Journal Of Dental Hygiene[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Effectiveness of Online Faculty Calibration Activities.
Biorn CM, Rogo EJ, Williams R
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816621
Dental hygiene faculty members must be able to provide evidence of skill calibration for clinical evaluation of students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of online instructional videos compare...
Dental hygiene faculty members must be able to provide evidence of skill calibration for clinical evaluation of students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of online instructional videos compared to in-person sessions for faculty calibration. A randomized crossover pretest/posttest research design was used to evaluate online and in-person faculty calibration activities. Fifteen faculty members from a baccalaureate dental hygiene program were randomly assigned to an AB or BA sequence for calibration sessions on two different instruments. Following a 2-week washout period, the groups switched activity modalities. A pretest, posttest, and retention test, administered 10 weeks following the activity, were administered to determine learning levels and the new and retained knowledge. A 7-point Likert scale questionnaire evaluated the reaction to and impact of the calibration activities. Descriptive statistics analyzed demographic and Likert scale data. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the research questions (≤0.05). Online calibration activities yielded higher posttest scores than in-person activities (=0.01). Findings related to feelings of confidence revealed a greater percentage of participants agreed that online calibration activities increased their ability to evaluate student performance. Findings related to feelings of preparedness supported equal percentages of participants who agreed the online and in-person activities increased their ability to teach dental hygiene instrumentation. There was no significant difference between in-person and online retention test scores (=0.235). Faculty members agreed that both online and in-person calibration activities were an effective use of their time and contributed to greater feelings of confidence and preparedness. However, the online calibration activities seemed to be more effective at increasing calibration on instrumentation. More research is needed to determine additional effective strategies for online calibration of clinical faculty.
100 Years of Dental Hygiene Research: Progress and possibilities.
Pieren JA, Wilder RS, Spolarich AE
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816620
During the last century, the role of dental hygienists as leaders in the recognition, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases has grown, reflecting the ever-evolving knowledge base of the profession. The American Dent...
During the last century, the role of dental hygienists as leaders in the recognition, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases has grown, reflecting the ever-evolving knowledge base of the profession. The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) has contributed to and supported research that has formulated the scientific basis for the profession to inform education and practice. Progress has been made across multiple priority areas identified on the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda, including educational research examining the impact of curriculum models on teaching and learning; health services research projects documenting workforce issues and cost-effectiveness of practice models; and public health initiatives expanding access to care to provide oral health care services for diverse patient populations. The Journal of Dental Hygiene, established in 1927, has played a significant role in disseminating scientific evidence to the global dental hygiene and professional communities. Collaborative efforts both within dental hygiene and externally with interprofessional partners and key stakeholders have positively contributed towards building the research infrastructure to support the profession. The number of dental hygienists who are actively engaged in research has increased, as has the value for research as part of the research culture. Focused research priorities and training efforts have encouraged collaborations across the globe to conduct and promote the science supporting dental hygiene education and practice. Development, testing and validation of theoretical frameworks is essential to drive all professional activities. Building a community of scholars who will continue to define the dental hygiene discipline through scholarship is critical to promote a scholarly identity for the profession.
Trends in Dental Hygiene Academic Leadership Development: Influencers, barriers, and enabling mechanisms.
Brame JL
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816619
This quantitative exploratory study was designed to learn about trends and forces impacting leadership development (LD) opportunities for dental hygiene (DH) program directors. A 10-item electronic survey was created and...
This quantitative exploratory study was designed to learn about trends and forces impacting leadership development (LD) opportunities for dental hygiene (DH) program directors. A 10-item electronic survey was created and disseminated using Qualtrics system to directors of all accredited DH programs in the United States (n=325). Surveys included closed and open-ended response items to capture quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic categorization of free responses. Eight-two surveys were returned (25% response rate). Leadership development training experiences varied among participants; 79% (n=65) reported completing some form of LD training. Institutional support was variable amongst the DH program directors, yet most (76%, n=62) indicated some level of school support for LD training opportunities for DH program directors. Feedback indicated that most options included campus-sponsored courses or events (28%, n=47), professional association courses or events (24%, n=40), and programs within the school, department, or division (24%, n=40). Study findings support positive perceptions of the need, demand, and value of LD. Respondents shared beliefs in the benefits of LD and the value of placing resources to support these opportunities, yet also acknowledged substantial challenges including time, funding, and workforce needs. By addressing barriers and capitalizing on driving forces, programs can create systemic approaches to fostering LD for current and future DH program directors.
Dental Hygiene and Direct Access to Care: Past and present.
Gadbury-Amyot CC, Simmer-Beck ML, Lynch A … +1 more , Rowley LJ
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816618
The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) defines direct access as the ability of a dental hygienist to initiate treatment based on their assessment of patient's needs without the specific authorization of a den...
The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) defines direct access as the ability of a dental hygienist to initiate treatment based on their assessment of patient's needs without the specific authorization of a dentist, treat the patient without the physical presence of a dentist, and maintain a provider-patient relationship. In 2000 there were nine direct access states; currently there are 42 states that have authorized some form of direct access. The ADHA has been instrumental in these legislative initiatives through strong advocacy efforts. While research and data support the benefits of direct preventive/therapeutic care provided by dental hygienists, many barriers remain. This paper chronicles key partnerships which have influenced and advocated for direct access and the recognition of dental hygienists as primary health care providers. The National Governors Association (NGA) released a report in 2014 suggesting that dental hygienists be "deployed" outside of dental offices as one strategy to increase access to oral health care along with reducing restrictive dental practice acts and increasing the scope of practice for dental hygienists. The December 2021 release of the National Institutes of Health report, Oral Health in America, further supports greater access to dental hygiene preventive/therapeutic care. This paper also reflects on opportunities and barriers as they relate to workforce policy, provides examples of effective state policies, and illustrates an educational curriculum specifically created to prepare dental hygienists to provide oral health services in settings outside of the dental office. Dental hygiene education must ensure that graduates are future-ready as essential health care providers, prepared to deliver direct access to dental hygiene care.
Color-Blind Racial Attitudes in Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Students in Virginia.
Ludwig EA, Suedbeck JR
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816617
Subscribing to color-blind racial attitudes may contribute to inequities in the delivery of oral care and affect treatment of diverse patients. The purpose of this study was to survey all entry-level dental hygiene stude...
Subscribing to color-blind racial attitudes may contribute to inequities in the delivery of oral care and affect treatment of diverse patients. The purpose of this study was to survey all entry-level dental hygiene students in one state to determine color-blind racial attitudes. After IRB approval, a convenience sample of 220 dental hygiene students in all entry-level programs in Virginia were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. The Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS), an effective, validated measuring instrument, was used to quantify unawareness of contemporary racist ideals. Three subscales (Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination, and Blatant Racial Issues) were also measured by the survey. Descriptive statistics, separate one-way between-subjects ANOVA, and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. One hundred and sixty (n=160) dental hygiene students completed the survey. Independent samples t-tests revealed statistically significant differences when comparing year in program and program type. Participants in their second year of dental hygiene education had significantly lower overall CoBRAS scores compared to those in their first year of education (M=50.76, M=59.13, respectively; =0.004). Participants enrolled in a baccalaureate dental hygiene (B.S.) program had significantly lower overall CoBRAS scores compared to those enrolled in an associate (A.S.) program (M=50.53, M=59.54, respectively; =0.002). Participants possessed moderate levels of color-blindness suggesting a need for more awareness and training early in dental hygiene education to increase delivery of culturally competent oral healthcare.
The Effects of Dental Hygiene Instrument Handles on Muscle Activity Production.
Suedbeck JR, Russell D, Armitano-Lago C … +1 more , Ludwig EA
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816616
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ten commercially available instrument handle designs' mass and diameter on forearm muscle activity during a simulated periodontal scaling experience. A convenienc...
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ten commercially available instrument handle designs' mass and diameter on forearm muscle activity during a simulated periodontal scaling experience. A convenience sample of 25 registered dental hygienists were recruited for this IRB-approved study. Ten commercially available instruments were categorized into four groups based on their masses and diameters: large diameter/light mass, small diameter/light mass, large diameter/heavy mass, and small diameter/heavy mass. Participants were randomized to four instruments with one from each group. Participants scaled with each instrument in a simulated oral environment while muscle activity was collected using surface electromyography. Muscle activity was compared among the four instrument group types. Muscle activity of the flexor digitorum superficialis was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (=0.60) or diameter (=0.15). Flexor pollicis longus muscle activity was not significantly influenced by instrument mass (=0.81); diameter had a significant effect (=0.001) with smaller diameter instruments producing more muscle activity. For the extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi radialis brevis, instrument mass did not significantly affect muscle activity (=0.64, =0.43), while diameter narrowly failed to reach significance for both muscles (=0.08, =0.08); muscle activity for both muscles increased with smaller diameter instruments. Results from this study indicate instrument diameter is more influential than mass on muscle activity generation; small diameter instruments increased muscle activity generation when compared to large diameter instruments. Future research in real-world settings is needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings.
Brushing Behavior Changes and Plaque Removal with an Electric Toothbrush: A clinical trial.
Adam R, Zou Y, Grender J … +3 more , Mesples U, Erb J, Bray KK
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816615
To evaluate changes in toothbrushing behavior and plaque removal performance with usage of a next generation oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush (NG-OR). This exploratory clinical study had a two-treatment, three-pe...
To evaluate changes in toothbrushing behavior and plaque removal performance with usage of a next generation oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush (NG-OR). This exploratory clinical study had a two-treatment, three-period, single-group, sequential design. Generally healthy adults with a screening whole mouth mean Turesky modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI) score of at least 1.75 on a 0-5 scale and who were primarily OR brush users were enrolled. Participants used each OR toothbrush in A-B-B order, where a currently marketed OR brush with a traditional mechanical drive system (T-OR) was used in period A and the NG-OR brush with a linear magnetic drive was used in period B. At Visit 1, qualifying participants brushed on-site with T-OR. After a 48h washout, participants returned for Visit 2 and brushed on-site with NG-OR. Participants then used NG-OR for 1 week, twice daily, at home and returned for Visit 3 to brush on-site with NG-OR again. For all on-site brushings, participants were instructed to brush for 2min without interactive features. Each toothbrush was tagged with a transmitter chip connected to a Motion Tracking System to record movements of the toothbrush and participant using infrared light transmission to determine Isochronicity (brushing time uniformly distributed across the dentition). Plaque was measured using TQHPI. Primary variables were Isochronicity and TQHPl whole mouth mean plaque reduction (pre-brushing minus post brushing). Overall, 41 participants enrolled and received treatment; 40 completed the trial. NG-OR showed significantly greater Isochronicity after a single brushing (=0.043) and after a 1-week at-home use (=0.001) versus T-OR. NG-OR showed 41% greater whole mouth plaque removal than T-OR (<0.001) after a single brushing. Plaque reduction by region/surface was consistent with whole mouth results. The NG-OR brush showed greater brushing uniformity and plaque removal versus the T-OR brush.
Dental Hygiene Research It's Momentous!
Draper CK, Slot DE
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816614
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
A Comparison of Generation Z and Millennial Dental Hygiene Students' Preferred Learning Styles.
Turner AM, Gurenlian JR
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816613
Learning styles have been studied in dental and generational research, but research has been limited with Millennial and Generation Z dental hygiene students. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study was to det...
Learning styles have been studied in dental and generational research, but research has been limited with Millennial and Generation Z dental hygiene students. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study was to determine if and to what extent there was a difference between Generation Z and Millennial dental hygiene students' preferred learning styles. First- and second-year dental hygiene students attending three programs located in Southern California were invited to participate in the study. Additional participants were recruited through dental hygiene social media sites. The 44 item Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS) was administered via an online survey platform. Millennial and Generation Z participants were compared on the four dimensions of the ILS: active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, visual/verbal, and sequential/global. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent samples t-test. A total of 150 dental hygiene students agreed to participate; Millennials (n=61), Generation Z (n=89). There was no significant difference between Millennial and Generation Z students in the active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, or sequential/global dimensions (>0.05); both cohorts preferred the active, sensing, and sequential learning styles. There was a statistically significant difference in the visual/verbal dimension with Millennials indicating a significantly greater preference for the visual learning style than Generation Z (=0.04). There may be differences between the learning styles of Millennial and Generation Z dental hygiene students. The finding that Generation Z students differ significantly from Millennials on the visual-verbal dimension may indicate a shift toward the verbal dimension learning style that needs further study.
Igniting a Movement in a Dual Licensed Dental Workforce: The Minnesota Model.
Brickle CM, Jacobi DA, Larkin CE
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816612
Increased awareness of oral health disparities in the United States has highlighted the need to expand the workforce and access to both primary and preventive dental care. Achieving oral health equity will require new de...
Increased awareness of oral health disparities in the United States has highlighted the need to expand the workforce and access to both primary and preventive dental care. Achieving oral health equity will require new dental team members with appropriate clinical skills dedicated to reaching historically marginalized populations through intra and interprofessional practice. Collective efforts by health care advocates in Minnesota led to legislation that created a dental hygiene-based workforce model inspired by the vision and foresight of the American Dental Hygienists' Association's "Advanced Dental Hygiene Practitioner." In July 2023, there were 141 licensed dental therapists and 99 certified advanced dental therapists, with the majority being dual-licensed dental hygienists/dental therapists, providing primary care services in a variety of settings throughout the state. Current data confirm their contributions to increasing access to primary oral health care services for Minnesotans across the lifespan. While surmountable challenges remain, new opportunities are emerging for dental therapists within Minnesota's transforming health care system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of this new workforce model in Minnesota, its challenges and successes to assist other states in developing new models for intraprofessional dental team members.
Health Topics Emerged From Brief Motivational Interviewing: A randomized clinical trial.
Arnett M, Paulson DR, Evans MD … +2 more , Blue C, Reibel YG
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816611
The goal of this study was to analyze transcription of audio recordings to determine health topics that emerged from brief-motivational interviewing (MI) compared to traditional oral hygiene instructions (OHI). Fifty-eig...
The goal of this study was to analyze transcription of audio recordings to determine health topics that emerged from brief-motivational interviewing (MI) compared to traditional oral hygiene instructions (OHI). Fifty-eight periodontal maintenance patients were randomized to a brief-MI or traditional OHI group for a longitudinal 1-year clinical trial. Both groups received four patient education sessions per their assigned group. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded. The overarching themes and subthemes emerged were quantified and reported as the number of instances per participant. Global scores and behavioral counts were compared across baseline, 4, 8, and 12-month research visits using mixed-effect models. Of the six overarching themes, the brief-MI group evoked more topics toward total health. Oral home care behaviors (15 vs 10.2) and oral diseases/conditions (3.3 vs 1.9) were discussed more in the brief-MI group compared to the traditional OHI group. This positive outcome for the average number of times a health topic was discussed in the brief-MI group compared to the traditional OHI group continued for the remaining major themes: lifestyle behaviors (1.0 vs 0.4), nutrition (2.6 vs 0.8), emotional/mental health (1.8 vs 0.8) and general health (1.2 vs 0.4). This study identified that brief-MI was a more successful communication approach to increase discussions of oral home care behaviors, oral diseases/conditions, lifestyle behaviors, nutrition, emotional/mental health and general health compared to traditional OHI in individuals with periodontitis.
Populational Variations of Cheiloscopy Patterns: A cross-sectional observation pilot study.
Regan ES, Bradshaw BT, Bruhn AM … +2 more , Melvin W, Sikdar S
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816610
Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking...
Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analyzed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n=76, 30.2%, and without habits n=176, 69.8%) were analyzed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi-squared test, p=0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications.
Efficacy of water flossing on clinical parameters of inflammation and plaque: A four-week randomized controlled trial.
Mancinelli-Lyle D, Qaqish JG, Goyal CR … +1 more , Schuller R
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Oct · PMID 37816609
The primary prevention of periodontitis is controlling gingivitis daily. The study objective was to compare the efficacy of a pulsating water flosser to a pulsating water flosser infused with air microbubbles on clinical...
The primary prevention of periodontitis is controlling gingivitis daily. The study objective was to compare the efficacy of a pulsating water flosser to a pulsating water flosser infused with air microbubbles on clinical signs of inflammation and plaque. One hundred and five participants were enrolled in this single-blind, single-center, parallel, four-week, IRB/IEC-approved clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: water flosser (WF) plus manual toothbrush, water flosser infused with microbubbles of air (MBWF) plus manual toothbrush, or dental floss (DF) plus manual toothbrush. Bleeding on probing (BOP), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Rustogi Modification Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) scores were recorded at baseline, 2-weeks, and 4-weeks. All participants completed the study (n=105). All groups showed a statistically significant reduction for BOP, MGI, and RMNPI at 4-weeks (<0.05, except DF marginal RMNPI). The WF group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in whole mouth BOP (0.41) compared to MBWF (0.32) and DF (0.19). This was also true for MGI (0.37, 0.30, and 0.20, respectively) and RMNPI (0.13, 0.11, and 0.06, respectively) (<0.05 for all comparisons). No adverse events were reported. This study demonstrates that a manual toothbrush and water flosser, with or without microbubbles, is an effective oral care regimen for controlling gingivitis over four weeks.
The Social Intelligence Self-care Conceptual Model.
Rogo EJ, Hodges KO, Evans JL
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553283
Person-centered care focuses on the whole person as a unique individual whose perspective, as well as their family's perspective, is integrated into the provision of care. The purpose of this study was to describe the pe...
Person-centered care focuses on the whole person as a unique individual whose perspective, as well as their family's perspective, is integrated into the provision of care. The purpose of this study was to describe the perspectives of patients regarding the influence of dental hygienist providers' Social Intelligence on self-care and to create a Social Intelligence Self-care Conceptual Model. An investigator-designed questionnaire was administered to patients who received care at a dental hygiene program clinic following a minimum of one 15-minute self-care education session. Five open-ended items relating to patients' perspectives of the dental hygienist providers' Social Intelligence on self-care included: 1) commitment 2) partnering 3) responsibility, 4) positive social qualities and 5) negative social qualities. Responses were analyzed and themes developed for the first three items. Social Intelligence capabilities were used to analyze the last two items. A total of 103 participants responded to the questionnaire. Themes for the first three items were: 1) interactions promoting encouragement and that are educational and individualized, 2) personal and shared responsibility, and 3) helpful, collaborative, and negative partners. Analysis of the last two items regarding influential positive and negative qualities yielded adapted Social Intelligence capabilities definitions. A Social Intelligence Self-care Conceptual Model was created by combining the study's results, the concepts of the Client Self-care Commitment Model, and the philosophy of person-centered care. Social Intelligence was apparent in participants' interpersonal interactions with dental hygiene care providers that were encouraging, educational, and individualized. Other influential interactions in relationship building were revealed in the themes of shared responsibility, helpful and collaborative partnerships and positive qualities demonstrated by dental hygienists. The Social Intelligence conceptual model may be valuable to implement into education and practice with the goal of improving person-centered care and the client's oral health.
Dental Hygiene Educators' Perspectives Towards Manikin Testing for Clinical Licensure Examination.
Penning CA, Bono LK, Gurenlian JR
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553282
The use of manikin testing was recently introduced for dental hygiene licensure examinations. There is currently a lack of research about the efficacy and accuracy of manikin testing for clinical licensure. The purpose o...
The use of manikin testing was recently introduced for dental hygiene licensure examinations. There is currently a lack of research about the efficacy and accuracy of manikin testing for clinical licensure. The purpose of this study is to identify perceptions of dental hygiene educators regarding the use of manikins for the dental hygiene clinical licensure exam. This qualitative study used an exploratory, online, focus group design with 20 dental hygiene educator participants recruited through purposive sampling. Pseudonyms were used to protect participants confidentiality. Two groups of educators were from institutions that did not use manikin testing during COVID-19, and two groups of educators were from institutions that did use manikin testing during the same time period. Themes were analyzed using the classic analysis strategy. Validity was established using investigator triangulation, member checks, and saturation. Lack of knowledge including preconceived assumptions regarding manikin examinations; testing considerations with benefits and concerns regarding manikins versus live patients; and perceptions regarding the value of single point in time clinical licensure examinations were the three major themes identified by the participants. The manikin exam appeared to address ethical concerns, however, there were limitations in relation to assessing critical thinking and decision-making skills. Some participants expressed that graduation from an accredited dental hygiene program was considered sufficient for licensure. Future studies should include comparisons of recent graduates who complete a clinical licensure examination versus those who do not complete a clinical licensure examination.
Mixed Methods or Mixed Up?
Gurenlian J
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553280
Confusion exists among some researchers and educators regarding the classification of research designs. Some classify quantitative research studies as mixed methods research when using and analyzing open-ended items on a...
Confusion exists among some researchers and educators regarding the classification of research designs. Some classify quantitative research studies as mixed methods research when using and analyzing open-ended items on a survey. Therefore, the purpose of this short report is to describe the mixed methods research design and distinguish it from other research methods. Types of mixed methods designs and key questions to consider for this approach are discussed.
Sampling Methods: A guide for researchers.
Spolarich AE
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553279
Sampling is a critical element of research design. Different methods can be used for sample selection to ensure that members of the study population reflect both the source and target populations, including probability a...
Sampling is a critical element of research design. Different methods can be used for sample selection to ensure that members of the study population reflect both the source and target populations, including probability and non-probability sampling. Power and sample size are used to determine the number of subjects needed to answer the research question. Characteristics of individuals included in the sample population should be clearly defined to determine eligibility for study participation and improve power. Sample selection methods differ based on study design. The purpose of this short report is to review common sampling considerations and related errors.
Oral and Systemic Health Implications of Electronic Cigarette Usage as Compared to Conventional Tobacco Cigarettes: A review of the literature.
Abbott AJ, Reibel YG, Arnett MC … +2 more , Marka N, Drake MA
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553278
The health implications related to electronic cigarettes are not fully understood and has created a public health concern. The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the oral and systemic health concerns assoc...
The health implications related to electronic cigarettes are not fully understood and has created a public health concern. The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the oral and systemic health concerns associated with electronic cigarettes and compare these concerns to those associated with conventional tobacco cigarettes. The literature was obtained from PubMed, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases in June 2021 and updated in February 2023. Sources were chosen based on the following inclusion criteria: date of publication between 2011 and 2023 and written in English. Articles were excluded based on irrelevance to the topic, weak study designs, lack of outcome data, low quality randomized control trials, unavailability of the full text article, and non-empirical research designs. The Cochrane tool, ROBINS-I, was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 78 studies were included in the review. E-cigarette use was associated with significant adverse effects for cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological, and periodontal health as compared to nonusers; however, impacts were worse with conventional smoked cigarettes. Long term health effects remain unknown with e-cigarettes, but associations have been identified with periodontal and peri-implant disease, oral cancer, and mental health disorders. The heterogeneity of e-cigarette use related to vaping behavior, devices, and liquids limits the ability to generalize results. There is a need for the development of a research standard for exposure methods to establish a consensus with e-cigarette use and support the validity of results among researchers. According to current research, e-cigarettes may induce less harm than traditional tobacco products, but e-cigarettes do not remove the carcinogenic and toxic risk that has been associated with conventional cigarettes. Further research is needed to make broad conclusions on the safety of e-cigarettes compared to conventional cigarettes and to nonusers.
The Effect of Dental Flossing Instructions and Technique on Interproximal Bleeding: A randomized control trial.
Basali DH, Hong I, Finkleman M … +4 more , Dragan IF, Gyurko R, Uzel NG, Levi PA
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553277
Dental floss has been promoted reduce the effects from interdental microbial biofilm, however its efficacy has been questioned in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare daily flossing instructions using...
Dental floss has been promoted reduce the effects from interdental microbial biofilm, however its efficacy has been questioned in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare daily flossing instructions using an adapted horizontal vertical flossing technique (AHVFT) and routine oral hygiene on gingival inflammation as indicated by bleeding on probing (BoP). This randomized single-blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted with non-smoking adults presenting with gingivitis and no other systemic diseases. Eligible participants were recruited from a dental school patient population and were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A (experimental group) was instructed in how to use the AHVFT once daily and Group B (control group) was asked to continue with their regular oral hygiene practices. Clinical evaluations (interproximal BoP measurements) were performed by blinded, calibrated examiners at two, four, and eight-week intervals; the percentage of sites with interproximal BoP was recorded. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A total of 36 eligible participants were enrolled in the study: Group A (n=18), Group B (n=18). The mean (±SD) percentage of interproximal sites with BoP was 26.3 (±4.7), 8.6 (±7.3), 7.2 (±5.2), and 7.9 (±5.8) for Group A at baseline, two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks, respectively. The corresponding values for Group B were 25.8 (±9.9), 15.6 (±12.4), 12.3 (±12.2), and 18.0 (±13.1), respectively. The percentage of sites with BoP was significantly lower for Group A than for Group B (=.015 at two weeks, =.009 at four weeks, and <.001 at eight weeks). Within each group, the percentage of sites with BoP was significantly lower when compared with baseline (<.008). At the final visit, the percent reduction in BoP for Group A was 70% and 30% for Group B compared with baseline. Most (88.2%) of Group A participants demonstrated mastery of the AHVFT at eight weeks. Participants who received Instruction with the daily use of the AHVFT were shown to have reductions in interproximal BoP as compared to participants who had not received instructions in the AHVFT. Positive gingival health outcomes with dental flossing may be technique sensitive.
Dental Hygienists' Familiarity, Utilization, and Barriers to Using Advanced Instruments during Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy.
Peltz KM, Rulli DM, Eber R … +2 more , Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Kinney JS
J Dent Hyg · 2023 Aug · PMID 37553276
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is considered to be fundamental in the treatment of periodontal disease. Advanced area specific instruments were designed to increase the clinician's ability to effectively access...
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is considered to be fundamental in the treatment of periodontal disease. Advanced area specific instruments were designed to increase the clinician's ability to effectively access root furcation areas during NSPT. The purpose of this study was to explore clinical dental hygienists' familiarity, utilization, and perceived efficacy of advanced instruments in root furcation areas during NSPT. A randomized sample (n=3,500) of licensed dental hygienists in Michigan was invited to participate in a paper-based, mail survey. The 10-item instrument consisted of demographic, multiple choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A total of 1,156 surveys were returned; 858 met the inclusion criteria for a response rate of 24.5%. Respondents who graduated between 2010-2020 than those who graduated between 1990-1999 were more likely to utilize advanced instruments and those who graduated in 1989 or earlier (16.0% and 19.9% respectively). Respondents familiar with advanced instruments were more likely to use them in furcation areas during NSPT than those less familiar with the instruments (95% CI [18.1, 29.6], <0.001). Respondents who perceived advanced instruments to be effective in furcation areas were more likely to utilize them (95% CI [1.0, 8.0], <0.05) during NSPT. Most respondents indicated that they became familiar with advanced instruments during their dental hygiene education or through continuing education courses. Familiarity with advanced instruments and perceived efficacy of these instruments for accessing root furcations increased the likelihood of clinical dental hygienists utilizing them during NSPT. Dental hygiene education and continuing education programs should continue to provide opportunities for students and practicing clinicians to learn NSPT instrumentation techniques utilizing advanced instruments designed for furcation access.
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