Indian Journal Of Clinical Biochemistry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Neuroprotective Efficacy of Silymarin against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Structural Changes Mediated by Arsenic-induced Toxicity in Rats.
Verma A, Soni M, Kumar V
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205226 · Full text
Arsenic is one of the toxic metalloid that is ubiquitously distributed in environment that exerts toxic effects by contaminating air, water, soil, and other resources. Groundwater is thought to be the major source of ars...
Arsenic is one of the toxic metalloid that is ubiquitously distributed in environment that exerts toxic effects by contaminating air, water, soil, and other resources. Groundwater is thought to be the major source of arsenic-induced mammalian toxicity. The current work sheds light on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Male albino wistar rats were categorized into 4 groups i.e., control, silymarin-treated (50 mg/kg), arsenic-treated (25ppm), and arsenic + silymarin-treated. Arsenic and silymarin were given intragastrically for 28 days. The study found that as compared to the control rats, animals that received arsenic treatment had lower levels of total antioxidants inside their brain tissues. Additionally, a notable rise in malondialdehyde level, protein oxidation, and inflammation was observed in the group of arsenic treatment suggesting oxidative stress generation inside brain tissue of rats leading to neuronal damage. However, silymarin reversed the damage caused by arsenic in rats, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. The electron microscopic and histological results also showed that silymarin reversed the neuronal damage induced by arsenic exposure providing additional evidence of its antioxidative nature. The present study highlights the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin as an antioxidant against arsenic-induced toxicity in rats' brain.
Validation of New Micro-spectrophotometric Method to Determine Diamine Oxidase Activity in Serum.
Sozmen EY, Sozmen AB
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205225 · Full text
Food allergy and histamine intolerance (HI) are prevalent worldwide. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity determination in serum is a promising approach for diagnosing HI. Despite the numerous methods that have been published...
Food allergy and histamine intolerance (HI) are prevalent worldwide. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity determination in serum is a promising approach for diagnosing HI. Despite the numerous methods that have been published for determining diamine. oxidase activity in serum, most of them have not been validated and have inherent limitations, such as interference and multi-step analysis. Our objective was to perform the analytical validation of a novel micro-spectrophotometric method for the determination of DAO activity in a routine clinical laboratory setting. In this study we determined DAO activity in serum using a 4-aminoantypirine (4-AAP) and 2,4,6 tribromo-3-hidroxybenzoic acid (TBHBA) combination as chromogen for the first time. Validation steps included determination of accuracy (recovery and linearity) and precision (within-run and between-run repeatability) following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols and the other guidelines. Reagent stability assessment at both 4 °C temperature and frozen (- 20 °C) after 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and a week storage were conducted. The optimum test conditions were determined as pH = 6.0, 37 °C, 55 mM Putrescine and 60 min. LOD and LOQ levels were found as 10.08 U/L and 30.56 U/L respectively. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for within-run and between-run precisions were 5.2%, 9.4% for the normal level and 2.6%, 2.2% for the high range, respectively. This reliable method for quantifying DAO activity in serum provides an optimal approach, offering rapid and straightforward performance in laboratories for clinical use.
Attitudes of Algorithms: An Exploration of the Ethics of CRISPR Cas9 through the Lens of ChatGPT.
D'Souza RF, Mathew M, Surapaneni KM
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205224 · Full text
The controversies surrounding CRISPR Cas9 are multifaceted, encompassing concerns related to unintended genetic consequences, ethical and legal considerations in human gene editing, and potential misuse of the technology...
The controversies surrounding CRISPR Cas9 are multifaceted, encompassing concerns related to unintended genetic consequences, ethical and legal considerations in human gene editing, and potential misuse of the technology. Recognizing the influence of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, this study aims to evaluate the potential of ChatGPT as an educational tool to provide users with information regarding gene editing and its concerns and also, its potential to serve as an ethical decision support system to assist scientists and healthcare providers in analyzing the medical, ethical and legal issues involved in gene editing. ChatGPT 3.5 was used for this evaluation. To assess its potential as an educational tool, 11 open-ended knowledge-based questions delving into various aspects of gene editing were used. Also, to ensure personal beliefs and preferences do not influence the ethical concerns over gene editing, 12 attitude-based questions on a 5-point Likert scale were used. Finally, the interpretation skills of ChatGPT in providing the medical, ethical, and legal considerations were analysed using 4 case scenarios. All answers were analysed independently by the authors and discussed to derive a final grade. In knowledge-based queries, ChatGPT performed well but could enhance accuracy and depth. Attitude-based responses conveyed various stakeholder perspectives on gene editing without offering personal opinions. In interpretation skill analysis, ChatGPT excelled in medical considerations but selectively addressed ethical concerns, omitting some aspects. Legal considerations were lacking, as ChatGPT failed to determine if specific reasons for gene editing align with legal codes or identify the relevant legal bodies for approval. While ChatGPT could be a promising an educational tool and ethical decision support system for CRISPR Cas9, ongoing refinement and development are essential. This will maximize its utility in assisting both the general public and professionals in navigating the complexities of gene editing technology.
Pharmacometabolomic Modulation of Biomarkers and Analytical Challenges in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy.
Khokhar M, Yadav D, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205223 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Zerumbone Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of A2058 Melanoma stem-like Cells by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species, Causing G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, and Controlling the Expression of Genes Linked to Metastasis.
Ostadi A, Vahedi MM, Abbasinezhad-Moud F … +6 more , Metanat Y, Qoorchi Moheb Seraj F, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Ferns GA, Bahrami A
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205222 · Full text
The anticancer properties of Zerumbone, derived from the Zingiberaceae, is attracting increasing interest. Melanomas are the type of skin cancer associated with a high mortality, and current treatments have poor efficacy...
The anticancer properties of Zerumbone, derived from the Zingiberaceae, is attracting increasing interest. Melanomas are the type of skin cancer associated with a high mortality, and current treatments have poor efficacy. This current research assesses the potential of Zerumbone to inhibit some of the malignant characteristics exhibited in the human melanoma cell line, A2058, in vitro. The Resazurin assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and wound healing assay and gelatin zymography was applied to investigate migration and MMP-2 and - 9 activities. Gene expression levels associated with cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and the spread of cancer cells were measured using qRT-PCR. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry, while the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells was quantified using fluorimetry. Zerumbone exhibited more cytotoxicity against melanoma cells than normal L929 and HFF cells. Zerumbone reduced the mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 and MITF while boosting NME-1. Zerumbone also caused G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle. Zerumbone increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and the levels of p53 gene expression, inducing apoptosis in A2058 cells. Zerumbone was found to reduce the secretion and functionality of MMP-2. Zerumbone also enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed the ROS-induced cytotoxicity on A2058 cells. The co-administration of Zerumbone with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) enhanced cell viability whilst reducing the generation of ROS induced by Zerumbone. Furthermore, Zerumbone enhanced the efficacy of Dacarbazine, a chemotherapeutic medication. Thus, Zerumbone has potential as a practical approach to battle melanoma, either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with Dacarbazine. However, more pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to investigate its efficacy.
Elevated Oxidized LDL Level is Associated with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) High-Risk Prediction Algorithm: A Preliminary Study.
Orem A, Bilgin B, Altuntas S … +4 more , Ozer Yaman S, Balaban Yucesan F, Yaman H, Orem C
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205221 · Full text
Estimation of cardiovascular (CV) individual risk over a 10 year period was provide benefit most from preventive action in individual at high risk of CVD, and it evaluated by SCORE2 predictive model. Oxidative stress pla...
Estimation of cardiovascular (CV) individual risk over a 10 year period was provide benefit most from preventive action in individual at high risk of CVD, and it evaluated by SCORE2 predictive model. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in all stages of atherosclerosis. It was examined the relationship between oxidative stress and SCORE2, and to investigate whether one of the oxidative stress parameters may represent a potential risk marker permitting more accurate high-risk prediction for CV risk calculation models. The study groups consisted of 71 coronary artery disease (CAD)(-) patients (27 normocholesterolemic and 44 hypercholesterolemic) and 12 CAD(+) patients. Ox-LDL, MDA, OSI, 3-NT, 8-OHdG, and total thiols were measured as oxidative stress parameters and TNF-α and IL-6 as inflammatory factors. The oxidative stress parameters were showed significant changes among study groups. ROC analysis identified ox-LDL levels as one of the highest values (AUC:0.998, < 0.001). ox-LDL exhibited the highest odds ratio at 1.68 (CI = 1.26-2.14) with SCORE2. ox-LDL levels increased significantly and gradually from the low- to high-risk groups of SCORE2 and exhibited the strongest correlation with SCORE2 (r = 0.48, < 0.001). We suggest that circulating ox-LDL levels may be considered as a candidate marker for more accurate high-risk prediction with SCORE2.
Influence of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) Gene Variations on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Rakhshanizade N, Sargazi S, Karajibani M … +4 more , Majidpour M, Karajibani A, Montazerifar F, Ghasemi M
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205220 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and an increase in inflammation markers, which are crucial in managing ovarian function. This study aimed to determine whe...
UNLABELLED: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and an increase in inflammation markers, which are crucial in managing ovarian function. This study aimed to determine whether gene variants are associated with PCOS risk. In total, 300 subjects were enrolled (150 patients with PCOS and 150 healthy individuals). Each subject's peripheral blood was collected for genomic DNAs isolation and biochemical assessments. After adjustment for BMI, codominant heterozygous [OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.27-0.77], codominant homozygous [OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.11-0.76], dominant [OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.23-0.65], and overdominant [OR = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.29-0.84] models of rs33932899, as well as the codominant homozygous [OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.10-0.69], dominant [OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.34-0.89], and recessive [OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.12-0.87] genetic patterns of rs243327 were significantly associated with decreased PCOS risk. On the contrary, codominant homozygous [OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.20-4.78] and recessive [OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.14-3.87] modes of the rs33989964 variation increased PCOS risk (P-value < 0.05). Analysis of the interaction demonstrated that the GG/Del-Del/CC genotype combination of rs33932899/rs33989964/rs243327 significantly increased the risk of PCOS in our population [OR = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.72-13.49]. Furthermore, the GTGC and CDelC and CDelT haplotypes were associated with the risk of PCOS ( = 0.007, < 0.001 and = 0.012 respectively). A significant difference has also been observed between cases carrying GG + GC genotypes of rs33932899 regarding fasting blood sugar levels (P-value < 0.05). The rs33989964 variation increased PCOS risk, while both rs33932899 and rs243327 variants conferred protection against PCOS in our population. Additional research on various racial groups is needed to determine if these variations contribute to PCOS, a complicated hormonal disorder with multiple factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01248-2.
Clinical Validation and Comparative Study Between the KDIGO 2012 AKI Criteria and the AACC Guidance Document 2020.
Bhat L, Das B
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205219 · Full text
Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly acute renal failure (ARF), is characterized by a sudden deterioration in renal function, evidenced by a reversible increase in nitrogenous waste products, like serum creatinine and blo...
Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly acute renal failure (ARF), is characterized by a sudden deterioration in renal function, evidenced by a reversible increase in nitrogenous waste products, like serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) over hours to weeks. Up to 15% of hospitalized patients experience these episodes, often leading to complications and mortality. To standardize AKI clinical practice and research, various classifications exist including the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) (now known as Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM)) guidance document which address biological and assay variability. This study compares two AKI identification criteria the KDIGO 2012 and 20/20 AACC AKI criteria. Two AKI flagging algorithms were developed based on the identification criteria and AKI was flagged for both respectively. AACC diagnostic criteria demonstrate superior performance compared to the KDIGO criteria across matrices including sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value. AACC exhibit a lower false positive rate and false negative rate compared to KDIGO. These findings underscore the practical advantages of the AACC Guidance Document over KDIGO. Additionally, the need for a nephrology consultation to identify AKI was highlighted ( < 0.0001). This study is the first attempt to create and implement algorithms based on both KDIGO 2012 guidelines and AACC 20/20 guidance document to facilitate early diagnosis and timely intervention for management of Acute Kidney Injury in India. The efficacy of the algorithms was tested and compared with data validated by a nephrologist.
Capsicum in Clinical Biochemistry: Insights into its Role in Health and Disease.
Faisal AF, Mustafa YF
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205218 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Members of the Solanaceae family, also known as peppers, widely celebrate the culinary and medicinal significance of spp. These peppers, which range from sweet bell to fiery chili peppers, are rich in bioact...
UNLABELLED: Members of the Solanaceae family, also known as peppers, widely celebrate the culinary and medicinal significance of spp. These peppers, which range from sweet bell to fiery chili peppers, are rich in bioactive compounds such as capsaicin, carotenoids, flavonoids, and essential vitamins (A, C, and E). This review explores the diverse nutritional profile of spp. and their therapeutic potential, particularly in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This study uses a lot of data from different databases from 2015 to 2025 to show how spp. and their main phytochemicals can help fight cancer, inflammation, bacteria, and other harmful microbes. Important discoveries show that capsaicin, a bioactive alkaloid, controls metabolism, boosts immune function, and lowers oxidative stress, showing that it can help prevent diseases. Additionally, the nutritional richness of spp., including their vitamins and minerals, contributes to overall health and vitality. The antimicrobial potential of these peppers against bacterial and fungal pathogens further enhances their appeal in both medicinal and food applications. The review stresses the usefulness of bioactive compounds derived from spp. in functional foods and medicine. These compounds not only promise advancements in chronic disease management but also open avenues for innovative applications in these two fields. Future research aimed at optimizing the use of pepper-derived phytochemicals can help harness their full health-enhancing potential. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-025-01317-0.
Development of Panel of Three-Dimensional Biomarkers to Identify Gastric Carcinoma and Precancerous Lesions of the Stomach - An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.
Karra S, Sinduja R, Gurushankari B … +8 more , Elamurugan TP, Mahalakshmy T, Kate V, Nanda N, Rajesh NG, Rajeswari M, Raj R, Shankar G
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205217 · Full text
Serological biomarkers have a predictive potential for gastric cancer (GC) and can be classified into three dimensions: stomach-specific biomarkers, GC-related environmental factors, and cancer-associated biomarkers. Inf...
Serological biomarkers have a predictive potential for gastric cancer (GC) and can be classified into three dimensions: stomach-specific biomarkers, GC-related environmental factors, and cancer-associated biomarkers. Inflammation impacts multiple serum markers, and relying on a single marker limits diagnostic accuracy. Combining multiple predictive markers improves GC detection. This study aimed to assess the association and combined diagnostic accuracy of a three-dimensional biomarkers panel in GC patients. Eligible patients were recruited into three groups: GC, precancerous conditions/lesions, and controls. The primary outcome was to assess the association and diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional biomarkers in identifying GC and precancerous conditions/lesions. The panel constituted stomach-specific markers (Pepsinogen I, Pepsinogen II, Pepsinogen I & II ratio, Trefoil factor 3, Gastrin 17), GC-related environmental factors (Blood Group Antigen Binding Adhesin A, IgG), and cancer-associated biomarkers (Carbohydrate Antigen 19.9, Carbohydrate Antigen 125 and Osteopontin). A total of 228 patients, 76 in each group, were enrolled. The combination of all three-dimensional biomarkers showed a high discriminatory ability for diagnosing GC with AUC of 0.938, sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 81.6% and precancerous conditions/lesions with AUC 0.951, sensitivity 93.4%, specificity 92.1%. Among the three-dimensional biomarkers, the combination of TFF3, and CA125 demonstrated a high sensitivity in identifying GC, while the combination of PGI, , and CA125 exhibited the highest sensitivity in identifying precancerous conditions/lesions. These results emphasize that combined three-dimensional biomarkers showed good discrimination and could be used as a screening panel for diagnosing GC and precancerous conditions/lesions.
Upregulates Notch Signaling Pathway Genes and Increases Cell Migration in Gastric Cancers.
Ghazvini H, Forghanifard MM, Zarrinpour V … +1 more , Mirkalantari S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205216 · Full text
Gastric cancer, faced different therapeutic imperfections such as chemoresistance, dangerous side effects, and non-specificity of the treatments. Our aim in the present study was to investigate the potential of the Enhan...
Gastric cancer, faced different therapeutic imperfections such as chemoresistance, dangerous side effects, and non-specificity of the treatments. Our aim in the present study was to investigate the potential of the Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) gene as a therapeutic target through analyzing its role in cell migration and regulation of Notch signaling pathway in gastric cancer. The overexpression and silencing studies of gene were performed in MKN-45 and AGS gastric cancer cell lines using pCMV3-ORF-HA and RNAi-Ready pSIREN-RetroQ Retroviral vectors, respectively. The cell migration was assessed using wound healing and closure assays. The effect of EZH2 overexpression and silencing on the Notch signaling pathway was evaluated using real-time PCR. The EZH2 expression was directly correlated with the increased rate of cell migration. Furthermore, increased expression of the majority of the Notch signaling pathway genes including , , , , , , and in MKN-45 and AGS cells. EZH2, as an upstream regulator, enhances the cell migration capacity and modulate expression of Notch signaling pathway gene in gastric cancer. EZH2 may be considered as a proper target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Influence of Serum Chemerin Levels and RARRES Gene Polymorphism rs17173608 on Severity of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Mohammed FB, Senthilkumar GP, Jayashree K … +1 more , Parameswaran S
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205215 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The adipokine, Chemerin is known to be elevated in Type 2 diabetes. But its significance in diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Since Chemerin gene variants may contribute to the inflammatory state in diabetic c...
UNLABELLED: The adipokine, Chemerin is known to be elevated in Type 2 diabetes. But its significance in diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Since Chemerin gene variants may contribute to the inflammatory state in diabetic complications, our study investigated the association of Chemerin polymorphism rs17173608 with the risk of DN and evaluate its role in the severity of nephropathy. 100 apparently healthy (controls) and 100 diabetic nephropathy (cases) participants were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Estimated GFR was calculated. Chemerin was estimated in serum by sandwich immunoassay. Genotyping for rs17173608 was performed in blood leukocyte DNA using TaqMan 5'alleleic discrimination assay. In the cases, genotype distributions were 60% (TT), 29% (TG), and 11% (GG) while in the controls, genotype distributions were 69% (TT), 22% (TG), and 9% (GG). Genotype and allele frequencies of the Chemerin SNP rs17173608 did not differ between the cases and controls. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant protective association of TG genotype with risk of diabetic nephropathy. Chemerin and Insulin levels in cases were significantly higher than in the controls, but did not show any correlation with eGFR. The chemerin gene polymorphism rs17173608 was not associated with the risk of Diabetic Nephropathy. However, the TG genotype showed a protective association against disease severity. Significant elevations of serum chemerin and insulin are observed in diabetic nephropathy patients, and may need further studies to unravel the molecular links in nephropathy pathogenesis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01241-9.
Assessment of Circulating Cell Free DNA Methylation Biomarker of Panel of Selected Genes for Lung Cancer Detection.
Karpathak S, Garg R, Ahmad MK … +4 more , Srivastava A, Qidwai T, Ubaid S, Srivastav AK
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205214 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Lung cancer (LC) is a well-known cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early diagnosis of LC is an unmet need to improve the treatment response. In present study, we have analyzed the promoter methylation...
UNLABELLED: Lung cancer (LC) is a well-known cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early diagnosis of LC is an unmet need to improve the treatment response. In present study, we have analyzed the promoter methylation of a panel of genes in LC tissue and established tissue mirror biomarkers in plasma-derived circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The mRNA expression of panel of genes ( and ) were analyzed in tumor tissue (TT) including Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) as compared to tumor-free tissue (TF) and correlated with gene promoter methylation in tissue-derived gDNA using methylation-specific PCR. The methylation analysis of genes were further analyzed in plasma-derived cfDNA of NSCLC and SCLC compared to healthy control. The methylation frequencies of and were significantly higher ( < 0.05 to < 0.001) in TT (59.45, 45.94 and 72.97%) compared to TF (21.42, 14.28 to 28.57%) respectively. Gene expressions in TT were down-regulated ( < 0.01) in contrast to TF and negatively correlated ( < 0.001) with hypermethylation, except which showed up-regulation with hypomethylation in TT of NSCLC. The methylation status in cfDNA exploits similar results as tissue sample, exhibited significant hypermethylation ( ≤ 0.05 to ≤ 0.001) in cfDNA of LC as compared to healthy control, and showed 58.33 to 76.47% positive predictive value and 51.47 to 66.33% negative predictive value. This study illustrated that gene promoter methylation analysis of the panel of genes in plasma samples has the potential for diagnosis of LC, and can be used as a tissue mirror biomarker. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-024-01255-3.
The Increase of Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Heart Failure is Related to Disease Severity and Cardiac Mortality.
Gonda J, Aaddi N, Ahn S … +2 more , Rousseau M, Gruson D
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205213 · Full text
Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening syndrome with high prevalence and mortality rates. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is increased in HF and it has been related to adverse outcomes in cardi...
Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening syndrome with high prevalence and mortality rates. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is increased in HF and it has been related to adverse outcomes in cardiorenal diseases. We assessed suPAR concentrations in HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and its relation with disease severity and cardiac biomarkers. We measured suPAR plasma concentrations in 93 patients with either ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy (73 males, 20 females, mean age 65 years) by using an ELISA assay. Based on predefined cut-offs, patients were stratified into low- (< 4 ug/L), medium- (4-6 ug/L), and high-risk (> 6 ug/L) groups. Circulating levels of other cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP, Galectin-3, and ST2) were determined with immunoassays. The mean suPAR concentration was 6.00 ug/L. The mean suPAR value was 4.40 ug/L, 6.92 ug/L, and 6.93 ug/L in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) II, III, and IV classes, respectively. 57% of patients died from adverse cardiovascular events. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in low- to high-risk groups was 23%, 22.97%, and 22.49%, respectively. Significant and positive relationships were observed with NT-proBNP, Galectin-3, and ST2. The mean suPAR concentration was on the cut-off line between medium- and high-risk groups. SuPAR values in NYHA II were lower than in NYHA III and IV. There was no correlation between the decrease of LVEF and the suPAR concentrations. Testing for suPAR could represent a novel risk stratification biomarker for HFrEF as well as a novel potential target to evaluate treatment efficiency.
Role of Vitamin-E as a Vital Nutrient in Health and Diseases.
Fatima G, Dzupina A, Mahdi AA … +3 more , Fedacko J, Magomedova A, Yousif NG
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42205212 · Full text
Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant properties, has been studied extensively for its potential health benefits, particularly in mitigating skin and overall health complications. The skin serves as a crucial barrier agai...
Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant properties, has been studied extensively for its potential health benefits, particularly in mitigating skin and overall health complications. The skin serves as a crucial barrier against environmental stressors and oxidative damage. Vitamin E, comprising tocopherols and tocotrienols, acts as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals that contribute to skin aging, inflammation, and diseases. Studies have demonstrated that Vitamin E supplementation can enhance skin health by protecting against UV-induced damage, improving moisture retention, and promoting wound healing. These effects are attributed to its ability to stabilize cell membranes and modulate inflammatory responses, thereby supporting skin integrity and function. Beyond dermatological benefits, Vitamin E supplementation shows promise in improving overall health outcomes. Research suggests that Vitamin E may reduce cardiovascular risk by inhibiting oxidative modification of lipoproteins and enhancing endothelial function. Moreover, it has been associated with potential benefits in neuroprotection, immune modulation, and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and arthritis. These systemic effects are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to cellular health and function. However, the effectiveness of Vitamin E supplementation can vary based on several factors, including dosage, formulation, and individual health status. High doses of Vitamin E, in particular, have raised concerns regarding adverse effects and interactions with medications. Therefore, careful consideration of dosage and monitoring of health outcomes are essential in clinical settings. In conclusion, Vitamin E supplementation holds promise in ameliorating skin and health complications through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. While evidence supports its beneficial effects on skin integrity, wound healing, and systemic health markers, further research is warranted to elucidate optimal dosage regimens and long-term safety profiles. Clinicians and researchers alike should continue to explore Vitamin E's potential in personalized medicine approaches, aiming to optimize health outcomes while minimizing risks associated with supplementation. This paper will elucidate the multifaceted role of Vitamin E in promoting skin health and overall well-being, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic adjunct in dermatology, cancer, infertility, heart diseases and preventive medicine. Future research endeavors should focus on refining supplementation protocols and expanding our understanding of Vitamin E's mechanisms of action across various health conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 Associated Impact on Reproductive Health: A Global Perspective.
Kalsi P, Aggarwal N, Shukla KK … +4 more , Sharma J, Goyal G, Prasad R, Sharma H
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41834940 · Full text
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan in December 2019, and emerged as a considerable global pandemic threat, with serious impact on different aspects of people's h...
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan in December 2019, and emerged as a considerable global pandemic threat, with serious impact on different aspects of people's health and lives. Though, the disease is no longer considered a global emergency, its potential risks for long-term reproductive health remain a concern. Various guidelines and precautionary measures such as suspension of non-essential medical services were adopted for the containment of this deadly virus. Although such restrictions were proven to be an effective tool in preventing the spread of novel coronavirus, however, this has also negatively impacted society, including infertile couples undergoing fertility treatment. During the period of the pandemic, females experienced changes in menstrual cycles, thyroid dysfunction, and stress-associated loss in libido and other related sexual dysfunctions, leading to consequential effects on their reproductive and mental health. The SARS-CoV-2-associated defects are not only limited to female reproductive dysfunction rather the male reproductive organs were found to be equally impacted by this SARS-CoV-2 virus. The expression of ACE2 in the male reproductive count is a major factor for significant alterations observed in male reproductive function. In this current article, we have focused on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on reproductive health, and the challenges of assisted reproductive technology (ART) during the pandemic outbreak.
Secretion of IL-6 and TGF-β2 by Colon Cancer Cells May Promote Resistance to Chemotherapy.
Sritharan S, Sivalingam N
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41834939 · Full text
Colon rectal cancer still stands as the third most common form of cancer worldwide. 90% of colorectal cancer failure is attributed to the development of chemoresistance. In this study, we have investigated the influence...
Colon rectal cancer still stands as the third most common form of cancer worldwide. 90% of colorectal cancer failure is attributed to the development of chemoresistance. In this study, we have investigated the influence of chemokine IL-6 and growth factor TGF-β2 on dox resistance development. HT-29 (benign, Duke's stage B, colon adenocarcinoma with smad4 mutation) and Colo205 (metastatic, Duke's stage C, colon adenocarcinoma with smad4 mutation) were treated with increasing concentrations of doxorubicin for 7-days to induce resistance in the presence or absence of TGF-β2 ligand. The media after each treatment was collected and the level of secretory IL-6 was evaluated through ELISA. The media was concentrated, and isoforms of TGF-β2 were immunoprecipitated. We report that over the 7-day treatment period, an increase in IL-6 expression was observed upon treatment and the expression pattern varied based on the cancer stage. Similarly, differently expressed glycosylated forms of TGF-β2 secretion was observed with Colo205 cells while only low glycosylated form was observed in HT-29 cell line. Further analysis into the molecular mechanism could shed light on the possible role of IL-6 and TGF-β2 secretion as molecular markers for resistance development in colon cancer cells.
Evaluation of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.
Sengul-Bag F, Paydas-Hataysal E, Korez MK … +4 more , Guler EM, Kiskac M, Kayatas K, Vatansev H
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41834938 · Full text
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a usually asymptomatic endocrine disorder characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal free thyroxine (fT4) levels. The kynurenine pathway is activated during...
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a usually asymptomatic endocrine disorder characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal free thyroxine (fT4) levels. The kynurenine pathway is activated during inflammation, and several of its metabolites have been proposed as potential biomarkers in inflammatory diseases. This study aims to understand the pathophysiology of the disease by investigating changes in the metabolism of kynurenine in patients with SCH and evaluating the potential of these metabolites as biomarkers. The study included 44 patients diagnosed with SCH in the endocrinology clinic and 35 healthy volunteers. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. TSH, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibody levels were significantly higher in the SCH group than in the control group ( < 0.05). Tryptophan (TRP) levels were significantly lower in the SCH group, while kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKYN) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) levels were significantly higher ( < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, the KYNA/TRP ratio (AUC: 0.827, 95% CI 0.737-0.917) had the highest discriminatory power to distinguish individuals with SCH, followed by 3-HAA/TRP (AUC: 0.758, 95% CI 0.655-0.862), KYNA/kynurenine (KYN) (AUC: 0.718, 95% CI 0.604-0.833) and TRP (AUC: 0.713, 95% CI 0.594-0.833). 3-HKYN showed the highest value with a sensitivity of 86%, while the KYNA/TRP ratio stood out with a specificity of 97%. The KYNA/TRP ratio may serve as a potential biomarker candidate for SCH. The interaction of kynurenine metabolism with inflammatory processes may play a role in the development of SCH. These findings suggest that alterations in the kynurenine pathway may contribute to the pathophysiology of SCH and help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
Blockchain in Clinical Chemistry: from Hype to Clinical and Operational Value.
Mitra P, Gupta S, Sharma P
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41834937 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Linoleic Acid Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation and Redox Imbalance During Aging in Wistar Rats.
Srivastava P, Verma AK, Singh A … +2 more , Kumar R, Rizvi SI
Indian J Clin Biochem · 2026 Apr · PMID 41834936 · Full text
Aging is the result of the accumulation of a variety of cellular and molecular damage over time. The oxidative stress-induced functional impairments are known to be the cause of age-related deficits. This study aimed to...
Aging is the result of the accumulation of a variety of cellular and molecular damage over time. The oxidative stress-induced functional impairments are known to be the cause of age-related deficits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Linoleic acid (LA) supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in blood of young and old rats. Male rats in young and old groups were divided randomly into four distinct groups (n = 6). Group I: Young Control, Group II: Young Treated, Group III: Old Control, Group IV: Old Treated. Group II and IV were administered with LA (5 mg/kg body weight) orally via gavage for 28 days. After completion of the experimental protocol, rats were sacrificed and parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were determined. Results show a significant ( ≤ 0.05) decrease in the level of Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma and Plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) in RBCs and there was up-regulation in the levels of Intracellular ROS, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), Protein carbonyl oxidation (PCO), Inflammatory cytokines: CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, COX and LOX in old rats when compared to young rats. After treatment with LA significant ( ≤ 0.05) increase in the level of FRAP, PMRS, GSH, SOD and CAT was reported and a significant decrease in the level of ROS, MDA, PCO, AOPP and inflammatory cytokines. The findings substantiate the putative role of LA in maintaining redox homeostasis in blood and preventing increase in inflammatory markers in blood.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe