Journal Of Motor Behavior[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Structural Learning Benefits in a Visuomotor Adaptation Task Generalize to a Contralateral Effector.
Brunfeldt AT, Desrochers PC, Kagerer FA
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38989887 · Publisher ↗
Structural learning is characterized by facilitated adaptation following training on a set of sensory perturbations all belonging to the same structure (e.g., 'visuomotor rotations'). This generalization of learning is a...
Structural learning is characterized by facilitated adaptation following training on a set of sensory perturbations all belonging to the same structure (e.g., 'visuomotor rotations'). This generalization of learning is a core feature of the motor system and is often studied in the context of interlimb transfer. However, such transfer has only been demonstrated when participants learn to counter a specific perturbation in the sensory feedback of their movements; we determined whether structural learning in one limb generalized to the contralateral limb. We trained 13 participants to counter random visual feedback rotations between +/-90 degrees with the right hand and subsequently tested the left hand on a fixed rotation. The structural training group showed faster adaptation in the left hand in both feedforward and feedback components of reaching compared to 13 participants who trained with veridical reaching, with lower initial reaching error, and straighter, faster, and smoother movements than in the control group. The transfer was ephemeral - benefits were confined to roughly the first 20 trials. The results demonstrate that the motor system can extract invariant properties of seemingly random environments in one limb, and that this information can be accessed by the contralateral limb.
Self-Controlled Feedback in Motor Learning: The Effects Depend on the Frequency of Request.
Drews R, Pacheco MM, Bastos FH … +1 more , Tani G
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38989724 · Publisher ↗
The benefits of allowing learners to control when to receive knowledge of results (KR) compared to a yoked group has been recently challenged and postulated to be mild at best. A potential explanation for such dissident...
The benefits of allowing learners to control when to receive knowledge of results (KR) compared to a yoked group has been recently challenged and postulated to be mild at best. A potential explanation for such dissident findings is that individuals differentially utilize the autonomy provided by the self-controlled condition, which, in its turn, affects the outcomes. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of self-controlled KR on motor learning focusing on the frequency of KR requests when performing an anticipatory timing task. Self-controlled groups were created based on participants' KR frequency of request (High, Medium, and Low referring to fifth, third, and first quintile) and, then, Yoked groups were created self-control condition pairing the KR request of the Self-controlled groups. We also measured self-efficacy and processing time as means to verify potential correlates. The results supported the expected interaction. While no difference between self-controlled and yoked groups were found for low frequencies of KR, a moderate amount of KR request was related to better results for the self-controlled group. Nonetheless, the opposite trend was observed for high frequencies of KR; the yoked group was superior to the self-controlled group. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the choices made, and not just the possibility of choosing, seem to define the benefits of KR self-control in motor learning.
Assessment of the Acute Effects of Wearable Sensor Derived Auditory Biofeedback on Gross Lumbar Proprioception.
Battis A, Beaudette SM
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38979916 · Publisher ↗
Lower back disorders (LBDs) affect a large proportion of the population, and treatment for LBDs have been shifting toward individualized, patient-centered approaches. LBDs are typically associated with poor proprioceptio...
Lower back disorders (LBDs) affect a large proportion of the population, and treatment for LBDs have been shifting toward individualized, patient-centered approaches. LBDs are typically associated with poor proprioception. Therefore, there has been a recent uptake in the utilization of wearable sensors that can administer biofeedback in various industrial, clinical, and performance-based settings to improve lumbar proprioception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether wearable sensor-derived acute auditory biofeedback can be used to improve measures of gross lumbar proprioception. To assess this, healthy participants completed an active target repositioning protocol, followed by a training period where lumbar-spine posture referenced auditory feedback was provided for select targets. Target re-matching abilities were captured before and after acute auditory biofeedback training to extract measures related to accuracy and precision across spine flexion targets (i.e., 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% maximum). Results suggest a heterogenous response to proprioceptive training whereby certain individuals and spine flexion targets experienced positive effects (i.e., improved accuracy and precision). Specifically, results suggest that mid-range flexion targets (i.e., 40-60% maximum flexion) benefited most from the acute auditory feedback training. Further, individuals with poorer repositioning abilities in the pre-training assessment showed the greatest improvements from the auditory feedback training.
Neuromuscular Training Effects on Athletes' Jumping and Lower Limb Injury: A Systematic Review.
Qin Z, Qin Y, Wang J
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38967242 · Publisher ↗
This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,...
This study assessed the impact of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on athletes' jumping performance and lower limb injury prevention. A thorough search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, identified a sample of 19,805 athletes aged between 8.5 and 27.7 years. Results showed that INT led to a significant improvement in jumping ability (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.30-0.60, = 0.000) and a reduction in lower limb injuries (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.74, = 0.000). The most effective interventions lasted at least 25 minutes, conducted 2-5 times per week, for a minimum of 9 weeks. This approach was particularly beneficial for children and adolescents, as it enhanced their countermovement jump (CMJ) ability and helped in the prevention of injuries.
Online Anticipatory Cues During Practice Disrupt Intentional and Incidental Sequence Learning.
Dahm SF, Krause D
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38958336 · Publisher ↗
In the Serial Reaction Time Task, participants respond to several stimuli usually being unaware that the stimuli follow a predefined sequence while still learning the sequence. In the present study, we aimed to clearly s...
In the Serial Reaction Time Task, participants respond to several stimuli usually being unaware that the stimuli follow a predefined sequence while still learning the sequence. In the present study, we aimed to clearly separate explicit intentional learning from implicit incidental learning by either informing participants about all details of the sequence or not informing participants about the existence of the sequence. Further, we explored the influence of anticipatory cues during practice while anticipatory cues were either presented (extrinsically triggered anticipation) or not presented (self-reliant intrinsic anticipation). Participants were tested before and after practice in the Practice Sequence and a Control Sequence. To test automatization, tests were performed in Single-Task and Dual-Task Blocks. Results showed that after learning with explicit instructions, participants memorized the sequence more deeply and executed the sequence faster than after learning without explicit instructions. Further, by learning with anticipatory cues, participants memorized the sequence less deeply and executed the sequence slower than by learning without anticipatory cues. Unexpectedly, automatization was sequence-unspecific and independent of the practice conditions. In conclusion, detailed explicit prior information about the sequence facilitates sequence learning while anticipatory online cues during practice hamper sequence learning.
Do Children with Co-Occurring ADHD and DCD Differ in Motor Performance?
Goulardins JB, Nascimento RO, Casella EB … +4 more , Silva MA, Piek J, Matos MA, de Oliveira JA
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38811009 · Publisher ↗
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a condition involving challenges in acquiri...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a condition involving challenges in acquiring and executing motor skills. This cross-sectional study aimed to distinguish motor symptoms between ADHD and ADHD/DCD. A total of 283 children from two elementary schools underwent screening, leading to the identification of 27 children with ADHD. The assessment encompassed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV Questionnaire (SNAP-IV), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2), and the Motor Development Scale (MDS). The groups consisted of ADHD (14) and ADHD/DCD (13). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in general motor age means between groups ( = 0.016), indicating inferior performance in the ADHD/DCD group. The coexistence of DCD significantly influenced the motor performance of children with ADHD, particularly in fine motor skills ( = 0.018) and balance ( = 0.033). Both groups exhibited mild to moderate risk of motor development delay. It is suggested that ADHD is associated with motor problems, even when DCD is not co-occurring. Specific domain-based analysis could demonstrate how the co-occurrence with DCD affects the motor performance of children with ADHD, with statistically significant differences observed in fine motor skills and balance.
The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on the Knee Proprioception: A Systematic Review.
Azevedo J, Moreira-Silva I, Seixas A … +3 more , Fonseca P, Oliveira J, Vilas-Boas JP
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38810655 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EB...
This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases and Google Scholar was conducted using the expression: "fatigue" AND ("proprioception" OR "position sense" OR "repositioning" OR "kinesthesia" OR "detection of passive motion" OR "force sense" OR "sense of resistance") AND "knee". Forty-two studies were included. Regarding joint-position sense, higher repositioning errors were reported after local and general protocols. Kinesthesia seems to be more affected when fatigue is induced locally, and force sense when assessed at higher target forces and after eccentric protocols. Muscle fatigue, both induced locally or generally, has a negative impact on the knee proprioception.
Attentional Distractions Do Not Influence Lumbar Spine Local Dynamic Stability during Repetitive Flexion-Extension Movements.
Galbraith GB, Larson DJ, Brown SHM
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38782408 · Publisher ↗
The association between low back pain and lumbar spine local dynamic stability (LDS) appears to be modulated by if and how someone catastrophizes about pain, suggesting that the cognitive perceptions of pain may influenc...
The association between low back pain and lumbar spine local dynamic stability (LDS) appears to be modulated by if and how someone catastrophizes about pain, suggesting that the cognitive perceptions of pain may influence an individual's ability to control lumbar spine motion. Previous work also demonstrates that directing cognitive resources and attentional focus can influence movement performance. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether distracting attentional focus would influence lumbar spine LDS during repetitive flexion-extension movements. Sixteen participants performed repetitive spine flexion-extension movements under two baseline conditions (pre- and post-), and while attentional focus was distracted by either an external sensory stimulus or a cognitive-motor dual-task, both targeted at the hands. Lumbar spine LDS was examined over 30 continuous movement repetitions using maximum Lyapunov exponents. In comparison to both Baseline and Post-Baseline trials, the perceived mental workload was significantly elevated during the cognitive-motor dual-task trial but not the external sensory stimulus trial. The only statistically significant effect on LDS occurred in the Post-Baseline trial, where LDS was higher than in the cognitive-motor dual-task. In combination with previous work, these findings suggest that distracting attentional focus during repetitive lumbar spine flexion-extension movements does not have a negative influence on lumbar spine LDS.
The Effect of Motor Imagery Practice on an Aiming Task with Attentional Focus Cues.
Yamada M, Barclift AD, Raisbeck LD
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38735557 · Publisher ↗
When one directs their attention to an intended effect (external focus of attention, EFOA), motor performance is generally better than when one directs their attention to their own body movements (internal focus of atten...
When one directs their attention to an intended effect (external focus of attention, EFOA), motor performance is generally better than when one directs their attention to their own body movements (internal focus of attention, IFOA). However, the effect of attentional focus is unclear when a skill is practiced through motor imagery (MI) in the absence of physical trials. Participants ( = 30, = 22.33 yrs, = 2.69) in the present study completed three physical trials of a reciprocal aiming task before and (24-h) after MI practice. During MI practice, the EFOA ( = 15) and IFOA ( = 15) groups mentally practiced the task with no physical practice with EFOA-MI or IFOA-MI, respectively, for three consecutive days. Our results showed that both groups significantly improved in accuracy ( = 6.49, = .017), supporting the benefit of MI in motor skill acquisition. However, a significant effect of attentional focus was not observed ( = 0.445, = 0.51). We discussed two potential explanations: EFOA/IFOA requires physical trials to affect performance, or individuals must use both EFOA and IFOA in the process of creating imagery of the environment and movements, which may obscure the effect of EFOA and IFOA.
Lower Limb Proprioception in Low Back Pain and Its Relationship With Voluntary Postural Control.
Chen Z, Tirosh O, Han J … +3 more , Adams R, El-Ansary D, Pranata A
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38697938 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to investigate whether patients with low back pain (LBP) had impaired lower limb proprioception and its association with somatosensory acuity. Thirty patients with LBP and 30 asymptomatic people voluntee...
This study aimed to investigate whether patients with low back pain (LBP) had impaired lower limb proprioception and its association with somatosensory acuity. Thirty patients with LBP and 30 asymptomatic people volunteered, using Sway Discrimination Apparatus tests to assess somatosensory acuity during voluntary anteroposterior and mediolateral postural sway. Results showed significantly reduced somatosensory acuity in mediolateral sway in LBP patients ( = 0.005) with ankle, knee, and hip proprioception showing significantly impairment compared to asymptomatic controls (all ≤ 0.012). Regression analysis showed that ankle and hip proprioception were significantly associated with somatosensory perception (0.001 ≤ ≤ 0.026, 0.067 ≤ ≤ 0.235). Overall, findings suggested a global deterioration of lower limb proprioception in LBP patients, with ankle and hip proprioception playing crucial role in somatosensory perception.
Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation Shows Greater Efficacy Than Traditional in Visuospatial Skills and Cognition in Neglect Patients.
Kim WC, Jeong YJ, Jeong YG … +1 more , Lee KH
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38569590 · Publisher ↗
This study is crucial for improving unilateral spatial neglect (USN) treatments, focusing on comparing the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR) against conventional rehabilitation (CR) metho...
This study is crucial for improving unilateral spatial neglect (USN) treatments, focusing on comparing the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR) against conventional rehabilitation (CR) methods. It aimed to address a significant research gap and improve patient outcomes by evaluating the impact of CACR versus CR on visuospatial perception, visual field and attention, and visual memory in patients with USN. This study was a randomized controlled trial. Forty-five consecutive patients with USN from a university rehabilitation center were divided into two groups: 22 patients received CACR with Rehacom software, focusing on saccadic eye movement, visual field, and visual-motor coordination, while 23 underwent CR that combined hemispheric activation approach, mental imagery training, and vibration therapy. Assessments included the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT), Line Bisection Test (LBT), Visual Span Test (VST), and Visual Recognition Test (VRT). The study employed ANCOVA and effect size calculations to evaluate the effectiveness of CACR compared to CR in treating patients with USN. Results indicated that CACR significantly outperformed CR in improving visuospatial perception, visual field, attention, and memory, showcasing its effectiveness in treating USN. These findings demonstrate the superiority of CACR over CR, particularly in enhancing visual memory and attention, as evidenced by the large effect size in VRT and moderate effects in LBT and VST. This suggests CACR's potential as a more effective approach for rehabilitation in patients with USN due to brain injuries.
Muscle Recruitment Strategies in a Redundant Task: Age Differences Through Network Analyses.
Villalba MM, Silva NRS, Fujita RA … +3 more , Fogagnolo C, Gomes MM, Pacheco MM
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38565202 · Publisher ↗
There are numerous studies comparing young and old adults in terms of muscle coordination in standard tasks (e.g., walking, reaching) and small variations of them. These tasks might hide differences: individuals would co...
There are numerous studies comparing young and old adults in terms of muscle coordination in standard tasks (e.g., walking, reaching) and small variations of them. These tasks might hide differences: individuals would converge to similar behavior as they practice these throughout life. Also, we are unaware of studies that considered the muscle recruitment nested dynamics. For this reason, our study evaluated how young and old women coordinate and control the movement system while performing an unusual redundant motor control task through the network physiology approach. We acquired electromyographic signals from nine leg muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (knee extension and flexion) and co-contraction bouts. Our results showed that young participants presented higher peak torque output, with similar EMG variability, compared to older participants. Considering firing rate frequencies, old and young women demonstrated different traits for network clustering and efficiency for the task. Age seems to affect muscle coordination at higher frequencies, even with a similar number of muscle synergies, indicating that younger women might have more integrated synergies than older women. The findings also point to differential muscle coordination adaptability.
Reducing Grip Uncertainty During Initial Prosthetic Hand Use Improves Eye-Hand Coordination and Lowers Mental Workload.
Mohamed MO, Wood G, Wright DJ … +1 more , Parr JVV
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38522858 · Publisher ↗
The reliance on vision to control a myoelectric prosthesis is cognitively burdensome and contributes to device abandonment. The feeling of uncertainty when gripping an object is thought to be the cause of this overrelian...
The reliance on vision to control a myoelectric prosthesis is cognitively burdensome and contributes to device abandonment. The feeling of uncertainty when gripping an object is thought to be the cause of this overreliance on vision in hand-related actions. We explored if experimentally reducing grip uncertainty alters the visuomotor control and mental workload experienced during initial prosthesis use. In a repeated measures design, twenty-one able-bodied participants took part in a pouring task across three conditions: (a) using their anatomical hand, (b) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator, and (c) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator with Velcro attached to reduce grip uncertainty. Performance, gaze behaviour (using mobile eye-tracking) and self-reported mental workload, was measured. Results showed that using a prosthesis (with or without Velcro) slowed task performance, impaired typical eye-hand coordination and increased mental workload compared to anatomic hand control. However, when using the prosthesis with Velcro, participants displayed better prosthesis control, more effective eye-hand coordination and reduced mental workload compared to when using the prosthesis without Velcro. These positive results indicate that reducing grip uncertainty could be a useful tool for encouraging more effective prosthesis control strategies in the early stages of prosthetic hand learning.
The Relationship of Gastrocnemius-Soleus Muscle Architecture with Balance and Functional Strength in Acute Stroke Patients.
Yakut H, Ayyıldız VA, Bekar Z … +2 more , Kayan M, Kutluhan S
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38503319 · Publisher ↗
Balance and functional impairment could occur due to the weakness of the gastrocsoleus muscles in acute stroke patients. This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture and its relationship to balance and fun...
Balance and functional impairment could occur due to the weakness of the gastrocsoleus muscles in acute stroke patients. This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture and its relationship to balance and functional strength functional ability in patients with acute stroke. A cross-sectional analysis of 22 stroke patients (68.59 ± 8.16) was performed in this study. Gastrocnemius muscle thickness and cross-sectional area were significantly greater on the non-paretic than on the paretic sides ( = 0.004, = 0.005, respectively). Partial correlation analysis showed that soleus muscle thickness and cross-sectional area was significantly correlated with Berg Balance Scale, Single Leg Stance Test, Five Times Sit to Stand Test and Tandem test results in the paretic side ( = 0.49-0.77, < 0.05). The gastrocnemius muscle thickness of the non-paretic side had a significant relationship with balance ( = 0.45-0.65, < 0.05). The muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle on the paretic sides was significantly related with the functional strength and balance after stroke. It may be beneficial to develop clinical assessment and intervention programs focusing on distal plantar flexor muscle groups in order to improve the functional status and balance.
Dual-Task and Single-Task Practice Does Not Influence the Attentional Demands of Movement Sequence Representations.
Pfeifer C, Harenz J, Shea CH … +1 more , Panzer S
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38484757 · Publisher ↗
This study examined the attentional demands of movement sequence representations at different temporal points after single- or dual-task practice. The visual-spatial representation encodes the movement based on visual-sp...
This study examined the attentional demands of movement sequence representations at different temporal points after single- or dual-task practice. The visual-spatial representation encodes the movement based on visual-spatial coordinates such as the target locations. The motor representation encodes the movement in motor coordinates including joint angles and muscle activation patterns. Participants were randomly assigned to a single-task or dual-task practice group. Following acquisition, participants performed two retention tests and inter-manual transfer tests, both under dual-task and single-task. The transfer tests consisted of a mirror and non-mirror test and examined motor and visual-spatial representation development. The main finding is that attentional demands of the sequence representations were not affected by the practice condition. However, movement initiation requires more attention than the end of the movement in both representations.
Training Response Abilities of Children With Intellectual Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Rao PT, Solomon JM
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38453173 · Publisher ↗
Response abilities, i.e., response time (RT) and response force (RF), which are essential for efficient motor control, are impaired in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). The study aimed to evaluate the effects...
Response abilities, i.e., response time (RT) and response force (RF), which are essential for efficient motor control, are impaired in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). The study aimed to evaluate the effects of object control skills training, computer-based games training, or standard care on the RT and RF of children with ID when measured across task conditions. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a special education school where 75 children with ID, between 9 and 17 years of age, were randomly assigned to object control skills training, computer-based games training, or standard care, where intervention groups were provided thrice a week for four weeks. The RT and RF were measured using a response analyzer for simple response task, (passive and active) dual-task, and choice response task at baseline, post-intervention, and four-week follow-up. The RT significantly reduced with object control skills training (η= .325) and computer-based games training (η= .159). Participants who received the object control skills training had greater stability in force production than the other groups. With training, children with ID take less time and show better stability in their ability to modulate force in various task settings, with more pronounced effects with the object control skills training.
Motion Analysis of the Mug Transportation Task Through Upper Limb Kinematics.
Freire B, Silva LY, Espindola KA … +2 more , da Rocha JRO, Michaelsen SM
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38439504 · Publisher ↗
The task of transporting objects is a fundamental part of daily living activities. Previous kinematic studies focusing on tasks such as pointing, reach-to-grasp, and drinking have not fully captured the motor behaviors i...
The task of transporting objects is a fundamental part of daily living activities. Previous kinematic studies focusing on tasks such as pointing, reach-to-grasp, and drinking have not fully captured the motor behaviors involved in object transportation, including placing a cup on a table or storing items in specific places. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the motor behavior associated with transporting a mug using upper limb kinematic variables. Fifteen healthy adults were instructed to transport an open-handle mug across a table. The kinematic metrics evaluated included object end-error for accuracy, frontal and lateral end-range for precision, movement time, peak velocity, time to peak velocity for control strategy, object path ratio for efficiency, and interjoint coordination. The stability of motor behavior was assessed through a test-retest analysis. The mug transporting task achieved accuracy with a radius <10 mm around the target, a peak velocity of ∼0.4 m/s, a control strategy where acceleration time constituted about 30% of the movement time, and a slightly curved trajectory. The test-retest analysis confirmed stable motor behavior across all kinematic metrics (ICCs > 0.75). Thus, the mug transporting task exhibited unique and stable kinematic characteristics, distinguishing it from non-transport activities and effectively mirroring transporting activities of daily living.
Effects of Sensory Input Interactions on Components of Nonlinear Dynamics of Postural Sway in Aging.
Alcan V
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38423521 · Publisher ↗
Postural control involves complex nonlinear dynamics influenced by the interaction and adaptation of different sensory inputs. However, it is not how these inputs interact with one another due to the complex complication...
Postural control involves complex nonlinear dynamics influenced by the interaction and adaptation of different sensory inputs. However, it is not how these inputs interact with one another due to the complex complications associated with aging, particularly concerning the nonlinear dynamics of postural sway. This study aimed to examine how different sensory inputs, surface conditions, and aging factors to influence postural control mechanisms between young and older by investigating the nonlinear dynamics of postural control using the stabilogram diffusion analysis (SDA) and entropy methods. SDA parameters were much greater on foam surfaces than on firm surfaces for both groups in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions ( ≤ 0.05). For older subjects, there were significant differences in entropy values between firm and foam surfaces ( ≤ 0.05) but no significant difference between eyes conditions ( > 0.05). For both SDA and entropy parameters, surface and age interaction potentially revealed significant differences between young and older subjects ( ≤ 0.05) than eyes and age interaction. The present study provided insight into uncovering the complex relationships between sensory inputs, surface conditions, age, and their potential interaction effects on postural control mechanisms that could mitigate falls and alleviate the fear of falling, particularly in older populations.
Quantitative EEG for the Monitoring of Walking Recovery in Chronic Stroke Patients Receiving Action Observation Training.
Shamsi F, Aligholi H, Karimi MT … +2 more , Borhani-Haghighi A, Nami M
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38408745 · Publisher ↗
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of action observation on the walking ability and oscillatory brain activity of chronic stroke patients. Fourteen chronic stroke patients were allocated randomly to the acti...
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of action observation on the walking ability and oscillatory brain activity of chronic stroke patients. Fourteen chronic stroke patients were allocated randomly to the action observation (AO) or sham observation (SO) groups. Both groups received 12 sessions of intervention. Each session composed of 12 min of observational training, which depicted exercises for the experimental group but nature pictures for the sham group and 40 min of occupational therapy, which was the same for the both groups. Walking ability was assessed by a motion analysis system and brain activity was monitored using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) before and after the intervention. Brain asymmetry at alpha frequency, the percentage of stance phase, and step length showed significant changes in the AO group. Only the change in global alpha power was significantly correlated with the change in velocity after the intervention in AO group. Despite more improvements in walking and brain activity of patients in the AO group, our study failed to show significant correlations between the brain activity changes and functional improvements after the intervention, which might be mainly due to the small sample size in our study. Trial registration: IRCT20181014041333N1.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Static Balance and Mental Fatigue in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Study.
Ercan Yıldız S, Gurses E, Yıgıt O … +2 more , Mutlu F, Genc GA
J Mot Behav · 2024 · PMID 38373721 · Publisher ↗
Mental fatigue (MF) occurs when a demanding cognitive-task is performed over a long period of time, making it difficult to continue daily tasks and maintain balance. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether...
Mental fatigue (MF) occurs when a demanding cognitive-task is performed over a long period of time, making it difficult to continue daily tasks and maintain balance. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the Stroop test induces mental fatigue and to examine its effects on static balance. The study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-post testing. Twenty participants (19-44) were included. Static posturography was used to evaluate balance at baseline following a 25-min relaxation period of rest and in the MFC (mental-fatigue condition) following the induction of MF with the Stroop test. The other measurements were the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The study found that mental fatigue significantly increased at MFC compared to baseline, as indicated by MFI (=.031) and FSS (=.007) results with moderate effect sizes ( = 0.52, = 0.67, respectively). Similarly, the study found a statistically significant increase in mental fatigue as measured by VAS results (=.000, = 0.95). However, the study did not find any statistically significant impairment in static balance due to mental fatigue in healthy young subjects. The results suggest that the Stroop test can induce mental fatigue, but it does not impair static balance.
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