Research In Veterinary Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evaluating detection of Histophilus somni immunoglobulin-binding protein A DR2 Fic: A species-specific gene target for recombinase polymerase amplification relative to long-read sequencing of respiratory samples from feedlot calves.
Funk T, Zaheer R, Wobeser B … +6 more , Conrad C, McLeod L, Gow S, Otto SJG, Waldner CL, McAllister T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42398436 · Publisher ↗
Histophilosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality as well as antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle across North America. Detection of Histophilus somni by culture is challenging, and there is no standardized t...
Histophilosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality as well as antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle across North America. Detection of Histophilus somni by culture is challenging, and there is no standardized tool for distinguishing isolates that carry virulence factors most likely to contribute to disease. The DR2 repeat of H. somni-associated virulence factor 'immunoglobulin-binding protein A' (ibpA DR2) harbors a Fic domain that mediates host cell cytotoxicity and is essential for histophilosis. For rapid detection of ibpA DR2 in extracted DNA, we developed a real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay with a runtime of 24 min at 39 °C. DNA from H. somni-RPA-positive respiratory swabs (n = 73) was screened for ibpA DR2 using the novel RPA assay and long-read metagenomic sequencing, as well as nanopore whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of H. somni isolated from the same samples. IbpA DR2 was identified in 71% and 70% of tested samples using RPA and WGS, respectively, and in ≤41% of samples using metagenomic sequencing. The likelihood of detection by RPA did not differ (OR 1.1, 95% CI (0.42, 2.9), P > 0.99) from WGS; however, agreement between these assays was only fair (κ = 0.31). Conversely, RPA (OR 3.4, 95% CI (1.6, 8.2)) and WGS (OR 8.0, 95% CI (2.4, 42)) were more likely (P < 0.001) to detect ibpA DR2 than metagenomic sequencing, likely reflecting limited coverage of H. somni by metagenomics. This study demonstrated that RPA and long-read WGS detected ibpA DR2 with similar frequencies in extracted DNA and H. somni isolates, respectively. Further testing of non-target isolates confirmed the analytical specificity of ibpA DR2 to H. somni. Further investigation of the diagnostic validity for RPA-based ibpA DR2 detection is required in a larger cohort of field samples, as a rapid screening tool for H. somni most likely to contribute to disease.
Evaluation of bacterial adsorption by ultrapure microporous carbon spheres in dairy cattle: From an in vitro adsorption assay to culture-based assessment of postpartum uterine bacteria.
Cenci-Goga BT, Corte Pause F, Urli S … +5 more , Misuraca M, Monaci M, Di Renzo GC, Crociati M, Stradaioli G
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42385649 · Publisher ↗
The study evaluated the bacterial adsorption capacity of microporous carbon spheres (Carb) against E. coli suspension, and their potential to modulate culture-based uterine bacterial populations in postpartum dairy cows....
The study evaluated the bacterial adsorption capacity of microporous carbon spheres (Carb) against E. coli suspension, and their potential to modulate culture-based uterine bacterial populations in postpartum dairy cows. In vitro, Carb reduced by 1-log the recoverable bacteria in the suspension. Dairy cattle were enrolled after calving and assigned to Carb or Control (Ctrl) group. A subset (Carb = 17; Ctrl = 20) was submitted to uterine flush at 14 and 28 days after calving (T14 and T28), for standard microbiology analysis. Three animals received antibiotic due to metritis (1 in Ctrl and 2 in Carb group). No significant difference was found in bacteria frequencies, logCFU counts, or vaginal discharge score (VD) at T14 and T28. A tendency towards lower mesophilic bacterial counts was observed in Carb cows at T14 (P = 0.085). Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression revealed no effect of treatment, VD score or antibiotic administration on calving-to-conception interval (CCI). Likewise, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no differences in fertility outcomes between groups. Although the adsorption capacity demonstrated in vitro did not translate into measurable microbiological or clinical effects in vivo, no detrimental effects on uterine health, fertility, or incidence of puerperal metritis were observed. These findings indicate that the activated carbon matrix was safe under the conditions tested, but insufficient to meaningfully modulate postpartum uterine bacterial populations. Future studies should focus on optimizing adsorption-based approaches for uterine health management in dairy cattle.
Diagnostic criteria for equine thoracolumbar myofascial pain syndrome: A foundational study.
Resano-Zuazu M, Carmona JU, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C … +1 more , Argüelles D
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42372589 · Publisher ↗
Diagnostic criteria for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) are well established in humans but remain underexplored in horses. This study aimed to identify which MPS clinical signs were present in the equine thoracolumbar reg...
Diagnostic criteria for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) are well established in humans but remain underexplored in horses. This study aimed to identify which MPS clinical signs were present in the equine thoracolumbar region, assess internal coherence among clinical indicators, and explore the diagnostic relevance of owner-reported behavioural, signalment, management, and clinical variables. A population of 120 horses underwent a static physical assessment of the thoracolumbar region. Owner-reported horse behaviours were collected through a questionnaire. Taut band, hypersensitive spot, local twitch response (LTR), jump sign, restricted range of motion (ROM), pain score (0-5), and global ROM score (0-4) were assessed by manual palpation. Machine-learning (ML) regression models were used to examine multivariate predictive patterns. A taut band and a hypersensitive spot were present in all horses, whereas an LTR was absent. The jump sign was identified in 71.7% and restricted ROM in 69.2% of horses. The median pain score was 4 (IQR 3-4, range 2-5). Jump sign correlated with pain score (ρ = 0.814, p < 0.001), and restricted ROM correlated with global ROM score (ρ = 0.749, p < 0.001). Owner-reported behaviours had a weak relationship with pain on palpation (ρ = 0.218, p = 0.017). Stabled horses had higher pain scores (p = 0.044) and greater ROM restriction (p = 0.013) than horses kept outdoors. Machine learning identified the jump sign as the dominant pain predictor (>90% importance) and a robust clinical marker. Taut band, hypersensitive spot, and jump sign emerged as key clinical findings associated with equine thoracolumbar MPS, providing novel insights into the clinical variables characterising this condition in horses.
Exploring the prognostic implications of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in canine nodal lymphoma: Insights from surface membrane expression, transcript amount and plasmatic levels.
Ubiali A, Cesar Conti L, De Maria R … +8 more , Dall'Ara PEM, Marconato L, Ferrari R, Stefanello D, Amati M, Aresu L, Riondato F, Martini V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42365729 · Publisher ↗
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune-checkpoint molecule involved in tumor-induced immunotolerance. While few studies explored its role in canine B-cell lymphoma (BCL), comprehensive analysis across lymphoma im...
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune-checkpoint molecule involved in tumor-induced immunotolerance. While few studies explored its role in canine B-cell lymphoma (BCL), comprehensive analysis across lymphoma immunophenotypes remains limited. This study investigated associations between time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) with PD-L1 expression, including surface membrane protein (mPD-L1), mRNA levels in nodal aspirates, and soluble protein (sPD-L1) plasmatic concentrations, in dogs with different nodal lymphoma immunophenotypes at initial presentation. Fifty-eight cases were evaluated: 38 BCL, 11 T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (T-NOS), and 9 T-zone lymphomas (TZL). No significant association was found between mPD-L1 expression, mRNA level, sPD-L1 concentration, and TTP or LSS. Although not significant, median TTP was longer in mPD-L1 negative cases in both BCL (306, 95%C.I. 130-482 vs. 136, 95%C.I. 102-170 days) and T-NOS (228, 95%C.I. 40-416 vs. 48, 95%C.I. 0-168 days). The same was true for LSS (273, 95%C.I. 58-386 vs. 191, 95%C.I. 23-236 days for BCL, and 282, 95%C.I. 60-504 vs. 121, 95%C.I. 77-165 days for T-NOS). Notably, the only two TZL cases that progressed were mPD-L1-positive. These findings suggest a potential prognostic role for mPD-L1, warranting further validation in larger cohorts in BCL and T-NOS nodal lymphomas. For TZL, extended follow-up studies are needed due to its indolent behavior. Although sPD-L1 and mRNA levels did not correlate with outcome, their diagnostic and prognostic utility merits further investigation and methodologic refinement.
Infrared thermography in cats with squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study.
Holanda AGA, Gárate AP, Queiroz GF … +1 more , Matera JM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42364526 · Publisher ↗
This prospective pilot study aimed to investigate the influence of SCC on skin temperature distribution in cats. Thermographic images were obtained from the nasal planum and pinna of cats with SCC (n = 26) and a healthy...
This prospective pilot study aimed to investigate the influence of SCC on skin temperature distribution in cats. Thermographic images were obtained from the nasal planum and pinna of cats with SCC (n = 26) and a healthy control group (n = 9). In the nasal planum, the median temperature in cats with SCC was 31.20 °C while in controls it was 23.50 °C, showing a significant difference (p < 0.001). The ROC curve demonstrated high discriminatory accuracy between groups for temperatures above 24.8 °C (p < 0.001). In the pinna, the median temperature in cats with SCC was 33.85 °C and in controls 28.55 °C, also with a significant difference (p < 0.001). The cutoff point of 32.3 °C indicated good discriminatory capacity between groups (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings suggest that thermography may detect tumor-associated thermal changes, warranting further studies to define its diagnostic and prognostic applicability.
Reproductive and productive performance in vaccinated and non-vaccinated dairy cows with antibodies against bluetongue virus serotype 3.
Lassen LIB, Christensen AB, Secher JB … +1 more , Nielsen SS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42361785 · Publisher ↗
In August 2024, Bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) emerged among ruminants in Denmark, with many dairy farmers reporting decreased milk yield and reproductive disturbances. We compared reproductive performance and milk...
In August 2024, Bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) emerged among ruminants in Denmark, with many dairy farmers reporting decreased milk yield and reproductive disturbances. We compared reproductive performance and milk yield in BTV-3 antibody ELISA-positive and -negative vaccinated and non-vaccinated dairy cows. Fifteen randomly selected dairy farms confirmed with BTV-3 infection were included. Milk samples from all lactating cows were tested for BTV-3 antibodies using an indirect ELISA. Cow-level data on milk yield and reproductive variables were retrieved, and associations between ELISA-status and reproductive outcomes were assessed separately in vaccinated and non-vaccinated cows. Milk yield was compared to the farm- and parity-specific values. Among vaccinated cows, those testing ELISA-positive had a 2.86 (95% CI: 0.98-8.3) times higher chance of abortion compared to ELISA-negative cows. Non-vaccinated, ELISA-positive cows had a 1.75 times higher chance of late abortion (>120th day of gestation; 95% CI: 1.0-3.07) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.08-1.53) times higher chance of return-to-service following the first insemination, compared to ELISA-negative. In October 2024, non-vaccinated ELISA-negative cows produced 3 kg less energy-corrected milk (ECM) per day compared to expected September yields, with the deficit increasing to 5 kg ECM by January. ELISA-positive non-vaccinated cows showed even lower yields. Vaccinated cows were also affected but exhibited smaller yield reductions and faster apparent recovery. These findings indicate that BTV-3 infection was associated with adverse reproductive and productive performance in dairy cows, with differences observed according to vaccination status.
Outcome of keratoma removal using different surgical techniques, including a modified partial hoof wall resection: A retrospective study (2004-2025).
Caballero Delgado G, Grulke S, Evrard L … +3 more , Sandersen C, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Salciccia A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349102 · Publisher ↗
Keratomas are diseases of the equine hoof that can be associated with intermittent lameness and/or recurrent foot abscesses. Different surgical techniques for keratoma removal have been described. The aim of this retrosp...
Keratomas are diseases of the equine hoof that can be associated with intermittent lameness and/or recurrent foot abscesses. Different surgical techniques for keratoma removal have been described. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the short- and long-term postoperative complications after keratoma removal using different surgical techniques: complete hoof wall resection (CR), partial hoof wall resection (PR) and a modified version of PR (MPR). The medical records of horses diagnosed with keratoma and space occupying lesion (SOL) of the hoof wall (2004-2025) at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Fifty-five cases underwent surgery (18 CR, 35 MPR and 2 PR). Partial hoof wall resection cases were excluded from statistical analysis due to a very limited number. On the short term, 9/35 (25.7%) of MPR cases developed complications. Modified partial hoof wall resection showed significantly less complications (especially exuberant granulation tissue and hoof wall instability) than CR. Other short-term complications across surgical procedures included laminitis, infection, fracture, and colic. Long term follow-up (6-180 months) was available for 15 CR, 2 PR and 22 MPR cases. Modified partial hoof wall resection group showed significantly less hoof cracks than the CR group. Keratoma recurrence occurred in 3/15 cases in CR, 1/2 in PR, and only 1/22 in MPR groups. Return to activity was achieved in around 70% of CR and MPR cases. Mean time to return was significantly shorter in the MPR (6.5 months) than in the CR group and was in line with durations generally described in the literature for PR. In conclusion, MPR can be an effective alternative to traditional surgical approaches for keratoma removal.
Immunomodulatory and histopathological effects of dietary lauric and benzoic acids on deltamethrin-induced mucosal immune disruptions in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Rabea A, Ibrahim I, Mahgoub H … +1 more , El-Shaieb A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349101 · Publisher ↗
Deltamethrin (DLM), a pyrethroid insecticide and common aquatic contaminant, impairs immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study evaluated the protective effects of lauric acid (LA) and benzoic acid (BA)...
Deltamethrin (DLM), a pyrethroid insecticide and common aquatic contaminant, impairs immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study evaluated the protective effects of lauric acid (LA) and benzoic acid (BA), both individually and in combination, against DLM-induced mucosal injury and immunosuppression. One hundred fifty juvenile Nile tilapia were distributed into five groups: a negative control, a positive control (DLM group) for 60 days, and three groups pre-fed with either 1 g/kg lauric acid, 1 g/kg benzoic acid, or their combination for 30 days prior to a subsequent 30-day DLM challenge. The evaluation included histopathological examination of intestinal and gill tissues, alongside assessment of immune markers, including IgM levels and lysozyme activity, serum triglyceride levels, and IL-1β gene expression. Results indicated that DLM exposure caused severe mucosal damage, characterized by necrotic enteritis and gill epithelium desquamation, concurrent with a significant suppression of immune markers and lipid metabolic disruption. However, supplementation with LA and BA, both individually and in combination, significantly ameliorated these toxic effects. Notably, the combined treatment (LA + BA) enhanced protective efficacy, resulting in the most pronounced restoration of mucosal barrier integrity, normalization of serum triglycerides, IL-1β upregulation likely reflects restoration of immune responsiveness following DLM-induced suppression rather than generalized pro-inflammatory activation, and a significant elevation in immune parameters compared to individual treatments. These findings suggest that lauric and benzoic acids represent a promising strategy to mitigate DLM-induced immune toxicity in Nile tilapia. Consequently, the dietary administration of organic acids may provide immunomodulatory activity, reducing mucosal damage and mitigating DLM-induced toxicity.
Considerations on markers for Schwann-like cells derived from equine mesenchymal stem cells.
de Oliveira Ferreira LV, Amorim RM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349100 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Dietary lemon essential oil mitigates metalaxyl-induced oxidative stress, hematological disruptions, and immunotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with associated changes in splenic MAPK-and caspase-related gene expression.
Younis EM, Abdel Rahman AN, Khamis T … +6 more , Abdelwarith AA, Davies SJ, Shamlol FS, Younis NA, Ibrahim RE, Elshopakey GE
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349099 · Publisher ↗
The agricultural accumulation of the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl (MXL) poses an increasing threat to aquatic organisms. Natural compounds, such as Citrus limon peel essential oil (CLPO), offer antioxidant and immunos...
The agricultural accumulation of the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl (MXL) poses an increasing threat to aquatic organisms. Natural compounds, such as Citrus limon peel essential oil (CLPO), offer antioxidant and immunostimulant properties that may counteract these toxic effects. This study evaluated the protective effects of a CLPO-enriched diet against MXL-induced toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. For 12 weeks, fingerlings (33.46 ± 0.28 g; n = 50 per group) were assigned to four treatments: Control, CLPO (1 g/kg diet), MXL (12.34 mg/L), and CLPO+MXL. MXL exposure reduced survival to 78%, disrupted hematological parameters (decreased white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), and elevated glucose and cortisol levels. Immune dysfunction was evidenced by reductions in complement 3, lysozyme, nitric oxide, and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, MXL triggered oxidative stress, marked by diminished antioxidant enzyme activities and increased malondialdehyde levels. At the molecular level, MXL exposure upregulated the stress-signaling transcripts (mapk1 and mapk14) and pro-apoptotic genes (casp-3 and casp-8), while concurrently suppressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10. These physiological changes correlated with splenic depletion and enlarged melanomacrophage centers. Conversely, dietary CLPO enhanced immune-antioxidant function, restored hematological profiles, mitigated gene expression disturbances, and preserved splenic structure. Overall, dietary CLPO supplementation significantly attenuated several adverse effects under the present experimental conditions, highlighting its potential as a protective additive in aquafeeds.
Evaluation of the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on ovarian function in female cats.
Yaprakci Ö, Filikci K, Akkuş T
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42330811 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to determine the effects of passive cigarette smoke exposure on ovarian function in cats. The study material consisted of 40 female tabby cats. The cats were divided into two groups: a control group (Gro...
This study aimed to determine the effects of passive cigarette smoke exposure on ovarian function in cats. The study material consisted of 40 female tabby cats. The cats were divided into two groups: a control group (Group 1, n = 20), not exposed to cigarette smoke, and a smoking group (Group 2, n = 20), exposed to environmental cigarette smoke. Estrogen levels and right intraovarian artery peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and mean flow velocity (A) were measured in all cats during estrus. Ovariohysterectomy was performed on all cats, and the number of follicles in their ovaries was counted. Preoperative cotinine and Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were also measured. Cotinine levels were found to be significantly higher in the smoking group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In contrast, AMH and estrogen levels were found to be significantly lower in the smoking group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Doppler parameters PI and RI were higher in the smoking group, while PSV, EDV, and A were lower (P < 0.001). Follicle counts were significantly lower in the smoking group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between cotinine and PI and RI, and a significant negative correlation was found between cotinine and AMH, estrogen, PSV, EDV, A, and all follicle types (P < 0.01). In conclusion, exposure to cigarette smoke in cats can negatively impact ovarian function and ovarian reserve by causing a decrease in intraovarian blood flow, AMH levels, and ovarian follicle reserve.
Infectious stability of animal gastrointestinal coronaviruses in fasted-state simulated gastric fluid.
Hu W, Shimoda H, Hayasaka D
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42330810 · Publisher ↗
Animal gastrointestinal coronaviruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) can cause oral infection despite being enveloped viruses, implying that they are capable...
Animal gastrointestinal coronaviruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) can cause oral infection despite being enveloped viruses, implying that they are capable of passing through the highly acidic gastric lumen. This study focused on the low pH acid resistance of coronaviruses, including PEDV, TGEV and equine coronavirus (ECoV) in fasted-state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) at pH 1.6, which simulated gastric fluid. Interestingly, PEDV, TGEV and ECoV retained infectivity in FaSSGF, whereas SARS-CoV-2 was rapidly inactivated. Although FaSSGF containing surfactants did not affect the acid resistance of these gastrointestinal coronaviruses, FaSSGF including pepsin showed inactivation effects against PEDV, TGEV and ECoV. These findings suggest that animal gastrointestinal coronaviruses possess the potential ability to withstand low pH conditions in gastric acid environments.
Response to the letter.
Bhalke PS, Chandel S, Reddy V … +6 more , Lodha L, Gupta S, Chandrashekar B, Ashwini MA, Isloor S, Mani RS
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42330809 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Comparative evaluation of cyclosporine A and thymoquinone treatments in a benzalkonium chloride-induced experimental dry eye model.
Yıldız E, Çakmakçı E, Erkan E … +2 more , Cengiz Z, Belge A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42322876 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A (CsA) and Thymoquinone (TQ) in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in an experimental rabbit model. DESIGN: The right eyes were assi...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A (CsA) and Thymoquinone (TQ) in treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in an experimental rabbit model. DESIGN: The right eyes were assigned to CsA and the left to TQ. During treatment, one drop of each agent was applied twice daily for 45 days. PARTICIPANTS: An experimental dry eye model was established in 36 New Zealand rabbits (20 females, 16 males), aged 3 months and weighing 2-2.5 kg. METHODS: KCS was induced with 5 μL of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAK) applied twice daily for 14 days. Clinical evaluations included the Schirmer tear test I (STT-I), fluorescein staining, corneal opacity, neovascularization, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis. Measurements were taken on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14 (induction) and 15-60 (treatment). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: By day 15, tear production had decreased, and clinical signs including conjunctival hyperemia and ocular irritation were observed. Epiphora became mucoid and corneal lesions appeared (p < 0.001). During treatment, both groups showed significant increases in tear production and decreases in hyperemia, chemosis, and corneal staining (p < 0.001). Differences between groups were noted in STT-I on days 28, 35, 50 (p < 0.05), and 54 (p < 0.001), and in corneal staining on several days (p < 0.001). Corneal opacity also differed on days 15, 18, 28, 35, and 38 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: KCS is a multifactorial condition involving inflammatory disruption of the tear cycle. In this contralateral-eye rabbit model, both CsA and TQ treated eyes showed clinical improvement over time; however, because untreated and vehicle control groups were not included, the findings should be interpreted primarily as a comparative assessment between the two active treatments rather than as definitive evidence of absolute therapeutic efficacy. Additional studies including appropriate control groups and mechanistic endpoints are needed to further clarify the therapeutic potential of TQ.
Biofilm production, molecular attributes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk.
Vargová M, Bujňáková D, Galambošiová T … +3 more , Zigo F, Zahumenská J, Hisira V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320320 · Publisher ↗
The formation of biofilm and resistance to certain antibiotics by staphylococci are acknowledged as a significant virulence factors. We focused on monitoring phenotype antibiotic resistance and biofilm production, includ...
The formation of biofilm and resistance to certain antibiotics by staphylococci are acknowledged as a significant virulence factors. We focused on monitoring phenotype antibiotic resistance and biofilm production, including some genes encoding for cell wall-anchored surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis. A total of 230 lactating cows were selected for the detection of mastitis. Of the tested dairy cows, 82 (35.7%) were positive on the California Mastitis Test (CMT). From a total of 105 CMT-positive quarter milk samples, 87 cases were identified as bacterial pathogens of the mammary gland. The most common udder pathogens among all infected quarters were coagulase-negative staphylococci (50.6%) and S. aureus (20.7%). Of all isolates of S. aureus (18), 10 isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, followed by resistance to erythromycin (10/18), to piperacillin + tazobactam, clindamycin (9/18), to oxacillin, ampicillin + sulbactam and to cefoxitin (8/18). One strain was resistant to chloramphenicol. Strong biofilm production was detected in 5 S. aureus; half of the strains were weak producers of biofilm, and 4 isolates had moderate formation capacity. The genes isdA, isdB and agrI were detected in all examined isolates from cows with subclinical mastitis. In our study, fnbpA was present in 17 isolates. The majority of S. aureus exhibited antibiotic resistance, biofilm production and the presence of virulence genes, hence constituting a potential public health threat.
Retrospective analysis of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels and their association with pneumonia severity in dogs.
Peláez-Torres P, Daza González MÁ, Perez-Montero B … +1 more , Caro-Vadillo A
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314230 · Publisher ↗
Bacterial pneumonia in dogs is a severe respiratory disease, and, currently, veterinary medicine lacks robust, evidence-based tools for assessing its severity, unlike those available in human medicine. While co-oximetry...
Bacterial pneumonia in dogs is a severe respiratory disease, and, currently, veterinary medicine lacks robust, evidence-based tools for assessing its severity, unlike those available in human medicine. While co-oximetry has been useful in diagnosing some respiratory diseases in humans, its application in veterinary medicine remains limited. This retrospective study aimed to assess carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), methemoglobin (MetHb), oxyhemoglobin (OHb), and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) levels in 30 dogs diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia compared to 42 control dogs without respiratory conditions, and to correlate these levels with key clinical indicators, including length of hospital stay, and the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio. Analysis of arterial blood revealed significant differences between groups: dogs with pneumonia exhibited lower levels of COHb (p = 0.047), MetHb (p = 0.008), and OHb (p < 0.001), alongside higher levels of HHb (p < 0.001). However, no significant correlations were observed between these biomarkers and hospital stay duration or the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio. Among pneumonia patients, the mortality rate was 23.3%, and hospital stays ranged from 2 to 7 days. These results indicate that, although the biomarkers reflect alterations in oxygen transport, they are not reliable predictors of prognosis in canine bacterial pneumonia. This study underscores the necessity for prospective investigations with larger samples and a multifactorial approach that combines biomarkers with clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters to enhance the management of this complex condition.
From perception to practice: technical and social drivers and barriers to biosecurity implementation on French cattle farms.
Bourgasser L, Hobeika A, Rivière J … +1 more , Guétin-Poirier V
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314229 · Publisher ↗
Biosecurity is a cornerstone of infectious disease prevention in cattle farming, yet its implementation remains suboptimal. This study aimed to identify psychosocial and socio-technical factors significantly associated w...
Biosecurity is a cornerstone of infectious disease prevention in cattle farming, yet its implementation remains suboptimal. This study aimed to identify psychosocial and socio-technical factors significantly associated with the adoption of biosecurity measures among French cattle farmers. An online survey collected data on practices and perceptions from 412 respondents, and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate four key domains: inter-herd contact, animal introduction, visitor management, and the wildlife-livestock interface. The results identified risk perception as the most consistent driver across all themes; farmers acknowledging a real risk were significantly more likely to implement protective measures. A major catalyst for behavioural change was the biosecurity audit, which increased the likelihood of performing pre-purchase blood tests at the seller's farm. Furthermore, a spillover effect was observed, where multi-species farming (including swine or poultry) acted as a protective factor for visitor protocols and sourcing. Conversely, infrastructural constraints, such as unsuitable building layouts, were major barriers to quarantine. A strictly regulatory mindset also significantly hindered proactive prevention, particularly for wildlife-related measures. These findings demonstrate that biosecurity adoption depends more on individualised technical support and structural feasibility than on general awareness. Public policies should therefore prioritise participatory approaches, such as tailored audits, to effectively enhance on-farm biosecurity.
Epidemiological status of bovine viral diarrhea virus in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A global systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rana EA, Islam MS, Hossain B … +4 more , Bruce M, Sarker S, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Uddin JM
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314228 · Publisher ↗
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a neglected viral disease in water buffalo despite its significant economic impact in production systems. Although limited epidemiological studies have been reported worldwide,...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a neglected viral disease in water buffalo despite its significant economic impact in production systems. Although limited epidemiological studies have been reported worldwide, the serostatus and active infection in buffalo have not been systematically reviewed. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate BVDV prevalence in water buffalo and identify associated epidemiological factors. Relevant studies published up to January 31, 2026, were retrieved from five electronic databases. A total of 49 studies were identified from 15 different countries were found for inclusion. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled-prevalence and assess heterogeneity among studies. A meta-analysis of 37 studies (9270 buffalo) estimated a pooled BVDV seroprevalence of 30.5%, while analysis of 16 studies (7189 animals) indicated an antigen prevalence of 16.5%. Continent-wise analysis revealed the highest BVDV seroprevalence in South-America (44.0%), while antigen prevalence was highest in Africa (21.2%) followed by Asia at 12.2%, and no BVDV data reported from North-America. Among the different countries, the highest BVDV seroprevalence was detected in Turkey (61.6%) and Argentina (59.0%), while antigen prevalence was highest in Egypt (21.2%), with lower estimates in Brazil (11.8%) and Iraq (11.3%). Notably, high heterogeneity (I > 90%) was observed in the all-pooled estimates, indicating variations in sampling period, age, sex, sample source and types, diagnostic methods, production-system, and study quality. These findings demonstrate the widespread presence of BVDV in water buffalo populations and indicate the need for targeted control strategies to mitigate its impact on health and productivity.
Farm classification by biosecurity level using a novel three-scale selection model.
Mitrevska E, Kjosevski M
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314227 · Publisher ↗
Enhancing farm biosecurity relies on on-farm biosecurity assessments and the development of effective improvement strategies. Classifying farms based on their implemented biosecurity measures faces several challenges, an...
Enhancing farm biosecurity relies on on-farm biosecurity assessments and the development of effective improvement strategies. Classifying farms based on their implemented biosecurity measures faces several challenges, and it is vital for driving progress. The aim of this study was to develop and test a 3-Scale Selection Model (3-SSM), using scores from biosecurity assessments as a novel approach to farm classification. The database for simulation and evaluation of the 3-SSM model was comprised of 723 previously assessed dairy farms using the Biocheck.UGent™ questionnaire for dairy cattle. The 3-SSM classifies farms into three Farm Classes: FC1-'Poor', FC2-'Medium', and FC3-'Good' Biosecurity. Classification consists of three sequential scales: the distribution of biosecurity scores, important biosecurity topics (IBTs), and specific biosecurity measures (SBMs), identified by experts. The 3-SSM was further evaluated by comparing it with two other classification models: Average-based (Model B) and Cluster-based (Model D). According to 3-SSM, 69.71% farms were classified as FC1, and 16.32% as FC3. Compared to Model B, 13.96% were classified as FC1 and 18.11% as FC3; and Model D, 30.70% were FC1 and 26.27% as FC3. From the farms classified as FC2 and FC3, 65.00% and 56.70% of farms from Model B and Model D, respectively, were considered as FC1 in 3-SSM. The 3-SSM does not disregard farms with well-established biosecurity practices. Instead, it highlights farms that, despite achieving high overall biosecurity scores, exhibit critical weaknesses. Adaptable across biosecurity assessment methods, this 3-SSM provides feedback, support, and benchmarking for veterinarians, farmers, researchers and policy makers.
Leukotoxin enhances nasopharyngeal colonization and shedding of Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine herpesvirus 1 infected calves.
Briggs RE, Tatum FM, Holthausen DJ … +3 more , Frank GH, Casas E, Dassanayake RP
Res Vet Sci · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314226 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this study was to assess the role of leukotoxin in Mannheimia haemolytica on colonization dynamics in the nasopharynx and bacterial shedding in calves concurrently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). E...
The aim of this study was to assess the role of leukotoxin in Mannheimia haemolytica on colonization dynamics in the nasopharynx and bacterial shedding in calves concurrently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Eight calves were assigned to two treatment groups of four and housed in isolation rooms. After acclimation, BHV-1 was administered intranasally to both groups. On the same day, calves in one group received feed containing leukotoxin (LktA) deleted mutants of the M. haemolytica serotype (ST1) and ST6 strains. Five days post-BHV-1 exposure, this group was re-exposed to LktA mutants intranasally. On day six, both groups were intranasally inoculated with wild-type ST1 and ST6 parent strains, and the animals were euthanized on day 10. Results indicate that both ST1 and ST6 can establish high-level colonization in the nasopharynx of BHV-1 infected calves. LktA mutants exhibited approximately 10-fold lower nasopharyngeal colonization compared to their wild-type counterparts. The higher shedding levels observed in wild-type strains compared to LktA mutants suggested a clear advantage in spreading the infection to other susceptible animals. These findings provide valuable insight into the nature of M. haemolytica infection in bovine hosts. They also indicate that leukotoxin expression may contribute to the competitive fitness M. haemolytica strains, potentially influencing their adaptation within the host.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe