Kaibogaku Zasshi [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Gap junctional communication between the satellite cells of rat dorsal root ganglia.
Sakuma E, Wang HJ, Asai Y … +5 more , Tamaki D, Amano K, Mabuchi Y, Herbert DC, Soji T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494515
Many studies have described the ultrastructure of the dorsal root ganglia in various embryonic and adult animals, but in spite of the efforts of many investigators the functional role of the satellite cells in this tissu...
Many studies have described the ultrastructure of the dorsal root ganglia in various embryonic and adult animals, but in spite of the efforts of many investigators the functional role of the satellite cells in this tissue is not clearly understood. In this study, we discuss the function of this cell type based on the concept of cell-to-cell interaction through gap junctions. Five male 60 day-old Wistar strain rats were used. All animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital and perfused with glutaraldehyde fixative, then the dorsal root ganglia in levels L4, L5 and L6 were taken from each rat. After postosmication, the specimens were prepared for observation by transmission electron microscopy. All nerve cells were completely surrounded by satellite cell cytoplasmic expansions. The boundaries between adjacent nerve cells and satellite cells were complicated due to the presence of perikaryal projections of nerve cells. Gap junctions which showed the typical trilamellar structure of plasma membranes were found mainly between satellite cell processes belonging to the same nerve cell. On the other hand, some gap junctions were found between the satellite cell projections belonging to different nerve cells. The size of the gap junctions ranged from 300 to 400 nm. No gap junctions were associated with the plasma membrane of any nerve cell. In conclusion, only satellite cells can share free transcellular exchange of cytoplasmic molecules such as ions, amino acids, sugars and several second messengers including cAMP and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate by way of gap junctions in dorsal root ganglia.
Ureter duplication and polar renal arteries in the same case.
Turgut HB, Peker T, Anil A … +1 more , Karaköse M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494514
During cadaver dissection for student education in the anatomy laboratory of Gazi University Medical School, anomalies of the upper and lower polar artery were observed on the left kidney besides bilateral ureter duplica...
During cadaver dissection for student education in the anatomy laboratory of Gazi University Medical School, anomalies of the upper and lower polar artery were observed on the left kidney besides bilateral ureter duplication in a 65 year old male cadaver. On the right side the duplication was incomplete, starting from two separate renal pelvises, joining at the medial border of psoas major muscle and terminating as a single specify at the level of urine bladder. On the left side the duplication was complete. The ureters started from two different renal pelvises and terminated separately. In addition, two polar arteries were observed on the left kidney besides the normal renal artery in the same case. The upper polar artery arose just at the beginning of left renal artery and the lower one arose directly from the lateral wall of abdominal aorta. Due to the surgical and radiological significance of the variations they presented, we compared them with the other studies on this subject.
[Morphology and significance of the left portal vein in human].
Miyaki T, Sakai T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494513
The aberrant course of a left gastric vein directly entering the liver has been reported as the left portal vein in a few cases. The authors adopted the name of 'left portal vein' for this vein and gave a brief historica...
The aberrant course of a left gastric vein directly entering the liver has been reported as the left portal vein in a few cases. The authors adopted the name of 'left portal vein' for this vein and gave a brief historical summary of the left portal vein and its significance. The left gastric vein does not enter the gastropancreatic ligament from the lesser curvature, but the vein runs toward the liver alongside the hepatic ramus of vagus nerve in the hepatogastric ligament. The vein either joins the branch of the portal vein or supplies a small area of the liver after reaching the left side of the hepatic hilus. The left portal vein has already been described as the term of 'V. portae sinistra' in the bird. Many vascular vessels are found in the hepatogastric ligament. In this ligament the hepatic ramus of vagus nerve always runs toward the liver and the artery exists at a frequency of 30%. Either the left hepatic artery arising from a left gastric artery runs alongside the nerve in the ligament at a frequency of 20% or the accessory left gastric artery arising from a hepatic artery runs in a reverse direction at a frequency of 10%. Both arteries do not coexist. Moreover, the left gastric vein exits in the hepatogastric ligament in several cases and enters the liver as the left portal vein. Besides, an anastomosis of a portal vein with the renal vein rarely exists in front of the cardiac region of the ligament in cirrhosis. The aberrant left gastric vein is derived from the hepatic afferent vein through the hepatogastric ligament and exists as the left portal vein.
Protein expression and cell organelle behavior in spermatogenic cells.
Toshimori K, Yoshinaga K, Tanii I … +3 more , Wakayama T, Saxena DK, Ohoka T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494512
Spermatogenic cells stage-specifically produce a wide variety of proteins during spermatogenesis, wherein protein expression is coordinated with cell organelle behavior. It has been shown that the Golgi apparatus and the...
Spermatogenic cells stage-specifically produce a wide variety of proteins during spermatogenesis, wherein protein expression is coordinated with cell organelle behavior. It has been shown that the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are uniquely coordinated with the expression of an immunoglobulin super-family protein, flagellar plasma membrane MC31 (MC31/CE9), and a molecular chaperone, calmegin, respectively. When the Golgi apparatus begins to generate sperm components in the primary spermatocytes, it actively engages in producing proteins for the acrosome in round spermatids and for the flagellum in elongating spermatids. Structurally, the Golgi apparatus is reduced in size during meiotic division, moves from the apical to the basal region (cytoplasmic lobe) when spermatids differentiate from round to elongating phase, and then collapses in the late maturation phase. The ER is distributed uniformly over the entire cytoplasm of spermatocytes and round spermatids, and then moves distally toward the cytoplasmic lobe along the bundles of microtubule, called the manchette, in elongating spermatids. The ER is resorbed into the radial body in late maturation spermatids. MC31/CE9 expresses strong immunostaining twice on the Golgi apparatus during spermatogenesis, first in early pachytene spermatocytes and then in early elongating spermatids. Calmegin expression exactly parallels ER behavior. This mini-review focuses on the unique relationships in spermatogenic cells, particularly those between protein expression and cell organelle behavior.
[SEM study on the dorsal lingual surface of the nutria, Myocastor coypus].
Emura S, Tamada A, Hayakawa D … +2 more , Chen H, Shoumura S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398355
The dorsal lingual surface of prenatal and postnatal nutria was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform (Fi), fungiform (Fu), foliate (Fo) and vallate papillae (Va) were observed. The Fi differed in morp...
The dorsal lingual surface of prenatal and postnatal nutria was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform (Fi), fungiform (Fu), foliate (Fo) and vallate papillae (Va) were observed. The Fi differed in morphology by their location on the tongue and could be classified into 3 types: 1) conical, 2) long, and 3) short filiform papillae. The Fu were scattered among the Fi. Many Fo were observed on the posterolateral regions of the tongue. There were 2 Va separating the anterior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. The rudiments of Fu, Fo and Va were visible earlier than those of the Fi.
[Configuration of the liver segment observed in the frontal section including the origin of the left portal trunk at the hepatic hilum].
Nagaoka Y, Miyamoto S, Murakami G … +2 more , Hata F, Hirata K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398354
After preparing threparing the frontal section including the origin of the left portal trunk at the hepatic hilum, 60 human livers (35, entirely; 25, partly) were dissected to reveal segmental configuration and the suppl...
After preparing threparing the frontal section including the origin of the left portal trunk at the hepatic hilum, 60 human livers (35, entirely; 25, partly) were dissected to reveal segmental configuration and the supplying portal vein branches. We usually observed two combinations of segments, i.e., S2, 4, 5 and 8 or S2, 3, 4, 5 and 8, in the frontal section including the origin of the left portal trunk. However, S8 was sometimes absent in the section when S4 extended to the right and/or upper side. S2 was consistently located dorsal to S3 despite the fact that 11.7% of the specimens carried an unexpected configuration showing a "lower" S2 in combined with an "upper" S3 in the frontal section. The latter case was associated with specific S2 and S3 segmental branches maintaining horizontal courses along a common plane. S4, S5 and S8 were usually arranged from the ventral to the dorsal aspect in this order. Four types of ventral short branches originated at or near the primary portal divisions and supplied the hilar parenchyme adjacent to S4 and/or the anterior segment (S5 or S8). These ventral short branches tended to be associated with the variations of the primary division. Dissection of the liver after frontal section provided a better understanding of the segmental configuration rather than an approach from the hepatic hilum.
Cytoarchitectonic study of the cerebral cortex in the horse brain--classification of the cortex area.
Takeuchi T, Sugita S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398353
A cytoarchitectural classification of the horse cerebral cortex was done to determine whether functional locations exist or not such as found in the human cerebral cortex. Two adult horse brains were examined by Nissl an...
A cytoarchitectural classification of the horse cerebral cortex was done to determine whether functional locations exist or not such as found in the human cerebral cortex. Two adult horse brains were examined by Nissl and myelin stained methods. Six cell layers of the cerebral cortex were identified and classified into five types areas based on the cytoarchitectural organization: agranular, frontal, parietal, polar and granulous types. The agranular type was seen around the gyrus sylvius. In layer V of the agranular type, there were the many large cells that seemed like Betz cells. This type was recognized as motor area. The frontal type was seen in the lower and parietal parts of the cortex. The parietal type was seen in the rostral and occipital lobes. The polar type was seen in the frontal and dorsal-occipital sides. The granulous type was seen in the anterior-lower and posterior-lateral part of the cortex. The occupational ratios of the five types, that is, agranular, frontal, parietal, polar and granulous, to the whole cerebral cortex, were calculated by three-dimensional analysis using computer system as 19.6, 27.0, 28.9, 13.6 and 10.9%, respectively. As a result of myelin stain, horizontal fibers were seen in layer IV of parietal and polar types which looked liked the line of Gennari, therefore this area was recognized as the primary visual area.
[Expression and localization of cell growth factors in the salivary gland: a review].
Amano O, Iseki S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398352
The salivary gland secretes not only digestive enzymes but also various cell growth factors. Especially in rodents, granular ducts which develop between striated and intercalated ducts, are known to secrete epidermal gro...
The salivary gland secretes not only digestive enzymes but also various cell growth factors. Especially in rodents, granular ducts which develop between striated and intercalated ducts, are known to secrete epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Out of newly discovered growth factors, we have examined hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and have demonstrated their expression and localization in the rat submandibular gland. HGF and TGF-beta show a very similar distribution pattern to EGF, i.e., exclusive localization in the secretory granules of granular duct cells. These factors are suggested to function as i) exocrine salivary factors, or ii) endocrine factors after reabsorption. In contrast, FGF-2 shows a different pattern of cellular and subcellular localization from EGF and others. FGF-2 is localized in cytoplasm of striated and excretory duct cells and pillar cells in granular ducts, but not in secretory granules of granular duct cells. Since the receptor for FGF also present in the same cells as its ligand, FGF is suggested to function in the salivary gland as an autocrine/paracrine factor. The possible physiological roles of salivary growth factors in the digestive organs are discussed based on our own data and an extensive literature.
[Induction of cellular process elongation in hepatic stellate cells cultured on interstitial collagen gel: intracellular signaling mechanism].
Sato M, Senoo H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398351
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), located in the perisinusoidal space of Disse, extend long cellular processes, which surround the hepatic sinusoids. However, after primary culture and following subculture using ordinary po...
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), located in the perisinusoidal space of Disse, extend long cellular processes, which surround the hepatic sinusoids. However, after primary culture and following subculture using ordinary polystyrene culture dishes, HSCs lost their cellular processes and exhibited myofibroblast-like phenotypes. HSCs displayed rounded shapes when cultured on Matrigel containing the basement membrane components. On the other hand, HSCs exhibited the elongated cellular processes when cultured on interstitial collagen gel. This process elongation was induced by integrin-binding and the subsequent intracellular signaling pathways including protein kinases, protein phosphatases, PI 3-kinases, small G proteins, and microtubule-associated protein (MAP) subtype, MAP2C, and finally resulted from the reorganization of microtubules. The cellular processes contained vitamin A and matrix metalloproteinase-1. Such an HSC culture system using extracellular matrix components would be useful to study HSC functions in vivo, such as retinoid metabolism and reorganization of extracellular matrix.
[NMDA receptors and their interacting proteins in the postsynaptic density].
Okabe S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Apr · PMID 11398350
Glutamate receptors and their cytoplasmic interacting proteins are thought to play an important role in the process of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. NMDA receptors are a subtyp...
Glutamate receptors and their cytoplasmic interacting proteins are thought to play an important role in the process of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. NMDA receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors and specifically interact with PDZ-domain containing proteins such as PSD-95. This interaction is important in the clustering of NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and the molecular complex containing NMDA receptors and PSD-95 is likely to be the core structure of the postsynaptic density. In the first part of this review, biological significance of the diversity of NMDA receptor subunits is discussed. In the second part, implications obtained from our recent analyses on the structural remodeling of the postsynaptic density are presented.
[The 106th annual meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Kochi, Japan. April 2-4, 2001. Abstracts].
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Feb · PMID 11378904
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[Three-dimensional architecture of the intrinsic tongue muscles using a modified alkaline maceration method].
Saito H, Itoh I
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Dec · PMID 11197595
The three-dimensional architecture of the intrinsic tongue muscle fibers using the anterior part of the rabbit tongue was studied by scanning electron microscopy with a modified chemical-maceration method. The tongue tis...
The three-dimensional architecture of the intrinsic tongue muscle fibers using the anterior part of the rabbit tongue was studied by scanning electron microscopy with a modified chemical-maceration method. The tongue tissues fixed with 10% formalin solution were treated with 1% OsO4 solution at 5 minutes for hardening of the specimen surface. Subsequently, they were immersed in 6N-NaOH solution for 30 minutes at 60 degrees C for the removal of connective tissues followed by dissection of muscle fibers under a binocular microscope to clarify the structure of the intrinsic tongue muscles. The specimens were treated with tannic acid and OsO4 (conductive staining method; Murakami, 1974), and observed with a SEM. Muscular fiber bundles of the transverse and vertical muscles of the tongue changed their direction at the alignment on the sites where the bundles enter the longitudinal muscles from the innermost surface to form monolayers of muscular bundles extending anteroposteriorly. These muscular bundles formed tunnel-like structures each of which covered a longitudinal muscle bundle. It was considered that these tunnel-like structures support the contraction of the longitudinal muscles as the "muscular sheath".
Hepatic grooves and portal segmentation.
Ono ML, Murakami G, Sato TJ … +1 more , Sawada K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Dec · PMID 11197594
The aim of the present study was to examine the topographical relationship between the locations of the grooves and the borders of Couinaud's portal segments. We found 79 grooves on the diaphragmatic surfaces of 50 liver...
The aim of the present study was to examine the topographical relationship between the locations of the grooves and the borders of Couinaud's portal segments. We found 79 grooves on the diaphragmatic surfaces of 50 livers from 420 cadavers. Most grooves were located within segment VIII wholly (31/79) or partially (39/79). By contrast, only 11 grooves corresponded to the border between two segments (segments VIII/IV in 6 cases and segments VIII/VII in 5 cases). Diaphragmatic indentations (fold-like protrusions) into the groove were observed in 1 case. Our results suggest that the grooves did not form during the early embryonic period when intrahepatic vessels and ducts ramify, but that they formed during a later stage of diaphragmatic growth after establishment of the basic segmental configuration of the liver. The grooves do not seem to be critical landmarks for segmental borders of the liver.
Morphology of the metopic suture during the fetal period.
Malas MA, Sulak O
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Dec · PMID 11197593
Assessment of the position and size of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelle is important in the routine examination during fetal period and in newborn infants. The aim of this study is to clarify the average size a...
Assessment of the position and size of the metopic suture and anterior fontanelle is important in the routine examination during fetal period and in newborn infants. The aim of this study is to clarify the average size and its developmental changes of the anterior fontanelle and metopic suture by morphometry. Fifty-one cases were examined over a developmental period ranging from fetus of 14 weeks gestation to full term neonate. The width, and length of heads as well as head circumference of all fetuses were measured. The metopic suture and anterior fontanelle sizes were determined. The nearest distances between the parietal bones to the opposite frontal bones, and the distances between the nasion and lower angle of the anterior fontanelle, bregma and upper angle of the anterior fontanelle were measured. The averages of longitudinal and transverse diameters and areas of anterior fontanelle were calculated. Significant correlation was found between all the parameters and gestational ages, and between the sizes of the metopic suture and of skulls. There was no difference between male and female in any of the parameters. In our study, closed metopic suture was not observed. The anterior fontanelle is easy to palpate, and its enlargement might occasionally be helpful in the clinical examination of the newborn infants. The presence of a wide metopic suture may indicate the possibility of additional defects and anomaly in the newborn.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors in the brain.
Shioda S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Dec · PMID 11197592
Recent progress in research on pituitary adenylate-activating polypeptide (PACAP) with a special emphasis on the brain is reviewed. PACAP is a pleiotropic neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive int...
Recent progress in research on pituitary adenylate-activating polypeptide (PACAP) with a special emphasis on the brain is reviewed. PACAP is a pleiotropic neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide family. PACAP functions as a hypothalamic hormone, neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurotrophic factor. Studies on the gene encoding the PACAP precursor and the specific PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) and its subtypes have provided information on the control of gene expression for PACAP, and the relationship between the receptor subtypes and the signal transduction pathways. The PAC1-R is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains and belongs to the VIP receptor family. At least eight subtypes of PAC1-R result from alternate splicing. Each subtype is coupled to specific signaling pathways, and its expression is tissue or cell specific. PACAP stimulates the release of arginine vasopressin and increases cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). PACAP serves as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator and the activation of the PAC1-R stimulates a cAMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway which in turn evokes the [Ca2+]i signaling system. More importantly, PACAP is a neurotrophic factor that may play an important role during the development of the brain. The PAC1-R is actively expressed in different neuroepithelia from early developmental stages and expressed in various brain regions during prenatal and postnatal development. In the adult brain, PACAP appears to function as a neuroprotective factor that attenuates the neuronal damage resulting from various insults.
The microcirculatory function of mastication: SEM observation of vascular resin casts around dental implants and the periodontal ligament.
Matsuo M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Oct · PMID 11155694
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Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and biophysical aspects of mechanisms of bone matrix calcification.
Hoshi K, Ejiri S, Ozawa H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Oct · PMID 11155693
Primary calcification in embryonic ossification occurs as follows: crystallization within matrix vesicles, formation of calcified nodules, and finally the establishment of expansive calcified matrix. However, the partici...
Primary calcification in embryonic ossification occurs as follows: crystallization within matrix vesicles, formation of calcified nodules, and finally the establishment of expansive calcified matrix. However, the participation of the matrix vesicles in other types of bone calcification, such as bone formation during bone remodeling in adults has not been examined sufficiently. We introduce our recent observations on the presence of matrix vesicles in aged bones. In addition, although it is well known that the extracellular fluid supersaturates the calcification crystal, hydroxyapatite, the specific mechanisms by which bone matrix calcify remain unclear. In order to further approach the mechanisms of bone matrix calcification, we also review ultrastructural and localizational alterations of the matrix organics according to the progression of calcification, and an evaluation of mineral micro-environment in the calcifying sites by energy-filter transmission electron microscopy.
[Recent progress in studies on osteocytes--osteocytes and mechanical stress].
Hakeda Y, Arakawa T, Ogasawara A … +1 more , Kumegawa M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Oct · PMID 11155692
Although osteocytes are of the most abundant cells in bone, our knowledge about the role of osteocytes in bone metabolism is still poor compared with that about osteoblasts and osteoclasts, both being on the surface of b...
Although osteocytes are of the most abundant cells in bone, our knowledge about the role of osteocytes in bone metabolism is still poor compared with that about osteoblasts and osteoclasts, both being on the surface of bone. Osteocytes are terminally differentiated bone-forming cells. During bone formation, some of the osteoblasts lining the surface of bone are incorporated into the newly formed osteoid matrix and become osteocytes, while the other osteoblasts remain on the surface as lining cells. During this transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes, the cells lose numerous osteoblastic phenotypes and acquire osteocytic characteristics such as high expression of osteocalcin and particularly their specific morphology. Osteocytes are connected with each other in bone and with osteoblasts on the bone surface through canaliculi, forming cellular networks; and gap-junctions present at the contact sites mediate their intercellular communication. Several roles of osteocytes in bone have been proposed so far. Of them, based on the morphological characteristics of osteocytes, sensation of mechanical stress loaded onto bone is suspected to be one of their functions. One of the mechanical stresses on bone is fluid shear stress. Between the osteocyte's plasma membrane and the bone matrix is the periosteocytic space. This space exists both in the lacunae and in the canaliculi, and it is filled with extracellular fluid (ECF). Application of mechanical stress to bone locally deforms the tissue. This periodical deformation subsequently causes an increase in the flow of ECF in the periosteocytic space, resulting in shear stress on the surface of the osteocytes. Experimental studies demonstrated that bone cells were equivalently or more sensitive to the fluid shear stress than epithelial cells. Osteocytic cells cultured enhanced expression of prostaglandin (PG) G/H synthase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in response to shear stress. PGE2 is a potent regulator of proliferation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Therefore, a metabolic response by osteoblasts and osteoclasts lining the bone surface may be caused by PGE2 produced by osteocytes in response to shear stress when the prostanoid reaches the surface through the canaliculi. In conclusion, osteocytes play an important role in sensing extracellular mechanical stress, and the mechanical signals mediated by osteocytes may regulate the overall metabolism of cells in bone tissue.
[Sheath proteins as multifunctional enamel matrix proteins].
Uchida T, Murakami C, Wakida K … +2 more , Satoda T, Hiyama S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Oct · PMID 11155691
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[Vascular architecture of dental pulp].
Kishi Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2000 Oct · PMID 11155690
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