Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Different approaches of strength-to-muscle mass ratio: impact on 24-month outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Silva-Filho JZ, Costa-Pereira JP, Fortunato WSL … +2 more , Pinho Ramiro CPS, Filho DCS
Nutrition · 2026 Jul · PMID 42391741 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of different approaches of strength-to-muscle mass ratio (i.e., adapted muscle-specific strength) and its components on 24-mo outcomes in acute coronary syndrom...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of different approaches of strength-to-muscle mass ratio (i.e., adapted muscle-specific strength) and its components on 24-mo outcomes in acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: A prospective cohort study included adults aged ≥50 y. Three handgrip strength (HGS)-to-muscle mass markers ratios were evaluated: HGS to appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST), HGS to calf circumference (CC), and HGS to adjusted calf circumference (adj-CC). Low index values were defined using the lowest sex-specific tertile: HGS/ALST (≤1.36 for males and ≤1.08 for females), HGS/CC (≤0.89 and ≤0.54), and HGS/adj-CC (≤0.97 and ≤0.58). Primary outcome was 24-mo all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmission, cardiovascular-related readmission, new coronary events, percutaneous coronary intervention, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS: A total of 113 patients were included (58.4% male; mean age, 66 ± 9 y). HGS, HGS/CC, and HGS/adj-CC were inversely associated with nearly all secondary outcomes. The hazard ratio for 24-mo mortality was 0.90 per kg of HGS ( HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82-0.96). HGS/CC and HGS/adj-CC were also inversely associated with mortality risk. All ratios predicted hospital readmission. Low HGS/ALST and low HGS/adj-CC were independent predictors of 24-mo mortality (HGS/ALST: adjusted HR, 3.87; 95% CI: 1.27-11.92; HGS/adj-CC: HR, 3.95; 95% CI: 1.26-12.35). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the clinical relevance of assessing muscle strength in relation to (markers of) muscle mass. These ratios may provide additional prognostic value, reinforcing the importance of integrating muscle strength and mass assessments in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
From scriptural reference to scientific evidence a critical review of the nutritional composition and functional food potential of foods described in classical Islamic texts.
Firhath AS
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42364260 · Publisher ↗
This structured narrative review is a study of foods specifically mentioned in the Quran and for which recent scientific findings support several nutritional observations mentioned in the hadith literature. The two-phase...
This structured narrative review is a study of foods specifically mentioned in the Quran and for which recent scientific findings support several nutritional observations mentioned in the hadith literature. The two-phase method was used: searching for scripturally described foods and summarizing the literature (2016-26) available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. It was found that 16 foods were plant-, animal-, or marine-based. Compositional analysis revealed common bioactive components, including polyphenols, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, soluble fiber (such as 0-glucan), thymoquinone, gingerols, and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanistic proof suggests common antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, glycemic-regulatory, lipid-modulating, and microbiota-associated routes. The strength of clinical substantiation of the clinical benefits of olive oil, fish, and barley represents a continuum of evidence: there is comparatively strong evidence of cardiometabolic benefit in these three items, but weak to mottled evidence of promise in pomegranate, grapes, Nigella sativa, ginger, vinegar, and dates. All in all, most of the scripturally discussed foods are consistent with modern functional food paradigms; nevertheless, their health implications can be most appropriately viewed through the lens of balanced diets rather than singular therapeutic assertions. More, longer, and standardized clinical trials are required to shed light on dose-response relations and long-term disease outcomes.
Integrating BIA-derived body composition parameters with GLIM criteria for survival prediction in patients with solid tumors.
Jiménez BR, Gallardo MG, Pena NG … +5 more , López ML, Aguilera BG, Martín MCC, Naranjo MMC, Gómez PRV
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42364259 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether integrating Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria with advanced body composition parameters improves the prediction of 6-mo mortality in patients with active solid t...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether integrating Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria with advanced body composition parameters improves the prediction of 6-mo mortality in patients with active solid tumors and suspected disease-related malnutrition (DRM). METHODS: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in adult patients with active solid malignancy referred to the Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Spain) for suspected malnutrition between April 2021 and December 2023. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), GLIM diagnostic criteria, anthropometry, handgrip strength, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Body composition parameters included fat-free mass percentage (FFM%), fat mass percentage (FM%), phase angle (PA), standardized PA (SPA), body cell mass index (BCMI), and extracellular water percentage (ECW%). Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression models adjusted for age and sex, and discriminative ability was evaluated with the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: A total of 209 patients were included: 11% at risk of malnutrition, 27.3% with moderate DRM, and 61.7% with severe DRM according to GLIM criteria. Head and neck, lung, and hepatobiliary cancers were the most frequent tumor types. Severe DRM was associated with greater weight loss and lower muscle-related and body composition indices. In multivariate survival models, BCMI (HR: 0.862; P = 0.036), PA (HR: 0.733; P = 0.039), and FFM% (HR: 0.957; P = 0.032) were protective factors, whereas ECW% (HR: 1.066; P = 0.026), advanced disease stage, and prolonged hospitalizations predicted higher mortality. The best predictive models combined BCMI, clinical variables, and nutritional factors (AUC: 0.851), followed by ECW% (AUC: 0.856) and FFM% (AUC: 0.828). CONCLUSIONS: GLIM-defined malnutrition is highly prevalent in oncology patients and strongly associated with mortality. Incorporating body composition parameters-particularly BCMI, PA, and FFM%-into prognostic models enhances survival prediction beyond GLIM criteria alone. These findings support the integration of advanced morphofunctional assessment into routine nutritional evaluation to improve risk stratification and guide personalized interventions in cancer care.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention, treatment, and survival of breast cancer.
Vinka L, Jesús VM, Reyes C … +3 more , Sánchez C, Rodrigo V, Camila F
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42361726 · Publisher ↗
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide, and its occurrence is shaped by both nonmodifiable factors (such as age and genetics) and modifiable factors, among which diet plays a central ro...
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide, and its occurrence is shaped by both nonmodifiable factors (such as age and genetics) and modifiable factors, among which diet plays a central role. This review addresses the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention, development, and treatment of breast cancer, highlighting their capacity to modulate inflammatory processes and impact mammographic density. Evidence indicates a negative association between n-3 PUFAs intake and breast cancer risk, whereas the role of n-6 PUFAs in disease development remains poorly elucidated. N-3 PUFAs supplementation has been shown to improve patient's quality of life by alleviating treatment-related side effects, such as aromatase inhibitors-induced musculoskeletal pain, and by reducing systemic inflammation. However, responses vary among individuals, emphasizing the need to personalize dietary strategies by considering factors such as body mass index and nutritional status. Although current evidence reinforces the importance of incorporating n-3 PUFAs and regulating n-6 PUFAs intake, further research is needed to optimize dosage and supplementation duration and to assess their long-term impact on breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Unpacking the eating pathways: The mediating roles of emotional eating and problem-solving skills in the relationship between childhood trauma and eating expectancies.
Barcın Güzeldere HK, Akarsu Ö, Düzgün K … +1 more , Devrim-Lanpir A
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42361725 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is associated with disordered eating, but the processes linking early adversity to eating expectancies remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether emotional eating and probl...
BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is associated with disordered eating, but the processes linking early adversity to eating expectancies remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether emotional eating and problem-solving skills mediate the association between childhood trauma and dysfunctional eating expectancies, particularly expectations of losing control over eating. METHODS: Participants were 441 university students (82.3% female; mean age 20.5 ± 2.0 y) who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21, Eating Expectancy Inventory, and Problem Solving Inventory. Pearson correlations and Hayes' PROCESS mediation analyses were used. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: CTQ scores were positively associated with loss-of-control eating expectancies, emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and poorer perceived problem-solving skills. In the primary mediation analyses, both emotional eating and poorer perceived problem-solving skills showed significant indirect effects. In sensitivity analyses adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the indirect effect through emotional eating was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (B = 0.0048, 95% CI [-0.0008, 0.0118]), whereas the indirect effect through poorer perceived problem-solving skills remained significant (B = 0.0035, 95% CI [0.0007, 0.0074]). The direct effect of CTQ on loss-of-control eating expectancies remained significant across models. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that poorer perceived problem-solving skills may represent a more robust correlate of the association between childhood trauma and beliefs about losing control over eating, whereas the emotional-eating pathway was less stable after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the temporal ordering of these relationships.
Improving communication about dietary fats: development and validation of the Fats-Related Attitude Scale based on data from Brazil, China, Croatia, Poland, and Spain.
Prokop-Dorner A, Maraj M, Gajdzica M … +16 more , Warzecha S, Franka Žuljević M, Valli C, Wang Q, Reyes BC, Poklepović-Peričić T, Serio Dos Santos DMS, Lopes LC, Motter FR, Thabane L, Ge L, Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt GH, Johnston BC, Bała MM, Zawisza K
Nutrition · 2026 Mar · PMID 42361724 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a scale measuring individual attitudes toward high-fat products to aid health care professionals in understanding patients' beliefs and practices. METHODS: We conducted a two-phase stu...
OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a scale measuring individual attitudes toward high-fat products to aid health care professionals in understanding patients' beliefs and practices. METHODS: We conducted a two-phase study involving culturally diverse countries: Brazil, China, Croatia, Poland, and Spain. Phase 1 involved interviews exploring laypeople's experiences, which were the basis for inductive item generation. We generated common and country-specific items. Next, nine nutrition experts from the studied countries reviewed 25 common items and assessed their relevance to the presented categories. Phase 2 involved psychometric testing and validation. Within the framework of classical test theory, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and internal consistency was assessed using McDonald's omega. Item response theory was also applied. RESULTS: We tested a self-reported questionnaire on a convenience sample of 3599 students and staff from universities in five countries-Brazil (799), China (643), Croatia (257), Poland (1594), and Spain (306)-using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview technique. We found a three-dimensional structure and identified the Fat Elimination Subscale, Fat Awareness Subscale, and Trans Fat Avoidance Subscale. Internal consistency varied across country-specific versions. The highest McDonald's omega values were observed in Brazil (0.61-0.70), indicating moderate reliability, whereas the lowest values were found in China (0.43-0.66), reflecting low to moderate reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The Fats-Related Attitude Scale identifies individual dietary beliefs and practices, which may influence long-term lifestyle changes. It provides initial insights into patients' willingness to adopt dietary changes, supporting tailored interventions in the health care setting.
Gluten-free diet plans generated by ChatGPT and Gemini differ in nutrient adequacy, while diet quality and carbon footprint are comparable.
Duman E, Songür Bozdağ AN, Memiç İnan C … +1 more , Canbolat E
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42361723 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Large language models are used for meal planning, but their suitability for restrictive diets remains unclear. We hypothesized that ChatGPT would generate gluten-free (GF) menus with lower energy and micronut...
BACKGROUND: Large language models are used for meal planning, but their suitability for restrictive diets remains unclear. We hypothesized that ChatGPT would generate gluten-free (GF) menus with lower energy and micronutrient adequacy than Gemini. METHODS: In this exploratory prompt-based comparison, ChatGPT (GPT-4o) and Gemini (2.5 Flash) each generated six daily 2000 kcal GF menus for a hypothetical 30-year-old woman with celiac disease using a standardized prompt. Generation was repeated after 1 wk for test-retest and sensitivity analyses (12 menus/model). The nutrient composition was analyzed using BeBiS v9.0. Micronutrient adequacy was summarized using nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs; truncated at 1.00) and the mean adequacy ratio. Diet quality was assessed with the Diet Quality Index-International, and carbon footprint was estimated using sustainability assessment of food and diets factors. Between-model differences were assessed using t tests or exact Mann-Whitney U tests with multiplicity adjustment; short-term output variability was characterized using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: In the initial dataset, ChatGPT menus provided less energy than Gemini menus (-379.8 kcal/d; P = 0.002) and showed lower mean adequacy ratio (-0.05; P = 0.002), mainly reflecting calcium and iron shortfalls. Diet Quality Index-International scores were similar between models, and absolute carbon footprint was numerically lower in ChatGPT menus but not statistically significant (P = 0.089). 1-wk output variability was observed across outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory prompt-based study, ChatGPT and Gemini generated GF menus with different nutrient adequacy profiles under the tested conditions, whereas diet quality and carbon footprint were comparable. Given the limited prompt sample and observed output variability, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. AI-generated GF menu outputs require standardized prompting, independent nutrient verification, GF safety assessment, and dietitian review before clinical use.
Response to the comment on "Impact of malnutrition severity on activities of daily living recovery in patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbations: A prospective observational study".
Maeda S, Otake K, Misu S … +4 more , Yamaguchi T, Nagatani C, Kaneko M, Ishikawa A
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42348945 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Weight management needs in under-resourced communities elicited using storyboarding and a realist lens: a qualitative study.
Brown TJ, Mahoney K, Naughton F … +2 more , Tham NAQ, Khadjesari Z
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42341545 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity are causing a growing public health, economic, and clinical burden, particularly within under-resourced communities. There is an urgent need to develop an in-depth understanding of exper...
OBJECTIVE: Overweight and obesity are causing a growing public health, economic, and clinical burden, particularly within under-resourced communities. There is an urgent need to develop an in-depth understanding of experiences of weight management as well as preferences for support within under-resourced communities, with a view to developing more effective weight management interventions. METHODS: Focus groups were run in under-resourced communities using storyboarding, a method used to facilitate inclusive communication (n = 37). Thematic analysis was applied to textual and visual data, and a realist 'lens' applied to provide in-depth insight into weight management experiences and needs. We believe this is the first study to use this combined methodology to explore weight management experiences and needs. RESULTS: Combining storyboarding with a realist lens generated four themes. Living circumstances indicated that mental health, individual needs, and the cost of weight management services were key contextual factors. Mechanisms of weight management identified emotional eating and portion control as central to individual weight management. Yo-yo dieting centered on participants' experiences of weight regain after attempting weight loss. Weight management intervention needs indicated that psychological support was perceived as severely lacking and the only route to attain sustained weight management. Offering both in-person and online support for weight management was considered important to reach more people. CONCLUSIONS: Moving weight management support from short to long term and incorporating more robust psychological support would better serve the needs of people living in under-resourced communities who are overweight or obese. Ideally interventions should be multicomponent and tailored to individual needs and circumstances.
Comment on "Patterns of parenteral nutrition use in patients with respiratory disease: Indications, timing, and metabolic complications in a single-center study".
Liu Y, Chen J
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42341544 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Socioeconomic determinants of minimum dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.
Massawe N, Adam J, Nyangi E … +2 more , Bukagu Y, Luoga P
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42341543 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is a key indicator of diet quality among women of reproductive age (15-49 y), yet remains low in Tanzania amid persistent micronutrient deficiencies and ongoing nutrition trans...
OBJECTIVES: Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is a key indicator of diet quality among women of reproductive age (15-49 y), yet remains low in Tanzania amid persistent micronutrient deficiencies and ongoing nutrition transition. Micronutrient deficiencies such as anemia, which affects 57% of pregnant women, significantly threaten maternal and child health and are worsened by socioeconomic challenges, food insecurity, and a shift toward processed foods. This study explored the socioeconomic and geographic factors shaping MDD to guide targeted nutrition interventions in Tanzania, where dietary patterns reflect both progress and challenges, including the growing issue of the double burden of malnutrition. METHODS: This study analyzed data from 15 254 women in the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. MDD was defined as consumption of ≥5 of 10 food groups in the previous 24 h. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with MDD. RESULTS: Higher MDD was significantly associated with greater wealth, higher education, employment, media exposure, health service use, and health insurance coverage. After adjustment, these factors remained strong predictors, whereas urban-rural differences were less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic inequalities are key drivers of dietary diversity. Targeted interventions are needed to improve access to diverse, nutrient-rich diets, particularly among poorer and less educated women, while addressing the challenges of ongoing nutrition transition.
Early nutritional consultation after emergency department MNA-SF assessment in hospitalized malnourished older adults.
Yu C, Liao PH, Lin CH … +4 more , Hsu CH, Chiu CL, How CK, Huang HH
Nutrition · 2026 Jun · PMID 42341542 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among older adults in emergency settings and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Delays in nutritional consultation after hospital admission may worsen prognos...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among older adults in emergency settings and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Delays in nutritional consultation after hospital admission may worsen prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of early nutritional consultation initiated in the emergency department (ED) for malnourished older adults identified through Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) nutritional assessment. METHODS: In this prospective quasi-experimental study (2021-2022), 1026 older adults (aged ≥65) with MNA-SF scores ≤7 were enrolled. In 2022, MNA-SF assessment was integrated into the electronic medical record system, and hospitalized patients identified as malnourished automatically received dietitian consultation orders upon admission for early nutritional intervention, whereas the 2021 control group received standard care. RESULTS: The mean age was 81.0 ± 8.7 years in the 2021 control group and 78.7 ± 9.7 years in the 2022 intervention group. Intervention group had significant lower days from ED admission to first consultation (P = 0.002) and from hospital admission to first consultation (P < 0.001). Intervention group showed significantly shorter days to achieve dietary adequacy (8.1 versus 15.5 days), increased consultation rates (77.6% versus 39.7%, P < 0.001), and lower 30- and 90-day mortality and readmission rates (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Early nutritional intervention triggered by MNA-SF assessment in the EDOA was associated with improved short-term outcomes among hospitalized older adults with malnutrition. Integration of electronic medical record-based nutritional workflows may support timely nutritional intervention in the ED setting. IMPLICATIONS: Integrating MNA-SF-based nutritional assessment and automated dietitian consultation workflows into emergency care practice may facilitate timely nutritional intervention and improve short-term outcomes among malnourished older adults.
Mobile applications for body composition estimation: functionality, current findings, and future directions.
Poltronieri TS, da Silva BR, Bennett J … +3 more , Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA, Prado CM
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42335590 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the functionality, research findings, and future directions on mobile apps for estimating body composition. METHODS: A nonsystematic literature search (April 2023 - February 2026) wa...
OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the functionality, research findings, and future directions on mobile apps for estimating body composition. METHODS: A nonsystematic literature search (April 2023 - February 2026) was conducted across scientific databases, online search engines, and digital marketplaces to identify apps with scientific backing. Data on apps methodologies were extracted from associated papers and websites. Developers were contacted to address technical gaps, and only apps with responses were included. RESULTS: Out of the 18 studies, 11 apps for body composition prediction were identified, with complete technical data available for 5 apps. Studies reflect available approaches used to capture two-dimensional whole-body images, employing digital anthropometry techniques, such as three-dimensional electronic tape measurements and artificial intelligence, to extract body shape and anthropometric data. The apps demonstrated good accuracy in predicting fat mass percentage; however, most showed reduced accuracy in individuals with higher adiposity. Studies also evaluated fat mass, fat-free mass, and appendicular fat-free mass, and the apps generally presented satisfactory predictive performance. However, important limitations remain, including reduced accuracy at the individual-level, insufficient validation across diverse populations, and limited evidence on longitudinal tracking capabilities. CONCLUSION: Mobile apps offer a promising, cost-efficient, and accessible approach for body composition estimation. Nevertheless, further validation and improvements in accuracy are needed to support its clinical application.
Fluxomics in precision nutrition: integrating dynamic metabolic profiling with multiomics.
Lanuza F, Viscardi S, Wishart DS … +1 more , Andrés-Lacueva C
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42335589 · Publisher ↗
Precision nutrition requires tools that move beyond static dietary biomarkers toward approaches that capture the dynamic nature of human metabolism. Fluxomics, the study of metabolic fluxes, offers valuable opportunities...
Precision nutrition requires tools that move beyond static dietary biomarkers toward approaches that capture the dynamic nature of human metabolism. Fluxomics, the study of metabolic fluxes, offers valuable opportunities to enrich nutritional research by revealing temporal patterns of dietary responses and clarifying mechanisms that underlie inter-individual variability. In this review, we examine how fluxomics, when combined with metabolomics and broader multiomics approaches, can help identify responder and nonresponder phenotypes, refine metabotype-based dietary recommendations, and strengthen causal inference in nutrition studies. We outline the methodological foundations of fluxomics, including stable isotope tracer administration, high-resolution MS and NMR, and computational frameworks that translate isotopomer data into quantitative flux maps. We further examine recent advances in postprandial profiling, isotopic tracing, and longitudinal repeated-measure designs that are expanding the translational potential of fluxomics in nutrition research. Artificial intelligence is positioned as a supportive analytical layer that facilitates the integration, scalability and interpretation of complex datasets in fluxomics-informed precision nutrition. Finally, we discuss current challenges related to standardization, reproducibility, scalability, and ethical governance. Addressing these barriers through well-designed longitudinal interventions in diverse populations will be essential to advance fluxomics from experimental settings toward more targeted and equitable precision nutrition strategies.
Re. "Can dietitians reliably measure muscle mass with ultrasound compared to 'expert' clinicians and what sort of training is required? A narrative review" by Russell et al.
Sahathevan S, Khor BH, Daud ZAM … +1 more , Karupaiah T
Nutrition · 2026 Feb · PMID 42331706 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Perioperative immunonutrition reduces infections and hospital stay in older patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
Gonçalves TJM, Gonçalves SEAB, de Castro MM … +5 more , de Carvalho FL, de Souza MS, Castro AAS, da Cunha MP, Berlinck MF
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42330753 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate whether perioperative oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) with immunonutrients improves clinical and surgical outcomes, including 30-day infection and surgical wound dehiscence...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate whether perioperative oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) with immunonutrients improves clinical and surgical outcomes, including 30-day infection and surgical wound dehiscence, in older patients undergoing elective open cardiac surgery. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included older patients undergoing elective open myocardial revascularization between 2015 and 2021. The immunonutrition (IM) group (n = 236) received ONS with immunonutrients for 5 days preoperatively and 5 days postoperatively. The control group (n = 232) received standard nutritional guidance only. Primary endpoints included length of stay (LOS), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on the third postoperative day (POD), and 30-day infectious complications. RESULTS: The IM group demonstrated a significantly shorter mean operative time compared to the control group (186.2 versus 218.7 min; P < 0.001). Postoperatively, the IM group had significantly lower CRP levels on POD 3 (98.8 versus 147.0 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and a shorter LOS (5.5 versus 8.1 days; P < 0.001). Most notably, the incidence of 30-day infections was significantly lower in the IM group compared to control (3.8% versus 15.5%; P < 0.001). Also, the IM group reduced the odds of infectious complications by 78% (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10-0.47; P < 0.001). There was also a reduction in the incidence of surgical site dehiscence (0.4% versus 3.4%; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a perioperative immunonutrition protocol for older patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery may be associated with reduced systemic inflammation, shorter hospital stays, and a significant decrease in postoperative infectious complications.
Living with phenylketonuria in adulthood.
Haitjema S, Timmenga JS, Lubout CMA … +3 more , Withaar FK, Wolffenbuttel BHR, van Spronsen FJ
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42330752 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: While the dietary treatment in phenylketonuria (PKU) is known to cause eating problems and social restrictions in children, knowledge of the prevalence and magnitude of these problems in adults is scarce. Thi...
OBJECTIVES: While the dietary treatment in phenylketonuria (PKU) is known to cause eating problems and social restrictions in children, knowledge of the prevalence and magnitude of these problems in adults is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PKU and its dietary treatment on daily life of adults with PKU. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire consisting of a PKU-specific questionnaire, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36) was completed by 40 adults with PKU and 15 age-matched controls without PKU. PROMIS scores were compared to the US-norm (T-score of 50, SD 10), and SF36 scores were compared to age-matched healthy individuals participating in a large Dutch population-based cohort (N > 40.000). RESULTS: Participants with PKU tended to experience more stress during dinner outside the home and more often canceled dinner with friends in comparison to Dutch controls (median 2 versus 1, P < 0.001; median 4 versus 5, P = 0.041). Adults with PKU experienced more fatigue and limitations in daily life due to emotional problems in comparison to the large Dutch cohort (M = 55 versus 67, P < 0.001; M = 68 versus 90, P < 0.001), and they also reported reduced perceived mental and general health (M = 70 versus 79, P < 0.005; M = 63 versus 75, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PKU and its dietary treatment may affect adults with PKU, particularly in mental health related domains.
Association between availability of gluten-free menu options and nutritional intake of hospital inpatients: an observational study.
Tong T, Utter J, McCray S … +2 more , Yu HL, Brennan K
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42330751 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Gluten-free diets pose nutritional risks as they are diets of exclusion, raising concerns in settings where patients often require increased nutritional support for recovery. The objective of this study was t...
OBJECTIVES: Gluten-free diets pose nutritional risks as they are diets of exclusion, raising concerns in settings where patients often require increased nutritional support for recovery. The objective of this study was to determine the association between expanding gluten-free menu options and improved nutritional intake among hospital inpatients. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study comparing nutritional intake and adequacy in patients across three menu groups in a large, urban hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Participants included 229 adult inpatients allocated a gluten-free diet code between September 2024 and February 2025 across the three menu groups. The standard room service menu had the fewest number of gluten-free options, the private menu featuring fresh herbs had additional gluten-free options (mostly animal-based proteins), and the private menu featuring alternative grains had additional meals featuring naturally gluten-free grains. Patient satisfaction and menu engagement were assessed in the cohort ordering from the private menu featuring alternative grains. Main outcome measures included nutritional intake and adequacy (percentage of requirements) for energy, protein, saturated fat, and fiber and macronutrient distribution. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and menu engagement. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess differences in nutritional intake across the menu groups. RESULTS: Gluten-free patients ordering from the private menu featuring fresh herbs met their energy requirements (99%) and exceeded their protein needs (120%) compared with the standard room service menu (83% and 84%, respectively; P ≤ 0.05 for both). By adding additional naturally gluten-free grain options to the enhanced private menu, patient energy and protein requirements were adequate (94% and 106%, respectively). Patient satisfaction and menu engagement were high for the private menu featuring alternative grains group, with more than 90% rating the food service as "good" and half ordering a meal featuring an alternative grain. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing options for gluten-free meals, through grain-free or alternative grains, may be effective strategies for improving the nutritional intake of patients in hospital.
Vegan versus traditional Mediterranean diet effects on cardiometabolic outcomes in women with fibromyalgia:FIBROVEG study.
Marrero-Fernández P, Fresán U, Nicaudie S … +5 more , Huecas NR, Abusaada M, Bertotti G, Roldán-Ruiz A, López-Moreno M
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42320093 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia (FM) is associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles and reduced quality of life. Although plant-based dietary patterns have shown cardiovascular benefits, their effects in FM remain unclear....
OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia (FM) is associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles and reduced quality of life. Although plant-based dietary patterns have shown cardiovascular benefits, their effects in FM remain unclear. This randomized, parallel-arm controlled trial evaluated the effect of a vegan Mediterranean diet (VegMedDiet) compared with a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and FM-related outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-two women with FM were assigned to follow either a VegMedDiet (n = 11) or a MedDiet (n = 11) for 6 weeks. Diets were isocaloric and matched for macronutrient distribution. RESULTS: The primary outcome was change in LDL-C; secondary outcomes included other cardiometabolic markers, body composition, and FM-related symptoms and were considered exploratory. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models accounting for repeated measures. Compared with the MedDiet, the VegMedDiet produced greater reductions in LDL-C (estimated mean difference -21.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -38.3 to -4.08) and triglycerides (-27.4 mg/dL; 95% CI: -52.1 to -2.73). Additionally, a significantly greater reduction was observed in the FIQ pain item (estimated mean difference -1.88; 95% CI: -2.99 to -0.77; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a VegMedDiet may contribute to short-term improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers and FM-related symptoms compared with a MedDiet, supporting its potential role as a dietary strategy in individuals with FM.
Effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc levels in very low birth weight infants.
Hiruta S, Ogasawara K, Ichikawa H … +4 more , Maeda H, Momoi N, Hosoya M, Go H
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42314307 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic enteral zinc supplementation (2 mg/kg/day) on postnatal serum zinc levels and growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. We hypothesized this supplementation would...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic enteral zinc supplementation (2 mg/kg/day) on postnatal serum zinc levels and growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. We hypothesized this supplementation would mitigate the significant postnatal decline in serum zinc levels. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single-center neonatal intensive care unit. We compared 132 VLBW infants admitted before routine zinc supplementation (nonsupplemented group) with 51 infants admitted after its introduction (zinc-supplemented group). The primary outcome was longitudinal serum zinc levels analyzed using linear mixed-effects models; secondary outcomes were growth parameters (z-score changes) at corrected 40 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. Linear mixed-effects models showed that zinc supplementation was significantly associated with higher serum zinc levels over time (P = 0.001). The zinc-supplemented group had significantly higher serum zinc levels at 2 to 5 months of age. However, in the zinc-supplemented group, serum zinc concentrations remained below the reference range (74 µg/dL) in a substantial proportion of infants during early infancy, particularly around 2 to 3 months of age. Multivariable linear regression showed no significant association between zinc supplementation and changes in weight, length, or head circumference z-scores. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral zinc supplementation at 2 mg/kg/day was associated with increased longitudinal serum zinc levels in VLBW infants but did not impact growth at corrected 40 weeks of gestation. These findings suggest that although supplementation improves biochemical zinc status, current dosing strategies may not be sufficient to fully meet the physiological zinc requirements during early postnatal growth.
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