Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 41116865
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an overview of the latest evidence-based treatment strategies for acute heart failure (HF), with a significant focus on recent clinical trials and their associated implications within clinic...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an overview of the latest evidence-based treatment strategies for acute heart failure (HF), with a significant focus on recent clinical trials and their associated implications within clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of urine sodium-guided decongestion, segmental nephron blockade, disease-modifying therapies, and the use of maintenance diuretics. These approaches have demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes, including better decongestion, reduced hospital admissions, and improved survival rates. SUMMARY: The findings suggest a multifaceted, evidence-based approach is necessary for the effective management of acute HF. Implementing urine sodium-guided decongestion and segmental nephron blockade can enhance diuretic efficiency while disease-modifying therapies improve long-term outcomes. Maintenance diuretics play a crucial role in preventing recurrent hospitalizations.
Meddeb M, Goldenberg JR, Jenkin SC
… +1 more, Hahn VS
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 41070244
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goals of this review are to summarize the current literature regarding metabolic abnormalities in heart failure and propose therapies that can induce metabolic reprogramming to benefit the diseased...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goals of this review are to summarize the current literature regarding metabolic abnormalities in heart failure and propose therapies that can induce metabolic reprogramming to benefit the diseased heart. RECENT FINDINGS: Analysis of cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolism in heart failure has revealed several abnormalities including lower PCr/ATP ratio (indicating diminished myocardial energy reserves), altered substrate utilization, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Several advances in both non-invasive and invasive methods to studying cardiac metabolism have allowed recent key contributions to the field. Promising therapeutic strategies include shifting towards increased utilization of ketones and fatty acids, targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and activation of genes that promote metabolic remodeling. Several current therapies lead to metabolic reprogramming, including both drug and device-based therapies such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). SUMMARY: Strategies to induce metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart need further study. Future research should address differences in metabolic abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF, methods to study metabolic responses to therapies, and impact of metabolic reprogramming on clinical outcomes in heart failure.
Moumneh MB, Jamil Y, Nanna MG
… +1 more, Damluji AA
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 Dec · PMID 40893483
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this work is to review the role of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) in contemporary coronary artery disease (CAD) management by focusing on its clinical indications and technical consideratio...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this work is to review the role of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) in contemporary coronary artery disease (CAD) management by focusing on its clinical indications and technical considerations, supported by updated insights from the International DCB Consensus Group. RECENT FINDINGS: While percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and drug-eluting stents were initially the standard treatment for CAD, limitations such in-stent stenosis, neoatherosclerosis, and increased bleeding led to the development of the novel DCBs. These DCBs have become well established in treating various clinical cases such as in-stent restenosis, de-novo small-vessel disease, bifurcation lesions, large-vessel disease, high bleeding risk, acute coronary syndromes, and diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY: For optimal DCB outcomes, functional assessments, careful lesion preparation, and patient selection are crucial for effective drug delivery and reduced complications. Ongoing innovations in drug formulations, balloon design, and delivery mechanisms, along with further trials, will expand DCBs' impact in CAD treatment.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40893482
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has emerged as a promising non-ionizing modality that leverages optical absorption contrast to provide both anatomical and functional insights into vascular health. This rev...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has emerged as a promising non-ionizing modality that leverages optical absorption contrast to provide both anatomical and functional insights into vascular health. This review examines recent advances in PAI technologies applied to the diagnosis, assessment, and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The goal is to evaluate how emerging PAI techniques address current diagnostic limitations and to identify opportunities for clinical integration. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of PAI to capture high-resolution, dynamic images of peripheral vasculature, quantify oxygen saturation and regional blood volume, and assess microvascular health. Technological innovations, including single-shot volumetric imaging, all-optical scanners, and multimodal systems, have expanded PAI's clinical utility. SUMMARY: Emerging PAI systems show promise for complementing traditional imaging by providing functional insights into microvascular health. Continued technological development and validation through large-scale studies are essential for establishing PAI's clinical role in PAD diagnosis and management.
Rizkallah D, Ammoury C, Haroun E
… +7 more, El Roumi J, Alencherry B, Miyasaka R, Krishnaswamy A, Kapadia S, Harb S, Kwon D
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40756319
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature on imaging predictors of response to transcatheter interventions for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent advanceme...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature on imaging predictors of response to transcatheter interventions for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent advancements in percutaneous valve therapies have broadened treatment options for high-risk patients with SMR. While recent studies have demonstrated significant reduction in all-cause mortality and hospitalizations with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER), significant controversy remains. This review highlights the central role of multi-modality imaging to guide therapeutic decision making for optimal treatment response and long-term outcomes. SUMMARY: Several echocardiographic, computerized tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters are central to identifying optimal conditions for transcatheter therapies. Imaging features have become key predictors of outcomes following transcatheter interventions for secondary mitral regurgitation and provide important risk stratification to guide therapeutic decision making and shared decision making.
Jiang Y, Wang J, Murthy RS
… +2 more, Patel P, Chen Z
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40727314
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide the most up-to-date clinical evidence of intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT), and clinical implications to guide future imaging research in cardiology. RECENT FINDINGS: Intracor...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide the most up-to-date clinical evidence of intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT), and clinical implications to guide future imaging research in cardiology. RECENT FINDINGS: Intracoronary OCT has demonstrated advanced system performance and high reproducibility in analyzing atherosclerotic lesions. It is an attractive tool due to its capability for functional classification and superior imaging resolution, enabling precise and reliable tissue assessments. Compared to traditional angiography, OCT has been associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes and serves as an effective tool for optimizing stent selection and post-intervention evaluation. The development of OCT variations and the combination of various intravascular imaging modalities further enhance its diagnostic capabilities, allowing a comprehensive assessment of complex vulnerable lesions and improving risk stratification for patients. SUMMARY: Current and evolving system development presents a hopeful path for treating coronary artery disease by addressing the challenges of the intracoronary OCT technique. Future studies focusing on utilizing OCT system extensions, integrated multimodality imaging systems, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) derived image analysis will improve clinical endpoints and streamline the process.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40709290
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment strategies in the neonatal period differ widely. Variations in what constitutes hemodynamic significance (hsPDA) and scarcity of high-quality data on long-term...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment strategies in the neonatal period differ widely. Variations in what constitutes hemodynamic significance (hsPDA) and scarcity of high-quality data on long-term outcomes has contributed to lack of standardization. Filling these knowledge gaps would impact clinical decision making. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent trials have not shown improvement in outcomes with early compared to expectant management. Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) has facilitated timely intervention with encouraging outcomes. Acetaminophen use is increasing even in infants < 24 weeks. Advancements in percutaneous transcatheter occlusion, characterization of the unique expression of genes and ion channels of the ductus arteriosus, and attention to nonpharmacologic strategies are essential advances in PDA management. SUMMARY: With increased utilization of TnECHO, clarification of the scope of transcatheter-based closures, further understanding of the genetic and molecular factors involved in ductal tone, and the appreciation of the off-target effects that medications and fluid balance can have on the DA, providing targeted, individualized PDA treatment is achievable. However, the development of innovative therapies to promote ductal closure is a necessity.
Wintruba KL, Wolf MJ, van Berlo JH
… +1 more, Saucerman JJ
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40693046
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores current advancements in drug discovery for promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and highlights key challenges in translating these findings to clinical applications. RECENT FINDIN...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores current advancements in drug discovery for promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and highlights key challenges in translating these findings to clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS: High-throughput screening platforms, including phenotypic assays using stem cell-derived or neonatal cardiomyocytes, have identified candidate compounds that modulate proliferative signaling pathways. Computational modeling and omics analysis have enabled mechanistic insights and supported the development of targeted drug discovery strategies. Emerging approaches are increasingly incorporating orthogonal screening and cross-species validation to improve translational potential. SUMMARY: While no therapy has yet fully translated beyond pre-clinical models, significant progress has been made in identifying candidate drugs that stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation in animal models. Translating these findings into effective therapies requires a rigorous foundation in basic research to clarify the molecular mechanisms of cardiac repair and guide drug development.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2024 Aug · PMID 40453755
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: 3D printing (3DP) technology has emerged as a valuable tool for surgeons and cardiovascular interventionalists in developing and tailoring patient-specific treatment strategies, especially in complex a...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: 3D printing (3DP) technology has emerged as a valuable tool for surgeons and cardiovascular interventionalists in developing and tailoring patient-specific treatment strategies, especially in complex and rare cases. This short review covers advances, primarily in the last three years, in the use of 3DP in the diagnosis and management of heart failure and related cardiovascular conditions. RECENT FINDINGS: Latest studies include utilization of 3DP in ventricular assist device placement, congenital heart disease identification and treatment, pre-operative planning and management in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, clinician as well as patient education, and benchtop mock circulatory loops. SUMMARY: Studies reported benefits for patients including significantly reduced operation time, potential for lower radiation exposure, shorter mechanical ventilation times, lower intraoperative blood loss, and less total hospitalization time, as a result of the use of 3DP. As 3DP technology continues to evolve, clinicians, basic science researchers, engineers, and regulatory authorities must collaborate closely to optimize the utilization of 3D printing technology in the diagnosis and management of heart failure.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40438121
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Paradigms surrounding congenital heart disease (CHD) etiology represent an evolving area of study. Traditionally, genetic causes of CHD have been classified into chromosomal abnormalities, copy number...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Paradigms surrounding congenital heart disease (CHD) etiology represent an evolving area of study. Traditionally, genetic causes of CHD have been classified into chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variation, and single-gene disorders, while environmental contributors include external and intrinsic maternal factors that impair cardiac development. Here, we summarize established causes of CHD and highlight emerging insights into CHD pathogenesis that may inform future treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered novel genetic etiologies underlying CHD including oligogenic inheritance and pathogenic noncoding variation. In addition, industrialization and transformation of society has introduced new environmental risk factors that may contribute to CHD. Further, mechanistic insight into both genetic and environmental factors underlying CHD has led to discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY: New methodologies have greatly improved our comprehension of the heterogeneous mechanisms underlying CHD, catalyzing the discovery of effective therapeutic strategies to reduce CHD incidence.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2024 Aug · PMID 40291164
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PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Many novel cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) techniques have been developed for diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of myocardial disease. The field is changing rapidly with advan...PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Many novel cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) techniques have been developed for diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of myocardial disease. The field is changing rapidly with advances in imaging technology. The purpose of this review is to give an update on next-generation cMR techniques with promising developments for clinical translation in the last two years, and to outline clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS: There has been increasing widespread clinical adoption of T1/T2 mapping into standard of care clinical practice. Development of auto segmentation has enabled clinical integration, with potential applications to minimize the use of contrast. Advances in diffusion tensor imaging, multiparametric mapping with cardiac MRI fingerprinting, automated quantitative perfusion mapping, metabolic imaging, elastography, and 4D flow are advancing the ability of cMR to provide further quantitative characterization to enable deep myocardial disease phenotyping. Together these advanced imaging features further augment the ability of cMR to contribute to novel disease characterization and may provide an important platform for personalized medicine. SUMMARY: Next-generation cMR techniques provide unique quantitative imaging features that can enable the identification of imaging biomarkers that may further refine disease classification and risk prediction. However, widespread clinical application continues to be limited by ground truth validation, reproducibility of the techniques across vendor platforms, increased scan time, and lack of widespread availability of advanced cardiac MRI physicists and expert readers. However, these techniques show great promise in minimizing the need for invasive testing, may elucidate novel pathophysiology, and may provide the ability for more accurate diagnosis of myocardial disease.
Wasserman AH, Abolibdeh B, Hamdan R
… +1 more, Hong CC
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 40224357
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, several pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we evaluate their potenti...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In recent years, several pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we evaluate their potential as biomarkers for the detection and monitoring of CVD, with a particular focus on pediatric heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Exosomes isolated from stem cell sources, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), benefit cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis in injured and diseased hearts. These exosomes carry a variety of cargo, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, the majority contain non-coding RNA molecules. SUMMARY: Review of the existing literature for several non-coding RNAs and their relationship to CVD suggests that exosomes containing microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as promising biomarkers for CVD due to their presence in circulation, ease of isolation, and therapeutic potential. These biomarkers are especially promising as screening and diagnostic tools for the early detection of pediatric and congenital heart disease.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2024 Aug · PMID 39777119
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The main objective of this review article is to discuss the prevalence, utilization, and outcomes associated with advanced heart failure therapies among patients with neuromuscular disorders. RECENT FI...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The main objective of this review article is to discuss the prevalence, utilization, and outcomes associated with advanced heart failure therapies among patients with neuromuscular disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Neuromuscular disorders often have multisystem involvement with a high prevalence of cardiovascular pathology. With the improvement in management of respiratory related complications, heart failure is now the leading cause of mortality in this patient population. Advanced heart failure therapies with durable left ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation have proven to be feasible and safe treatment options in selected patients. SUMMARY: Management of neuromuscular disease involves multidisciplinary team involvement given the systemic nature of the disease. Early recognition and close monitoring of these patients will allow for timely initiation of advanced heart failure therapies that can lead to successful outcomes.
Mewaldt C, Crawford E, Cluett J
… +4 more, Arvanitis LV, Kentoffio K, Secemsky EA, Krawisz AK
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 41852519
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides a practical, evidence-based summary of the physiology, major trial data and clinical role of renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: The cornerstone of...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides a practical, evidence-based summary of the physiology, major trial data and clinical role of renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: The cornerstone of hypertension therapy remains anti-hypertensive medications although this strategy has significant limitations with poor rates of blood pressure control for most patients. Renal denervation was designed to bypass concerns about medication adherence and provide an "always-on" treatment. Recent trial data and meta-analyses are presented demonstrating a modest, although heterogeneous, response to renal denervation which led to the treatment's recent FDA approval. Improvements in catheter design and renal artery treatment strategy may underlie the improved clinical response to denervation in more recent trials. SUMMARY: Hypertension centers involving multi-disciplinary care teams are equipped to provide patients with advanced diagnostic testing for secondary hypertension, comprehensive non-invasive management strategies and invasive renal denervation to address hypertension. Early referral for patients with uncontrolled hypertension can provide patients with nuanced conservative and interventional options which have the potential to improve hypertension related morbidity and mortality. Future studies are needed to identify which patients are most likely to respond to renal denervation.
Saef J, Scandinaro A, Montgomery R
… +13 more, Sundaravel S, Weinreb S, Dodeja A, Lal RA, Patsias I, Gosain P, Castro M, Joseph N, Martinez MV, Laczko C, Kefalas M, Vaikunth S, Roth TS
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 · PMID 41625679
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PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The need for treatments and specialists to manage complications that adults with congenital heart disease experience with heart failure is pressing. Research in this field is limited by small sampl...PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The need for treatments and specialists to manage complications that adults with congenital heart disease experience with heart failure is pressing. Research in this field is limited by small sample sizes with broad patient heterogeneity. RECENT FINDINGS: The mainstays of heart failure treatment include goal-directed medical therapies, electrophysiology interventions, mechanical circulatory support, and transplant. Although these therapies have been studied in the adult populations in the more traditional left-sided heart failure, data is limited in the use of these therapies in adults with congenital heart disease. SUMMARY: Collaborative guidance is needed to advance the management and care of the fast-growing population of adults with congenital heart disease.
Echefu G, Batalik L, Lukan A
… +4 more, Shah R, Nain P, Guha A, Brown SA
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2025 Dec · PMID 39610711
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A critical evaluation of contemporary literature regarding the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies in precision cardio-oncology care and survivorship, emphasizing innova...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A critical evaluation of contemporary literature regarding the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies in precision cardio-oncology care and survivorship, emphasizing innovative and groundbreaking endeavors. RECENT FINDINGS: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm models can automate the risk assessment process and augment current subjective clinical decision tools. AI, particularly machine learning (ML), can identify medically significant patterns in large data sets. Machine learning in cardio-oncology care has great potential in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and managing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. To this end, large-scale imaging data and clinical information are being leveraged in training efficient AI algorithms that may lead to effective clinical tools for caring for this vulnerable population. Telemedicine may benefit cardio-oncology patients by enhancing healthcare delivery through lowering costs, improving quality, and personalizing care. Similarly, the utilization of wearable biosensors and mobile health technology for remote monitoring holds the potential to improve cardio-oncology outcomes through early intervention and deeper clinical insight. Investigations are ongoing regarding the application of digital health tools such as telemedicine and remote monitoring devices in enhancing the functional status and recovery of cancer patients, particularly those with limited access to centralized services, by increasing physical activity levels and providing access to rehabilitation services. SUMMARY: In recent years, advances in cancer survival have increased the prevalence of patients experiencing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. Traditional cardio-oncology risk categorization largely relies on basic clinical features and physician assessment, necessitating advancements in machine learning to create objective prediction models using diverse data sources. Healthcare disparities may be perpetuated through AI algorithms in digital health technologies. In turn, this may have a detrimental effect on minority populations by limiting resource allocation. Several AI-powered innovative health tools could be leveraged to bridge the digital divide and improve access to equitable care.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2024 Jun · PMID 38993352
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to discuss myocardial recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to summarize the contemporary insights regarding heart failure with improved eje...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to discuss myocardial recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to summarize the contemporary insights regarding heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF). RECENT FINDINGS: Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 40%) with improved prognosis can be achieved in one out of three (10-40%) patients with HFrEF treated with guideline-directed medical therapy. Clinical predictors include non-ischemic etiology of HFrEF, less abnormal blood or imaging biomarkers, and lack of specific pathogenic genetic variants. However, a subset of patients may ultimately relapse, suggesting that many patients are merely in remission rather than having fully recovered. SUMMARY: Patients with HFimpEF have improved prognosis but nonetheless remain at risk of relapse and long-term adverse events. Future studies will hopefully chart the natural history of HFimpEF and identify clinical predictors such as blood or novel imaging biomarkers that distinguish subgroups of patients based on differential trajectory and prognosis.
Tertulien T, Bush K, Jackson LR
… +2 more, Essien UR, Eberly L
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2023 Dec · PMID 38873495
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sudden cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite having a disproportionate burden of sudden cardiac death (SCD), rates of primary and secondary prevention of SCD with impl...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sudden cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite having a disproportionate burden of sudden cardiac death (SCD), rates of primary and secondary prevention of SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy are lower among eligible racially minoritized patients. This review highlights the racial and ethnic disparities in ICD utilization, associated barriers to ICD care, and proposed interventions to improve equitable ICD uptake. RECENT FINDINGS: Racially minoritized populations are disproportionately eligible for ICD therapy but are less likely to see cardiac specialists, be counseled on ICD therapy, and ultimately undergo ICD implantation, fueling disparate outcomes. Racial disparities in ICD utilization are multifactorial, with contributions at the patient, provider, health system, and structural/societal level. SUMMARY: Racial and ethnic disparities have been demonstrated in preventing SCD with ICD use. Proposed strategies to mitigate these disparities must prioritize care delivery and access to care for racially minoritized patients, increase the diversification of clinical and implementation trial participants and the healthcare workforce, and center reparative justice frameworks to rectify a long history of racial injustice.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2024 Apr · PMID 41104347
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Contemporary ablation for complex arrhythmias raises several challenges for electroanatomic mapping. We examine how current and emerging systems may meet these challenges, and we outline major unmet ne...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Contemporary ablation for complex arrhythmias raises several challenges for electroanatomic mapping. We examine how current and emerging systems may meet these challenges, and we outline major unmet needs. RECENT FINDINGS: The latest versions of the 3 major systems (Carto, Ensite X, and Rhythmia) all construct near real-time maps of cardiac anatomy, which can be registered to tomographic images that integrate thousands of electrical points from high-resolution catheters to create activation maps, and display voltage, proprietary features, and ablation lesion locations. While these systems have improved procedural efficiency, it is less clear that they have improved ablation outcomes particularly for atrial fibrillation (AF), scar-related atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and fibrillation (VF). These remain urgent needs. SUMMARY: Cardiac electroanatomic mapping has reached a mature stage for supraventricular and many ventricular arrhythmias. Novel functional mapping systems have shown success in improving ablation outcomes for AF, VT, and VF in small patient series, but none in randomized trials of broad unselected patient cohorts.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med
· 2023 Aug · PMID 38292930
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is an increasing push for frailty assessment to become a routine part of the evaluation of potential candidates for advanced heart failure (AHF) therapies. The aim of this review is to highlight...PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is an increasing push for frailty assessment to become a routine part of the evaluation of potential candidates for advanced heart failure (AHF) therapies. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of frailty in the care of the AHF patient. RECENT FINDINGS: This review focuses on some of the available data for the assessment of frailty specifically in the AHF, durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and heart transplant (HT) patients, and explores some of the challenges in assessing frailty in these patient populations. SUMMARY: As the presence of frailty can significantly impact outcomes after HT and durable MCS implantation, there should be an increased recognition of this entity during routine evaluation and management of the AHF patient.