing diode and MOSFET dose readings to treatment planning system (TPS) doses. Diodes and MOSFETs were evaluated across different photon energy levels for brain, chest, and pelvis planning sites. Diodes and MOSFETs demonstrated good stability and linearity at the different utilized photon beams. Data analysis showed that MOSFETs had a slightly higher sensitivity compared to diodes in gantry angle, field size and SSD corrections. Regarding the validation process after applying the correction factors, dose variations between diode readings and TPS doses were found to be 1.89%, 1.58%, and 6.72% for brain, breast, and pelvis, respectively. In contrast, MOSFET readings were 2.40% for brain, 2.03% for chest, and 2.03% for pelvis. It is concluded that, while diode and MOSFET dosimeters both allowed for accurate patient dose measurements, for different anatomical sites, MOSFETs demonstrated better performance for the pelvis compared to diodes.
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