Occupational Therapy International[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Preparedness of the University of KwaZulu-Natal Occupational Therapy Students and Novice Occupational Therapists for Acute Mental Health Practice: A Qualitative Exploration of Lived Experiences.
Mkhize PZ, Mpanza DM, Naidoo D
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42394148 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy students and novice occupational therapists often face considerable challenges when entering acute mental health settings, particularly within South Africa's culturally diverse and resour...
BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy students and novice occupational therapists often face considerable challenges when entering acute mental health settings, particularly within South Africa's culturally diverse and resource-constrained contexts. This study explored the preparedness of University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) occupational therapy students and novice practitioners for acute mental health practice within KwaZulu-Natal's complex healthcare landscape. METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory design was used with purposive sampling to recruit 15 participants. Ten fourth-year students and five novice occupational therapists participated in focus group discussions and individual interviews. Data were analysed thematically to identify key patterns related to preparedness, challenges and experiential learning. FINDINGS: Three overarching themes emerged: (1) educational preparation gaps, (2) practice readiness challenges and (3) systemic and transition constraints. Participants demonstrated strong theoretical knowledge but reported limited practical readiness, particularly regarding culturally responsive care, emotional regulation and evidence-based intervention in acute settings. CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasise the need to strengthen occupational therapy education through earlier and more intensive acute mental health exposure, enhanced clinical supervision and greater emphasis on cultural competence and acute care interventions. Grounded in experiential learning theory (ELT), improved experiential learning opportunities may better prepare graduates for effective, contextually relevant practice in South Africa's acute mental health environments.
Occupational Therapy Group Interventions Within the Area of Time Use and Occupational Balance: A Scoping Review.
Lönn M, Westberg KH, Holst AC … +1 more , Erlandsson LK
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42357926 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Group interventions are one mode of delivery that supports individuals experiencing challenges related to time management and occupational imbalance in their recovery. However, research on available group i...
INTRODUCTION: Group interventions are one mode of delivery that supports individuals experiencing challenges related to time management and occupational imbalance in their recovery. However, research on available group interventions, their key components, and how to evaluate their potential effects on time use and occupational balance is scarce. AIMS/OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at contributing to the development of evidence-based occupational therapy interventions by describing research that evaluates group interventions for adults within the scope of time use and occupational balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using four databases. Records published between 2014 and 2024 were identified, and data from the identified group interventions were extracted and summarized. The outcomes and instruments in the different articles were categorized according to Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of patient outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-one articles describing 13 different group interventions were included. The most commonly addressed measures within the time use and occupational balance domain were value or satisfaction measures (for occupations), performance measures (including aspects such as activity level, performance, and competence), and occupational balance measures. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of consensus regarding outcome measures for occupational therapy group interventions highlights the need to clarify and relate key concepts within the domain of time use and occupational balance.
Occupational Formulation: A Scoping Review of Its Development and Use.
Mynard L, Fossey E, Pepin G … +1 more , Farnworth L
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42321960 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Occupational formulation offers a way to synthesise assessment information to understand a person's occupational participation and needs. Although increasingly recognised in professional guidelines, there h...
INTRODUCTION: Occupational formulation offers a way to synthesise assessment information to understand a person's occupational participation and needs. Although increasingly recognised in professional guidelines, there has been limited exploration of its development and application in occupational therapy. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Comprehensive searches were undertaken across five databases (AMED, CINAHL, Emcare, PsycInfo and Google Scholar), a global theses repository, and multiple grey literature sources. Inclusion criteria focused on English sources describing the use by occupational therapists of formulation or conceptualisation related to occupational concepts. One hundred and two eligible sources were identified, from which data were extracted, tabulated and synthesised narratively. RESULTS: The reviewed sources spanned 2002-2025, mainly originating from the United Kingdom and United States, and mental health settings. Sources included some evaluations and practice reflections but limited empirical research. Four strands of occupational formulation development were identified: formulation associated with the Model of Human Occupation, descriptions of the occupational therapy practice process, psychological formulation approaches and bespoke occupational approaches. Identified key features of occupational formulation were as follows: its grounding in occupational theory, inclusion within the practice process between assessment and goal development/therapy planning, collaborative emphasis, narrative approach, provision of a structure and being an ongoing process. Reported purposes included synthesising assessment findings, supporting reasoning, supporting shared understanding and therapy planning, enhancing communication and promoting an occupational focus. Benefits for the person, therapeutic relationship, occupational therapist and team were reported. DISCUSSION: Occupational formulation is both a process and a written product that can strengthen occupational therapy practice by linking theory to practice, enhancing reasoning and supporting collaborative care. Definitions are proposed to support consistent use in research and practice. CONCLUSION: Occupational formulation shows promise for enhancing occupational therapy practice. Further research should evaluate its effectiveness across diverse practice settings and populations.
Autistic Adult Online Interoception Feasibility Pilot Program.
Graziosi S, Oliver E, Arline V … +4 more , Mahler K, Ratcliff K, Pryor L, Hilton C
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42316545 · Full text
Interoception differences are known to co-occur with autism and result in difficulty recognizing and addressing internal signals, which can produce barriers to daily living and quality of life (QoL). Limited supportive s...
Interoception differences are known to co-occur with autism and result in difficulty recognizing and addressing internal signals, which can produce barriers to daily living and quality of life (QoL). Limited supportive services have addressed these needs in autistic adults, and occupational therapists are well prepared to provide interventions to address these challenges. The objectives of the study were to: (1) examine feasibility of an 8-week online interoception program for autistic adults and (2) examine quantitative changes after participation in the program. The program was adapted from the Interoception Curriculum for 10 autistic adults. Outcome measures included standardized questionnaires for interoception, anxiety, alexithymia, QoL, and self-designed questionnaires for program evaluations. Researchers were supported throughout the process by a paid autistic occupational therapist to guide development of the research question, methodology, and adaptation of support materials to incorporate lived experience and community engagement. Preintervention and postintervention scores were compared for interoceptive awareness, alexithymia, anxiety, and QoL, which showed insignificant improvements in all areas with a range of small to large effect sizes over the 8 weeks. Participants reported positive feelings about the program and would recommend it to others. Results support the feasibility of an online interoception program for autistic adults.
Critical Reflection on the Use in Canada of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement.
Rochette A
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42307074 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Through the teaching of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E), a number of repeated challenges were witnessed. The purpose was to critically reflect, through dialogue, on pote...
BACKGROUND: Through the teaching of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E), a number of repeated challenges were witnessed. The purpose was to critically reflect, through dialogue, on potential additions to align with societal evolution. PROCESS: The application of the CMOP-E was discussed with occupational therapy students for over more than 20 years of teaching at both the undergraduate level and the professional master's level in occupational therapy. Three key issues repeatedly emerged and triggered an in-depth reflection. The content of this reflection was discussed with a variety of senior academics holding expertise in the CMOP-E. KEY ISSUES: Arguments supporting the idea that it would be of value to make explicit the concept of "identity" within the spirituality dimension are proposed. The environment should be considered at three levels: micro, meso, and macro levels, and a reflection is presented on the space that should be allowed for "virtual" as another category of environment. Lastly, "relationships" should be explicitly considered as a domain of occupation and not as an affective state or the social environment. IMPLICATIONS: Making these three "additions" to the description of the model will help to clarify how the CMOP-E can be used in contemporary practice.
Exploring Challenges: A Qualitative Study on Occupational Therapy in Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Settings.
Nobakht Z, Ahmadi S, Ahadi M … +2 more , Mandani G, Eslampanah M
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42304651 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation and recovery of individuals facing acute psychiatric challenges. However, the practice within acute psychiatric inpatient settings is often fraug...
OBJECTIVE: Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation and recovery of individuals facing acute psychiatric challenges. However, the practice within acute psychiatric inpatient settings is often fraught with unique challenges that can hinder effective intervention. This qualitative study is aimed at exploring the multifaceted obstacles and challenges that occupational therapists encounter in these environments. METHOD: This study utilized a qualitative approach with conventional content analysis. A total of 14 participants were involved, comprising active and experienced therapists, individuals currently hospitalized in acute settings, and psychiatrists. After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, in-depth, unstructured interviews were conducted in accordance with the research objectives. Purposeful sampling and maximum diversity strategies were employed to select and invite participants, who subsequently underwent in-depth, semistructured interviews. The interviews were meticulously recorded and subsequently transcribed. The transcribed texts were subjected to analysis through the inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The challenges associated with implementing occupational therapy interventions in acute psychiatric inpatient settings were categorized into five main areas: patient engagement, therapist safety concerns, burnout and high work pressure, lack of standard facilities and space, and unawareness of the need for such interventions. DISCUSSION: Considering the various challenges faced by occupational therapists in acute psychiatric inpatient settings, a comprehensive and coordinated approach is essential. Issues such as patient engagement, therapist safety concerns, burnout and high work pressure, lack of standard facilities, and unawareness of the need for such interventions all impact the effectiveness of therapy. Ongoing training and education, coupled with supervision and mentorship, can empower therapists and promote self-care practices to mitigate burnout. Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, conducting regular meetings to discuss patient progress, and ensuring role clarity among team members are essential to facilitate comprehensive care. Providing adequate facilities and resources, ensuring safe working conditions, and raising awareness about the importance of occupational therapy are crucial.
Enhancing Executive Function in Adolescents With ADHD: Preliminary Findings From a Multicomponent Intervention.
Pavlou Papagianni E, Theodorou E
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42271555 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with executive function difficulties, which compromise academic performance, daily functioning, and adaptive behaviors. Occupationa...
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with executive function difficulties, which compromise academic performance, daily functioning, and adaptive behaviors. Occupational therapy is aimed at improving EF and occupation and participation impairments. This study presents preliminary findings on the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention protocol designed to enhance cognitive abilities in adolescents with ADHD. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with one-group, pretest-posttest, was used to evaluate the impact of the MOTI, which included computer-based cognitive training, academic skills training, and complementary but not mandatory a parents' psychoeducation group. Fifty-four adolescents aged 13-18 participated. Preintervention and postintervention assessments measured cognitive abilities and mental health indicators. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in working memory (digit span, CAB), mental flexibility (Trail Making B), and processing speed (Trail Making A). Omissions on the continuous attention test decreased (p = 0.046), and students self-reported better planning and organizing skills (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence supports the effectiveness of the multicomponent intervention protocol (MOTI) in improving executive functions in adolescents aged 12-18 with ADHD. Initial analyses of the cognitive and academic skills training component reveal positive outcomes in targeted executive functions, reinforcing this multicomponent intervention as a valuable occupational therapy approach for this population.
Rewiring the Senses: The Impact of Sensory Integration Therapy on Balance and Cognition in Cerebral Palsy.
Yılmaz H, Badıllı Hantal FŞ
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42267458 · Full text
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory integration therapy on balance, functional independence, functional mobility, sensory processing, and cognitive function in children with cerebral pals...
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory integration therapy on balance, functional independence, functional mobility, sensory processing, and cognitive function in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Twenty-two children with cerebral palsy attending a rehabilitation center participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the study group (two females, nine males; 7.3 ± 1.7 years) and the control group (four females, seven males; 8.3 ± 1.4 years). Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Balance was assessed with the Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, functional mobility with the Timed Up and Go Test, functional independence with WeeFIM, sensory processing with the Sensory Profile, and cognitive function with Dynamic Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Children (DOTCA-Ch). Both groups received balance and coordination exercises (1 session/week, 45 minutes), while the study group additionally received individualized sensory integration therapy (1 session/week, 45 min) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvement in all measured variables after the intervention. Although both groups demonstrated improvements in Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test scores following the intervention, no statistically significant between-group differences were observed (p > 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between groups in WeeFIM, DOTCA-Ch, and specific subscales of the Sensory Profile (sensory seeking, emotional response, inattention, sensory sensitivity, and perceptual fine motor domains). CONCLUSION: Consistent with the hypothesis, sensory integration therapy combined with balance and coordination exercises was associated with improvements in balance, functional mobility, independence, sensory processing, and cognitive function in children with cerebral palsy. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because formal group × time interaction analyses were not performed.
Predictors of Return to Driving in Patients With Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
Hwang S, Song CS
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42265885 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to comprehensively synthesise evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of driving rehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and identify and analyse key predictors of successf...
OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to comprehensively synthesise evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of driving rehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) and identify and analyse key predictors of successful return-to-driving. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and ProQuest. Eleven studies (four randomised controlled trials and seven cross-sectional studies) were included in the final analysis. Reporting completeness and methodological quality were assessed using PRISMA checklists. A random-effects model was used to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). MAIN FINDINGS: A qualitative analysis of cross-sectional studies identified cognitive processing speed, reaction time and functional independence as frequently reported predictors of returning to driving, with a pooled meta-analysis further highlighting lower initial injury severity (higher GCS scores) as a significant predictor of returning to driving. The meta-analysis revealed that simulator- and VR-based training significantly reduced driving errors (SMD = -1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.75 to -0.64; p < 0.0001). The intervention significantly increased the likelihood of passing the on-road driving test by approximately 3.37 times (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.36-8.35). CONCLUSION: The results of this review suggest that simulator-based interventions may positively impact driving performance and current cognitive and functional activities, as well as psychological self-efficacy, and facilitat a successful return to driving in patients with ABI. These findings provide a baseline for developing clinical guidelines for the safe resumption of driving.
Fundamental Motor Skills in Children With Specific Learning Disorder.
Sung MC, Pan CY, Chen WF … +3 more , Tsai CL, Lu TY, Huang CY
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42252901 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study investigated fundamental motor skills in children with specific learning disorder (SLD) compared with their typically developing (TD) peers, focusing on individual skill mastery and per...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study investigated fundamental motor skills in children with specific learning disorder (SLD) compared with their typically developing (TD) peers, focusing on individual skill mastery and performance patterns across diagnostic subtypes. METHODS: A total of 90 children (45 SLD and 45 TD) aged 8-11 years participated. Fundamental motor skills were assessed using the process-oriented Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). RESULTS: Results demonstrated that children with SLD exhibited significantly lower motor skills proficiency than TD peers, with significantly lower scores found across most locomotor (running, galloping, hopping, jumping, and sliding) and object control (batting, catching, throwing, and rolling) skills. The SLD group was significantly less likely to demonstrate mature movement patterns in 9 out of 12 skills, and the majority of children with SLD were categorized in the "Poor" or "Below average" performance ranges, underscoring a critical qualitative deficit in motor execution. However, no significant differences in gross motor performance were observed among the SLD subtypes (dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysorthographia, and mixed). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight a pervasive fundamental motor skills deficit that warrants routine motor assessment for children with SLD to inform targeted, process-oriented interventions aimed at mitigating long-term developmental risks.
Examination of the Reliability and Responsiveness of a Japanese Version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children: Toward Application in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder.
Nakashima A, Murata M, Makiyama H … +4 more , Fukuda K, Kawaguchi K, Higashi T, Iwanaga R
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42227595 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by impaired motor coordination despite the absence of an underlying neurological condition affecting movement (e.g., cerebral...
OBJECTIVE: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by impaired motor coordination despite the absence of an underlying neurological condition affecting movement (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and degenerative disorder). Motor imagery training (MIT) has recently gained attention as a rehabilitation approach for children with DCD. Effective implementation of MIT requires accurate assessment of motor imagery (MI) abilities; however, no comprehensive evaluation tool for children exists in Japan. This study is aimed at developing a Japanese version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children (MIQ-C) and examining its reliability and responsiveness. METHODS: Thirty-three children (18 males and 15 females; mean age 10 ± 0.9 years) participated. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest and interrater reliability were examined using intraclass correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was evaluated by examining changes in MIQ-C scores before and after training tasks. RESULTS: The Japanese version of the MIQ-C demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.82). Test-retest and interrater reliability showed moderate to strong agreement. No significant changes were observed in response to specific tasks, supporting appropriate responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of the MIQ-C is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing MI abilities in Japanese children, providing a useful tool to support the implementation of MIT in clinical and educational settings.
Outcome Measures of Fatigue in Adults With Cancer Receiving Radiation Therapy: A Scoping Review.
Apostol C, Hitch D
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42226073 · Full text
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating symptom experienced by many people undergoing radiation therapy, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. Occupational therapists play a vital role in...
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating symptom experienced by many people undergoing radiation therapy, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life. Occupational therapists play a vital role in managing CRF, yet the lack of standardised outcome measures tailored to occupational therapy practice hinders effective assessment and intervention. This scoping review is aimed at identifying and mapping validated fatigue outcome measures suitable for outpatient radiotherapy settings and discussing their relevance to occupational therapy. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed, identifying 445 records. After screening, 12 studies published between 2010 and 2022 from seven countries were included. Breast, head and neck and prostate cancers were commonly studied, most often using prospective cohort designs. Most studies used multidimensional, self-reported outcome measures, administered at multiple times throughout radiotherapy and at follow-up. While these measures assessed physical, emotional and cognitive fatigue, few addressed activity or participation in daily life. The findings highlight a gap in outcome measures that comprehensively evaluate activity and participation. This gap limits their utility in tailoring interventions or demonstrating the impact of occupational therapy. This review underscores the need for developing or adapting CRF outcome measures that better align with occupational therapy goals to enhance clinical decision-making and research in outpatient radiotherapy settings.
Exploring Competencies That Prepare Occupational Therapy Students for Acute Mental Health Practice: A Document Analysis.
Mkhize PZ, Mpanza DM, Naidoo D
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42186372 · Full text
Occupational therapy graduates in South Africa are increasingly required to practice in acute mental health settings, yet the extent to which current curricula prepare them adequately remains underexplored. This study ex...
Occupational therapy graduates in South Africa are increasingly required to practice in acute mental health settings, yet the extent to which current curricula prepare them adequately remains underexplored. This study examined the competencies required for acute mental health occupational therapy practice through a comparative document analysis of four national and international frameworks: the WFOT Minimum Standards (2016), HPCSA Minimum Standards (2024), WHO Recommendations for Occupational Therapy Practice in Mental Health (2024), and WHO mhGAP Intervention Guide (2016), mapped against the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) exit-level outcomes (2024). Seven core competency domains were identified across the frameworks. The UKZN outcomes demonstrated strong alignment in cultural competence and interdisciplinary collaboration, partial alignment in recovery-oriented practice, assessment skills, therapeutic use of self, and professional resilience, and confirmed gaps in condition-specific knowledge, risk assessment, trauma-informed care, crisis intervention, and transition planning. These findings demonstrate that acute mental health competency preparation cannot be achieved through alignment with any single regulatory document, including the HPCSA framework. This therefore calls for both urgent curriculum reform and strengthening of accreditation standards across all South African occupational therapy programs.
Expert Consensus on Components of an Evidence-Based Framework to Facilitate Self-Employment for Persons With Disabilities: A Delphi Study.
Monareng LL, Soeker SM, Naidoo D
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42166357 · Full text
BACKGROUND: In light of the global unemployment crisis, there is a need for research on nonconventional work, including self-employment, an alternative placement option for persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objec...
BACKGROUND: In light of the global unemployment crisis, there is a need for research on nonconventional work, including self-employment, an alternative placement option for persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to establish consensus on the components of an evidence-based framework to facilitate self-employment for persons with disabilities. METHODS: End users, service providers and policy actors participated in this Delphi study. Relevant data was collected online and analysed thematically, descriptively and using frequencies. RESULTS: The response rates were n = 19/21 (91%) in Round 1, n = 16/19 (84%) in Round 2 and n = 15/16 (94%) in Round 3. The main findings of Round 1, through an open-ended question, were (i) an ideal tool, considerations and interventions related to entrepreneurial skills for persons with disabilities and (ii) expected roles and capacities of persons with disabilities. Through the 5-point Likert scale evaluations in Round 2, the participants identified critical components of the framework, including (i) key features, (ii) legislation that informs disability rights, (iii) involved key role players, (iv) characteristics, roles and duties of persons with disabilities and (v) the ideal tool's facilitation steps. In the final round, the participants agreed on the content of the framework's user's guide document to include the following: (i) purpose of the tool, (ii) background of the tool, (iii) how to use the tool and (iv) tool supporting resources. CONCLUSION: Consensus on the components of a framework was achieved; experts regarded the framework as being nonprescriptive, prioritising practicality, accessibility and sustainability within and beyond the South African context. Participants proposed measures like a user's guide to support framework operationalisation.
Participation Education Intervention for People With SCI From LMIC: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.
Abumostafa MK, Plastow NA, Savin-Baden M
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42165224 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with inequality-related participation restrictions. Participation education has been proposed as an intervention to promote participation in daily occupations. This pi...
INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with inequality-related participation restrictions. Participation education has been proposed as an intervention to promote participation in daily occupations. This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) evaluates the feasibility and minimal effect of the SADL-eM, a participation educational intervention, on the participation of people with spinal cord injury (PW-SCI) in daily occupations. METHODS: A two-arm pilot RCT included 32 PW-SCI from three inpatient rehabilitation settings in the Gaza Strip aged 18-65 years. Eligible cases were randomized equally into two groups. Both groups received standard care. The intervention group also used the SADL-eM during occupational therapy sessions. Participation and adherence were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. The Arabic version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure-Self Reported (SCIM-SR-Ar) was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Demographic and injury characteristics were homogenous at baseline (p > 0.05). There was no difference between groups at baseline (p < 0.05). Comparing intervention to standard care, the SADL-eM was insignificant after 6 weeks of intervention (p > 0.05) while the inpatient rehabilitation improved participation in daily occupations (16.06%-17.00%) in the total sample (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was an improvement in all outcome measures used; however, the SADL-eM did not reach significance. The intended RCT has major barriers, for example, a low recruitment rate. Community settings can be unique for such an RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04735887.
Occupational Therapy Neurorehabilitation Practice in Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Scoping Review.
Bin-Juwayr AAA, Wesson J, Cusick A
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42163059 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to map published research evidence about occupational therapy (OT) neurorehabilitation practice in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region. A secondary aim was to identify what, if...
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to map published research evidence about occupational therapy (OT) neurorehabilitation practice in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region. A secondary aim was to identify what, if any, functional cognition assessments were used by occupational therapists (OTs). METHODS: Following JBI scoping review guidelines, a structured search was conducted across five databases: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, concluding in July 2025. Citation chaining expanded the search. Screening and data extraction were managed using Covidence. Descriptive tables and narrative synthesis summarised findings. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most (71.6%) were published in the last decade, mostly in high-ranking journals. Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia accounted for 80.5% of studies, and OTs were first or last authors in 47.7%. Services were mainly hospital based (inpatient 47.7%, outpatient 46%), with 59.7% involving multidisciplinary teams. Stroke dominated diagnoses (64.8%), whereas dementia was the least (1.3%). Intervention effectiveness was addressed in 35.8% of studies, including 16.4% randomised controlled trials. Home visits were rarely used. Sixty-nine standardised assessments were reported, most commonly FIM, FM-UE, BI, COPM, MMSE, MoCA and LOTCA. No home safety assessments were identified. Only two functional cognition tools were identified, with limited evidence of translation or cultural adaptation. Narrative synthesis revealed that OT neurorehabilitation research in MENA is growing. This aligns with the expansion of WFOT-accredited OT programmes in MENA, which has increased research output from university-affiliated OTs. CONCLUSION: This study revealed an emerging and rapidly expanding evidence base about OT neurorehabilitation in MENA. It highlights the need for more research about OT for conditions other than stroke. It shows that most research evidence is generated by university-affiliated OTs, and more practitioner and practice research could be done, for example, home visits. Research about functional cognition is limited, and further investigation about awareness and use is needed.
Application of VR360 for Clinical Reasoning Development in Occupational Therapy Students in Handling Complex Behavioural Symptoms in Individuals With Dementia.
Lai FH, Yip BC, Hai EY … +1 more , Man DW
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42153966 · Full text
Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) demands advanced clinical reasoning, yet traditional teaching often falls short. Virtual Reality 360° (VR360) technology offers immersive learning that m...
Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) demands advanced clinical reasoning, yet traditional teaching often falls short. Virtual Reality 360° (VR360) technology offers immersive learning that may strengthen competence in dementia care. This study explored whether occupational therapy (OT) students' reasoning improved after a VR360 module addressing BPSD such as hoarding, wandering, low mood and daily living challenges. Sixty students (35 female, 25 male; undergraduate and postgraduate) participated. Using a mixed-methods, single-group pre-post design, students completed the Clinical Reasoning Assessment Tool before and after four VR360 scenarios. Large improvements emerged across domains: content (d = 1.94), procedural (d = 2.11) and conceptual (d = 2.08). Qualitative themes highlighted confidence, cue recognition, empathy and personalised care. Findings suggest VR360 is feasible and effective for OT education.
Occupational Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Jeon SH, Hyun SE, Lee CH … +1 more , Yang YA
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42145065 · Full text
IMPORTANCE: Determining whether individualized occupational therapy (OT) can be feasibly and safely provided to intensive care unit (ICU) patients is essential. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the feas...
IMPORTANCE: Determining whether individualized occupational therapy (OT) can be feasibly and safely provided to intensive care unit (ICU) patients is essential. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and safety of providing individualized OT programs in the ICU based on functional assessment outcomes. DESIGN: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The study was conducted in the ICU of a tertiary university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients referred for ICU rehabilitation who met predefined ICU OT inclusion and exclusion criteria and initiated ICU OT between February 2021 and December 2023 were included. INTERVENTION: Based on functional evaluation, each patient's individualized OT program was classified into cognitive training, functional and activities of daily living (ADLs) training, or a combination of cognitive training and functional and ADL training. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Feasibility was assessed based on eligibility, initiation and interruption rates, time to OT initiation, missed or deferred sessions, and adherence to the intervention framework. Safety was evaluated by whether OT sessions were discontinued or prescriptions were terminated owing to adverse events based on predefined criteria during OT delivery. RESULTS: Among 828 patients referred for ICU rehabilitation, 184 (22%) met eligibility criteria, and 158 patients initiated the ICU OT program. Among these, 55 patients (34.8%) completed all prescribed OT sessions, whereas 103 (65.2%) did not, yielding a program interruption rate of 65.2%. The median time from OT prescription to the first session was 1 day. No sessions were canceled owing to patient refusal, and only one session (0.15%) was deferred because of agitation. Only one adverse event (hypotension) occurred during OT delivery. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Individualized ICU OT can be feasible and safe to be implemented for ICU patients who meet predefined eligibility criteria when interventions are guided by structured functional assessments and clearly defined criteria for treatment discontinuation or termination.
Experiences of People With Long COVID Accessing Rehabilitation Services: A Qualitative Study.
St-Jean D, Haynes S, Ficara V … +6 more , Streib A, Ouédraogo F, Spiridigliozzi AM, Minichiello R, Ehrmann Feldman D, Mazer B
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42144858 · Full text
PURPOSE: Long COVID is associated with a range of physical, cognitive, and/or psychological symptoms that significantly affect daily functioning. These individuals require rehabilitation services to address their limitat...
PURPOSE: Long COVID is associated with a range of physical, cognitive, and/or psychological symptoms that significantly affect daily functioning. These individuals require rehabilitation services to address their limitations. This study explored the experiences of people with long COVID regarding access to and receipt of rehabilitation services. METHODS: This qualitative study recruited 12 individuals with long COVID from a population-based survey among the population of Laval (Quebec). Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis. Relevant elements were extracted, coded, and organized into themes/subthemes. RESULTS: Twelve participants (seven females; five males) participated in the study. We identified three main themes, each with subthemes: (1) impact of long COVID on personal and professional life (e.g., professional life, leisure activities, and social life); (2) rehabilitation services (access barriers, perceptions of services received); and (3) psychosocial support (lack or presence of support). Access to rehabilitation services was hampered by several barriers: difficulties obtaining referrals, financial constraints, lack of awareness among health professionals, and service shortages. Participants who accessed rehabilitation services reported satisfaction with care they received and appreciated the multidisciplinary approach. CONCLUSIONS: Improving access to rehabilitation services for people with long COVID is essential to support their recovery, as timely and coordinated rehabilitation can facilitate reintegration into daily activities and reduce functional limitations. Strategies to enhance access include increasing health professional awareness, reducing financial and logistical barriers, and expanding service availability.
Transferring Occupational Therapy Knowledge to Village Health Volunteers to Enhance Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults in Community-Based Elder Care: A Qualitative Study.
Punyakaew A, Lersilp S, Chaimaha N … +2 more , Panyo K, Putthinoi S
Occup Ther Int · 2026 · PMID 42126011 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Thailand's rapidly aging population highlights the urgent need for sustainable strategies to support older adults' independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). Occupational therapists (OTs) play a vit...
INTRODUCTION: Thailand's rapidly aging population highlights the urgent need for sustainable strategies to support older adults' independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). Occupational therapists (OTs) play a vital role; however, their limited availability restricts community-based service delivery. Village Health Volunteers (VHVs), embedded within local communities, provide ongoing support but lack structured guidance in ADL-focused care. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at developing occupational therapy-informed practice guidelines that translate professional expertise into culturally relevant recommendations for community-based eldercare. METHODS: A qualitative design using semistructured interviews was employed with 10 OTs in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Participants were recruited through stratified and purposive sampling across urban, semiurban, and suburban settings. The inclusion criteria required a minimum of 5 years of clinical experience with older adults and direct involvement in ADL training. Data were collected between April and June 2024, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Guiding questions were interpreted using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 4th Edition (OTPF-4), while additional inquiry explored broader community and cultural themes. Credibility was ensured through rapport building, audio recording, and member checking. RESULTS: OTs recommended adaptive techniques, environmental modifications, caregiver education, and assistive device integration. Culturally adapted solutions, such as Thai garments, bamboo ramps, and gradual modification of bathing practices, were emphasized to enhance acceptance and sustainability. CONCLUSION: This study provides structured, occupational therapy-informed guidelines to support ADLs among community-dwelling Thai older adults. Empowering VHVs through these recommendations may strengthen community-based eldercare, reduce caregiver burden, and promote active, dignified aging in place.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe