Journal Of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Flanged scleral fixation: thermoplastic properties of suture materials and implications for flange geometry.
Parlak M, Werner JU, Cinar M … +1 more , Wolf A
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399825 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Flanged scleral fixation techniques are increasingly used in the management of intraocular lens dislocation and aphakia. However, complications such as conjunctival erosion and scleral migration remain a conc...
BACKGROUND: Flanged scleral fixation techniques are increasingly used in the management of intraocular lens dislocation and aphakia. However, complications such as conjunctival erosion and scleral migration remain a concern. Flange geometry may play a critical role in anchoring stability. This study investigates the thermoplastic properties of various suture materials to identify optimal conditions for flange formation. METHODS: A disposable electrocautery device with a power supply and tip temperature of 392 °C was used for standardised application. Seven suture materials were used: polypropylene (6/0), polyamide 6 (6/0), polyamide 6.6 (6/0), vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF) (6/0), polyester (5/0), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (5/0 and 6/0). All sutures were heated 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm from the distal end and examined in 4 repeat measurements. The prepared flanges were photographed and measured using a digital microscope. The flange dimensions and geometry were assessed. Ratios of flange width to flange length and flange width to suture diameter were calculated. RESULTS: All suture materials except polyamide 6.6 (6/0) and PTFE (5/0) formed a flange shape due to the increase in temperature as demonstrated by repeated measurements with a high degree of reproducibility. While polypropylene and PVDF took on a mushroom/rhomboid shape, the flange shape of polyamide 6 and polyester was spherical. The flange geometry of PTFE was funnel-shaped with sharp edges. With increasing duration of heat exposure, the flange length of polypropylene and PVDF increased more significantly than the flange width. CONCLUSION: Polypropylene and PVDF demonstrate favorable thermoplastic properties for flanged scleral fixation, enabling reproducible flange formation with short heating times. A heating length of approximately 1 mm appears optimal for controlled flange geometry. Further biomechanical and in vivo studies are required to validate clinical performance.
The association between magnesium and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.
Wang Y, Li J, Lin Y … +4 more , Hu W, Tu Y, Xiao A, Zhou Q
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42332654 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of serum magnesium in non-diabetic mellitus (non-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Moreover, to assess magnesium concentration in DR mice model...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of serum magnesium in non-diabetic mellitus (non-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Moreover, to assess magnesium concentration in DR mice models. METHODS: Baseline data from 150 patients per group (non-DM, DM, DR) comprised demographics, cardiovascular-metabolic profiles, electrolytes, and systemic immune-inflammatory were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen influencing factors for DR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and magnesium. Magnesium concentration in both serum and retinal tissues of DR mice were quantified via the methylthymol blue assay. RESULTS: Compared with the non-DM group, the DM group had lower age and blood pressure levels (P < 0.05), while heart rate, HbA1c and serum phosphorus levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Serum sodium and magnesium levels decreased gradually across the non-DM, DM and DR groups (P < 0.05), whereas heart rate and HbA1c levels increased progressively in the three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with DM, those with DR had longer diabetic duration. Ordinal multinomial logistic regression among non-DM, DM and DR groups indicated that HbA1c was positively associated with DR risk, whereas magnesium was negatively correlated with DR. Binary logistic regression between DM and DR groups showed that diabetes duration, SBP and HbA1c were positively related to elevated DR risk, and magnesium was negatively associated with the occurrence of DR. The ROC curve analysis revealed that a combined diagnostic of HbA1c and serum magnesium, with cut-off value of 0.500, achieved a sensitivity of 78.7% and a specificity of 90.0% for DM. The combined diagnosis of HbA1c and magnesium, with cut-off value of 0.441, approached a sensitivity of 75.3% and a specificity of 66.0% for DR. DR mice exhibited lower magnesium levels in both serum and retinal tissues compared with the control mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with DR had longer disease duration, elevated HbA1c levels and decreased serum magnesium concentrations. Combined detection of serum magnesium and HbA1c can significantly improve the diagnostic performance of DR.
Experimental knotless scleral fixation with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE): dynamics of anchoring strength in the early postoperative period.
Hatlova V, Cendelin J, Stefkova M … +6 more , Hecova L, Vankova L, Klein P, Rusnak S, Krizkova V, Studeny P
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42316071 · Full text
PURPOSE: To investigate short-term scleral response to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures using the dynamics of its mechanical stabilization in an animal model. METHODS: Ten rabbits underwent unilateral len...
PURPOSE: To investigate short-term scleral response to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures using the dynamics of its mechanical stabilization in an animal model. METHODS: Ten rabbits underwent unilateral lens extraction followed by implantation of two knotless scleral fixation techniques using ePTFE (Gore-Tex CV-8): Z-suture and chain-of-knots. Both techniques were implanted in each eye. At postoperative days 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30, two rabbits were analyzed per time point (n = 10), each contributing one independent dynamometric measurement per technique. The tensile force required to disinsert the implanted material from the sclera was quantified using a dynamometer. RESULTS: Dynamometric evaluation of tensile force of the Z-suture ranged from 0.12 to 0.32 N, whereas the chain-of-knots scleral fixation ranged from 0.07 to 0.27 N. Both techniques showed an increase in the force required to disinsert fibers from the sclera in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: In this rabbit model, knotless ePTFE scleral fixation demonstrated increasing early mechanical stabilization. The differences between the two fixation techniques may be caused by a combination of mechanical factors and tissue adaptation, although these findings remain exploratory. Both techniques may provide sufficient early fixation strength in an experimental setting and support further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Regenerative effects of RKI-1447 on human corneal endothelial cells: a comparative study.
Akkaya HS, Kilic-Toprak E, Cort A … +2 more , Parca O, Toprak I
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42298479 · Full text
BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the effects of two Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors (Y-27632 and RKI-1447) on human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) proliferation and wound healing. METHODS: Using a com...
BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the effects of two Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors (Y-27632 and RKI-1447) on human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) proliferation and wound healing. METHODS: Using a commercial primary HCEC line, three groups of HCECs were created; control (no treatment), Y-27,632-treated, and RKI-1447-treated. The control, Y-27,632, and RKI-1447 groups were compared regarding cell proliferation (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine [BrdU] incorporation), wound healing (ImageJ analysis), and ROCK activity (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). RESULTS: Both RKI-1447 (1 µM) and Y-27,632 (10 µM) significantly enhanced HCEC proliferation when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, RKI-1447 showed a more potent effect than Y-27,632 in terms of stimulating cell proliferation under the experimental conditions tested (p < 0.05). Furthermore, endothelial wound healing was faster in the RKI-1447 group compared to the control and Y-27,632 groups (p < 0.05). Y-27,632 was found to stimulate wound healing more than the control group only in the first 24 h (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated that RKI-1447 was more potent than Y-27,632 regarding HCEC proliferation, endothelial wound healing and suppressing ROCK activity. However, further in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies are required to validate the efficacy and ocular safety profile of RKI-1447 before any consideration of clinical translation.
Anterior chamber temperature rise during torsional versus longitudinal phacoemulsification: an experimental porcine eye study.
Suzuki H
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42210159 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported lower thermal profiles with torsional ultrasound than with longitudinal ultrasound; however, the mechanical determinants underlying this difference remain incompletely understoo...
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported lower thermal profiles with torsional ultrasound than with longitudinal ultrasound; however, the mechanical determinants underlying this difference remain incompletely understood. In particular, the mechanical determinants of intraocular temperature behavior under controlled experimental conditions remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare anterior chamber temperature behavior between longitudinal and torsional ultrasound under standardized experimental conditions, including settings with nominally comparable tip-excursion parameters. METHODS: Anterior chamber temperature changes were evaluated using porcine eyes under standardized experimental conditions. Continuous longitudinal and torsional ultrasound were applied with controlled irrigation and aspiration settings. Ultrasound power settings were adjusted to create nominally comparable tip-excursion conditions between the two modalities. Temperature was continuously recorded, and temporal temperature profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: Under identical machine settings, torsional ultrasound produced a significantly smaller increase in anterior chamber temperature than longitudinal ultrasound. However, when nominally comparable tip-excursion settings were used, temperature rise did not differ significantly between the two modalities. In both ultrasound modes, anterior chamber temperature increased rapidly after activation and reached a plateau within approximately 20 s. CONCLUSIONS: Under controlled low-flow experimental conditions, torsional ultrasound produced a smaller increase in anterior chamber temperature than longitudinal ultrasound. However, this difference was not observed under nominally comparable machine-level tip-excursion settings. These findings suggest that tip-motion characteristics may contribute to intraocular temperature behavior during ultrasound activation.
A novel NYX gene mutation identified in a Chinese Northeast Han family with high myopia and night blindness.
Xu X, Zhang L, Li Y … +3 more , Dai L, Xiao Z, Yao D
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42186038 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic gene mutation associated with high myopia and congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in a family from Northeast China. The objective was to clarify the unde...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic gene mutation associated with high myopia and congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in a family from Northeast China. The objective was to clarify the underlying genetic basis and to determine the inheritance pattern of these ocular disorders. METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the proband using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. Variants were filtered based on an allele frequency of less than 0.5% in the gnomAD database. Their pathogenic was evaluated using multiple in silico prediction tools, including CADD, REVEL, SpliceAI, SIFT, MutationTaster, PolyPhen-2, and AlphaMissense. The identified NYX mutation was subsequently validated through Sanger sequencing in the proband and six additional family members. In addition, comprehensive clinical evaluations were conducted. These included detailed ophthalmic examinations, assessment of refractive status, and fundus imaging. These investigations were performed to characterize the phenotypic features and to establish correlations with the genetic findings. RESULTS: A novel frameshift mutation, c.264dup p. (Arf89Alafs *26), was identified in exon 3 of the NYX gene. The proband exhibited extremely high myopia, with a spherical equivalent of less than - 23.00D. This condition was accompanied by typical clinical features of CSNB. Structural analysis indicated significant conformational changes in the mutant protein. Pedigree analysis supported an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. This pattern was consistent with both the clinical presentation and the genetic findings observed in the affected family. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to identify the NYX c.264dup mutation as a causative variant of complete CSNB (cCSNB) accompanied by extreme high myopia. This finding expands the known mutational spectrum of the NYX gene. These results provide valuable evidence for improving molecular diagnostic strategies. They also offer important support for more accurate genetic counseling in affected individuals and their families.
Automated measurement of the minimum macular hole diameter based on optical coherence tomography images.
Xu J, Wei J, Tan R … +3 more , Shen J, Yao J, Zhou F
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42177481 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of minimum macular hole (MH) diameter is essential for diagnosis and treatment. The manual measurement approach by ophthalmologists is time-consuming, poorly reproducible, and exhibits hi...
BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of minimum macular hole (MH) diameter is essential for diagnosis and treatment. The manual measurement approach by ophthalmologists is time-consuming, poorly reproducible, and exhibits high inter-observer variability. Threshold-based methods are sensitive to image quality, and perform inadequately in low-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Deep learning can achieve higher measurement accuracy but shows limited generalization capability. METHODS: We propose an automated measurement method comprising three sub-tasks. Specifically, a tailored MH dataset is first created by cropping publicly available OCT images to minimize interference from non-MH regions. Subsequently, an image processing pipeline, which consists of denoising, binarization, morphological operations, and edge detection, is implemented to extract the contours on both sides of MH. Finally, an automated measurement algorithm is designed to locate the closest points on the bilateral contours of MH and thereby calculate the minimum diameter. RESULTS: Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of this research. More concretely, on the public dataset, the [Formula: see text] metric obtained by the proposed method closely aligns with the [Formula: see text] metric. The ADE values are predominantly within 1 pixel, achieving as low as 0.00 in some cases. Simultaneously, the method demonstrates favorable performance in the RDE metric, with values ranging from 0.00% to 3.29%, most of which remain below 2.50%. Furthermore, in clinical testing, the measurement time per individual sample is approximately 4 seconds, indicating high efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the comprehensive quantitative and qualitative experimental results confirm the method's commendable accuracy and execution efficiency in measuring the minimum MH diameter, demonstrating its potential value in assisting ophthalmologists with the diagnosis and treatment assessment of MH conditions.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravitreally repeatedly injected panitumumab in non-human primates - a study performed under good laboratory practice.
Wang YX, Holz FG, Coenen M … +5 more , Sun X, Xie W, Panda-Jonas S, Dong L, Jonas JB
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42168916 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been suggested to play a role in myopic axial elongation, and EGF receptor blockade may be of potential therapeutic benefit. Here we examined the ocular and systemic toxicity...
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been suggested to play a role in myopic axial elongation, and EGF receptor blockade may be of potential therapeutic benefit. Here we examined the ocular and systemic toxicity of panitumumab, a clinically used EGF receptor blocker in oncology, when repeatedly administered intravitreally in non-human primates. METHODS: The experimental study included six non-human cynomolgus primates (3 males) which underwent five (n = 1 animal) or three (n = 5 animals) 4-weekly intravitreal injections of panitumumab (dose: 0.78 mg (78µL)) or of phosphate buffered solution (PBS) (78µL). RESULTS: The study group with panitumumab injections consisted of 7 eyes and the control group with PBS injections of 5 eyes. Two animals of the study group developed on Day 59 (two days after the third injection) signs of a slight intraocular inflammation (cells in anterior chamber and vitreous) and reduction of intraocular pressure, with most of the signs having resolved at study end (Day 86). Panitumumab reached the serum peak concentration at 24 h after the first dose (C 18.3 to 946ng/mL; serum exposure 2120 to 37300 h*ng/mL). Four weeks after the third injection (Day 86), panitumumab concentrations in aqueous humor ranged from 12.8 ng/mL to 65.0 ng/mL, and in the vitreous from 1.74 ng/mL to 531 ng/mL, with a panitumumab accumulation factor between 0.891 and 0.012. TUNEL staining did not reveal pathological results. CONCLUSIONS: Except for mild and reversible intraocular inflammation in some eyes, repeated intravitreal application of 0.78 mg panitumumab did not result in ophthalmological or systemic adverse effects in non-human primates.
Outcomes of hang-back recession for restrictive strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease.
Kaldırım H, Bayraktar H, Dinçer MT … +2 more , Savur F, Oyur G
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42129679 · Full text
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcomes of hang-back recession applied to mechanically restricted rectus muscles in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED)-related strabismus, focusing on alignment stability and surgical su...
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcomes of hang-back recession applied to mechanically restricted rectus muscles in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED)-related strabismus, focusing on alignment stability and surgical success. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients with TED who underwent hang-back recession of mechanically restricted rectus muscles for diplopia and/or restrictive ocular motility. Surgical dose was determined based on preoperative deviation magnitude and intraoperative findings rather than a fixed nomogram, and postoperative alignment outcomes were assessed at standardized follow-up visits. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (17 eyes) were included. Mean age was 48.8 ± 10.2 years, and all patients presented with diplopia. Horizontal deviation (10 eyes) showed a significant reduction at all postoperative time points at both near and distance fixation (p = 0.005), while vertical deviation (8 eyes) also demonstrated significant improvement throughout follow-up (p ≤ 0.012). Improvement was evident from the first postoperative week, with stable alignment achieved by the third postoperative month. No overcorrection occurred after horizontal surgery, and a mild vertical overcorrection (4 prism diopters) was observed in one patient. Based on a success criterion of postoperative deviation within ± 5 prism diopters, surgical success was achieved in 100% of cases, and no reoperation was required. CONCLUSIONS: Hang-back recession may provide effective and stable correction of TED-related strabismus. This tension-free approach was associated with favorable postoperative alignment and a low incidence of clinically significant overcorrection in the present series. These findings should be interpreted considering the relatively small cohort and the absence of a control group.
Laser peripheral iridectomy use in the unoperated eyes of hospitalised patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma in a national multicentre study in China.
Mao H, Xiong K, Yu Y … +33 more , Zhang Q, Chen J, Yin X, Wang D, Sun H, Xing X, Duan G, Jia Z, Jiang J, Wu Z, Tang L, Lu P, Liu D, Zheng Y, Zhuo L, Fan S, Zhang X, Liu W, Dai Y, Chen H, Xiang H, Lv J, Yang Y, Ma J, Yang J, Cao X, Zhou T, Guo W, Li G, Zhang S, Sun X, He M, Liang Y
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42098656 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) in the unoperated eyes of hospitalised patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: This was a national multi-centre retrospective s...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of laser peripheral iridectomy (LPI) in the unoperated eyes of hospitalised patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: This was a national multi-centre retrospective study, and the sample was selected via multi-stage stratified random sampling from 26 hospitals. Data on LPI use were extracted from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 5,404 PACG patients from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020. We used a generalised estimating equations (GEE) model to identify factors influencing LPI use. RESULTS: Among 3,525 unoperated eyes of hospitalised PACG patients, 35.3% of these eyes received LPI during hospitalisation, and the usage rate was 35.1% and 36.0% in provincial-level or above and in city-level hospitals, respectively. In multivariable models, an intraocular pressure (IOP) of > 21 mmHg (OR = 0.915; 95% CI [0.875, 0.956]), moderate visual impairment (OR = 0.898; 95% CI [0.849, 0.949]) and severe visual impairment or blindness (OR = 0.755; 95% CI [0.717, 0.794]) were associated with a lower LPI usage rate in unoperated eyes. By contrast, patients treated in the northern region had a higher LPI usage rate in unoperated eyes (OR = 1.343; 95% CI [1.295, 1.393]). CONCLUSIONS: The usage rate of LPI in the unoperated eyes of PACG patients is relatively low in China, especially among patients in the southern region, with higher IOP and worse visual impairment.
Evaluation and comparison of the clinical significance of miR-21-5p levels from different specimen sources in patients with fungal keratitis.
Liu Q, Chen P, Chen Z … +2 more , Liu H, Han S
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 May · PMID 42087134 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis (FK) is a type of infectious keratitis with a high risk of causing blindness. Therefore, it is crucial to identify effective diagnostic indicators and understand its pathological mechanism. M...
BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis (FK) is a type of infectious keratitis with a high risk of causing blindness. Therefore, it is crucial to identify effective diagnostic indicators and understand its pathological mechanism. METHODS: Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect miR-21-5p expression in tears, serum, and corneal tissues from patients with FK and non-infectious keratitis (NIK) controls. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the expression correlation of miR-21-5p across different sample types. Additionally, the correlations between miR-21-5p and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of miR-21-5p in each sample of the FK group was significantly higher than that of the NIK group, and the expression in corneal tissue was higher than that in tears and serum. In the FK group, the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β varied significantly among the three sample types (all P < 0.001). The expression of miR-21-5p was significantly positively correlated with the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum, tear fluid and corneal tissue (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: miR-21-5p is highly expressed in FK serum, tears, and corneal tissues, and the expression of miR-21-5p is positively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors.
Clinical and radiological factors in traumatic open-globe injuries operated via primary enucleation, evisceration versus primary repair in Somalia.
Calisir K, Mohamed HM, Yussuf AA … +1 more , Celik C
BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 Mar · PMID 41888769 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Traumatic eye injuries are an important cause of visual impairment and can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Accounting for approximately 7% of all bodily injuries and 10–15% of ocular diseases,...
BACKGROUND: Traumatic eye injuries are an important cause of visual impairment and can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. Accounting for approximately 7% of all bodily injuries and 10–15% of ocular diseases, traumatic eye injuries pose a substantial medical and socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological characteristics of traumatic open-globe injuries (OGIs) that resulted in either primary enucleation/evisceration or primary repair at a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Training and Research Hospital and included 52 eyes of 51 patients treated for traumatic OGIs between January 2020 and June 2022. Twenty-four eyes underwent primary enucleation/evisceration, while 28 eyes underwent primary repair. Continuous variables were compared using independent sample t-tests, and categorical variables were analyzed with the Pearson Chi-square test. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to assess the association between surgical approach and selected clinical and radiological parameters. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Initial regression analysis revealed that initial visual acuity, cause of injury, and concomitant orbital fracture significantly predicted the surgical approach [F(4,44) = 23.440, p < 0.001], accounting for 70.1% of the variability. Initial visual acuity (B = 0.306, p = 0.008), cause of injury (B = 0.269, p = 0.010), and orbital fracture (B=-0.508, p < 0.001) were significant predictors. A second regression model incorporating orbital wall fracture components explained 74.8% of the variability [F(8,40) = 13.600, p < 0.001], with orbital roof fracture (B=-0.343, p = 0.008) emerging as a key factor. CONCLUSIONS: Initial visual acuity, cause of injury, and the presence of orbital fractures were significantly associated with the choice of primary surgical approach in traumatic OGIs. In particular, orbital roof fractures were identified as an important radiological factor influencing surgical decision-making.
MSCohi-O lenses attenuate corneal transplant rejection via HLA-G5 driven Treg cell expansion.
Li Y, Cheng Y, Lin Y … +8 more , Hong S, Guan T, Liu Y, Fu T, Chen J, Chu G, Ling S, Zeng H
BMC Ophthalmol · 2025 Dec · PMID 41361874 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Corneal transplantation is a critical approach for some vision loss patients. However, the rejection of human organs severely affects the survival rate of the cornea. In addition, oral or intravenous medicati...
BACKGROUND: Corneal transplantation is a critical approach for some vision loss patients. However, the rejection of human organs severely affects the survival rate of the cornea. In addition, oral or intravenous medication against rejection may have side effects on patients, such as systemic immunosuppression. Therefore, a promising strategy for ocular local medication needs to be designed. On the basis of these findings, we constructed a novel platform, the mesenchymal stromal cell-coating high-oxygen permeable hydrogel lenses (MSCohi-O), which combines machinery and cells to achieve continuous drug delivery on the ocular surface to attenuate corneal transplant rejection. METHODS: Multiple in vitro experiments, including T-cell proliferation assay, cytokine secretion assay and relevant gene transcription assay have been performed to investigate the mechanisms of UCMSCs inhibiting inflammatory cells. The in vivo experiments using New Zealand rabbit as the corneal transplantation model have been conducted to verified the mechanism and potential of MSCohi-O rescuing transplanted cornea in recipients. RESULTS: Our in vitro experimental data investigated the mechanisms by which UCMSCs inhibit T cells and facilitate Treg cells through HLA-G5 modulation. In terms of efficacy, the data from the corneal transplantation model demonstrated that MSCohi-O protected the corneas from inflammation, prevented inflammatory cell infiltration in ocular tissues, inhibited proinflammatory cytokines, promoted Treg cell proportions, and ultimately prolonged the survival period of the transplanted corneas. CONCLUSIONS: These findings addressed the rationale of MSCohi-O rescuing transplanted cornea in recipients, and suggested that MSCohi-O has great potential in managing the rejection of corneal transplantation clinically in the future.
Macular hole caused by intense pulsed light: a case report.
Wang X, Xu W, Hao F … +1 more , Li Y
BMC Ophthalmol · 2025 Nov · PMID 41291595 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Intense pulsed light (IPL)-induced macular holes are rare but potentially severe. We report a case with anatomically successful surgical closure but poor functional recovery. A 30-year-old male sustained acci...
BACKGROUND: Intense pulsed light (IPL)-induced macular holes are rare but potentially severe. We report a case with anatomically successful surgical closure but poor functional recovery. A 30-year-old male sustained accidental ocular exposure to 808 ± 10 nm IPL without eye protection. One week later, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200; optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a large full-thickness macular hole (basal diameter: 1639 μm) with cystoid edema and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disruption. Despite oral corticosteroids, the hole remained open at 1 month. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and sterile air tamponade achieved anatomical closure by postoperative day 7. However, BCVA remained 20/200 at 1 month due to persistent IS/OS discontinuity and RPE defects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This case highlights that IPL can cause large, traction-associated macular holes. Even early surgical closure may not restore vision if photoreceptor and RPE integrity are compromised. Eye protection is essential during IPL handling.
Ocular manifestations of primary thrombotic microangiopathies : a descriptive systematic review.
Baker M, Ayoub M, Ghosheh T … +6 more , Alnajjar Z, Alkhawaldeh M, Al-Rashdan Y, Aldabaibeh D, Al-Shami K, Karaja S
BMC Ophthalmol · 2025 Nov · PMID 41275116 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Primary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) include Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), which may cause ocular signs that need to be detected and managed accordingly...
BACKGROUND: Primary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) include Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), which may cause ocular signs that need to be detected and managed accordingly. Therefore, we aim to identify the ocular manifestations caused by the systemic effects of primary TMAs, including HUS and TTP. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception until March 2024. We included case reports, case series, and retrospective reviews reporting ocular manifestations of primary HUS or TTP. We excluded experimental studies, papers written in a language other than English, studies that included patients with secondary TTP or HUS, pregnant patients, patients with ocular trauma or surgery, and patients with other comorbidities that impair the detection of ocular findings. RESULTS: We included 37 studies comprising 58 patients (mean age 18.87 ± 12.4 years), with a mean age of 18.87 years. The most common ocular manifestations were retinal hemorrhages (25.86%, n = 15), Purtscher-like retinopathy (24.13%, n = 14), retinal detachment (20.68%, n = 12), optic disc changes (18.96%, n = 11), capillary non-perfusion on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) (13.79%, n = 8), and isolated cotton-wool spots (12.06%, n = 7). Rarer manifestations were capillary leakage on FFA (n = 5, 8.6%), vascular tortuosity (8.6%, n = 5), retinal ischemic changes (8.6%, n = 5), sluggish pupil reactivity (6.9%, n = 4), vitreous hemorrhage (6.9%, n = 4), early hypofluorescence (6.9%, n = 4), hypopigmented subretinal lesions (6.9%, n = 4), shifting subretinal fluids (5.2%, n = 3), and attenuated retinal arterioles (5.2%, n = 3). CONCLUSION: We found that retinal hemorrhage, Purtscher-like retinopathy, retinal detachment, optic disc changes, capillary non-perfusion on FFA, and isolated cotton-wool spots were the most commonly reported ocular manifestations of primary TMAs. Identification of these manifestations will help to adequately detect and manage them in patients with primary TMAs. We recommend further investigations that provide reliable methods of prevention of those sequelae in patients with primary TMAs. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Effectiveness of orthokeratology in myopia control during COVID-19 home confinement in Shanghai: a retrospective study.
Zhu X, Ding L, Du L … +1 more , Zhu M
BMC Ophthalmol · 2025 Nov · PMID 41250035 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Myopia is a growing public health issue, with the COVID-19 pandemic potentially accelerating its progression due to home confinement and increased near work. This study investigates the effectiveness of ortho...
BACKGROUND: Myopia is a growing public health issue, with the COVID-19 pandemic potentially accelerating its progression due to home confinement and increased near work. This study investigates the effectiveness of orthokeratology in controlling myopia during the strict home confinement period in Shanghai in 2022. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study involving 139 myopic children who used orthokeratology before, during, and after the home confinement period and 91 children as a control group. Axial length (AL) was measured at three time points: before, during, and after home confinement. RESULTS: The axial length growth in the orthokeratology group was significantly lower during the home confinement period compared to the control group (0.102 ± 0.105 mm/6 months vs. 0.199 ± 0.165 mm/6 months, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in axial length growth before, during, and after home confinement within the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Orthokeratology remains effective in controlling myopia progression even during adverse conditions like home confinement, offering an important strategy for myopia control in high-risk environments. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ; trial registration number: ChiCTR2000036969; date of registration: August 25, 2020.
Special AAO Report: Recommendations on Screening for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy (2025 Revision).
Marmor MF, Ahn SJ, Ehlers JP … +5 more , Melles RB, Mieler WF, Sarraf D, Yusuf IH, American Academy of Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology · 2026 Apr · PMID 41232611 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommendations on screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy are now a decade old. This revision provides an update based on current knowledge. Major points and...
BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommendations on screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy are now a decade old. This revision provides an update based on current knowledge. Major points and changes are as follows. NATURE OF TOXICITY: The retina typically remains clinically normal for many years on HCQ, but there is an unpredictable point at which signs of toxicity may develop. PATTERN OF TOXICITY: Most eyes of patients of European heritage have a parafoveal pattern of toxicity, whereas eyes of East Asian patients tend to present with pericentral toxicity, but there are many exceptions, and screening examinations should look for both patterns. DOSAGE: The recommended daily dosage remains unchanged at ≤5.0 mg/day/kg real weight. Keep under 400 mg/day for severely obese patients. RISK FACTORS: Beyond dose and duration, concurrent renal disease and tamoxifen use increase risk, as does initiation of HCQ therapy at an older age. CLINICAL TESTS: The primary screening tool should be OCT, along with wide-pattern fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Visual field (VF) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) are secondary confirmatory tests. Newer VF algorithms such as 24-2C can screen parafoveal and pericentral regions simultaneously. SCREENING: A baseline screening examination, including fundus, OCT, and FAF, is advised soon after HCQ is begun, not only to rule out preexisting conditions but also for comparison with later results. Annual screening with OCT and FAF is recommended while using HCQ, but may be deferred during the first 5 years if there are no significant risk factors. PROGRESSION: Mild retinopathy is unlikely to progress after discontinuation of HCQ, but severe retinopathy may continue to worsen for many years. IMPLICATIONS OF EARLY SIGNS OF TOXICITY: With earlier recognition comes greater need to communicate with patients and their medical providers regarding options to stop HCQ or continue with cautious monitoring. NEW TECHNOLOGY: There have been experimental advances in imaging and artificial intelligence analysis for HCQ screening, but none have been validated for general use or are widely available at this time. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
The effects of L-tartaric acid on diabetic cataracts through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats.
Wang S, Meng L, Yang H
BMC Ophthalmol · 2025 Nov · PMID 41184803 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Diabetic cataract remains a prominent complication of diabetes mellitus, predominantly driven by oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the lens. Despite surgical remedies, efficacious pharmacological...
BACKGROUND: Diabetic cataract remains a prominent complication of diabetes mellitus, predominantly driven by oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the lens. Despite surgical remedies, efficacious pharmacological interventions to delay or prevent cataract progression are limited. L-tartaric acid, a naturally occurring dicarboxylic organic acid, exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic value in diabetic lens pathology. METHODS: This study explored the effects of L-tartaric acid on cataractogenesis in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Oral administration of L-tartaric acid (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle commenced one-week post-diabetes induction and continued for 12 weeks. Cataract formation was evaluated via biomicroscopic scoring. Biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes) and inflammation-related cytokines were conducted, alongside quantitative PCR to assess the expression of inflammation-related cytokines and transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB in lens tissues. RESULTS: Chronic hyperglycemia significantly elevated oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory mediators in the lens, culminating in advanced cataract formation in untreated diabetic rats. In contrast, L‑tartaric acid treatment markedly reduced the incidence and severity of cataracts, lowering the proportion of lenses with advanced opacities (score ≥ 3) from 80 to 30%, a 62.5% relative reduction, concomitantly attenuating lipid peroxidation and improving antioxidant enzyme activities. Notably, L-tartaric acid suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and restored Nrf2 and NF-κB to near-normal levels, without altering blood glucose concentrations. CONCLUSION: L‑tartaric acid significantly reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in the lens, and shows potential in protecting against diabetic cataract by reinforcing the endogenous antioxidant defense network and moderating inflammatory processes. These data suggest that L‑tartaric acid may serve as a promising adjunct therapy to curb the onset and progression of diabetic cataract, possibly through mechanisms independent of glycemic control. Further studies, including topical formulations and well-designed human clinical trials, are needed to validate these preliminary observations.
RETRACTED: Association of Statin Use and Noninfectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Tao BK, Butt FR, Dhivagaran T … +5 more , Mihalache A, Huang RS, Xie JS, Popovic MM, Kaplan AJ
Ophthalmol Retina · 2025 Oct · PMID 41130414 · Publisher ↗
Retraction Notice This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the reque...
Retraction Notice This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the authors. Retraction notice to Association of Statin Use and Noninfectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Tao BK, Butt FR, Dhivagaran T, Mihalache A, Huang RS, Xie JS, Popovic MM, Kaplan AJ. Ophthalmology Retina. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.oret.2025.10.009 The editors and authors wish to note that this article is being retracted from the published record. Following post-publication review, data extraction errors were identified in the primary analysis. Specifically, event counts attributed to Sobrin et al. (1) were erroneously extracted from baseline prevalence figures in the original study rather than from the incident uveitis event counts reported in the results - an error arising from a misplaced decimal point that produced counts inflated by approximately two orders of magnitude (92,525 and 25,167, versus the correct values of 541 and 103, respectively). An additional denominator error was identified in the data extracted from Borkar et al. (2), and study labels were found to be systematically mislabeled in Figures 2 and 4 and in corresponding Results and Discussion text. Upon re-analysis using corrected data, the primary conclusion of the article - that oral statin use was significantly associated with a lower occurrence of noninfectious uveitis - is no longer supported. The corrected primary analysis using unadjusted crude data does not reach statistical significance (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.68-1.21; P = 0.51). Corrected subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses likewise do not yield statistically significant findings. Following review of the corrected analyses, the editors have determined that the article's primary findings are no longer supportable and that the work is not suitable for continued publication. The authors conducted an internal investigation and affirmed that these errors arose from a traceable and inadvertent failure of the data extraction consensus process and were not the result of any intentional misconduct or data fabrication. Upon identification of these honest errors, all authors were in full agreement of retraction to preserve the veracity of the literature. The authors came forward to acknowledge the errors fully and have cooperated transparently throughout the post-publication review process. The authors sincerely regret and apologize for this unintended outcome. This notice is issued as a retraction of the original article. (1) Sobrin L, Yu Y, Han S, et al. Decreased risk of non-infectious anterior uveitis with statin therapy in a large healthcare claims database. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2021;259(9):2783-2793. (2) Borkar DS, Tham VM, Shen E, et al. Association Between Statin Use and Uveitis: Results From the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2026/03/31 2015;159(4):707-713.e2.
Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma After Pars Plana Vitrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Gallo Afflitto G, Fabozzi L, Palmieri F … +7 more , Anastasi M, Pant N, Kaymaz O, Surico PL, Maurino V, Aiello F, Nucci C
Ophthalmology · 2026 Mar · PMID 41072737 · Publisher ↗
TOPIC: To evaluate whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) increases the risk of ocular hypertension (OHT) and glaucoma, with particular focus on lens status as a risk modifier. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ocular hypertension and gl...
TOPIC: To evaluate whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) increases the risk of ocular hypertension (OHT) and glaucoma, with particular focus on lens status as a risk modifier. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ocular hypertension and glaucoma are major complications that can threaten vision and require lifelong management. Although PPV is a standard treatment for vitreoretinal disease, concerns exist about its long-term effects on intraocular pressure and glaucoma, particularly in pseudophakic eyes, where the natural lens barrier is absent. No clear quantitative synthesis currently informs risk stratification in this context. METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024541683), and data reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible studies were randomized or nonrandomized comparative studies reporting OHT or glaucoma after PPV in adults. We last searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and Web of Science on May 25, 2024. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) risk of bias assessment. Meta-analyses were performed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Numbers needed to treat for harm (NNTH) were calculated using standard formulas as recommended in the Cochrane Handbook to enhance the clinical interpretability of the results. RESULTS: Forty-one observational studies (54 006 patients, 54 021 eyes) were included. The pooled absolute risk was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-9.9; I = 94.6%; low certainty) for post-PPV OHT, and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.0-7.2; I = 94.4%; low certainty). Pseudophakic eyes had a threefold higher odds of OHT compared to phakic eyes (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% CI: 1.4-9.9; I = 75.1%; NNTH, 8; very low certainty) and nearly 12-fold higher odds of glaucoma (OR, 11.8; 95% CI: 4.2-33.6; I = 0%; NNTH, 10; moderate certainty). CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy is associated with clinically meaningful risk of OHT and glaucoma, especially in pseudophakic eyes. Despite limitations from nonrandomized data and heterogeneity, these findings highlight lens status as a key modifier of post-PPV risk and support tailored surgical planning and postoperative monitoring. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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