J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 36380560
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Sait Bilal Golem is an Albanian veterinarian who graduated from the Military Veterinary School in 1920. Golem started his doctorate in microbiology at Alfort Veterinary School. In this process, he worked as an assistant...Sait Bilal Golem is an Albanian veterinarian who graduated from the Military Veterinary School in 1920. Golem started his doctorate in microbiology at Alfort Veterinary School. In this process, he worked as an assistant to the world-renowned French microbiologist Dr Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute. After his doctorate, he returned to Albania and established the Veterinary Affairs Organization and made significant contributions to its structuring in international standards. Dr Golem returned to Türkiye in 1926 and started working at the Central Institute of Hygiene. Dr Golem, together with physicians and veterinarians at this institute, diagnosed brucellosis in animals and humans with serological methods for the first time in Türkiye. Moreover, he isolated virus from embryonated eggs for the first time and prepared Komarov type attenuated dry vaccine against this virus for the first time in Türkiye. He conducted the first research on the diagnosis of Q fever and prepared the first intradermal BCG vaccine in Türkiye. Through his studies for both public and animal health in Türkiye, he has contributed to the One Health concept with an understanding that transcends time.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 36380554
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Dr Mary T. Martin Sloop and Dr Eustace Henry Sloop shaped the landscape of healthcare and education for the small town of Crossnore in the mountains of Western North Carolina throughout the early- to mid-twentieth centur...Dr Mary T. Martin Sloop and Dr Eustace Henry Sloop shaped the landscape of healthcare and education for the small town of Crossnore in the mountains of Western North Carolina throughout the early- to mid-twentieth century. The duo of general practitioners founded the Crossnore School and the Garrett Memorial Hospital, later renamed Sloop Memorial Hospital before its closure in 1999. The Sloops provided medical care to an underserved Appalachian population and sought advice and assistance from key community stakeholders with every project they undertook, demonstrating their commitment to cultural assimilation. While the story of the Sloop family is one of success, patients in rural America are currently facing a dual crisis of healthcare access. Rural healthcare professional shortages contribute to difficulties establishing longitudinal relationships with primary care providers, which in turn decreases access to preventative medicine services. With over 106 rural hospitals closing since 2010, patients may face travel barriers to reach inpatient facilities with associated emergency services, and access to specialty services such as surgery is diminished. It is paramount to reflect on and learn from the stories of the past, highlighting the personal and professional fulfillment that can be found in embracing rurality through service and community integration.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Aug · PMID 36285400
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Here we present newspaper accounts from the Sussex Advertiser to consider hitherto largely unknown Brighton doctors active between 1800 and 1809. This body of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries comprised Brighton's 'G...Here we present newspaper accounts from the Sussex Advertiser to consider hitherto largely unknown Brighton doctors active between 1800 and 1809. This body of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries comprised Brighton's 'Gentlemen of the [medical] Faculty', whom the newspaper also dubbed the 'Disciples of Aesclepius'. Members are considered under three broad categories. First, are Brighton-based clinicians (Mr Barratt, Mr Bond, Charles Bankhead, Thomas Guy, John Hall, John Newton, Benjamin Scutt and Sir Matthew Tierney). Second are London clinicians, probably in attendance to the Prince of Wales (John Hunter and Thomas Keate), More widely, two dentists (Dr Durlacher and Mr Bew) and two Royal Navy surgeons (Robert Chambers and Thomas Thong) also recorded at Brighton are considered. Other aspects of medical life are described: recruiting an apprentice, anatomy training at Joshua Brooke's London museum, midwifery, a description of a surgeon's bag and the last reference to the Royal Sussex Jennerian Society (which disappears from the newspaper record in 1807). Clinical cases described include: resuscitation from near-drowning, post-mortem examinations, death from the 'gravel and stone' and accounts of suicide. The primary sources presented in this paper offer rare glimpses into medical life in Brighton at the very start of the nineteenth century.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 36245430
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Elizabeth Blackwell's younger sister, Emily (1826-1910), was the third woman to graduate from a regular U.S. medical college in 1854. Unlike the experience of the two women who preceded her, the Chicago medical school th...Elizabeth Blackwell's younger sister, Emily (1826-1910), was the third woman to graduate from a regular U.S. medical college in 1854. Unlike the experience of the two women who preceded her, the Chicago medical school that accepted Emily refused to allow her to complete her studies and graduate, forcing her to hastily find an alternative. There was no explanation at the time and the , which investigated the incident, could only speculate about the source of such a dishonorable act: "It is very evident there is duplicity and double dealing somewhere. Who is guilty?" Generations of historians have attributed it to Illinois Medical Society pressure against Rush Medical College, but there was no contemporary evidence of such pressure. A closer examination of Blackwell's journal and historical records suggests that Rush founder, president, and professor of surgery, Daniel Brainard engineered her dismissal. One possible motive was a misplaced romantic approach by Brainard. Rush's actions had the paradoxical result of temporarily opening the doors of the Cleveland Medical College (now Case Western Reserve) to four more women medical students.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 36154741
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Although many fields of endeavour emerge owing to the coalescence of the work and observations of numerous individuals, there is usually one seminal event that unites and acts as a catalyst to stimulate and advance the p...Although many fields of endeavour emerge owing to the coalescence of the work and observations of numerous individuals, there is usually one seminal event that unites and acts as a catalyst to stimulate and advance the process. Such was the case with Alexander Ure. Up to this point it had been speculated that chemicals taken into the body may undergo bio-transformation, akin to the digestion of nutrients, but no unequivocal and quantitative experiments had been performed before those of Ure. Following his observations the subject began to flourish; to him may be attributed the beginnings of xenobiochemistry and the field now known as drug metabolism.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 36069037
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Up until the mid-1900s, tricuspid atresia - a birth defect of the tricuspid valve, was once categorized as a "death sentence." The challenge of achieving positive health outcomes for affected patients was compounded by a...Up until the mid-1900s, tricuspid atresia - a birth defect of the tricuspid valve, was once categorized as a "death sentence." The challenge of achieving positive health outcomes for affected patients was compounded by a hesitancy to operate on children. The main concern was safely administering anesthesia to young patients who were going through a strenuous operation that was often poorly tolerated. Despite these assumed limitations, Francis Fontan, a pediatric cardiothoracic surgeon at the Hospital of Tondu in Bordeaux, was able to redirect blood flow from the superior and inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries in 1971, which elucidated the process of advancing clinical practice in medicine. With the support of mentors and a firm belief in this new technique, Fontan pioneered his eponymous procedure and ultimately paved the way for modern cardiovascular surgical techniques that helped to prolong the life of those with single functioning ventricles. The aim of this study is to examine the genesis and the evolution of the Fontan procedure to elucidate the process of advancing clinical practice in medicine by utilizing personal interviews, Fontan's works, associated primary and secondary sources in the context of 20th century cardiothoracic surgery and innovations.
Cooper MJ, Jegatheesan M, Fernandes C
… +1 more, Whiston B
J Med Biogr
· 2024 May · PMID 35942716
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Robert Henderson was a Scottish physician who qualified Doctor of Medicine at Aberdeen in 1786. By 1792, Henderson was working in Brighton on the south coast of England. He was admitted Licentiate of the College of Physi...Robert Henderson was a Scottish physician who qualified Doctor of Medicine at Aberdeen in 1786. By 1792, Henderson was working in Brighton on the south coast of England. He was admitted Licentiate of the College of Physicians of London in 1793. At Brighton he probably worked as a parish doctor. In 1795 Henderson was appointed Physician to the Forces and probably served as a garrison doctor. In Brighton, he is noted as an advocate of chalybeate water therapy (i.e. mineral spring water containing iron salts). Henderson undertook basic experiments into the chemistry of mineral water and a few, very brief, clinical observations may be his. In Henderson's time, the chalybeate in question was part of the 'Wick estate' to the North West of Brighton. Today the site of the spring is located within St Ann's Well Gardens, Hove and this article briefly considers its history. Circumstances link Henderson to Sir Lucas Pepys MD (1742-1830), physician-general to the army and closely associated with both the College of Physicians and the town of Brighton. Henderson died in Brighton on the 3rd April 1808. Henderson's daughter Sophia Janet married Captain William John Thompson Hood who served at Trafalgar aged eleven.
J Med Biogr
· 2022 Aug · PMID 35900914
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Dr. Max Wolf and his wife Margareta were native Austrians. Dr. Wolf was educated in Austria and enjoyed a successful practice of his speciality in Vienna. One of his patients was Albert Goring, the brother of the infamou...Dr. Max Wolf and his wife Margareta were native Austrians. Dr. Wolf was educated in Austria and enjoyed a successful practice of his speciality in Vienna. One of his patients was Albert Goring, the brother of the infamous Nazi, Hermann Goring. This relationship would have a notable effect in Dr. Wolf and his wife escaping the eventual Holocaust after the "Anschluss". Leaving Vienna Dr. Wolf and his wife eventually arrived in New York and began a new life becoming a prominent physician in America.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 35758297
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Dr Agnes Savill was the UK's first female consultant dermatologist with a career journey which was, by any standards, extraordinary. She was awarded her MA in 1893 making her the first female graduate from St Andrews Uni...Dr Agnes Savill was the UK's first female consultant dermatologist with a career journey which was, by any standards, extraordinary. She was awarded her MA in 1893 making her the first female graduate from St Andrews University. She then trained as a doctor in Glasgow in the earliest cohort of women granted the opportunity to study medicine. Following qualification, and during her early professional years, she maintained an involvement in the women's suffrage movement by publicly indicting the government for its brutal treatment of women suffrage prisoners in the 'Votes for Women' campaign. During World War 1 Dr Agnes Savill was one of a handful of women doctors who served at the Scottish Women's Hospital, a combat hospital in France. Dr Savill worked as the radiologist for the unit and developed expertise in the radiographic appearances of gas gangrene. After the war she returned to her dermatology practice, becoming the UK's leading expert in disorders of the hair and scalp and publishing widely on the subject. However, Agnes Savill had interests which extended into the humanities, particularly music. She was advocate for the use of music as treatment for psychological and physical disorders and wrote a book on this subject which helped promote music therapy as a para-clinical discipline. In her latter years she became fascinated by the history of classical antiquity and, at the age of 79, published a biography of Alexander the Great, an account praised for being both lucid and authoritative. Agnes Savill was a remarkable pioneering doctor: she was a ground-breaking dermatologist, she fought for women's rights and served in France as a combat doctor. Her work in music therapy and her writings on ancient history brought acclaim beyond the realm of medicine. Dr Agnes Savill is Dermatology's Renaissance Woman.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 35585692
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The significance of Social Medicine in France in 1848 as a movement led by doctor Jules Guérin is not adequately documented. Why would an orthopedist write the call to doctors in Paris proposing a union around Social Med...The significance of Social Medicine in France in 1848 as a movement led by doctor Jules Guérin is not adequately documented. Why would an orthopedist write the call to doctors in Paris proposing a union around Social Medicine? What is the meaning of the formulation on Social Medicine made by Jules Guérin in 1848? An analysis of Jules Guérin's trajectory supported by primary and bibliographic sources was made to answer these questions. The material analyzed allows us to conclude that there was no movement around Social Medicine, unlike hygiene, and closer to the revolutionary proposals of 1848. Jules Guérin was a liberal doctor who aimed to have a place in the new revolutionary government for the medical corporation. His scientific and professional work was fundamentally related to orthopedics, and the paper on Social Medicine was a circumstantial essay with liberal content.
J Med Biogr
· 2023 May · PMID 35538904
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Arriving to the United States in 1921, Dr. Vladimir Fortunato (1885-1938) was a respected and celebrated figure responsible for creating striking medical models and anatomical sculptures. Although Dr. Fortunato was well...Arriving to the United States in 1921, Dr. Vladimir Fortunato (1885-1938) was a respected and celebrated figure responsible for creating striking medical models and anatomical sculptures. Although Dr. Fortunato was well connected and worked for some of the United States' most prestigious medical institutions, his legacy, achievements, and creations have all but vanished from the annals of American medical history. In an effort to establish a more defined profile of this obscure man's life and lifework, this article draws on scant information provided by a range of sources, including academic journal articles, obituaries, and physician autobiography. In the present-day era of digital imaging technologies, Dr. Fortunato's lifelike sculptures represent a bygone age of medical visualization that embraced both utility and beauty.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 35491684
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During the late 19th and the early 20th century there was an unprecedented development in medical research. Tissue and cell culture rapidly developed into areas with many contributing scientists. The same is true for tis...During the late 19th and the early 20th century there was an unprecedented development in medical research. Tissue and cell culture rapidly developed into areas with many contributing scientists. The same is true for tissue transplantation. When these achievements are described afterwards in a historical context and a mainline development is constructed, there are researchers whose pioneering work is forgotten. The present paper attempts to correct this and to present a correct description of the start of tissue preservation and transplantation. We have traced relevant original publications in international journals between 1870 and 1920. The traditional view is that Alexis Carrel was the first He received a Nobel Prize 1912 for his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs. The same year he published an article on human skin storage and transplantation. This was more than a decade later than Carl August Ljunggren (1860-1934) who 1898 published his pioneering but long forgotten work on human skin preservation and transplantation, and with a vision of tissue banks. Our article contains a brief biography of Ljunggren, and further reconstructs the processes that resulted in the lack of awareness today of his achievements. Carl August Ljunggren was the first to preserve human skin in vitro for prolonged periods, followed by transplantation of the specimens to other patients. He was also the first to propose the use of tissue banks.
J Med Biogr
· 2024 Feb · PMID 35491683
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Xavier Bichat, who lived a short life (1771-1802), was prominent French anatomist and physiologist during the time of revolution and one of the founders of French scientific medicine. He played a key role in the creation...Xavier Bichat, who lived a short life (1771-1802), was prominent French anatomist and physiologist during the time of revolution and one of the founders of French scientific medicine. He played a key role in the creation of the science of histology. Indeed, he was the first to see the organs of the body as being formed through the specialization of simple, functional units (tissues). Bichat is also known as one of the last of the major theorists of vitalism.