Voprosy Pitaniia[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Rats' liver morphological features under conditions of different supply with vitamins and minerals].
Nikitin NS, Tyshko NV
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198407 · Publisher ↗
The current practice of novel food safety assessment in the Russian Federation involves toxicological studies on the alimentary model of adaptation potential reduction of laboratory animals. Since vitamin and mineral def...
The current practice of novel food safety assessment in the Russian Federation involves toxicological studies on the alimentary model of adaptation potential reduction of laboratory animals. Since vitamin and mineral deficiency can affect the size of structural elements of tissues, an objective estimation of the results obtained using this model is possible when determining the range of fluctuations of the studied morphometric parameters under conditions of different essential substances' supply, as well as under conditions of simulated toxic effects on the background of the corresponding supply. of the research was to investigate the morphological and morphometric features of the liver under the influence of reduced intake of vitamins and mineral elements in the combination with toxic effects of various nature, during growth and puberty of male Wistar rats. . The article analyzed data of 4 model experiments on 140 animals that received semi-synthetic casein diet with different supply of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and mineral elements Fe and Mg, as well as data of 2 experiments on 180 animals with simulated toxic load of cadmium (Cd) salts and carbon tetrachloride. The animals were ~95 days old at the time of sampling, the duration of the experiments was ~65 days. For the analysis we used data on rats' body weight on the day of material sampling, absolute and relative liver weight, hepatocyte diameter, nucleus diameter and hepatocyte cytoplasm size in the central and peripheral zones of hepatic lobules. A total of 200 cells were analyzed in each group of animals. In accordance with the study design, all quantitative traits of the groups that received diets with an essential nutrient supply ranging from 75 to 2% were compared with the group that received a complete diet (100%). . Morphometric examination of hepatocytes revealed a linear decrease in the size of cell structural elements in the series of reducing the content of essential micronutrients in the diet. Under the conditions of 2-4% vitamin and mineral supply, cell and nucleus diameters as well as cytoplasm size were by ~16.8, 12.6 and 21.1% (p<0.05) lower respectively than in rats with optimal supply of these substances; under the conditions of 9-19% supply were by ~9.2, 9.7 and 8.7% lower (p<0.05); higher levels of supply caused reduction of hepatocyte, nucleus and cytoplasm sizes in a range not exceeding 5% (p>0.05). When comparing the size of hepatocytes of rats subjected to toxic load with the hepatocytes of rats referred to the reference standard, an increase in the size of hepatocytes under the action of carbon tetrachloride by 17.4% (p<0.05) on average and under the action of cadmium salts by 4.6% (p<0.05) was noted. . Based on the analysis of liver morphological and morphometric studies' data, there were established sizes of hepatocytes structural elements in the rats kept on diets with decreasing supply with B group vitamins, iron and magnesium salts; the linear decrease in the sizes of structural elements of hepatocytes in the series of reduction of B group vitamins, iron and magnesium intake was revealed. Toxic exposures to carbon tetrachloride and cadmium salts against the background of a 19-30-75% supply with essential substances led to an increase in the hepatocytes size, the correlation between the degree of toxicant exposure and the supply level is not significant.
[Spectrum of food diversity of megapolis' inhabitants obtained by the analysis of buying activity].
Pilipenko VI, Isakov VA, Sharaev MG … +1 more , Artemov AV
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198406 · Publisher ↗
The food diversity is a significant indicator of a healthy diet. of the study was to assess the indicators of food diversity in the metropolis (Moscow) based on the analysis of consumer activity in a large retail chain....
The food diversity is a significant indicator of a healthy diet. of the study was to assess the indicators of food diversity in the metropolis (Moscow) based on the analysis of consumer activity in a large retail chain. . 201 904 holders of loyalty cards of the retail network were selected from the depersonalized purchase data for 2016-2018 according to the following selection criteria: the presence of a dense segment of purchases (more than 4 weeks, where there was at least 1 purchase in 2 weeks), where the total cost of purchases was at least 4700 rubles and at least 4 different products were purchased. From of these, 111 136 buyers have data available by gender, 43 046 by age. The classification of a set of purchased products and dishes by food groups was carried out, and complex dishes were transformed into a set of their ingredients and the distribution of the unique values of the corresponding food groups was carried out. Counting the number of unique preferences (count base diversity) by the number of positions in each of the 6 food groups (cereals, fish and meat, fat products, dairy products, vegetables, fruits and berries) allowed us to estimate the amount of food diversity. The total number of food categories in all subgroups was also calculated. . The low value of food diversity in the category of cereals and cereals was found in 2/3 of buyers, in the category of vegetables and fruits in 60% of buyers, in the category of meat and fish products in half of buyers, in the category of fat-and-oil products in 63.7% and in 44.2% of buyers of dairy products. An acceptable total number of categories of purchased products (more than 20 per week) was achieved only in 14.5% of men and 16.7% of women from our sample. In general, lower indicators of dietary diversity are typical for men and young people (up to 45 years old). . Thus, it can be concluded that the importance of food diversity as a factor of health protection is underestimated by the population, especially by young people, which can lead to an increase in the burden on healthcare due to the earlier debut of a wide range of chronic diseases.
[Application of digital transformations of dietary microdata and factor analysis to study the nutritional patterns of breakfast and its significance in providing the nutritional value of the diet of adults].
Martinchik AN, Mikhailov NA, Peskova EV … +1 more , Baturin AK
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198405 · Publisher ↗
Eating disorders with skipping meals are considered as a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. Frequent skipping of meals is associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and ob...
Eating disorders with skipping meals are considered as a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. Frequent skipping of meals is associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day. However, studies on the impact of skipping breakfast on the risk of overweight and obesity are highly controversial. of this study was to analyze the prevalence of skipping the morning breakfast meal and its impact on the actual daily intake of nutrients and energy in the Russian adult population. . The data from a sample survey of dietary intake conducted in 2013 by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service have been used. The analysis included adult respondents (19 years and older) in the amount of 163 000 people in 2 stages of the survey (in April and September). The dietary intake of all members of the surveyed households was studied using the 24-hour recall method. Since the survey questionnaires did not contain information about type of meals, therefore, with the help of binning in thзe SPSS program, time intervals of the maximum food energy intake by the respondents were established, which were taken as evidence of the main meals and snacks. . Of the main meals, the largest proportion of respondents skipped dinner (23.1%), then breakfast (13.0%), and the smallest proportion skipped lunch (5.7%).The proportion of men and women who skipped breakfast was 12.6 and 13.3%, respectively, a greater frequency of skipping breakfast was observed at a young age (19-30 years, 19.3%) and at an old age (75 years and older, 16.1%). With an increase in the average monthly income of a family, the percentage of those who skip breakfast increases. Adult members of families with many children (3 or more children), whose average per capita income is lower than those in families with 2 children, skip breakfast less frequently. The smallest share of people skipping breakfast was found in the North Caucasian and Southern districts, and the maximum in the Siberian and Far Eastern districts. Adults who skipped breakfast had a higher percentage of malnourished (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and normal nutritional status (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). At the same time, the proportion of people who consumed breakfast was significantly higher in overweight people (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and no differences were found among obese people. It is shown that skipping breakfast is accompanied by a decrease in the energy value of the daily diet by an average of 200 kcal. Despite the increase in the caloric content of the 2nd breakfast, afternoon snack and evening snack in absolute terms (р<0.01), there was no compensation for the loss of energy value in the absence of breakfast. A decrease in the absolute values of nutrient intake associated with a decrease in energy consumption was established. However, skipping breakfast showed a decrease in added sugar intake as a per cent of total calorie intake (12.1±8.6 vs 13.2±9.1%, р<0.01), while the contribution of other macronutrients to energy intake did not change significantly. In connection with the heterogeneity of the actual dietary intake of the population, factor analysis was used to describe the main food models of the breakfast using the principal component method. 6 factors were identified that determine the eating patterns of breakfasts and correlate with 2-4 individual food items of actual dietary intake. . The results obtained are consistent in a number of positions with the literature data, in particular, indicating a decrease in daily energy consumption when skipping breakfast.
[Comparative characteristics of the amino acid composition of protein from traditional sources and entomoprotein: calculated data].
Zaitseva NV, Zelenkin SE, Suvorov DV … +4 more , Shur PZ, Lir DN, Khanh CC, Hung NQ
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198404 · Publisher ↗
The growth of the world population leads to an increase in demand for food consumption. Along with the projected reduction in demand for meat products, a search is underway for a new type of food ("novel food"), one of t...
The growth of the world population leads to an increase in demand for food consumption. Along with the projected reduction in demand for meat products, a search is underway for a new type of food ("novel food"), one of the promising options for which are insects. In 2023 the European Commission has registered flour made from house cricket (Acheta domesticus) as a "novel food" for human consumption. Currently, the amino acid composition of both new types of food and the diet that includes them is not regulated. Accordingly, the potential amino acid imbalance in the diet when entomoprotein is included need to be further investigated. of the study was to characterize the amino acid composition of a simulated diet using protein obtained from house cricket. . To assess the balance of diets in terms of amino acid composition, a comparative analysis was made of the actual diet containing protein from traditional foods (scenario 1) and the diet with the likely replacement of beef, pork and poultry with a product containing A. domesticus protein (entomoprotein) (scenario 2). The volume of food consumption has been calculated based on the results of the assessment of a sample survey of household budgets. The study included foods with an established value of annual consumption, that was calculated as daily consumption. The content of essential amino acids in food sources of protein, as well as in the domestic cricket protein, was evaluated using the data from relevant sources. Dietary balance was assessed by calculating its digestibility using data on amino acid scoring, the utility of essential amino acids, the excess content of individual essential amino acids, and the comparable excess content of essential amino acids. . We determined the daily consumption volumes of basic foods, formed consumption scenarios, including with the potential use of a protein product based on entomoprotein. Comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of the diet showed significantly higher content (from 1.4 up to 2.9 times) of amino acids in the diet in scenario 2. The results of calculating the amino acid score and utility coefficient showed that a diet using entomoprotein could provide a better usage of amino acids for protein synthesis compared to the «traditional» diet, however, the digestibility of protein from the traditional diet is higher compared to entomoprotein (96.8 vs 89.1%). . Despite the fact that the utility of essential amino acids in the scenario of replacing meat products with a product containing A. domesticus entomoprotein is higher, while the digestibility of protein is lower, the differences identified are insignificant.
[Review of the possible impact of 100% juices on nutritional quality, risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Polyakov SA, Dobrynin OS, Makarov VS … +2 more , Shashin DL, Khomich LM
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198403 · Publisher ↗
Studies show that fruit juices are a source of macro- and micronutrients. Despite the fact that modern technologies for the industrial processing of fruits into juice are aimed at preserving the bioactive compounds of th...
Studies show that fruit juices are a source of macro- and micronutrients. Despite the fact that modern technologies for the industrial processing of fruits into juice are aimed at preserving the bioactive compounds of the original raw materials, juices are the subject of controversy due to the presence of free sugars and less dietary fiber than in fresh fruits. of the work was to systematize the available studies on the effect of 100% juices on nutrition quality, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. . Systematic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY databases in accordance with the inclusion criteria: the study examined 100% fruit or vegetable juices, the article was in Russian or English in a peer-reviewed journal, the subjects (in the case of clinical studies) were people aged 1 to 18 years and older. 98 sources were analyzed based on the title of the article, of which 35 did not relate to juices. 63 sources were analyzed based on their abstracts, of which 28 were included in the main study. . According to the results of the literature analysis, it follows that moderate consumption of 100% juices not only does not have negative effects on human health, but, on the contrary improve the health of the organism. In particular, its intake helps lower blood pressure and the content of highly sensitive C-reactive protein, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Juices enrich the daily diet due to the macro- and micronutrients they contain, which improves the quality of nutrition in general. Researches prove that there is no correlation between moderate juice consumption and type 2 diabetes onset. The glycemic index of the juices is low or medium, which distinguishes them from standard soft drinks containing sugar. The consumption of juices (100-500 ml/day) does not increase the risk of obesity in adults and children. . Negative effects, such as weight gain and an increased risk of diabetic diseases, can only be observed with excessive consumption of juices.
[Contemporary approaches to the assessment of energy intake and energy expenditure in athletes].
Bushmanova EA, Lyudinina AY
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198402 · Publisher ↗
Assessment and interpreting of the energy expenditure (EE) in highly skilled athletes are important components of an effective training and performance prediction. Each component of EE (resting energy expenditure, thermi...
Assessment and interpreting of the energy expenditure (EE) in highly skilled athletes are important components of an effective training and performance prediction. Each component of EE (resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and physical activity energy expenditure) is closely related to dietary patterns, the intensity and duration of physical activity, as well as a number of other factors that affect the functional state of athletes. Despite the importance of EE in the training process, coaches and athletes often do not take EE into account, which reduces the objectivity of assessing athletes' functional state. of this research was to summarize the recent information on the structure of EE and energy consumption in athletes. . The search and analysis of publications was carried out using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY databases, mainly for the last 10 years, using the search keywords: rest energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, physical activity energy expenditure, energy intake, total energy expenditure, athletes. . This overview includes information on the components of total energy expenditure, such as rest energy expenditure, thermic effect of food and physical activity energy expenditure, as well as generalized information on the factors affecting the variability of their values and methods for assessing one or another type of energy expenditure. International nutritional recommendations regarding the level of physical activity of athletes are systematized, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of methods for studying energy consumption and total energy expenditure are presented. . Combined study of energy intake and energy expenditure will help athletes avoid the negative impact of energy deficiency on performance, and the correct construction of the training process with the maintenance of adequate energy consumption will have a positive impact on the performance and recovery processes after intensive physical exertion.
[Effect of microand nanoplastics as food contaminants on the immune system].
Trushina EN, Riger NA, Mustafina OK … +1 more , Timonin AN
Vopr Pitan · 2023 · PMID 38198401 · Publisher ↗
Currently, due to the increase in the distribution and accumulation of microplastics and nanoplastics (MP and NP) in the environment, their negative impact on human health has become a global problem. of this research w...
Currently, due to the increase in the distribution and accumulation of microplastics and nanoplastics (MP and NP) in the environment, their negative impact on human health has become a global problem. of this research was to analyze the results of the studies on the effect of MPs and NPs on the body and evaluate their impact as pathogenetic factors of immune status disorders in vitro and in vivo. . The search for literary sources was carried out in the PubMed Internet resource, and the Scopus and Web of Science databases were also used. The Springer and Elsevier websites were used to access the full text of the articles. . MP and NP enter the human body through ingestion of food, water, as well as through inhalation and contact with the skin. The results of the studies indicate that MP and NP particles, entering the human body, can move along with the blood and accumulate in various organs: the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys and brain, i.e., to overcome the blood-brain barrier. The immune system is the main regulatory and protective system of the body, playing a major role in the recognition and destruction of foreign antigens of a viral, bacterial and chemical nature. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. Macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells (NK cells), and leukocytes (neutrophils) phagocytize antigens and present them to adaptive immune cells. It has been established that the damaging effect of MPs and NPs on immunity (immunotoxicity) is mainly due to the presence of oxidative stress with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The toxicity of MPs and NPs is realized by reducing the expression of the Nrf2 factor (a redox-sensitive transcription factor that regulates antioxidant protection) and the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. In addition, it was found that the inflammatory process after exposure to MP and NPs is mediated by the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-33 and a decrease in the expression of cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-33 and TGF-β1, which leads to activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cGas/STING pathways. . Analysis of the data of MP and NP effect on the immune system indicates the presence of aseptic chronic inflammation, which requires studying the causes and mechanisms of the development of inflammatory processes.
[Use of secondary raw materials of the wine industry for the production of a functional fermented milk product].
Gasimova AA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887175 · Publisher ↗
The development of new technologies and the production of functional food based on secondary raw materials is an urgent problem that requires careful study. of the research was to study the chemical composition of the p...
The development of new technologies and the production of functional food based on secondary raw materials is an urgent problem that requires careful study. of the research was to study the chemical composition of the powder from the pomace of Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties, as well as the possibility of using this powder for the preparation of functional yogurt. . The study material was pomace from the white technical grape variety Riesling and from the red technical grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon. The object of the study was yogurt prepared in three versions: with the addition of 2, 3 and 4% of grape pomace powder. . Analysis of the chemical composition of the pomace powder showed that the content of «crude» protein in the pomace powder obtained from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was higher than from Riesling (12.8 versus 10.3%). In terms of lysine, valine, histidine, proline and glutamic acid content, Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace powder had higher values. The content of trace elements in the powder obtained from Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace amounted to (mg/100 g): iron - 14.5 and 17.0; zinc - 19 and 25; manganese - 8.9 and 9.5; cobalt - 0.31 and 0.22, respectively. A process flow chart for preparing yogurt with the addition of pomace powder has been developed. Yogurt prepared with the addition of 3% Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace powder received a high rating for its physical, chemical and organoleptic properties and had a high nutritional value. The prepared yogurt had a specific aroma characteristic of this variety. . The conducted research on the development of the technology for the preparation of a fermented milk product using grape pomace powder as a source of trace elements, phenolic compounds and dietary fiber partially solves the issue of creating functional food.
[Chemical composition of blueberries in Arctic regions of Yakutia].
Lebedeva UM, Sleptsova TV, Vasilyeva VT
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887174 · Publisher ↗
Wild berries are a valuable source of nutrients and antioxidants in the human diet. One of the most widespread and useful wild berries growing in Yakutia is blueberry. Its exploitable reserves in the republic amount to a...
Wild berries are a valuable source of nutrients and antioxidants in the human diet. One of the most widespread and useful wild berries growing in Yakutia is blueberry. Its exploitable reserves in the republic amount to about 22 thousand tons annually. of the study was to investigate the chemical composition of blueberries growing in the Arctic regions of Yakutia. . The material for the study were berries of blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum L.), collected at technical ripeness in 2022 in three Arctic regions (uluses) of Yakutia (Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Momsky), significantly differing in soil and climatic conditions. Organoleptic evaluation of berries was carried out on the day of collection after sampling. After collection, berries were stored at -28 °C until analysis, defrosted in a refrigerator at a temperature =<5 °C for 3 h. The studies were carried out in an average sample (from 10 samples in 3-fold repetition). Dry matter was determined by drying in a desiccator at a temperature of 105 °C to constant weight. Studies of the chemical composition of berries were carried out by infrared spectroscopy. . In berries grown in the cooler Anabarsky and Bulunsky districts, in comparison with berries collected from the territory of the Momsky district, a significant pattern of an increase in the content of dry matter by 0.6-1.0%, protein by 0.29-0.31%, fat by 0.10-0.11%, and total sugars by 1.4-1.6% was observed, which was reflected in a higher calorie value. The content of vitamin C and iron in berries grown in the Anabarsky and Bulunsky districts was 17.2-20.9% higher than in berries grown in the Momsky district. A 100 g portion of freshly frozen blueberries grown in the Arctic regions of Yakutia satisfies the daily requirement of an adult in vitamin C by 25.0-29.7%, in B vitamins, potassium, calcium and magnesium - by 2-4%, in iron - by 13.3-28.9%. . New data on the chemical composition of Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. microphyllum L. berries from the Arctic regions of Yakutia have been obtained. The higher content of vitamin C, potassium, calcium and iron in the blueberry growing in the Arctic zone of Yakutia compared to the berries of the western and central regions of the republic was noted.
[Effect of separate and combined intake of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A in rat liver].
Trusov NV, Tutelyan VA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887173 · Publisher ↗
The main molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of minor bioactive compounds (BAC) of food, including rutin and hesperidin, along with antiradical and antioxidant activity, include their interaction with transcrip...
The main molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of minor bioactive compounds (BAC) of food, including rutin and hesperidin, along with antiradical and antioxidant activity, include their interaction with transcription factors modulating the functional state of the organism defense systems, one of which is the system of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. However, the data on their combined action are limited. of the research was to study the effect of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A) in rat liver at their separate and combined intake. . The study was carried out using 4 groups of 6 male Wistar rats with initial body weight 225±5 g. For 14 days the rats of the control group received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Rutin and hesperidin were administered separately or together at a calculated daily dose of 400 mg per 1 kg body weight. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities were determined spectrofluorimetrically in liver microsomal fraction, CYP3A activity - by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. . Dietary intake of rutin and hesperidin did not significantly alter the activity of the studied enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, but had an inducing effect on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes, expression of which statistically significant increased both at separate and combined intake. The expression of CYP3A1 gene did not differ from control values at intake of rutin alone, but considerably and statistically significant decreased in the presence of hesperidin in the diet. An increase in transcription factor AhR gene expression was noted, moreover the expression in the group receiving rutin + hesperidin was significantly reduced in relation to the group receiving rutin alone. . Combined intake of flavonoids (rutin and hesperidin) has a modulating effect on enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism at the level of their gene expression.
[The influence of yeast β-glucans on the assimilation of vitamins and mineral elements in rats].
Kodentsova VM, Beketova NA, Vrzhesinskaya OA … +5 more , Kosheleva OV, Guseva GV, Zotov VA, Leonenko SN, Zhilinskaya NV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887172 · Publisher ↗
Despite the use of yeast β-glucans in food and dietary supplements, there is insufficient data on their effect on the metabolism of vitamins and mineral elements. of the study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucans fro...
Despite the use of yeast β-glucans in food and dietary supplements, there is insufficient data on their effect on the metabolism of vitamins and mineral elements. of the study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet of growing rats on the absorption of micronutrients in animals deficient in vitamins D, group B and trace elements (iron, copper, zinc). . Micronutrient deficiency in male Wistar rats (initial body weight 61.6±0.8 g) was induced for 24 days by decreasing the content of vitamin D and all B vitamins in the vitamin mixture of the semi-synthetic diet by 5 times and the content of iron, copper and zinc in the mineral mixture by 2 times. After confirming the development of micronutrient deficiency in the animals, the missing vitamins and trace elements were added to the deficient diet for 5 days either along with β-glucan diet enrichment (1.5%) (+Vit+Met+βG) or without it addition (+Vit+Met). Vitamins B1 and B2 in the liver, riboflavin in the blood serum, thiamine, riboflavin and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) in the urine collected for 18 hours were determined fluorimetrically; retinol, retinol palmitate, α-tocopherol in blood serum and liver - by high-performance liquid chromatography; minerals and trace elements in liver, serum and urine - by atomic absorption spectrometry or by standard methods on a biochemical analyzer. . A deficient diet for 24 days resulted in a decrease of B-vitamin status markers: riboflavin decreased in urine by 17.8- fold, in serum by 27.3% and in liver by 7.8%, vitamin B1 in liver by 3-fold, 4-PA in urine reduced by 2.8-fold (p<0.05). Urinary excretion of copper diminished by 25.7%, while the liver content of vitamin A increased by 44% and manganese by 19.2% (p<0.05). Replenishment of missing micronutrients in the diet, regardless of β-glucans presence, completely eliminated the deficiency of vitamin B2, while in the presence of the polysaccharide, rats of the +Vit+Met+βG group showed a statistically significant increase in vitamin B2 liver content by 7.5% (p<0.05) relative to the control, with an increased excretion of riboflavin by 19.1% (p<0.10) compared to excretion in +Vit+Met rats. Vitamin B1 liver level in animals of +Vit+Met and +Vit+Met+βG groups didn't completely restore to the control level but it was higher by 14.5% (p<0.05) in the presence of β-glucans. Urinary excretion of thiamine and 4-PA in rats fed β-glucan enriched diet reached the level of the control rats, while in rats from +Vit+Met group it amounted to 60.8-69.2% of the control. The diet with β-glucans caused a decrease in vitamin E liver content by 36.2% (p<0.05) compared to the level in +Vit+Met animals. Urinary excretion of iron and copper in the absence of β-glucans did not fully recover (amounting to 60.9-74.0% of the control), while in their presence it no longer differed from the value in animals of the control group. Zinc excretion in animals of the +Vit+Met+βG group, on the contrary, was lower than in the control by 29.2% (p<0.01). A decrease in serum magnesium (by 9.0%, p<0.05) with simultaneous increase (by 12.7%, p<0.10) in its urinary excretion under β-glucans' diet inclusion indicate a decrease in its retention and a deterioration in magnesium supply. . The presence of yeast β-glucans in the diet improved the absorption of B vitamins, promoted the absorption of iron and copper, but worsened the supply with vitamin E and magnesium, and reduced zinc assimilation.
[Bioimpedansometry in patients with chronic lung diseases in the context of the pulmonary-cardio-renal continuum].
Ibrayeva LK, Rybalkina DK, Alina AR … +4 more , Bacheva IV, Aubakirova MK, Klassen OS, Ovtsynov PV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887171 · Publisher ↗
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a method widely used to assess body composition and parameters related to health and its disorders, which has prognostic value in gastroenterology, endocrinology, nephrology, cardiolog...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a method widely used to assess body composition and parameters related to health and its disorders, which has prognostic value in gastroenterology, endocrinology, nephrology, cardiology, pulmonology, oncology, surgery and critical care. of this study was to analyze bioimpedance measurements in patients with chronic lung diseases [interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] in relation to clinical and biochemical parameters for assessing respiratory, cardiac and renal failure. . An analysis of bioimpedance data obtained during diagnostics on the InBody 770 device was carried out in relation to clinical (heart rate, blood pressure, saturation before and after the 6-minute walk test) and biochemical parameters (serum creatinine and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide - NT-pro-BNP), in 197 patients with chronic lung diseases aged 25 to 60 years (117 patients with COPD, 86.0% men and 80 patients with ILD, 83.8% women). . A proportion of patients with COPD and ILD had changes in body composition, manifested by an increase in fat mass (57.3% of patients with COPD and 70% of patients with ILD) and a decrease in skeletal muscle mass (24.8% of patients with COPD and 27.5% of patients with ILD). The mean values of the phase angle (50 kHz) for the whole body in both groups were below the reference values. When analyzing the relationship between the phase angle (50 kHz) for the whole body and age, there was a weak inverse relationship according to the Evans scale (r=-0.23 in patients with COPD and r=-0.33 in patients with ILD). The NT-pro-BNP level was higher than reference values in both studied groups, which may indicate cardiac dysfunction. The whole-body phase angle in the ILD and COPD group had moderate and weak inverse relationships with NT-pro-BNP for men and women (r=-0.49 and -0.39; r=-0.25 and -0.22, respectively). After the 6-minute walk test, the saturation level decreased in patients of both groups. The body hydration index indicated moderate edema, more pronounced in women. The hydration index had a direct weak relationship with NT-pro-BNP level (r=0.21 and 0.38 in patients with COPD and ILD, respectively). . A number of bioimpedance parameters (phase angle, hydration index) in patients with COPD and ILD had relationships with biochemical parameter of cardiac dysfunction (NT-pro-BNP). Assessment of body composition by bioimpedancemetry in patients with chronic lung diseases is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of health status with recommendations for correcting the identified changes.
[Assessment of basketball players' nutrition in dynamics].
Kobelkova IV, Korosteleva MM, Seledkova YA … +2 more , Denisova NN, Nikityuk DB
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887170 · Publisher ↗
Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world, with competitions held at national, international, continental and world levels, including the Olympic Games. Optimal nutrition plays a key role in sports perfor...
Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world, with competitions held at national, international, continental and world levels, including the Olympic Games. Optimal nutrition plays a key role in sports performance and the implementation of recovery strategies, which determined the relevance of this study. of the research was to analyze the nutrition of basketball players in dynamics to determine the need to introduce specialized or dietary supplement into the diet. . The nutrition of 17 male basketball players, students of the Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport in the pre-competition period was assessed twice in March 2022 [n=17, 20.5±0.5 years, body length - 190.8±1.7 cm, body weight (BW) - 79.4±4.5 kg, body mass index (BMI) - 23.4±0.5 kg/m2] and 2023 (n=17, BW - 87.3±2.5 kg, BMI - 24.0±0.5 kg/m2). The actual nutrition of athletes was studied using the NIAP (Scientific Instrument for Nutrition Analysis) web service developed by the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety together with Nutrient Planner LLC (2023). . The diet structure of the examined basketball players was not optimal. The energy value of the diet in 2023 (Me=3089 kcal/day) was 11% higher compared to 2022 (p=0.068) and approached the recommended level for men of group IV with high physical activity aged 18-29 years. With a high protein level in the calorie value of the diet - 20.1% (2023) and 18.7% (2022), the proportion of fats and carbohydrates was suboptimal both in the first study (40.5 and 39.9%) and in the repeated one (37.8 and 40.9%). The specific intake of dietary fiber (DF) did not reach the level of 10 g/1000 kcal per day, and in absolute values, only in 2023 median exceeded 20 g/day (23.2 [15.8; 26.7] g/day). . Excessive consumption of fats and saturated fatty acids was revealed, which can negatively affect the energy supply of high-intensity activities of athletes in team sports and performance. To optimize the diet in terms of the ratio of carbohydrate and fat components and the DF content, athletes were offered a specialized food of the corresponding focus (with high DF level). Systematic education of athletes on optimal nutrition is necessary.
[Development of allergenic potential's assessment approaches of protein hydrolysates obtained from alternative food sources].
Trebukh MD, Sadykova EO, Shumakova AA … +1 more , Shestakova SI
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887169 · Publisher ↗
The investigation of the perspectives for the application of alternative protein sources in food production has allowed us to identify two main directions requiring comprehensive scientific support: firstly, the developm...
The investigation of the perspectives for the application of alternative protein sources in food production has allowed us to identify two main directions requiring comprehensive scientific support: firstly, the development of production and processing of food protein technologies to obtain food hydrolysates with a given composition and properties, and secondly, the assessment of the such product safety, including evaluation of their allergenic potential. Currently, within the second direction, research is being conducted to improve approaches to assessing the allergenic potential of innovative food, search for new in vitro and in vivo models and biomarkers to guarantee the safety of these products for consumers. of the study was to research the allergenic potential of the methanotrophic bacteria protein hydrolysates on the model of systemic anaphylaxis in rats and to formulate approaches to assessing the novel foods' safety. . The allergenic potential of acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of Methylococcus capsulatus methanotrophic bacteria was investigated on the systemic anaphylaxis' model in two 30-day experiments on Wistar rats' male fed diet containing acid hydrolysate in the 1st experiment and enzymatic hydrolysate in the 2nd experiment. Animals of the corresponding control groups were kept on semi-synthetic casein diet. The ingredients of the experimental groups' diets were substituted taking into account the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates and dietary fibers in the hydrolysates in compliance with the principle of isocaloric content and identity of chemical composition. Allergenic potential of hydrolysates was assessed using an expanded pool of indicators: severity of active anaphylactic shock (mortality, number of severe anaphylaxis reactions); cytokine profile (content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as regulators of cellular and humoral immune response), ovalbumin specific IgG immunoglobulin level before administration of ovalbumi permissive dose. . In the sensitised rats the inclusion of methanotrophic bacteria hydrolysates in the diet caused an increase in allergic reactivity. The systemic anaphylaxis severity was 20% (p<0.05) higher in rats of the 1st experimental group receiving acid hydrolysate with the diet than in animals of the 1st control group; in rats of the 2nd experimental group it was 33% (p<0.05) lower than the corresponding control. The assessment of the humoral immune response intensity shows a slight statistically unreliable increase by 11% (p>0.05) in the sum of IgG1 + IgG4 antibodies in rats of the 1st experimental group compared to the corresponding control group. This indicator in rats of the 2nd experimental group was 81% (p<0.05) higher than in rats of the 2nd control group. The study of serum cytokine profiles revealed an increase in Th1/Th2-regulators of the immune response in rats of both experimental groups compared to the corresponding controls: in rats of the 1st experimental group 8 out of 12 indices exceeded control values by 4-69% (p>0.05), in rats of the 2nd experimental group 7 out of 12 indices exceeded control values by 5-19% (p>0.05), and 2 out of 12 - by 88-191% (p<0.05). The experimental data processed by nonparametric ranked two-factor dispersion analysis confirmed the influence of the methanotrophic bacteria protein hydrolysis' technology on the hydrolysates allergenicity and the influence of the diet protein source. . The results of the allergenic potential' investigation of Methylococcus capsulatus protein hydrolysates in the systemic anaphylaxis rats' model indicate the promising use of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, further optimisation of the technology is required to create a product with low residual antigenicity and immunogenicity. Approaches to allergenic potential assessment of innovative food obtained by microbial synthesis, including a number of in vitro and in vivo studies, were formed on the basis of the obtained data analysis.
[Identification of thermal protective effect of food proteins in relation to phycocyanin].
Bilyalova AS, Biryulina NA, Novokshanova AL
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887168 · Publisher ↗
One of the promising sources for creating specialized foods is the biomass of Arthrospira platensis food microalgae. Biomass of A. platensis and its aqueous extracts are used as a source of bioactive compounds, primarily...
One of the promising sources for creating specialized foods is the biomass of Arthrospira platensis food microalgae. Biomass of A. platensis and its aqueous extracts are used as a source of bioactive compounds, primarily phycocyanins which are protein macromolecules that largely determine the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of this cyanobacterium. The chromophore part of phycocyanin is photo- and thermolabile and can undergo restructuring, as a result of which phycocyanin loses its biological value. Various food proteins can be used to protect chromophoric compounds. In this work, two types of proteins (whey and egg proteins) were studied in the complex with phycocyanin. of the study was to identify the heat-protective effect of egg and milk proteins in relation to phycocyanin by using colorimetric method and differential scanning calorimetry. . Food sodium caseinate, whey protein concentrate, unfractionated edible egg white and phycocyanin concentrate were used as research objects. Combinations of phycocyanin with proteins were prepared by mixing equal volumes of 1% aqueous solutions, followed by thermostatting the mixtures at a temperature of (28±0.5) °C for 60 minutes in an incubator shaker at a stirring speed of 100 rpm. Studies of the thermodynamic characteristics of the samples separately and in combination with phycocyanin were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry by heating of the samples from 25 to 200 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. The color change of phycocyanin solutions during storage for 20 min at a temperature of 50 °C was assessed by spectrocolorimetry. . The most pronounced low-temperature endothermic effect (peak at 60 °C) was detected in the whey protein concentrate. The ovalbumin had a small thermal effect at 70 and 100 °C, while the sodium caseinate had a small thermal effect at 132 °C. The dry phycocyanin sample had two peaks at 80 and 121 °C and the onset of thermal degradation at 65 °C. The destruction temperature of the sodium caseinate solution was 100.8±1.3 °C, for the whey protein concentrate solution - 113.7±0.8 °C. The aqueous solution of phycocyanin had a thermal effect peak at 103.3±1.7 °C. Mixing phycocyanin with the studied edible proteins resulted in changes in the peak degradation temperatures. The most noticeable decrease was observed for ovalbumin in complex with phycocyanin (at 101.9±1.9 °C), indicating a decrease in the thermal stability of phycocyanin in the presence of this protein. The combination of phycocyanin with whey protein concentrate led to a significant increase in the destruction temperature (at 112.0±2.1 °C). In terms of color index, solutions of phycocyanin complexes with proteins differed significantly from an aqueous solution of phycocyanin. The samples had threshold values for color tolerance (ΔE) in the range of 2 units, that is they were visually distinguishable immediately after preparation. All samples tended to darken when heated to 50 °C. . Increasing the thermal stability of phycocyanin is possible when it is combined with whey protein concentrate. The observed effect significantly exceeds the effect of combining phycocyanin with sodium caseinate and egg protein. The change in color of solutions of the studied complexes when heated to 50 °C occurred to a lesser extent in the presence of whey protein concentrate, which may indicate greater preservation of the chromophoric groups of phycocyanin. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using whey protein concentrates for the development of new forms of functional food ingredients containing phycocyanin.
[The role of food allergy in the development of rosacea].
Barilo AA, Smirnova SV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887167 · Publisher ↗
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease in which a violation of its barrier function can lead to the penetration of various allergens that normally do not penetrate, and as a result, the development of sensitization. The study...
Rosacea is a chronic skin disease in which a violation of its barrier function can lead to the penetration of various allergens that normally do not penetrate, and as a result, the development of sensitization. The study of the spectrum of sensitization to food allergens in patients with rosacea is especially relevant, since it can contribute to the discovery of new disease triggers and determine a personalized approach to therapy. of the research was to study the features of the spectrum of sensitization to food and pollen (cross-reacting) allergens in patients with rosacea. . The study involved patients with rosacea (group 1, n=30). The mean age of the patients was 36.0±2.6 years. The control group consisted of practically healthy patients comparable in terms of sex and age (group 2, n=20). All patients underwent a specific allergic examination: collection of an allergic anamnesis, skin prick testing with food and pollen allergens (Allergopharma, Germany) with an assessment of the magnitude of hyperemia (from + to ++++). Taking into account the results of a specific allergy testing, patients with rosacea were prescribed an individual elimination diet with the exclusion of causative allergens, including cross-reacting ones, for a period of 1 month. . The most significant food allergens in rosacea were rye and wheat flour proteins and egg yolk: 62.1, 46.7 and 47.8% of cases, respectively. Almost half of the patients showed sensitization to beef meat (46.1%), oats (42.9%), and soy (44.4%). The most common pollen allergens in the spectrum of sensitization in rosacea patients were meadow and grass pollen - 65.5% and 58.9%, respectively. A significant reduction in the severity of the inflammatory reaction on the face skin after a 4-week elimination diet was noted in 56.7% of patients. . The positive clinical effect of eliminating causative allergens in rosacea confirms the role of food allergy in the pathology and justifies the need for joint efforts of allergist/immunologists and dermatologists in personalized diet therapy of patients.
[Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders].
Sharafetdinov KK, Novokshanova AL, Kochetkova AA … +6 more , Plotnikova OA, Alekseeva RI, Pilipenko VV, Alekseev VA, Sukharev KB, Oksenenko OV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887166 · Publisher ↗
To level out the nutrient imbalance in diets, patients with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders are prescribed to include specialized low-fat food with increased protein content. In this regard, the development a...
To level out the nutrient imbalance in diets, patients with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders are prescribed to include specialized low-fat food with increased protein content. In this regard, the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of such products enriched with micronutrients is relevant. of the research was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a specialized fermented milk product for the dietary correction of carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders. . The study involved 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with concomitant abdominal obesity. The average age was 62.0±1.2 years. The hypocaloric diet (1708 kcal/day) of the patients in the main group (n=20) included daily for 21 days 200 g of a specialized fermented milk product containing 5.0% protein, 0.5% fat, 8.0% carbohydrates, enriched with taurine (0.4 mg%), carnitine (0.3 mg%), manganese, zinc and 12 vitamins. The patients in the control group (n=20) did not receive this product. All patients underwent an anthropometric assessment, bioimpedancemetry, and examined biochemical blood parameters characterizing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Vitamin status was assessed by the level of vitamins C, E, D, B12 in the blood serum. Status was evaluated by the serum levels of malone dialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. . The study of the clinical efficacy of the specialized fermented milk product showed good tolerability by patients. After 3 weeks of diet therapy, patients in both groups showed statistically significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, waist circumference, serum level of glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Patients in the main group showed more pronounced positive dynamics of body component composition. There was statistically significant decrease in fluid while maintaining skeletal muscle mass, in contrast to the indices in patients of the control group. The inclusion of the specialized fermented milk product in the low-calorie diet was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in serum level of malone dialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine by an average of 17% from the initial level (p<0.05), and an increase in superoxide dismutase activity by 18.5% (p<0.05), 25(OH)D and vitamin C level by 35 and 51% (p=0.001), respectively, in the absence of index dynamics in patients of the control group. . The specialized fermented milk product can be used in diet therapy, including for the purpose of dietary correction of disorders of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, as an additional source of vitamins, trace elements (zinc, manganese), as well as taurine and L-carnitine.
[Edible insects' proteome in the safety aspect of entomoprotein's food application].
Tyshko NV, Timoshenko KA, Sadykova EO
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887165 · Publisher ↗
Currently, the Russian Federation is considering the possibility of using insects as food raw materials, which, first of all, is positioned as a source of complete protein, therefore, the methodology of safety assessment...
Currently, the Russian Federation is considering the possibility of using insects as food raw materials, which, first of all, is positioned as a source of complete protein, therefore, the methodology of safety assessment of such products should include studying the proteomic profile of entomoprotein. Proteome profiling of the insect-derived novel food opens fresh opportunities not only for assessing their safety, but also for developing methods of elimination of potentially allergenic proteins from the final product. Modern technological approaches aimed at destruction or modification of the structure of such proteins, namely chemical modification (glycosylation, phosphorylation, acylation) and complexation with polyphenols, anthocyanins and other compounds, along with wet and dry thermal exposure, hydrolysis, fermentation, irradiation, ultrasound or high hydrostatic pressure treatment, will provide the possibility of obtaining products with reduced allergenic potential. of the work was to assess the current state of proteomic profiling of insect proteins in the aspect of the safety of their food application. . The analytical part of the work included literature search, collection of information and statistical materials published in domestic and foreign scientific publications, the search was conducted using the Google Academy search engine and electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, mainly for the last 25 years. . Proteomic profile data on a number of edible insects were analyzed and systematized. Three arthropod-specific proteins (hemocyanin, chemosensory protein, and odorant-binding protein) were identified, as well as 58 nonspecific proteins (including those found in plants - at least 52 (90%), in fungi - 49 (84%), in mollusks - 47 (81%), in crustaceans - 53 (91%), and in other animals - 54 (93%). The possibility of entomoproteins' allergenicity reducing by their thermal treatment and hydrolysis was studied. . Based on the analysis, it was concluded that most of the entomoproteins are not unique and are also present in traditional food sources. The potential IgE-binding allergens identified in edible insects correspond mainly to pan-allergens with crossreactivity with some homologous proteins present in other arthropods (mites, crustaceans), molluscs and nematodes. Only hemocyanin, chemosensory protein, and odorant-binding protein can be classified as specific proteins found in arthropods (particularly insects and crustaceans). Of all the proteins studied, only one is found exclusively in insects, the so-called cockroach allergen-like protein, which occupies a special place because its structure and function are still unclear and require further study.
[Contamination of food and beverages with microplastic particles].
Martinchik AN, Kudryavtseva KV
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887164 · Publisher ↗
Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a serious problem due to the growing accumulation of microplastics in a wide range of different ecosystems: from terrestrial to aquatic, in the organs of vario...
Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a serious problem due to the growing accumulation of microplastics in a wide range of different ecosystems: from terrestrial to aquatic, in the organs of various organisms, including humans. of this research was to summarize data on microplastic contamination of mass consumption products such as bottled drinking water, beverages, including sweet carbonated, dairy products, fish and other seafood. . The search for studies and literature reviews on the topic of studying contamination of food and beverages with plastic microparticles was carried out using the databases PubMed, Science Daily, ResearchGate by keywords: microplastics, food contamination, the effect of microplastics on the human body. 72 articles by foreign authors have been studied. . The review provides up-to-date information on microplastic contamination of mass-consumed food in the world: drinking water, carbonated drinks, beer, milk. Most studies of microplastic contamination focus on marine and freshwater food sources. Although there is a large amount of research on seafood, such as fish and shellfish, it is difficult to assess the overall effects of microplastics on humans in general when consuming food due to the lack of convincing data on many other foods. Microplastics can be added or removed from food raw materials during processing and cooking. . Consumption of food contaminated with microplastics poses a potential risk to human health. Studies of the microplastic intake with food, drinking water and beverages, as well as their distribution in the body, should be a priority to understand their impact and potential risk to human health. Research on processed foods is crucial to assess the contribution of food to the overall human consumption of microplastics and to assess the risks of exposure.
[Biological activity and prospects for food application of cyclic peptides of flax ].
Sarkisyan VA, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA … +2 more , Biryulina NA, Kochetkova AA
Vopr Pitan · 2024 · PMID 39887163 · Publisher ↗
Nowadays all over the world there is an active search for new promising bioactive compounds and evaluation of their efficiency and safety for the usage in food for special dietary uses in order to form balanced healthy d...
Nowadays all over the world there is an active search for new promising bioactive compounds and evaluation of their efficiency and safety for the usage in food for special dietary uses in order to form balanced healthy diets for different groups of consumers (children, pregnant and lactating women, etc.) or inclusion in diet therapy in order to increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases and reduce the need for medical care. Such substances can be cyclic peptides - compounds with a unique structure, thanks to which the stability of their configuration and high bioavailability are achieved, which, in turn, allows them to exhibit a wide range of biological effects. Basically, these bioactive compounds are extracted from the leaves and stems of medicinal plants or plants that have no tradition of food use in our country. Common flax (Linum usitatissimum), a crop widely used in nutrition, is practically their only food source. of the research was to generalize information on biological activity of flax cyclic peptides in order to assess the prospects of their food application. . Systematic analysis of scientific literature was carried out using keywords (Linseed, or Flaxseed, or Flax, or Linum usitatissimum) and (Orbitide, or Cyclolinopeptide, or Linusorb, or LOMIX) in Google Scholar, PubMed systems. A total of 500 publications were identified and analyzed. Publish or Perish software was used for analysis. The topics of the publications were analyzed using KH Coder software. . Cyclic peptides are among the least studied components of flax, and the profile of cyclic peptides of domestic flax seed varieties has not been described so far. At the same time, the results of preclinical studies of flax cyclic peptides represent promising data that open prospects for their use in the therapy of various diseases. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of flax cyclic peptides have been demonstrated. . The current information on the biological activity of cyclic peptides is incomplete and should be expanded by new data obtained, in particular, in in vivo models and clinical trials. The study of the composition of flax cyclic peptides from domestic raw materials, the development and implementation of the methods of their extraction will contribute to the sustainable development of the industry and will allow reorienting the production of oilseed raw materials from its export to the introduction of knowledgeintensive technologies.
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