Adv. Pharmacol. [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Preface.
Sánchez-Navarro M, Oller-Salvia B
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252172 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Brain shuttle peptides: From permeability assay toolbox to data-driven discovery.
Mohović N, Njirjak M, Dražić E … +2 more , Bevandić PJ, Kalafatovic D
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252171 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective transport interface that protects the central nervous system (CNS), but its complex cellular and molecular architecture presents a major challenge for drug delivery to...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective transport interface that protects the central nervous system (CNS), but its complex cellular and molecular architecture presents a major challenge for drug delivery to the brain. Peptides have emerged as promising brain shuttles due to their selectivity, ease of synthesis, and ability to engage endogenous transport mechanisms such as receptor- or adsorptive-mediated transcytosis. We provide an overview of in vitro and in vivo models, ranging from artificial membranes, dynamic BBB-on-a-chip systems and mass-based quantification techniques to brain perfusion and molecular imaging. Particular emphasis is placed on how these approaches are selected and combined to assess BBB permeability, transport mechanisms, and brain distribution of peptide shuttles. Recently, machine learning methods have been increasingly used to identify peptide sequences with BBB-crossing potential. By highlighting recent examples and key methodological considerations, this chapter aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate tools and strategies for studying peptide transport across the BBB.
Brain shuttle peptides derived from phage display.
Ille AM, Tang FHF, Chen ER … +2 more , Arap W, Pasqualini R
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252170 · Publisher ↗
Vascular beds within different tissues, including the brain, exhibit diverse molecular heterogeneity. Screening of peptide libraries using in vivo phage display exploits this heterogeneity, enabling the discovery of pept...
Vascular beds within different tissues, including the brain, exhibit diverse molecular heterogeneity. Screening of peptide libraries using in vivo phage display exploits this heterogeneity, enabling the discovery of peptide ligands which selectively home to specific tissues. A prime example is identification of the iron-mimicking peptide CRTIGPSVC which undergoes receptor-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to the transferrin/transferrin receptor (TfR) complex. Various other brain-homing and BBB-crossing peptides have been discovered by in vivo phage display as well as phage display performed in vitro, i.e., in BBB models, cultured cells, and immobilized receptors. Furthermore, these peptides have been used for preclinical therapeutic applications for a number of different brain disorders. Continued research involving phage display is expected to further characterize the determinants of BBB transport, uncover additional BBB-crossing peptides, and facilitate ongoing development of brain-targeted therapies.
Physiological strategies for brain delivery.
Gonzalez-Carter D
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252169 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains an obstacle to treat neurological diseases, prompting the development of delivery strategies to target therapies to the brain. Receptor-mediated transport has become a major focus of...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains an obstacle to treat neurological diseases, prompting the development of delivery strategies to target therapies to the brain. Receptor-mediated transport has become a major focus of research efforts aiming to exploit innate transport mechanisms. The last decade has seen important innovations ranging from ligand-modified nanocarriers to engineered biologics that harness trafficking pathways. However, such developments have demonstrated brain delivery requires a nuanced engagement of target proteins to ensure efficient internalization and intracellular trafficking. Therefore, much remains to be understood of BBB transport mechanisms to ensure maximal brain delivery of therapeutics. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates cell-membrane targets do not necessarily require an innate biological transport function to promote transport across the BBB. These observations open the possibility of expanding our target repertoire beyond transport-related proteins. Novel targets may therefore include structural or signalling proteins which have a more favourable brain-to-periphery expression ratio. In addition, they may include non-protein components of the cell membrane, for instance the glycocalyx covering endothelial surfaces. Such novel targets would therefore allow us to harness more fully the phenotypic specialization of brain endothelial cells. In addition, recent years have witnessed the development of targeting strategies harnessing not only structural differences of brain endothelial cells, but in addition take advantage of the dynamic control of BBB specialization. As such, advances have been made to exploit cell-membrane dynamics; haemodynamic response; vascular segmentation; or pathological modulation. The field of brain delivery is therefore advancing towards exploiting the highly unique physiology of the BBB to achieve a more dynamic approach to BBB targeting and maximize transport into the brain.
