Child Welfare[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Knowledge, Training, and Support Needs for Identification and Appropriate Care of Children with Prenatal Alcohol and Other Drug Exposures in the Child Welfare System.
Morehouse E, Ingoldsby E, Newburg-Rinn S … +2 more , Bertrand J, Usher K
Child Welfare · 2023 Oct · PMID 38415275
Increased awareness of the conditions associated with prenatal substance exposure may enhance care delivery among professionals working in child welfare. The ways in which prenatal substance exposure intersects with chil...
Increased awareness of the conditions associated with prenatal substance exposure may enhance care delivery among professionals working in child welfare. The ways in which prenatal substance exposure intersects with child welfare are critically important, yet prenatal substance exposure knowledge is uneven among these professionals. Also, caregivers may lack information that prepares them to care for children with prenatal substance exposure, particularly children with prenatal alcohol exposure. This study explores what professionals working in child welfare and caregivers know about prenatal substance exposure and prenatal alcohol exposure and their training and support needs.
Preserving Families of Children in Child Welfare with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities.
Richards T, Miller N, Eaton E … +2 more , Newburg-Rinn S, Bertrand J
Child Welfare · 2023 Oct · PMID 38093717
The mission of child welfare is to ensure children's safety, permanency, and well-being. It is also charged with preserving and strengthening families and with avoiding the removal of children who can be kept at home saf...
The mission of child welfare is to ensure children's safety, permanency, and well-being. It is also charged with preserving and strengthening families and with avoiding the removal of children who can be kept at home safely. This paper addresses some of the challenges in meeting these concurrent goals in work with children prenatally exposed to alcohol and their families. Current child welfare practices are unlikely to identify prenatal alcohol exposure or children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Yet if this exposure is identified when families come into contact with child welfare, a jurisdiction's laws and safety and risk assessment processes may lead to unnecessary removal of children from their homes, particularly for Black and American Indian/Alaska Native families. Drawing from research and discourse in the field, strategies are described that could help the child welfare system care for children who may be impacted by FASD while preserving their families. A crucial strategy is partnering with key child and family service providers to identify and respond to FASD.
Exploring Child Welfare Practices to Care for Children with Prenatal Substance Exposure.
Wang K, Richards T, Kopiec K … +2 more , Newburg-Rinn S, Bertrand J
Child Welfare · 2023 Sep · PMID 38021378
This article presents findings from a mixed-methods study exploring child welfare agency practices addressing children with prenatal substance exposure and their families. Data sources include: (a) interviews with 159 pr...
This article presents findings from a mixed-methods study exploring child welfare agency practices addressing children with prenatal substance exposure and their families. Data sources include: (a) interviews with 159 professionals in child welfare; (b) surveys with 271 professionals in child welfare; and (c) a systematic review of state and local child welfare documents guiding processes in the five states in the study sample. Findings from descriptive statistics of survey data, grounded theory analysis of interviews, and content analysis of documents suggest practices center on infants identified by hospitals as affected by prenatal substance exposure. Without practice guidance and access to treatment services, the needs of older children whose prenatal exposure to substances, including alcohol and other types of legal and illegal substances, is not recognized at birth may be overlooked.
"The Problem's Bigger than We Are": Understanding How Local Factors Influence Child Welfare Responses to Substance Use in Pregnancy, A Qualitative Study.
Loch SF, Muhar A, Bouskill K … +8 more , Stein BD, Shi Q, Bonnet K, Schlundt D, Sieger ML, Parker E, Orgel C, Patrick SW
Child Welfare · 2023 · PMID 38784918
State eligibility for certain federal child welfare funding requires a gubernatorial assurance that infants affected by substances receive plans of safe care (POSC). We conducted 18 interviews with state and county child...
State eligibility for certain federal child welfare funding requires a gubernatorial assurance that infants affected by substances receive plans of safe care (POSC). We conducted 18 interviews with state and county child welfare staff to understand how POSC has been implemented and found variability in practice driven by vague policy, challenges of cross-system collaboration, and a lack of knowledge about substance use disorder. Policy improvements should align requirements with POSC practice and create shared accountability with key partners.
Family Care Plans for Infants with Prenatal Substance Exposure.
Sieger ML, Nichols C, Chasnoff IJ … +3 more , Putnam-Hornstein E, Patrick SW, Copenhaver M
Child Welfare · 2023 · PMID 38784917
The federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) requires that a plan of safe care, called a family care plan (FCP) in Connecticut, be developed for all newborns identified as being affected by substance abus...
The federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) requires that a plan of safe care, called a family care plan (FCP) in Connecticut, be developed for all newborns identified as being affected by substance abuse and their caregivers. In Connecticut, FCPs are developed in treatment or hospital settings, not by child protective services. Analyzing data from Connecticut from 2019-2021, we found robust yet uneven implementation of FCPs that may have resulted in inadequate support for some affected caregiver-infant dyads. Additional implementation strategies may be needed to ensure that all dyads receive comprehensive FCPs.
Child Welfare Policies and Practices Regarding Children with Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Other Drugs: An Exploratory Study.
Usher K, Brizzo A, Leicht C … +4 more , Newburg-Rinn S, Reynolds MR, McCann H, Bertrand J
Child Welfare · 2022 · PMID 37309375
Research indicates that there are more children with prenatal alcohol and other drug exposures in child welfare than in the general population. Using multiple forms of data from staff and caregivers from one urban agency...
Research indicates that there are more children with prenatal alcohol and other drug exposures in child welfare than in the general population. Using multiple forms of data from staff and caregivers from one urban agency, this exploratory study demonstrated opportunities to inform polices, practice, and data elements regarding this vulnerable group. Findings are discussed within the context of ensuring family preservation, equity and avoiding disproportional race/ethnicity within child welfare when identifying and caring for children with prenatal exposures.
Long-Term Economic Benefit of Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) for Adolescent Females Referred to Congregate Care for Delinquency.
Saldana L, Campbell M, Leve L … +1 more , Chamberlain P
Child Welfare · 2019 · PMID 33281198
Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) is an alternative to congregate care, for youth involved in the juvenile justice and/or child welfare systems. Though demonstrated as clinically-and cost-effective across multiple rigo...
Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) is an alternative to congregate care, for youth involved in the juvenile justice and/or child welfare systems. Though demonstrated as clinically-and cost-effective across multiple rigorous trials, the long-term cost benefit of TFCO has not been considered. This study follows = 166 females from adolescence to young adulthood, who were involved in both systems and referred for out-of-home-care. Records of arrest, court, incarceration (juvenile, jail, and prison), monitoring (parole and probation) and child-welfare services were included in a long-term cost-benefit analysis. Outcomes highlight ongoing benefit of the TFCO intervention, nearly 10 years post-intervention.
A Longitudinal Examination of Service Utilization and Trauma Symptoms among Young Women with Prior Foster Care and Juvenile Justice System Involvement.
Franz DJ, Griffin AM, Saldana L … +1 more , Leve LD
Child Welfare · 2019 · PMID 32308211
We investigated the prediction of young adult service utilization and trauma symptoms from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent mental health symptoms in young women with dual child welfare and juvenile ju...
We investigated the prediction of young adult service utilization and trauma symptoms from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent mental health symptoms in young women with dual child welfare and juvenile justice system involvement. A sample of 166 females (ages 13 to 17) was followed to examine the transition to young adulthood. Path models indicated that more ACEs were associated with poorer adolescent mental health. Adolescent mental health symptoms were associated with more young adult trauma symptoms and service utilization. Implications for service providers and policy-makers are discussed.
Developing Relationship-Building Tools for Foster Families Caring for Teens who are LGBTQ2S.
Salazar AM, McCowan KJ, Cole JJ … +5 more , Skinner ML, Noell BR, Colito JM, Haggerty KP, Barkan SE
Child Welfare · 2018 · PMID 29861503
Youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S) are disproportionally represented in the foster care population and often face discrimination within the system. This...
Youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S) are disproportionally represented in the foster care population and often face discrimination within the system. This article summarizes findings from focus groups with youth in care who are LGBTQ2S, foster caregivers, and child welfare workers to explore (a) the unique challenges and support-related needs of youth in care who are LGBTQ2S and their foster caregivers, and (b) strategies for building better relationships between these youth and caregivers. Findings can be used to improve youth placement stability.
Health and Well-Being of Children in Kinship Care: Findings from the National Survey of Children in Nonparental Care.
Bramlett MD, Radel LF, Chow K
Child Welfare · 2017 · PMID 29416143
This study uses nationally representative survey data to describe differences in characteristics, adverse family experiences, and child well-being among children in kinship care with varying levels of involvement with th...
This study uses nationally representative survey data to describe differences in characteristics, adverse family experiences, and child well-being among children in kinship care with varying levels of involvement with the child welfare system. Well-being is examined in the domains of physical and mental health, education, and permanency. Comparisons provide insight on kinship care arrangements inside and outside the child welfare system, as well as the variability among nonfoster kinship care arrangements.
Prevalence of Chronic Illness among Youth with DSM-IV-TR Axis I Diagnoses at a Large Mental Health Agency in Northeast Ohio.
Merker JM, Dolata J, Pike E … +3 more , Newman E, Rex D, Sehgal AR
Child Welfare · 2017 · PMID 30147115
This descriptive study examines the prevalence of comorbid physical and mental health issues among young clients at a large mental health agency. Health status data was collected from the intake process of youth seeking...
This descriptive study examines the prevalence of comorbid physical and mental health issues among young clients at a large mental health agency. Health status data was collected from the intake process of youth seeking mental health services at a Northeast Ohio agency ( = 1,076). The results show a higher prevalence of asthma and obesity among clients with known mental health diagnoses at this agency compared to national averages. The results could help the agency develop strategies for implementation of an integrated care model to better meet the complex needs of the clients served.
New Approaches for Working with Children and Families Involved in Family Treatment Drug Courts: Findings from the Children Affected by Methamphetamine Program.
Rodi MS, Killian CM, Breitenbucher P … +4 more , Young NK, Amatetti S, Bermejo R, Hall E
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827483
This is a descriptive study of the Children Affected by Methamphetamine (CAM) grant program, a federally funded effort to improve outcomes through the addition of targeted interventions for 1,940 families, including 2,59...
This is a descriptive study of the Children Affected by Methamphetamine (CAM) grant program, a federally funded effort to improve outcomes through the addition of targeted interventions for 1,940 families, including 2,596 adults and 4,245 children involved in 12 diverse Family Treatment Drug Courts (FTDCs) located across six U.S. states. The majority were children of parents with a primary methamphetamine use disorder. Findings reflect grantees' reporting on 18 performance indicators of child safety and permanency, adult recovery, and family well-being. Additional information gleaned from grantees' biannual reports provides insights about program implementation. Results, drawn from this large and complex dataset, indicate that comprehensively addressing families' needs is associated with better outcomes than those experienced by similarly situated families in grantees' communities and the nation overall. In addition to describing common program components and outcomes, this article presents important lessons learned about implementing evidence-based children's services in the FTDC context, as well as future directions for research and evaluation in this arena.
Rethinking Child Welfare to Keep Families Safe and Together: Effective Housing-Based Supports to Reduce Child Trauma, Maltreatment Recidivism, and Re-Entry to Foster Care.
Rivera M, Sullivan R
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827482
Large numbers of children who are placed in child protective custody have parents with a substance use disorder. This placement occurs despite evidence that the trauma of removal is associated with poor long-term child o...
Large numbers of children who are placed in child protective custody have parents with a substance use disorder. This placement occurs despite evidence that the trauma of removal is associated with poor long-term child outcomes. This article describes a collaborative model of a continuum of housing-based clinical and support services for the whole family that has safely reduced foster care placement. An external evaluation of this pilot in Jackson County, Oregon, found significant differences in subsequent maltreatment, foster care re-entry, and family permanency outcomes favoring the treatment group. After initial external grant funds, this program is continuing and expanding across Oregon due to state legislation, and funding and can be a model for other states.
Family-Based Recovery: An Innovative In-Home Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Families with Young Children.
Hanson KE, Saul DH, Vanderploeg JJ … +2 more , Painter M, Adnopoz J
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827481
Family-based in-home treatment can effectively meet the needs of mothers and fathers struggling with the dual challenges of substance abuse recovery and parenting infants and toddlers. This article describes one such pro...
Family-based in-home treatment can effectively meet the needs of mothers and fathers struggling with the dual challenges of substance abuse recovery and parenting infants and toddlers. This article describes one such program, Family-Based Recovery (FBR), which integrates substance abuse treatment for parents and infant mental health intervention with the goal of preventing child maltreatment and family disruption. Program design, implementation, and results are provided. Outcome data suggest that FBR is a promising model.
Effects of a Rural Family Drug Treatment Court Collaborative on Child Welfare Outcomes: Comparison Using Propensity Score Analysis.
Pollock MD, Green SL
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827480
Previous studies that have examined the impact of family drug treatment courts (FDTCs) on child welfare outcomes have produced mixed results. This study evaluates the impact of a rural, FDTC collaborative on child welfar...
Previous studies that have examined the impact of family drug treatment courts (FDTCs) on child welfare outcomes have produced mixed results. This study evaluates the impact of a rural, FDTC collaborative on child welfare outcomes using propensity score analysis. Findings from the study show that children in the treatment group had longer stays in child welfare custody but were substantially less likely to experience future incidents of maltreatment than those in families with parental substance use disorders without these services.
Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams in Rural Appalachia: Implementation and Outcomes.
Hall MT, Huebner RA, Sears JS … +3 more , Posze L, Willauer T, Oliver J
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827479
The Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams (START) model is designed for families with co-occurring substance use and child maltreatment. This study describes the implementation and outcomes of START in a rural Appalachia...
The Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams (START) model is designed for families with co-occurring substance use and child maltreatment. This study describes the implementation and outcomes of START in a rural Appalachian county with high rates of poverty, non-medical prescription drug use, and child maltreatment. Despite a severely limited addiction treatment infrastructure at baseline, children served by START were less likely to experience recurrence of child abuse or neglect within 6 months or re-enter foster care at 12 months compared with a matched control group.
Practice-Informed Approaches to Addressing Substance Abuse and Trauma Exposure in Urban Native Families Involved with Child Welfare.
Lucero NM, Bussey M
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827478
Similar to families from other groups, urban-based American Indian and Alaska Native ("Native") family members involved with the child welfare system due to substance abuse issues are also often challenged by untreated t...
Similar to families from other groups, urban-based American Indian and Alaska Native ("Native") family members involved with the child welfare system due to substance abuse issues are also often challenged by untreated trauma exposure. The link between these conditions and the history of genocidal policies aimed at destroying Native family ties, as well as experiences of ongoing discrimination, bring added dimensions for consideration when pro- viding services to these families. Practice-based evidence indicates that the trauma-informed and culturally responsive model developed by the Denver Indian Family Resource Center (DIFRC) shows promise in reducing out-of-home placements and re-referrals in urban Native families with substance abuse and child welfare concerns, while also increasing caregiver capabilities, family safety, and child well-being. This article provides strategies from the DIFRC approach that non-Native caseworkers and supervisors can utilize to create an environment in their own agencies that supports culturally based practice with Native families while incorporating a trauma-informed understanding of service needs of these families. Casework consistent with this approach demonstrates actions that meet the Active Efforts requirement of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) as well as sound clinical practice. Intensive and proactive case management designed specifically for families with high levels of service needs is a key strategy when combined with utilizing a caseworker brief screening tool for trauma exposure; training caseworkers to recognize trauma symptoms, making timely referrals to trauma treatment by behavioral health specialists experienced in working with Native clients, and providing a consistent service environment that focuses on client safety and worker trustworthiness. Finally, suggestions are put forth for agencies seeking to enhance their cultural responsiveness and include increasing workers' understanding of cultural values, worldview, and historical issues; working from a relational perspective; listening deeply to families' experiences; and being open to incorporating traditional healing and cultural practice into service plans.
Co-Occurrence of Parental Substance Abuse and Child Serious Emotional Disturbance: Understanding Multiple Pathways to Improve Child and Family Outcomes.
Becci AA, Brook J, Lloyd MH
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827477
This study is a mixed-methods examination of the prevalence and impact of parental substance abuse among families involved in foster care who have a child with a serious emotional disturbance. Data utilized for this stud...
This study is a mixed-methods examination of the prevalence and impact of parental substance abuse among families involved in foster care who have a child with a serious emotional disturbance. Data utilized for this study were both administrative and assessment data collected by case managers and parents as part of a federally funded demonstration project in a Midwestern state. At baseline, parent self-report and case manager ratings of family functioning found that parents affected by substance abuse fared worse in domains related to socioeconomics, parental trauma, parental mental health, and social supports when compared to families without parental substance abuse. Case managers and independent raters scored parents affected by substance abuse higher on effective parenting than parents not affected by substance abuse. While all children in the sample have a serious emotional disturbance, parents and case managers rated children's functioning higher among children whose families were characterized by parental substance abuse. These results suggest that, among families who have children with a serious emotional disturbance and are in foster care, those with and without substance abuse may represent two distinct service groups, each with a unique set of needs and contextual factors. For families with parental substance abuse, findings suggest that an appropriate child welfare response should attend to both children's and parent's behavioral health needs and include strategies that are well matched to the families' socioeconomic and social support needs.
Mental Health Disorders among Children within Child Welfare who have Prenatal Substance Exposure: Rural vs. Urban Populations.
Chasnoff IJ, Telford E, Wells AM … +1 more , King L
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827476
This study analyzed differences in mental health diagnoses among Illinois child welfare-involved youth who have had prenatal substance exposure. Results indicate that youth from the rural area had a significantly higher...
This study analyzed differences in mental health diagnoses among Illinois child welfare-involved youth who have had prenatal substance exposure. Results indicate that youth from the rural area had a significantly higher rate of co-occurring mental health disorders. A multiple regression analysis revealed five significant predictors: living in a rural area, a history of neglect, having Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or an alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, and age. These results have implications for adapting existing treatment models.
How Many Families in Child Welfare Services Are Affected by Parental Substance Use Disorders? A Common Question that Remains Unanswered.
Seay K
Child Welfare · 2015 · PMID 26827475
Associated with extensive negative outcomes for children, parental substance use disorders are a major concern within the child welfare system. Obtaining actual prevalence rate data has been difficult, however, and there...
Associated with extensive negative outcomes for children, parental substance use disorders are a major concern within the child welfare system. Obtaining actual prevalence rate data has been difficult, however, and there are no recent published reports on this issue. Using a systematic search, this paper examines: (1) Prevalence estimates of parental substance use disorders in the child welfare population; (2) the types of child welfare involvement for reported prevalence estimates; and (3) how prevalence information is being collected. Prevalence rates were found to have a wide range, from 3.9% to 79%, with regional prevalence estimates being higher than national estimates. Prevalence rates of parental substance use disorders varied by type of child welfare involvement of the family and method of data collection. This study points out the need for improvements in prevalence estimates in the United States and national data collection procedures to ensure that child welfare and substance abuse treatment systems are adequately responding to children and families with substance use disorders.
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