Photodiagnosis And Photodynamic Therapy[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Explainable Multimodal Retinal Optical Imaging for Clinical Parkinson's Disease Classification Using Fundus Photography and OCT-Derived Features.
Ganji Z, Nikparast F, Shoeibi N … +4 more , Shoeibi A, Hoseinkhani M, Hashemi SM, Zare H
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jul · PMID 42402315 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Retinal optical imaging offers a non-invasive photodiagnostic window into neurodegenerative disease. We evaluated whether bilateral fundus photographs, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)-derived quantitative...
BACKGROUND: Retinal optical imaging offers a non-invasive photodiagnostic window into neurodegenerative disease. We evaluated whether bilateral fundus photographs, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)-derived quantitative retinal features, and leakage-controlled structured variables can support participant-level Parkinson's disease classification. METHODS: De-identified bilateral fundus photographs, OCT-derived quantitative retinal features, and structured tabular data were obtained from the Persian Cohort at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Diagnosis, medication status, UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) total scores, and all UPDRS item/severity-related variables were excluded from all predictive inputs before modeling. Three participant-level branches were evaluated: tabular-only, image-only Siamese EfficientNetV2-B1, and Fundus + Tabular FiLM (Feature-wise Linear Modulation) fusion. Evaluation used subject-level splitting, out-of-fold calibration, frozen thresholds, and additional shuffled-conditioning and image-ablated controls to assess the FiLM pathway. RESULTS: In branch-specific held-out evaluation, the leakage-guarded tabular-only branch achieved ROC-AUC = 0.728 and PR-AUC = 0.194, the image-only fundus branch achieved ROC-AUC = 0.826 and PR-AUC = 0.527, and the Fundus + Tabular FiLM fusion branch achieved ROC-AUC = 0.845 and PR-AUC = 0.702 with calibrated Brier score = 0.030. At the frozen fusion threshold (0.143), sensitivity was 0.795 and specificity was 0.800. Shuffled-conditioning and image-ablated/FiLM-only controls reduced performance (ROC-AUC = 0.781 and 0.612, respectively), supporting dependence on aligned image-context integration. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral fundus images, OCT-derived quantitative retinal features, and leakage-controlled structured tabular variables supported participant-level PD classification in this single-center case-control cohort. The findings should be interpreted as preliminary classification results, not prospective risk stratification, and require age-controlled, externally validated evaluation before clinical translation.
The Combination of 1064nm Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser and ALA-PDT for Phymatous Rosacea.
Ping D, Chenglong H, Xian J
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401359 · Publisher ↗
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Among its four subtypes, phymatous rosacea predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly men and is characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of both fibrous tissue an...
Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Among its four subtypes, phymatous rosacea predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly men and is characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of both fibrous tissue and sebaceous glands of the nose. The visible manifestation is often considered a disfigurement and the accompanying social stigma often cause serious emotional and physical impact. In this article, we describe a combination therapy of a 1064nm Nd:YAG laser (Sichuan Aerospace World Guidance Co., Ltd.; fiber core diameter: 0.6 mm; laser energy: 100-200 mJ) and ALA-PDT (20% 5-aminolevulinic acid: Fudan Zhangjiang Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China and red light: Sigma, 635 nm wavelength, 60-80 mW/cm² irradiation energy for 15-20 minutes). This combined regimen achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes with minimal adverse effects, including little bleeding and a low risk of postoperative infection. Furthermore, it facilitated convenient postoperative home care for the patient.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetic and Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review.
Rastkar S, Eftekharian S
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42373001 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication frequently observed in diabetic patients and individuals undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Diabetic peripheral neur...
BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication frequently observed in diabetic patients and individuals undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) significantly impair quality of life and may adversely affect oral health and daily functioning. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of peripheral neuropathy, with particular focus on DPN and CIPN in cancer patients. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Relevant English-language studies investigating PBMT in peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, nerve regeneration, biomarkers, and quality of life outcomes were included. RESULTS: Current evidence suggests that PBMT may reduce neuropathic pain, improve nerve conduction, enhance sensory function, and improve quality of life in patients with DPN and CIPN. PBMT has also demonstrated beneficial effects on neurobiological biomarkers, including calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuron-specific enolase. In addition, its anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial regulatory effects may contribute to nerve regeneration and tissue repair. CONCLUSION: PBMT represents a promising non-invasive therapeutic strategy for peripheral neuropathy management in diabetic individuals and cancer patients. Although available evidence supports its safety and clinical efficacy, further large-scale randomized clinical trials are required to standardize treatment protocols and clarify long-term outcomes.
Adaptive Contour Prediction in Postoperative OCT Imaging Using Domain-Adaptive Generative Adversarial Networks.
Liu S, Wang K, Wu X … +7 more , Xu F, Zhou Y, Cen H, Zhang H, Liang P, Chen Y, Lu X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42365912 · Publisher ↗
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing ophthalmic diseases. This study introduces a domain-adaptive generative adversarial network (DaCGAN) to predict postoperative OCT contours fro...
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing ophthalmic diseases. This study introduces a domain-adaptive generative adversarial network (DaCGAN) to predict postoperative OCT contours from preoperative images, addressing the challenges of limited paired data and incomplete contour structures. DaCGAN integrates data from different diseases and employs preoperative contours to enhance prediction accuracy. Experimental results on Diabetic Macular Edema and Retinal Vein Occlusion datasets demonstrate the superiority of DaCGAN over existing methods, with improvements in SSIM, MSE, and PSNR metrics. Our approach offers a cost-effective solution for postoperative image prediction, potentially benefiting clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.
Efficacy of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy in managing herpes simplex virus: A systematic review of clinical studies.
Amiri P, Kalhori KA, Hazrati P … +1 more , Fekrazad R
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42364795 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are a common clinical concern, often requiring effective antiviral treatments. Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained attention as a potential adjunct to c...
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are a common clinical concern, often requiring effective antiviral treatments. Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained attention as a potential adjunct to conventional therapies for managing HSV outbreaks. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aPDT in treating HSV infections. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science online databases were systematically searched for relevant studies on July 2025. Healing time was considered as the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included lesion size, viral load, and patient-reported outcomes. Clinical studies evaluating efficacy of aPDT against other therapeutic approaches with at least 10 patients were considered eligible. Quality appraisal of the included studies was conducted using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). In addition, the certainty of evidence was assessed with a modified version of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework adapted for reviews without quantitative synthesis. RESULTS: aPDT monotherapy demonstrated clinical outcomes comparable to conventional antiviral therapy, with reductions in viral load and edema but limited superiority in clinical healing parameters. In contrast, adjunctive use of aPDT with antiviral therapy consistently improved pain, inflammatory markers, viral load, healing outcomes, and recurrence rates compared with either treatment alone. CONCLUSION: aPDT appears to be an effective adjunctive therapy for HSV infections, but further high-quality studies are necessary to refine treatment protocols and confirm its clinical benefits.
Optical assessment of ocular blood flow in laser-treated diabetic retinopathy: An ocular pulse amplitude analysis.
Özen S, Atabey Özer M, Gök M … +1 more , Avunduk AM
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42364794 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Non-invasive optical assessment of ocular blood flow has gained increasing importance in evaluating vascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA), an optical parameter deri...
BACKGROUND: Non-invasive optical assessment of ocular blood flow has gained increasing importance in evaluating vascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Ocular pulse amplitude (OPA), an optical parameter derived from continuous intraocular pressure recording, reflects pulsatile choroidal blood flow and may serve as an accessible hemodynamic biomarker in DR. This study aimed to evaluate OPA as an optical indicator of ocular hemodynamic changes in laser-treated and untreated diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, OPA was measured using an optical tonometric device (Dynamic Contour Tonometer, Pascal, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems) in 150 eyes from 150 subjects: 50 with proliferative DR who had undergone panretinal photocoagulation (PDRP), 50 with non-proliferative DR without prior laser treatment (NPDRP), and 50 healthy controls. Systemic parameters, medication use, and ocular biometric data were recorded. Multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors of OPA. RESULTS: Mean OPA was significantly lower in PRP-treated PDRP eyes (2.6 ± 1.4 mmHg) than in NPDRP (3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg; mean difference -0.7 mmHg, 95% CI -1.2 to -0.2, p = 0.006) and controls (3.1 ± 1.0 mmHg; -0.5 mmHg, 95% CI -1.0 to -0.04, p = 0.040). PDRP stage (β=-0.44, p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (β=0.33, p < 0.001), and female sex (β=0.19, p = 0.028) independently predicted OPA (adjusted R²=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Optical assessment of OPA reveals significant hemodynamic alterations in PRP-treated proliferative DR eyes. The observed OPA reduction likely reflects the combined hemodynamic impact of advanced diabetic vascular pathology and PRP-induced choroidal changes. OPA may serve as a non-invasive optical parameter for monitoring ocular hemodynamic status in patients undergoing long-term PRP treatment.
Repeated low-level red-light therapy for childhood myopia: Efficacy, mechanisms, rebound effects, safety boundaries, and clinical standardization.
Wu X, Zhang B, Yu M … +2 more , He J, Luo H
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349599 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRL) has emerged as a promising ocular photobiomodulation strategy for childhood myopia control. Published randomized trials have reported substantial reductions in axia...
UNLABELLED: Repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRL) has emerged as a promising ocular photobiomodulation strategy for childhood myopia control. Published randomized trials have reported substantial reductions in axial elongation and refractive progression, and some studies have described apparent axial shortening during active treatment. However, the rapid clinical adoption of RLRL has raised important questions regarding mechanism, rebound after discontinuation, device-specific safety, and standardized clinical implementation. This structured narrative review summarizes current evidence on RLRL for childhood myopia, with emphasis on efficacy, biological plausibility, choroidal responses, rebound effects, retinal safety, device dosimetry, and regulatory considerations. The strongest mechanistic evidence in children supports rapid choroidal thickening and increased choroidal perfusion after RLRL, whereas mitochondrial photobiomodulation, dopamine signaling, and scleral remodeling remain biologically plausible but incompletely verified pathways. Follow-up studies have documented rebound axial elongation after treatment cessation, although cumulative benefits may partly persist. Clinical trial safety findings are generally reassuring, but case reports of retinal injury, transient optical coherence tomography (OCT) abnormalities, cone-level changes, and independent radiometric evaluations indicate that safety cannot be generalized across all red-light devices. RLRL should therefore be interpreted as a device-dependent intervention rather than a uniform treatment category. Future studies should prioritize independent multicenter trials, standardized radiometric reporting, masked retinal imaging review, long-term safety surveillance, and clinically practical protocols for treatment initiation, monitoring, and discontinuation. BACKGROUND: Repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRL) has become a prominent nonpharmacological approach for controlling childhood myopia progression, particularly in East Asia. The current clinical evidence includes randomized trials in children with established myopia, premyopia, and high myopia, as well as studies evaluating its adjunctive use with orthokeratology, accompanied by an expanding body of mechanistic and safety-related research. METHODS: This structured narrative review synthesized evidence on repeated low-level red-light therapy (RLRL) for childhood myopia from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus from database inception to May 22, 2026. Suggested search terms included combinations of "myopia," "child*," "premyopia," "red light," "low-level red light," "repeated low-level red-light," "photobiomodulation," "axial length," "spherical equivalent," "choroid," "safety," "retinal damage," "dosimetry," "radiometry," and "rebound." Reference lists of relevant reviews and key primary studies were manually screened to identify additional records. Priority was given to randomized clinical trials, prespecified follow-up studies, imaging-based mechanistic studies, laboratory safety evaluations, systematic reviews, and official regulatory or journal guidance. Because device parameters were incompletely reported in parts of the literature and the original working draft did not specify a reproducible search strategy, the present article is presented as a structured narrative review rather than a formal systematic review or meta-analysis. RESULTS: Short-term efficacy has been consistently favorable in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with several studies reporting substantially less axial elongation than spectacles or sham controls, and some even demonstrating measurable axial shortening. The strongest human mechanistic evidence points to rapid choroidal thickening and increased choroidal perfusion. Broader photobiomodulation biology supports mitochondrial and vascular hypotheses, whereas dopamine-mediated and scleral-remodeling pathways remain largely inferential. Rebound after treatment cessation has now been documented, particularly for axial length. Safety findings remain mixed: clinical trial data are generally reassuring, but isolated reports of retinal injury, transient OCT lesions, cone-density changes, and independent device-radiometry studies all suggest that caution remains necessary. CONCLUSIONS: RLRL may be among the most effective myopia-control strategies currently under investigation in the short term, but the field has not yet reached full clinical maturity. The existing evidence is geographically concentrated, device-specific safety validation remains incomplete, and the long-term boundaries of ocular safety are still uncertain. Therefore, clinical application should be standardized, guided by retinal imaging, and evaluated according to specific device parameters rather than generalized to all "red-light" products.
The efficacy of laser ablation combined with photodynamic therapy vs PDT for CIN2/3 in reproductive women: a prospective case-control study.
Kong D, Gao C, Li L … +6 more , Chen R, Ding Y, Lu M, Xing C, Li W, Yu N
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349598 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of laser ablation combined with photodynamic therapy (LA-PDT) versus PDT alone in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN2/3). METHODS: Patients diagnosed wit...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of laser ablation combined with photodynamic therapy (LA-PDT) versus PDT alone in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN2/3). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with CIN2/3 were enrolled and allocated to either the LA-PDT or the PDT group based on patients' choice. Pathological regression and human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance were compared at 12-month follow-up between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients in the LA-PDT group and 68 patients in the PDT group completed follow-up. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between the two groups. At the 12-month follow-up, both the pathological complete remission rate and HPV clearance rate were significantly higher in the LA-PDT group compared to the PDT group (98.7% vs. 86.4%, P < 0.05; 92.3% vs. 86.4%, P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the pre-treatment pathology of CIN3 was an independent risk factor for both lesion persistence and HPV persistence. Among the 111 patients with CIN2, the pathological complete remission rate was 98.2% and the HPV clearance rate was 95.5%. Among the 33 patients with CIN3, both the pathological complete remission rate and HPV clearance rate were significantly higher in the LA-PDT group than in the PDT group (94.1% vs. 56.3%, P < 0.05; 76.5% vs. 37.5%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LA-PDT for CIN2/3 demonstrates high efficacy and saves time and economic costs. The combined therapy shows significant advantages over PDT alone, particularly for patients with CIN3.
Simulation of an improved galilean telescope optical system for correction of moderate and high hyperopia.
Li G, Zhu C
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349597 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Moderate and high hyperopia is a common clinical refractive error that severely affects distant and near visual functions. Traditional correction relies on high-power positive spherical lenses, which are pron...
BACKGROUND: Moderate and high hyperopia is a common clinical refractive error that severely affects distant and near visual functions. Traditional correction relies on high-power positive spherical lenses, which are prone to problems such as thick lens thickness, heavy weight, poor wearing comfort, and limited visual correction effect, resulting in low wearing compliance and reduced life quality of patients. Existing telescopic correction devices have the defects of large volume and narrow imaging field of view, which cannot meet the needs of daily clinical correction. This study aims to construct an improved optical correction system based on the Galilean telescope principle, and explore a low-burden, high-efficiency novel correction scheme for moderate and high hyperopia. METHODS: Based on the afocal imaging theory of Galilean telescopes, a novel diopter-splitting optical structure was constructed with a zero-diopter air lens as the core component. The total diopter of hyperopic refractive error was decomposed and redistributed optically. A low-power positive lens was adopted to undertake the major correction of hyperopia, while the residual refractive diopter was matched with a negative eyepiece corresponding to the hyperopic degree. Combined with a positive spherical objective lens, the optical interval between lens groups was precisely optimized to form a compact Galilean telescopic correction system with the magnification limited within 2.0 × . Optical simulation was conducted to explore the quantitative relationships among optical magnification, system structural size, imaging distortion and field of view, so as to determine the optimal wearable structural parameters for clinical application. RESULTS: The proposed novel optical system can effectively correct moderate and high hyperopia merely by using low-power positive lenses, which completely eliminates the clinical drawbacks of traditional high-power lenses such as excessive thickness and heavy weight. When the magnification is controlled within the range of 1.2 × -1.5 ×, the system features an ultra-compact structure, excellent wearability, wide imaging field of view and negligible optical distortion. Excessively high magnification (over 2.0 ×) will greatly narrow the peripheral visual field, reduce the effective imaging area, and significantly weaken the practical wearable value of the device. Reasonable low magnification can effectively magnify retinal images, relieve blurred vision caused by refractive defocus, and alleviate long-term visual fatigue in hyperopic patients. CONCLUSION: The improved Galilean telescopic correction system realizes innovative diopter-splitting correction for moderate and high hyperopia, breaking the limitations of traditional hyperopia correction lenses and conventional telescopic optical devices. The optimized low-magnification optical structure has the advantages of compact volume, wide field of view, low distortion and good wearing adaptability. It can effectively improve visual acuity and daily visual quality of patients with moderate and high hyperopia, and greatly enhance life satisfaction. This system has broad application prospects in clinical optometric correction and low-vision rehabilitation.
Comments on "Bibliometric analysis of exosomes in skin aging: Key trends and hotspots (2015-2024)" by Teng et al.
Ho YS, Christidis N
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349596 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Refined nursing improves pain control and treatment adherence in ALA- photodynamic therapy for vulvar condylomata acuminata.
Du L, Chen Y, Wang X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42341892 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) is a an established treatment for condylomata acuminata; however, its application to the vulvar region is frequently associated with significan...
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) is a an established treatment for condylomata acuminata; however, its application to the vulvar region is frequently associated with significant pain and localized tissue damage, which adversely affects patient tolerance and treatment adherence. AIMS: This study evaluated whether a refined nursing intervention could improve clinical outcomes compared with conventional nursing. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 55 female patients with vulvar condylomata acuminata treated with ALA-PDT. Patients were divided into refined nursing (n = 30) and conventional nursing (n = 25) groups. Primary outcomes were treatment interval, completion rate, lesion clearance, and HPV clearance. Secondary outcomes included pain scores (VAS), patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of lesion clearance. RESULTS: Compared to conventional nursing, the refined nursing group showed that treatment intervals significantly shortened (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 12.5 ± 2.2 days), completion rate increased (96.7% vs. 76.0%), HPV clearance became higher at 6 months (86.7% vs. 64.0%), and patients were more satisfactory (96.7% vs. 64.0%). Peak pain during treatment was significantly lower in the refined group (4.3 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 2.1). Receiving ≥3 treatment sessions was independently associated with lesion clearance. CONCLUSIONS: Refined nursing significantly shortens treatment intervals, reduces intra-procedural pain, improves treatment adherence, HPV clearance, and patient satisfaction. Completing three or more sessions is a key predictor of better efficacy.
Characteristics influencing visual outcomes of corneal topography-guided excimer laser keratectomy combined with corneal cross-linking for keratoconus.
Liu Z, Dai Z, Zhang H … +1 more , Chen Y
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42331080 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To identify preoperative predictive factors for visual outcomes of corneal topography-guided excimer laser keratectomy (TG-PRK) combined with corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconic eyes, and to expl...
PURPOSE: To identify preoperative predictive factors for visual outcomes of corneal topography-guided excimer laser keratectomy (TG-PRK) combined with corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in keratoconic eyes, and to explore potential thresholds of these factors for optimizing patient selection. METHODS: Keratoconic patients who underwent CXL combined with TG-PRK were enrolled and divided into the on-target group and off-target group based on the difference between the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at the last postoperative follow-up and the preoperative BSCVA. Preoperative parameters, including corneal topography (e.g., index of surface variance [ISV]), refraction (e.g., cylinder power), biomechanics, and aberrations, were compared between groups. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to identify independent predictors, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were applied to assess predictive efficacy and potential thresholds. RESULTS: A total of 107 participants (113 eyes) were enrolled, with 79 eyes in the on-target group and 34 eyes in the off-target group. GEE analysis showed that preoperative ISV (OR=1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.08, P = 0.038) and preoperative cylinder power (OR=1.72, 95% CI:1.13-2.60, P = 0.011) were independent predictors of visual response. ROC analysis demonstrated modest discriminative ability for both parameters (ISV: AUC=0.671, P = 0.004; cylinder power: AUC=0.670, P = 0.005). RCS analysis identified ISV>96.37 and preoperative cylinder power>4.25 D were associated with an increased risk of off-target visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ISV and cylinder power may help identify patients at increased risk of suboptimal BSCVA after TG-PRK-CXL. Further studies are required to validate these exploratory thresholds.
Long-term effects of repeated low-level red light therapy with or without defocus incorporated multiple segment lenses on axial length and fundus structural changes in children with myopia.
Ma N, Shi B, Wang D … +2 more , Peng Y, Jie H
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42315072 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term impacts of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) alone or combined with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses on axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (CT), and peripapill...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term impacts of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) alone or combined with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses on axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (CT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in myopic children. METHODS: In this two-year retrospective study conducted at Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2022 and April 2025, 49 children received combination treatment and 79 received RLRL therapy. Longitudinal changes of AL, subfoveal CT, and RNFL thickness were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: The AL change rate over 12 months was -0.014 mm/month (95% CI, -0.017 to -0.011) in the RLRL+DIMS group and -0.009 mm/month (95% CI, -0.011 to -0.006) in the RLRL-alone group (P = 0.002), with the between-group difference remaining significant at 24 months (P < 0.001). CT thickening was significantly greater in the combination group at both 12 months [5.51 μm/month (95% CI, 4.81 to 6.22) vs. 4.05 μm/month (95% CI, 3.54 to 4.57), P = 0.001] and 24 months [3.25 μm/month (95% CI, 2.88 to 3.62) vs. 2.34 μm/month (95% CI, 2.07 to 2.60), P < 0.001]. Temporal inferior (TI) RNFL thickness increased significantly in both groups at 12 months, with no significant intergroup difference. CONCLUSIONS: RLRL therapy, either alone or combined with DIMS lenses, was associated with AL shortening and CT thickening, which were more pronounced with DIMS lenses. RNFL TI thickening was observed during the first 12 months. These findings support the potential long-term utility of RLRL-based myopia control strategies.
Application of terahertz technology in oncology: A bibliometric study from 2001 to 2025.
Zhang Q, Mao H, Wang Z … +3 more , Xiao M, Li Z, Zhao X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309413 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Terahertz technology demonstrates significant potential in the diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer, promising a new approach to oncological research. There is no bibliometric analysis concerning teraher...
BACKGROUND: Terahertz technology demonstrates significant potential in the diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer, promising a new approach to oncological research. There is no bibliometric analysis concerning terahertz technology and cancer research at present. This study aims to systematically review the knowledge structure, and frontier trends in this field. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search for publications related to terahertz radiation and cancer in Web of Science database from 2001 to 2025. Bibliometric analysis was performed using visualization tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Origin, and the R package bibliometrix. RESULTS: A total of 774 publications were included in this study. Since 2001, the annual number of publications on terahertz technology and cancer research has continuously increased, with an average annual growth rate of 18.88%. China, India, and the United Kingdom ranked as the top three most productive countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was identified as the most productive institution in this field. Optics Express was the journal with the highest cumulative citation count. YAO JIANQUAN (China) and LIU LONGHAI (China) ranked highest in average citations per year among authors. The thematic map revealed that current research hotspots are focused on "terahertz", "design", and "sensor". Burst keywords detection indicated that "sensor", "design", and "metamaterial" have exhibited strong citation bursts and remain active in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis provides an important reference for understanding the overall development of terahertz technology applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study has identified potential research directions, offering valuable insights for scholars in this field.
Letter to the editor: Photodynamic therapy-assisted Mohs micrographic surgery for extramammary Paget's disease: A retrospective clinical study.
Luthfiyah S, Ismath M, Triwiyanto T … +1 more , Argianto A
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309412 · Publisher ↗
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Apical debris extrusion following photon-induced photoacoustic streaming, high-power laser, and other irrigation techniques: A systematic review.
de Assis HC, Salmon B, Alves Dos Santos GN … +4 more , Ramirez I, Sousa-Neto MD, Candemil AP, Lopes-Olhê FC
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309411 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To summarize, critically analyze, compare, and synthesize existing data on apical debris extrusion associated with sonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), apical negative pressure (ANP), high-po...
OBJECTIVE: To summarize, critically analyze, compare, and synthesize existing data on apical debris extrusion associated with sonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), apical negative pressure (ANP), high-power laser (HPL), and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), as well as conventional irrigation techniques (CIT). METHODS: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined based on the PICOS framework, including studies that assessed apical extrusion of debris using at least one of the following irrigation techniques: sonic, PUI, ANP, HPL, or PIPS. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science™ databases. Data were summarized, the risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN tool, and the certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. RESULTS: A total of 364 studies were identified, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies presented a low to moderate risk of bias, while the overall certainty of evidence was rated as very low. HPL and PIPS resulted in greater apical extrusion of debris compared to CIT. In contrast, ANP demonstrated less apical extrusion than CIT. The PUI and sonic techniques yielded mixed results, with some studies showing greater debris extrusion and others reporting comparable outcomes to CIT. CONCLUSION: While ANP was associated with less apical extrusion of debris, HPL and PIPS were found to increase debris extrusion relative to CIT. Both sonic and PUI techniques exhibited similar levels of extrusion to CIT.
Dual-function of proton irradiation enhances photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging via localized secondary electron generation at the bragg peak: a hypothesis.
Moloudi K, Sangsuwan T, Zanni V … +1 more , Haghdoost S
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309410 · Publisher ↗
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and proton therapy (PT) are established cancer treatment modalities, each characterized by distinct therapeutic advantages. PDT operates through the light-induced activation of photosensitizers...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and proton therapy (PT) are established cancer treatment modalities, each characterized by distinct therapeutic advantages. PDT operates through the light-induced activation of photosensitizers (PSs), resulting in the generation of oxygen-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediate cytotoxic effects, whereas PT provides highly conformal dose delivery in the centre of tumor with reduced irradiation of surrounding normal tissues. We hypothesize that proton irradiation may synergistically enhance PDT efficacy and fluorescence-guided imaging through proton-induced secondary electron production, increased PS excitation and ROS production, particularly within high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) regions near the Bragg peak. Following PDT, residual PS accumulated within the tumor may still be exposed to proton irradiation. At the Bragg peak, proton irradiation may therefore induce PDT-related effects through two complementary mechanisms. First, protons traveling through tissue generate Cherenkov radiation, which can excite PS molecules and promote the formation of ROS. Second, proton interactions produce abundant secondary electrons that can directly excite PSs, resulting in enhanced fluorescence emission. Emerging experimental evidence suggests that accelerated protons can directly activate PSs, increase Singlet oxygen (O₂) production, and amplify fluorescence signals, while the spatial confinement of proton dose minimizes background autofluorescence from surrounding tissues. Collectively, these mechanisms support a potential theranostic paradigm in which proton irradiation not only directly causes cytotoxic radiation damage but also potentiates photodynamic activity and imaging contrast. If validated, this concept could motivate further translational and clinical research toward the development of proton-activated PDT as an integrated strategy for improving tumor control while limiting collateral tissue damage. It should also be mentioned that proton irradiation is not biologically inert, and the known accumulation of PSs in normal tissues highlights the importance of improved tumor-to-normal tissue PS uptake ratios, optimization of treatment timing, and careful evaluation of off-target effects.
Reconsidering dysbiosis modulation in oral photobiomodulation therapy.
Zhan S, Dai B, Wang X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42297124 · Publisher ↗
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Predicting the onset of myopia in children and adolescents using artificial intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang Z, Ding S, Wang J … +1 more , Tang Y
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42285273 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been used to predict myopia onset, but results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate their performance. METHODS: We searched Pub...
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been used to predict myopia onset, but results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate their performance. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2026 for studies using AI to predict myopia onset. A random‑effects model pooled area under the curve (AUC). Risk of bias was assessed with PROBAST+AI, and evidence certainty with GRADE. RESULTS: Seven studies (24 models) were included. At one‑year follow‑up, the pooled AUC for the seven studies (optimal models) was 0.95 (95%CI:0.93-0.96, I²=89.2%), and for all 24 models it was 0.85 (95%CI:0.82-0.89, I²=99.2%). Traditional machine learning (pooled AUC=0.85) and deep learning (0.86) showed comparable discrimination, while prospective studies (0.96) outperformed retrospective ones (0.89). Heterogeneity was high in all analyses. GRADE quality was "low". CONCLUSIONS: AI models show promise for predicting adolescent myopia, but current studies suffer from high bias risk, lack of external validation, and regional imbalance. Their clinical utility remains uncertain, and future multicenter, externally validated cohort studies are needed.
Investigation of the Photobiomodulation Effects on Viability and Wound Healing Activity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC).
Abed-Lati N, Rajabbeigi E, Jouni FJ … +1 more , Dehnavi N
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42285272 · Publisher ↗
With recent advancements in stem cell-based therapeutic methods and novel techniques, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), a recognized safe approach with remarkable therapeutic potential, this study examined the cytotoxic...
With recent advancements in stem cell-based therapeutic methods and novel techniques, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), a recognized safe approach with remarkable therapeutic potential, this study examined the cytotoxic effects of laser irradiation and its impact on wound healing in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC were obtained from the Pasteur Institute and cultured under appropriate conditions. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed 24 and 48 h post-laser irradiation (660 and 980 nm) using the MTT assay. To evaluate cellular migration, a wound healing assay was performed, and images of the migration phase were captured. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the absorbance (570 nm) between the two time points (24 and 48 h) (p > 0.05). Additionally, imaging of cell migration at intervals of 0, 24, and 48 h demonstrated that while cell migration was observed in samples exposed to both 660 nm and 980 nm wavelengths, the most significant migration rate was noted at the 48-hour mark in samples treated with the 660 nm laser. These findings suggest that stimulation of cells with photobiomodulation can significantly enhance the wound healing activity of vascular endothelial cells, positioning it as a novel therapeutic method.
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