Brain shuttle peptides derived from natural proteins.
Nikolić A, Todorovski T
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252168 · Publisher ↗
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the primary physiological barrier that regulates the movement of substances between the systemic circulation and the brain. Its unique structure, based on specialized endothelial cells, allow...
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the primary physiological barrier that regulates the movement of substances between the systemic circulation and the brain. Its unique structure, based on specialized endothelial cells, allows tight regulation of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and at the same time is the main hurdle in the modern medicine to treat neurological conditions. Many promising in vitro drugs become ineffective in vivo due to BBB restrictive permeability. However, in the last two decades, a variety of molecules, mainly peptide-based and named brain shuttle peptides, were able to ferry various payloads (small molecules, proteins, antibodies etc.) into the brain. Therefore, these shuttles could become key future therapeutics to fight various CNS conditions. Brain shuttle peptides are part of a larger family of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that utilize different modes of membrane transport with predominance of adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). The discovery and development process of new brain shuttle peptides is mainly guided by using rational design and bioinformatics approaches focusing mostly on proteins from natural sources (viruses, amphibians, reptiles and mammals). In the last years, the virus- and mammal-derived brain shuttle peptides have been gaining increased attention due to their superb translocation capacity, low immunogenicity and toxicity, good stability and ease of preparation. Here, we will focus on the most prominent brain shuttle peptides of viral and animal origin with documented BBB crossing capabilities, discussing their mechanisms of translocation and therapeutic applications. Notably, the two brain shuttle peptides that have successfully progressed to clinical trials thus far originate from a viral source (TAT) and a mammalian source (Angiopep-2).
In vitro blood-brain barrier models for the study of brain shuttle peptide transport.
Martins A, Santa-Maria AR, Kucsápszky N … +6 more , Santa Brígida de Barros Góes L, Molnár K, Sousa Gomes Fortes S, Carrilho E, Deli MA, Walter FR
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252167 · Publisher ↗
Brain shuttles, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, peptides, or nanocarriers, are engineered to exploit the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms to deliver therapeutics to the brain. This strate...
Brain shuttles, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, peptides, or nanocarriers, are engineered to exploit the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms to deliver therapeutics to the brain. This strategy has emerged as a potential game-changer to overcome the therapeutic challenge of many brain diseases: the hindered passage of molecules across the BBB. Due to special tight junctions, low intracellular vesicles, negatively charged glycocalyx, and highly regulated transport, brain endothelial cells limit central nervous system drug delivery. To facilitate drug passage to the brain, brain shuttles utilize endogenous transport pathways, such as receptor-mediated and adsorptive-mediated transcytosis. In vitro BBB models provide a controlled environment to evaluate the passage of brain shuttles across the BBB. Here, we present the cellular and methodological basis for selecting an appropriate model type for any shuttle study, with relevant barrier tightness and cellular composition. We explain how to apply rigorous experimental controls to assess transport efficiency, receptor specificity, cytotoxicity, and barrier integrity, which helps to identify specific transport phenomena, and exclude artefacts.
Polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with peptides: Advanced strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Llorente X, Esteruelas G, García ML … +2 more , Souto EB, Sánchez-López E
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252166 · Publisher ↗
Targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) to tackle brain disorders is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which, due to its unique physiology, severely restricts the entry of drugs into the brain....
Targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) to tackle brain disorders is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which, due to its unique physiology, severely restricts the entry of drugs into the brain. Among the different strategies proposed to overcome the BBB, nanotechnology-based approaches, particularly polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), have emerged as promising tools. These carriers can protect therapeutic payloads, modulate release profiles, and enhance drug concentration in the CNS. Furthermore, their surfaces can be functionalized with brain shuttle peptides for active targeting strategies. Peptide shuttles recognize specific receptors on the cerebral endothelium, thereby promoting transcytosis and facilitating selective transport into the brain. Peptides functionalizing the surface of PNPs may also increase the interactions between these PNPs and lipid bilayers thereby improving their penetration across the BBB. This chapter discusses the properties and design of peptide-functionalized PNPs, emphasizing how particle size, surface and biodegradability critically influence their performance. Chemical conjugation methods enabling the stable attachment of peptide shuttles are discussed, with particular attention to translational studies addressing major CNS pathologies, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic injuries. Current challenges that determine clinical application, such as variability in synthesis, toxicity, and enzymatic instability, are also critically analysed with the aim of outlining future directions for peptide-mediated drug delivery to the brain.
Brain delivery of lipid nanoparticles with shuttle peptides.
Martinez-Martinez N, Carrera-Rodríguez L, Vargas R … +3 more , Hernández-Munain C, Suñé-Pou M, Suñé C
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252165 · Publisher ↗
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained growing attention as advanced drug delivery systems capable of addressing major challenges in the development of innovative therapies. They have been widely investigated to overcome...
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained growing attention as advanced drug delivery systems capable of addressing major challenges in the development of innovative therapies. They have been widely investigated to overcome the challenges of development delivery strategies for the Central Nervous System (CNS). Their small size, biomimetic lipid composition, and modifiable surface properties make them promising candidates for targeting the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), leading to improved therapeutic interventions. This chapter provides an integrative overview of the main classes of LNPs and their manufacturing methods, offering insights into their design, characterization, and optimization for brain delivery. We first discuss the key physicochemical parameters -particle size, polydispersity index, surface charge, shape, crystallinity, and encapsulation efficiency- and their impact on biodistribution, stability, and BBB penetration. Formulation and manufacturing strategies are examined, from conventional approaches to microfluidic mixing. Special attention is given to surface modification strategies, including ligand conjugation and the technological variables influencing receptor-specific transport that determine brain targeting. We place particular emphasis on brain-shuttle peptides, which constitute the most widely employed approach for functionalizing LNPs. Finally, we summarize representative preclinical studies, emerging clinical trials, and key translational challenges -such as neurotoxicity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and regulatory hurdles-, but also highlight the proved potential of LNPs to achieve successful clinical translation in other therapeutic areas. These advances provide valuable insights and technical precedents that may benefit the development of LNP-based therapeutics for CNS disorders, supporting future strategies targeting neurological and psychiatric disorders as well as brain tumors.
Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with peptides to cross the blood brain barrier: In vivo evaluation.
Isart B, Araya-Vergara AJ, Riveros A … +1 more , Kogan MJ
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252164 · Publisher ↗
General aspects of inorganic nanoparticles combined with peptide brain shuttles used as nanocarriers, theranostic - referred to as systems capable of providing diagnosis and therapy simultaneously-, and diagnostic agents...
General aspects of inorganic nanoparticles combined with peptide brain shuttles used as nanocarriers, theranostic - referred to as systems capable of providing diagnosis and therapy simultaneously-, and diagnostic agents for treating CNS-related disorders are reviewed. Furthermore, in vivo studies performed with the mentioned nanoplatforms to evaluate the crossing of the conjugates are discussed in detail.
Brain delivery of proteins with shuttle peptides.
Benítez-Troncoso A, Sánchez-Navarro M, Plaza-Garrido M
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252163 · Publisher ↗
Therapeutic proteins have emerged as potential candidates for the management of neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). However, their effective delivery to the CNS remains a major challen...
Therapeutic proteins have emerged as potential candidates for the management of neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). However, their effective delivery to the CNS remains a major challenge, primarily due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, several brain-targeted delivery strategies based on peptides have been developed. These peptides harness endogenous BBB transport pathways to enhance the delivery of therapeutic proteins to the CNS. In order to develop new potential protein-based therapeutic candidates, considerable efforts have focused on engineering fusion proteins that combine therapeutic efficacy with enhanced BBB permeability.
Chemically enhanced brain shuttle peptides.
Díaz-Perlas C
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252162 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a major impediment to central nervous system pharmacotherapy due to its highly selective permeability and enzymatic defense mechanisms. Brain shuttle peptides have emerged as a p...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a major impediment to central nervous system pharmacotherapy due to its highly selective permeability and enzymatic defense mechanisms. Brain shuttle peptides have emerged as a promising modality for overcoming this barrier, primarily via receptor-mediated transcytosis. To enhance their pharmacokinetic properties and transcytosis efficiency, several structural and chemical optimization strategies have been employed. Cyclization and retro-enantio modifications confer proteolytic resistance while preserving receptor affinity, as demonstrated by engineered peptides such as retro-D-THR, retro-D-T7, and BB4. Venom-derived scaffolds, including MiniAp-4 and MiniCTX3, further exemplify the potential of naturally occurring peptides for BBB penetration. Multivalent presentation, achieved through branched architectures or nanoparticle surface functionalization, significantly increases avidity and cellular uptake, thereby improving transcytosis. Dual-ligand systems, such as THR-TAT conjugates, have shown synergistic effects in glioma models, enhancing both BBB crossing and tumor targeting. While PEGylation is widely utilized in drug delivery to prolong circulation and reduce immunogenicity, its application in brain shuttle systems remains limited due to potential interference with receptor-mediated uptake. Collectively, these advances underscore the versatility of protease-resssistant brain shuttle peptides as targeted delivery vehicles for CNS therapeutics and provide a strong foundation for their translation into clinical applications.
Toward non-invasive CNS delivery: The emergence of brain shuttle peptides.
Sánchez-Navarro M, Oller-Salvia B
Adv Pharmacol · 2026 · PMID 42252161 · Publisher ↗
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized interface that preserves neural homeostasis but severely limits the entry of therapeutic agents, posing a major challenge for central nervous system (CNS) drug develo...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized interface that preserves neural homeostasis but severely limits the entry of therapeutic agents, posing a major challenge for central nervous system (CNS) drug development. While invasive approaches such as intracerebral injection and focused ultrasound can transiently bypass the barrier, their complexity and safety concerns restrict clinical applicability, particularly in chronic conditions. Non-invasive strategies that exploit endogenous transport mechanisms-carrier-mediated uptake, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT), and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT)-may offer a safer solution. Within this framework, brain shuttles have emerged as molecular vectors designed to cooperate with endothelial biology rather than disrupt it. These include antibodies, proteins, small molecules, and peptides, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Among them, peptides stand out for their versatility, manufacturability, and chemical tunability. Advances in solid-phase synthesis, non-natural modifications, and rational design have enabled peptides to achieve a balance between uptake efficiency and release beyond the endothelium. Their modular nature supports conjugation to diverse payloads, including small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles, while maintaining functional integrity. Peptide shuttles also offer broader receptor targeting and compatibility with multiple administration routes, positioning them as a cornerstone of future CNS delivery platforms. This chapter provides a mechanistic overview of the BBB, reviews invasive and non-invasive delivery strategies, and introduces the concept and evolution of brain shuttle peptides. It sets the stage for subsequent discussions on discovery methodologies, chemical optimization, validation models, and translational pathways, highlighting the promise of peptide-enabled systems to transform therapeutic access to the brain.
Preface.
Atayik MC, Çakatay U
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716943 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Next-gen senotherapeutics: AI/ML-driven strategies for aging and age-related disorders.
Javali PS, Kumar A, Sarkar S … +3 more , Sree Varshini R, Jose Mathew D, Thirumurugan K
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716942 · Publisher ↗
Senotherapeutics comprising senolytics and senostats/senomorphs of natural and synthetic origin are powerful pharmacological interventions to combat aging and age-related disorders (ARD): cancer, HIV, diabetes, and neuro...
Senotherapeutics comprising senolytics and senostats/senomorphs of natural and synthetic origin are powerful pharmacological interventions to combat aging and age-related disorders (ARD): cancer, HIV, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. STs are novel strategies in the geroscience arena selectively targeting senescent cells responsible for unhealthy aging and ARD. The absence of specific biomarkers, gaps in integrating molecular mechanisms, and inadequate therapeutic drugs hamper translating the results from bench to bedside. Current innovations suggested to advance the field include machine learning, omics-based approaches, nanocarriers, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles, CART cells, and monoclonal antibodies. This book chapter will focus on STs interrupting molecular pathways involving senescent cells, SASPs, and immune cells in preclinical and clinical settings. Also, the chapter will highlight applications of AI/ML/DL tools like Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, phenotypic screening, neural networks, and predictive modeling for discovering STs to expedite the translation of preclinical findings to clinical applications. Despite challenges to obtaining quality data and model interpretability, the future of ML in senotherapeutics holds great promise in promoting longevity.
Polypharmacy as a reason for misinterpreting laboratory results in the elderly.
İncir S, Bolayirli M
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716941 · Publisher ↗
Today, clinical biochemistry laboratories play increasingly significant roles in diagnosing patients, monitoring treatment responses, and making prognoses. Over the last 50 years, technological advances have greatly impa...
Today, clinical biochemistry laboratories play increasingly significant roles in diagnosing patients, monitoring treatment responses, and making prognoses. Over the last 50 years, technological advances have greatly impacted laboratory medicine. The analytical performance of autoanalyzers has reached higher levels through continuous improvement processes. Nonetheless, the preanalytical phase, the most important source of error in laboratory processes, considerably affects clinical laboratory test results. In the preanalytical phase, both controllable and uncontrollable variables influence laboratory test outcomes. Medications are among the controllable variables. Drugs can affect laboratory test results in a dose-dependent manner. Some of these effects may be classified as expected, while others are unexpected. Additionally, laboratory test results may be more misleading due to increased drug interactions in the geriatric population. Polypharmacy is a concerning issue for the elderly. Older individuals are at a higher risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) because of metabolic changes and reduced drug clearance associated with aging; this risk is further heightened by the rising number of prescribed medications. The use of multiple drugs increases the potential for drug-drug interactions. These interactions can lead to significant changes in laboratory parameters. Polypharmacy affects different organ systems to varying degrees, subsequently altering laboratory values. Managing laboratory abnormalities in polypharmacy requires a systematic approach grounded in a comprehensive medication history, chronological correlation, clinical judgment, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Senotherapeutic approach to age-related endocrine diseases.
Turgut Ş, Andican G
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716940 · Publisher ↗
Senescent cells progressively accumulate in the endocrine glands and their target tissue during the biological aging process. Senescence leads to hormonal imbalances contributing to various age-related endocrine diseases...
Senescent cells progressively accumulate in the endocrine glands and their target tissue during the biological aging process. Senescence leads to hormonal imbalances contributing to various age-related endocrine diseases (AREDs). Cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible cell-cycle arrest, becomes more prevalent in advanced age, and the senescent cells release pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, exacerbating endocrine dysregulation. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contributes to the pathogenesis of AREDs such as metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Impaired metabolism of melatonin, cortisol, insulin, growth, and thyroid hormones are all intimately linked to age-related hormonal imbalance and dysregulated circadian rhythms. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes are also known to be impacted by circadian oscillations, which can also impact the toxicity and effectiveness of several therapeutic agents. Diagnosing and monitoring AREDs requires an assessment of individual circadian oscillations, inappropriate polypharmacy, and the senotherapeutic benefits of routine medications in the elderly. Hormone-oriented senotherapeutic strategies combined with anti-inflammatory SASP-related treatments may alleviate the detrimental effects of ARED symptoms. However, the complexity of senotherapy and the risk of possible adverse effects necessitate personalized treatment approaches.
Polypharmacy-induced changes in the oral mucosa and jawbone in elderly.
Ozkeskin SZY, Erisildar K, Yaltirik M
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716939 · Publisher ↗
Polypharmacy is increasingly prevalent among the elderly due to the higher incidence of chronic diseases. The oral cavity undergoes age-related changes, including cellular aging and immunosenescence. Thus, susceptibility...
Polypharmacy is increasingly prevalent among the elderly due to the higher incidence of chronic diseases. The oral cavity undergoes age-related changes, including cellular aging and immunosenescence. Thus, susceptibility to oral discomfort increases in the elderly, and decreased salivary secretion, ulceration, burning sensations, and other oral symptoms can be seen. The oral mucosa is particularly vulnerable to conditions such as xerostomia, mucositis, and oral candidiasis, exacerbated by medications that impact salivary gland function and immune response. Key pharmacological agents implicated in these effects include antihypertensives, antidiabetics, bisphosphonates, and immunosuppressants. Although these medications are essential for the overall health of the patient, the long-term effects of polypharmacy on the oral cavity cannot be overlooked. Their impact on oral health necessitates careful consideration. A comprehensive understanding of oral changes is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of polypharmacy and improve oral health outcomes in the elderly. This chapter synthesizes existing research to identify causative agents and summarizes preventive measures, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies related to polypharmacy-induced oral mucosa and jawbone alterations. Furthermore, it outlines current research findings and provides recommendations for clinical practice, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing the oral health of elderly patients with complex medication regimens.
Oxygen-ozone adjunct therapy in aging and senescence-related disorders. State of art.
Chirumbolo S, Ricevuti G, Franzini M … +5 more , Vaiano F, Galoforo AC, Richelmi T, Tirelli U, Valdenassi L
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716938 · Publisher ↗
Ozone therapy presents as a promising yet controversial approach to anti-aging and health rejuvenation, due to an ongoing and crucially debated need for standardization about protocols, procedures, and dosages. While it...
Ozone therapy presents as a promising yet controversial approach to anti-aging and health rejuvenation, due to an ongoing and crucially debated need for standardization about protocols, procedures, and dosages. While it offers potential benefits in improving skin health, boosting energy levels, and reducing inflammation, its use must be carefully considered only by specialized, highly trained experts and professionals, due to potential risks related to malpractice and shallow or clumsy fashion trends. The ability of ozone to address senescent mechanisms and aging-related processes makes this adjunct therapy a promising approach for aging-related impairments, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular pathologies.
Geropharmacology and gastrointestinal surgery.
Orhan A, Demiryas S
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716937 · Publisher ↗
Operating on elderly patients has always been a risky task for surgeons. They are not only frail and susceptible to operative complications, but they also require meticulous preparation before their surgery to secure the...
Operating on elderly patients has always been a risky task for surgeons. They are not only frail and susceptible to operative complications, but they also require meticulous preparation before their surgery to secure the optimal result. Unfortunately, most of these patients have comorbidities which increase the challenge. Even though the medication they use is helpful to control their diseases, it can change the plan of the surgery and its outcome dramatically. Postoperative medications and treatment also have a unique importance; underestimating them may lead to catastrophic results. Restarting routine medications of patients with multiple comorbidities as quickly as we can when we perform a successful surgery is also crucially important to control the associated diseases. This chapter will focus on how senility influences our surgical practices; how pharmaceutical agents might affect the survivability of elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, and the potential roles of several senotherapeutics in gastrointestinal disorders.
Game changer: Navigating between challenges and hopes in geropharmacology.
Chen Q, Hartman R, Dankiv L … +3 more , Yan E, Young L, Barsotti R
Adv Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 40716936 · Publisher ↗
The aging population is expanding rapidly to reshape the social and economic structures. Aging signifies the close to the end of life and threatens health because it features unavoidable compression of body reserve and g...
The aging population is expanding rapidly to reshape the social and economic structures. Aging signifies the close to the end of life and threatens health because it features unavoidable compression of body reserve and gradual suppression of organ function. Tremendous research has established twelve essential aging hallmarks that shed light on mitigation frameworks. Interestingly, aging harbors inherent heterogeneity and plasticity, reflecting its multifaceted nature. Additionally, age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, often undergo the exact mechanisms with more devastating damage and speed. Therefore, interventions to promote healthy aging improve life quality and delay the disease's prevalence to later age. Clinical studies in humans have demonstrated the potential of several interventions, including lifestyle modifications, NAD supplementation, gut microbiota modulation, antidiabetic drugs (e.g., metformin), rapamycin, and senolytics, to mitigate the aging process and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Remarkably, clinical trials exhibit heterogeneity by showing substantial inter-individual differences in response to the interventions. It is often attributed to basal health status, tissue senescent burden, and immunity level. Continuous research would validate these correlations and solidify the personalized approaches. Lastly, generative artificial intelligence can pave a promising avenue to revolutionize anti-aging research and tailor aging management to promote healthy aging and extend health span.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe