Kaibogaku Zasshi [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
A case of left inferior vena cava.
Yano R, Hayakawa D, Emura S … +4 more , Chen H, Ozawa Y, Taguchi H, Shoumura S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Dec · PMID 11806147
A case of left inferior vena cava (IVC) was found in a 72-year-old male cadaver during student dissection practice in 1999 at Gifu University School of Medicine. It was formed by junction of the left and right common ili...
A case of left inferior vena cava (IVC) was found in a 72-year-old male cadaver during student dissection practice in 1999 at Gifu University School of Medicine. It was formed by junction of the left and right common iliac veins at the lower left corner of the 5th lumbar vertebra. This IVC (15-mm caliber) ascended 82 mm along the left side of the abdominal aorta dorsally to the ureter. Receiving the left renal vein, it became 21 mm in caliber and ran obliquely upward for 43 mm across the abdominal aorta. As soon as it received two right renal veins at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra, the IVC (25-mm caliber) turned directly above. The present case belongs to Type C of the classification of McClure and Butler (1925), which is based on the combinations of the left and right IVCs, and on their location relative to the ureters. The present case also belongs to Type 1 of the classification of Yoshida et al. (1981). We consider that left IVC in the present case is mainly caused by disappearance of the right supracardinal vein and persistence of the left one during the embryological development of the IVC.
The preauricular sulcus: its radiologic evidence and prevalence.
Gülekon IN, Turgut HB
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Dec · PMID 11806146
The preauricular sulcus is a groove frequently seen on the iliac bone, adjacent and parallel to the inferior surface of the sacroiliac joint. It has been described as a characteristic of the female pelvis. A total of 320...
The preauricular sulcus is a groove frequently seen on the iliac bone, adjacent and parallel to the inferior surface of the sacroiliac joint. It has been described as a characteristic of the female pelvis. A total of 3200 pelvic radiographs (1508 male and 1692 female) were examined and in 393 female (about 23%) the preauricular sulcus was encountered. None was seen in male radiographs.
[Comparative study of masticatory muscles in the suncus and the mouse].
Yamada I, Yoshioka M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Dec · PMID 11806145
The external forms of head of the adult suncus and mouse resemble each other, but those of their newborns differ. In the newborn suncus, the upper view of external form of the head is narrow in width and long antero-post...
The external forms of head of the adult suncus and mouse resemble each other, but those of their newborns differ. In the newborn suncus, the upper view of external form of the head is narrow in width and long antero-posteriorly as is the cranial bone, but the adult form is almost triangular in shape based on the posterior portion of the head. In contrast, the external forms of the newborn and the adult are similar in the mouse. The postnatal changes of external form seem to be related to the development of the masticatory muscles in the suncus. Therefore, the present report comparatively studied the development of the masticatory muscles in suncus and mouse. To examine the developmental change of the volume of muscles on two animals, serial sections from fetus through adult were prepared by a commonly used staining method. Muscle volume was determined by the number of voxcels obtained from an image processor. Endplates stained by AchE staining and the course of muscle fibers of the masseter and temporal muscle (especially the MT1-temporal muscle in suncus) were also studied in the two animals. Ten measuring points on each craniofacial bone related with muscle growth were selected and the lengths between each point were measured to confirm the development of the musculoskeletal system in suncus. In suncus, the suncus masticatory muscles, both MT1-temporal and masseter muscle, were shown to have a multipinnate structure. This type of structure increases the physiological cross-sectional area to increase the masticatory force. The direction of these muscles, as a whole, run anteroposteriorly in this animal. Comparing the growth patterns between newborn and adult, the volumes of temporal and masseter muscle increase in the suncus more than those of in the mouse. The diameters of the temporal and masseter muscle fibers increase greatly after birth in the suncus in comparison with those of the mouse, though the fetus and newborn of both animals have approximately the same diameters. The differences in external forms of the head between newborn and adult in the suncus in comparison with those in the mouse may be caused by the greater increase in the volumes of temporal and masseter muscle, resulting in a remarkable increase in the forces of muscular contractions in the suncus. Postnatal dry weight of each masticatory muscle was measured in the suncus. The weights of the MT1-temporal and masseter muscle increased more than those of other muscles, especially from 14 days through 28 days. The results obtained here thus may be closely correlated to the growth of the diameters of muscle fibers. The whole parietal bone was not covered with the MT1-temporal muscle at 7 days after birth, but was covered at 14 days. Sagittal and nuchal crests were not observed at the former stage but was clearly evident at the latter in the suncus. In the suncus, the length and width of the MT1-temporal muscle became larger in the second week after birth than in the later weeks. In the suncus, during from 7 days through 14 days after birth the growth rate of the portion between Etf and Dwp was enhanced compared to that of other portions. In this term the length of the MT1-temporal muscle also grew noticeably. The distance between Etf and Dwp corresponds to the length of MT1-temporal muscle at the ventral portion. The growth between Etf and Dwp precedes that of muscle volume in the suncus. In conclusion, the developmental change of the cranial bone between Etf and Dwp precedes that of the masticatory muscles in the suncus. The formation of the well-developed sagittal and nuchal crests and the expansion of muscle attachment may well have led to the increase of muscle volume. As a result, the difference of external forms of head between newborn and adult in the suncus has been shown clearly to be due to the developmental changes of the volume of each masticatory muscle from 14 days through adult after birth, while such a difference is not seen in mouse.
Effect of water extract of carica papaya seed on the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules of Sprague Dawley rats.
Uche-Nwachi EO, Ezeokoli DC, Adogwa AO … +1 more , Offiah VN
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Dec · PMID 11806144
Extracts from different parts of the papaya have been reported to decrease the testicular weight of Wistar rats when administered orally for 8 weeks. It was however reported that suppression of spermatogenesis was observ...
Extracts from different parts of the papaya have been reported to decrease the testicular weight of Wistar rats when administered orally for 8 weeks. It was however reported that suppression of spermatogenesis was observed in these rats following the administration of papaya seed extract. No histological abnormality was observed in these animals. In this experiment, water extract of papaya seeds, was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats ad libitum for 8 weeks. Results showed that 3 weeks after commencement of this administration, the lumina of the seminiferous tubules were more prominent and empty in the experimental animals with no evidence of spermatids and spermatozoa. It also showed that the lateral walls of adjacent Sertolil cells lost contact with each other.
Rapid and simple fixation-staining technique of fresh frozen cryostat sections for SIMS microscopy.
Li H, Okabe M, Yoshida T … +1 more , Takaya K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Dec · PMID 11806143
Before observing freeze-dried cryosections by ion microscopy, it is necessary to perform localization of the analysis site by light microscopy. The present study reports a rapid fixation-staining method for preparing fre...
Before observing freeze-dried cryosections by ion microscopy, it is necessary to perform localization of the analysis site by light microscopy. The present study reports a rapid fixation-staining method for preparing freeze-dried or air-dried cryosections, wherein cryosections are observed after immersion in Carnoy-Lebrun fixative for 30 s and staining in undiluted Giemsa solution for 30 s. Cryostat sections of goldfish intestine and kidney tissue on the silicon wafer substratum were subsequently examined by SIMS. Positive cesium ion images showed a general histology of the intestinal villi with goblet cells. Their granules contained large amounts of sodium, magnesium, potassium and calcium on ion images. By contrast, iron, copper and CsFe ion images showed diffuse distribution throughout the sections.
[Alterations in neuroepithelial intermediate filaments during neurogenesis in the chick cervical spinal cord].
Kumano I, Iwatsuki H, Sasaki K … +1 more , Ogawa C
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Oct · PMID 11729675
Intermediate filament proteins including nestin, vimentin and neurofilament were immunohistochemically studied during neurogenesis in the chick cervical spinal cord from stages 8 to 28. At stage 8, neuroepithelial cells...
Intermediate filament proteins including nestin, vimentin and neurofilament were immunohistochemically studied during neurogenesis in the chick cervical spinal cord from stages 8 to 28. At stage 8, neuroepithelial cells of the neural groove contained a large amount of nestin in their cytoplasm and a little vimentin in the basal cytoplasmic areas, and no neurofilaments could be recognized at all. At stage 10, there was a marked decrease in nestin expression in the neural groove, and there was an increase in vimentin in neuroepithelial cells. At stage 15, when the neural tube was formed, small oval neuroblasts appeared in the peripheral area of the neuroepithelium. By employing double-immunostaining, three different neuroblasts could be identified; vimentin-positive and neurofilament-negative cells, neurofilament- and vimentin-double-positive cells, and neurofilament-positive and vimentin-negative cells. During the neuroblast stage, intracellular intermediate filaments were relayed from vimentin to neurofilaments. At stage 20, large polygonal cells containing a large number of neurofilaments could be recognized in the enlarged basal plate of the neural tube. At stage 28, neuronal processes developed in large polygonal cells and, although the staining intensity of the neurofilaments was slightly decreased in the soma, the neuronal processes contained a large number of neurofilaments. During neurogenesis in the chick cervical spinal cord, the intermediate filaments, nestin and vimentin, are present in neuroepithelial cells. During the neuroblast stage, vimentin and neurofilaments are observed together for a short time. Finally, in polygonal neurons, only neurofilaments are observed.
[Ultrastructural studies of hepatoblast junctions and liver hematopoiesis of the mouse embryo].
Sonoda Y, Sasaki K, Suda M … +1 more , Itano C
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Oct · PMID 11729674
To clarify the morphological changes in hepatoblast connections during the development of fetal liver hematopoiesis, ICR mouse livers of 11 to 19 days of gestation were studied by means of three-dimensional reconstructio...
To clarify the morphological changes in hepatoblast connections during the development of fetal liver hematopoiesis, ICR mouse livers of 11 to 19 days of gestation were studied by means of three-dimensional reconstruction, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and freeze fracture replica method. Embryonic liver weight showed rapid increase until 19 days of gestation, and an initial steep increase, due to hematopoietic development, was observed at 13 to 15 days of gestation. Hepatoblast volume appeared to be constant until 13 days of gestation, and, thereafter, showed a gradual increase. An 11-day primitive hepatic cord contained a few immature hematopoietic cells among hepatoblasts, and the hepatoblasts made contact with one another by short cytoplasmic projections. The area of the contact surface had a diameter of 4-5 microns, where E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions were found. At 12-13 days of gestation, hepatoblasts surrounded large ellipsoidal hematopoietic foci, with long cytoplasmic projections. In addition to the adherens junctions, small desmosomes appeared to bind hepatoblasts together, and biliary canaliculi could be recognized between hepatoblasts. At peak stage of liver hematopoiesis at 14 days of gestation, both tight junctions and gap junctions appeared around the biliary canaliculi, and four types of specialized junctions, i.e., adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions and gap junctions, appeared to be fully developed. After 15 days of gestation, hepatocyte volume showed rapid increase, and the surface areas between adjacent hepatocytes were markedly enlarged. As a result, the involuted hematopoietic foci were forced to move from interhepatocytic spaces to perisinusoidal space at the end of the intrauterine life.
Variations observed during a 1999 dissection course--their sum and analysis.
Yamasaki M, Ishizawa A
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Oct · PMID 11729673
A systematic study of anomalies in all body areas of 12 male and 12 female cadavers was attempted from data obtained during a 1999 dissection course. A total of 229 anomalies (132 in males, 97 in females) were observed,...
A systematic study of anomalies in all body areas of 12 male and 12 female cadavers was attempted from data obtained during a 1999 dissection course. A total of 229 anomalies (132 in males, 97 in females) were observed, and they were comprised of 142 varieties. Classified by system, there were 71 (45 varieties) muscular, 118 (71) vascular, 29 (18) neural, 10 (7) visceral and 1 bone anomaly; by region, there were 50 in the head and trunk, 56 in the upper limbs, and 52 in the lower limbs. The other 71 anomalies were vascular ones confined to the viscera (61) and visceral (10). A maximum of 26 anomalies, including 10 muscular, 14 vascular and 2 neural anomalies, were ascertained to exist coincidentally in a single male. Among vascular anomalies, the visceral ones (61) were dominant. In all structures, 75% of the varieties of anomalies were single occurrences. In the text, the multiple occurrence of anomalies in an individual and their relationships are discussed.
An investigation of the conus medullaris termination level during the period of fetal development to adulthood.
Malas MA, Salbacak A, Büyükmumcu M … +3 more , Seker M, Köylüoğlu B, Karabulut AK
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Oct · PMID 11729672
The spinal cord fills the length of the vertebral canal at the early period of intrauterine term. It is reported to extend to the level of the third lumbar vertebra at birth, because the vertebral column is growing more...
The spinal cord fills the length of the vertebral canal at the early period of intrauterine term. It is reported to extend to the level of the third lumbar vertebra at birth, because the vertebral column is growing more rapidly in the longitudinal direction than the spinal cord. The present investigation aimed to determine the changes in the termination level of conus medullaris (TLCM) from fetus to adulthood in a total of 285 individuals who had no defects in the central or peripheral nervous system, and were obtained from our Faculties of Medicine and Konya Maternity Hospital between 1992-1995. The age distribution was as follows: 36 fetuses, 20 prematures and 50 neonates, 51 children aged 1 to 7 years and 128 adults aged 15 to 68 years. In this study, for fetuses, prematures, neonates and children the TLCM was determined using ultrasonography. In addition, microdissection was used in fetuses to confirm the results obtained from the above technique. Also, magnetic resonance imaging was used in adults. During fetal life the end of the conus altered its levels from S5 to L3 vertebrae. The tip of the conus medullaris of the prematures and neonates ranged from L1 to L3 vertebrae. The tip of the conus medullaris in the children lay between the Th12 and L3 vertebrae, and in the adults it was between the Th12 and L2 vertebrae. There were slight differences between the prematures and neonates in terms of the TLCM. We concluded that there are differences in the TLCM between the age groups and therefore, especially in prematures and infants the determination of the tip of conus medullaris might be important for preventing postoperative neurological complications.
Distinct gene expression in the stomach following stress and alcohol exposure.
Ueyama T, Saika M, Senba E
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Oct · PMID 11729671
Two paradigms of acute stress in the rat were used to produce changes in the stomach. The first involved restraint stress combined with water immersion and the second utilized acute intragastric exposure to absolute etha...
Two paradigms of acute stress in the rat were used to produce changes in the stomach. The first involved restraint stress combined with water immersion and the second utilized acute intragastric exposure to absolute ethanol. The mRNA expression of immediate early genes (IEG) such as c-fos, c-jun and NGFI-A, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 in the stomach were studied using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Upregulation of IEG and HSP70 mRNAs were observed in the smooth muscle cells of muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa and blood vessels in response to water immersion-restraint stress or intragastric application of absolute ethanol. In the restraint stress model, IEG (c-fos and NGFI-A) mRNAs were induced in the pit and isthmus of the mucosa, while in the ethanol exposure model, IEG (c-fos, c-jun and NGFI-A) and HSP70 mRNAs were upregulated in the damaged epithelium, especially surrounding the deep erosions. COX-2 mRNA was detected in surface mucous cells under desquamation. These distinct gene expressions in the mucosa indicate that the two stress paradigms produce different cellular responses. These data provide new insights into cellular mechanisms that occur during the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions.
[Considerable supplement on the central cusp in the lower second molar].
Sakiyama Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577443
The central cusp, one of morphological anomalies of tooth, is a supernumerary tubercle found principally in the center of the occlusal surface of a molar. Most central cusps reported are observed in the premolar, but ver...
The central cusp, one of morphological anomalies of tooth, is a supernumerary tubercle found principally in the center of the occlusal surface of a molar. Most central cusps reported are observed in the premolar, but very few studies are available on the central cusp in molar, especially in the lower second molar. In the present study, the central cusp on either side of the lower second molar were reported and discussed according to the previous investigation as a supplement on this subject.
[An anomalous case of the thoracic cardiac nerve in the Japanese monkey].
Kawashima T, Sato K, Sasaki H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577442
A rare case of an anomalous right thoracic cardiac nerve that directly distributed to the left ventricle and left coronary artery was observed in a Japanese monkey. Its nerve arose from 4th and 5th thoracic ganglia on th...
A rare case of an anomalous right thoracic cardiac nerve that directly distributed to the left ventricle and left coronary artery was observed in a Japanese monkey. Its nerve arose from 4th and 5th thoracic ganglia on the right sympathetic trunk, descended obliquely along the thoracic vertebra toward the thoracic aorta at the level of the body of 7th thoracic vertebra. After reaching the aorta, it reflected upward and ascended along the medial-ventral surface of the aorta. Thereafter, it received a cardiac branch arising from the vagus nerve in the upper part of the thoracic aorta, and ran to the left-lateral aspect of the heart. Finally, it gave off main branches to the terminal part of the left coronary artery and the left ventricle, and small branches to the proximal part of the left coronary artery. In a human dissection, similar nerves (the thoracic splanchnic nerve or thoracic pulmonary nerve) originating at the thoracic ganglia and reaching to the lung, have also been observed. The superior, middle and inferior cervical cardiac nerves can easily reach the heart along the common carotid artery, the brachiocephalic artery and subclavian artery. But it is not easy for the thoracic cardiac nerve to reach the heart because of the topographical relationship of its thoracic origin and the peripheral distributions of the left side of the heart. Therefore, the thoracic cardiac nerve would have to run a complicated course.
[Keratin filaments in epithelial cells of the excretory ducts of rabbit submandibular glands--an immunohistochemical and ultraimmunohistochemical study].
Ogawa C, Iwatsuki H, Sasaki K … +1 more , Kumano I
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577441
To clarify the roles of various keratin proteins, the distributions of eight keratin intermediate filament proteins (keratins 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19 and 20) in the epithelial cells of the excretory ducts of rabbit subm...
To clarify the roles of various keratin proteins, the distributions of eight keratin intermediate filament proteins (keratins 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19 and 20) in the epithelial cells of the excretory ducts of rabbit submandibular glands were studied immunohistochemically and ultraimmunohistochemically. The epithelia of excretory ducts were composed of columnar cells and basal cells. In the columnar cells, intermediate filaments formed a network at the apical area, that is, an apex network connected with desmosomes. Keratins 7, 18 and 20 were detected in the upper layer of the network and keratins 8, 18 and 20 in the lower layer. The intermediate filaments containing keratin 7 were also connected with hemidesmosomes on the basal side. Keratins 7, 18 and 20 were found throughout the entire cytoplasm of the columnar cells. Keratins 8 and 14 were expressed near the nucleus, forming a ring-like structure around the Golgi apparatus in the columnar cells. In the basal cells, by contrast, the intermediate filaments were concentrated around the nucleus, forming a juxtanuclear network which contained keratin 10. Keratin 13 was detected between the juxtanuclear network and the cell membrane, and was connected with both desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Kratin 7 filaments were contained throughout the entire cytoplasm of the basal cells. These results suggested that different functional subsets of keratin filaments could be distinguished in the epithelial cells of the excretory ducts of the submandibular glands. In the columnar cells, keratins 7, 8, 18 and 20 play a role in cell-cell contact or cell-matrix contact, and both keratins 8 and 14 seem to be involved in the structure of the Golgi apparatus. In the basal cells, keratin 10 may serve to position and anchor the nucleus within the cell, and keratin 13 plays a role in cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts.
[Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase activity in greater omentum of rats].
Zhou P, Tokunaga Y, Maeda T … +1 more , Arai R
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577440
The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the cellular basis of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activity in the greater omentum of rats. Enzyme histochemistry for 5'-Nase showed that lymphatic vessels in the omentum as we...
The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the cellular basis of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activity in the greater omentum of rats. Enzyme histochemistry for 5'-Nase showed that lymphatic vessels in the omentum as well as lymphocytes in the milky spots were positively stained. Electron microscopic observation revealed-5'-Nase activity at the luminal surface of the lymphatic endothelial cells, pinocytotic vesicles in the endothelial cells and the surface of fibroblasts located at the intercellular space of adipose cells. Fibroblasts extended long cytoplasmic processes toward adipose cells and inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that lymphatic endothelial cells as well as fibroblasts in the omentum may play an important role in regulation of metabolism and immune mechanisms in the greater omentum by supplying adenosin.
Scanning electron microscopic observation of Merkel cells in the lamprey epidermis.
Takahashi-Iwanaga H, Abe K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577439
The Merkel cell in the epidermis has generally been regarded as a mechanoreceptor which detects tissue deformations with its microvilli, and subsequently releases certain transmitters to nerve endings. In order to analyz...
The Merkel cell in the epidermis has generally been regarded as a mechanoreceptor which detects tissue deformations with its microvilli, and subsequently releases certain transmitters to nerve endings. In order to analyze the mechanism of mechanoreception, the fine structure of lamprey Merkel cells and their relationships with surrounding tissue were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after exposure of the cells by NaOH maceration, as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) according to a conventional method. By SEM, lamprey Merkel cells revealed small round cell bodies bearing numerous microvilli on the upper and lower poles in accord with previous TEM reports. Combined SEM and TEM observations showed that the Merkel cell bodies were tightly held in corresponding concavities of other epidermal cells, with some desmosomes connecting the cells with each other. On the other hand, microvilli of the Merkel cells extended freely in intercellular spaces bound with complex microplicae of epidermal cells. The regional difference in mechanical anchorage of the Merkel cells probably leads to transient deflection and subsequent recovery of their microvilli during a given mechanical stimulation, suggesting rapidly adapting mechanoreception by the cells.
Genetic characteristics of double hypoglossal canal as a nonmetric trait.
Kida MY, Johnson DR, O'Higgins P … +3 more , Sekii Y, Yoshizoe S, Tanaka S
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577438
The hypothesis that the hypoglossal canal bridging or double (HGCD), a nonmetric cranial trait, is a powerful discriminator between populations (Dodo, 1980, 1987) is still controversial. To examine this issue, the incide...
The hypothesis that the hypoglossal canal bridging or double (HGCD), a nonmetric cranial trait, is a powerful discriminator between populations (Dodo, 1980, 1987) is still controversial. To examine this issue, the incidences of HGCD were investigated in six inbred mice strains (CBA, C57BL, BALB/c, Strong A, NZB, and DAB) and one group of wild mice, six matings of CBA and C57BL, and four experimental diet groups. The above hypothesis was supported by some results such as no effects of diet on the incidences of HGCD and significant differences among the incidences of HGCD in some inbred strains. However, significant differences were also detected in the incidences of HGCD among groups within an inbred strain. Therefore, we think that further conservative and experimental assessments should be performed to determine the usefulness of incidences of HGCD as a powerful discriminator in skeletal studies on populations and family history.
Possible effects of endocrine disruptors on male reproductive function.
Mori C
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Aug · PMID 11577437
Endocrine disruptors act to alter blood hormone levels or the subsequent action of hormones, including effects on hormone production, release, transport, metabolism and/or elimination together with effects on cognate rec...
Endocrine disruptors act to alter blood hormone levels or the subsequent action of hormones, including effects on hormone production, release, transport, metabolism and/or elimination together with effects on cognate receptor binding and/or subsequent intracellular receptor actions. Confirmed alterations in reproductive development in wildlife species together with reports touting an increase in the incidence of human male reproductive tract abnormalities and decreased adult sperm counts in some parts of the world have increased public concern with endocrine disruptors. A biological plausible hypothesis has suggested that man-made chemicals act as endocrine disruptors resulting in altered development of the reproductive tract causing the observed effects. Based on current knowledge, the impact of endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive function remains to be appreciated. Epidemiological human studies are necessary to fill in the gap in our knowledge. Disturbances of hormonal regulation during fetal or postnatal development in humans may induce adverse effects on the male reproductive system, but these adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on humans are subtle, and difficult to research and detect. We have investigated fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors in Japan by analyzing umbilical cords, and changes of testis-weight in Japanese men by using analytical data of necropsy. This mini-review summarizes current endocrine disruptor issues on possible effects of endocrine disruptors on male reproductive function and the results of our recent research.
A case of hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe.
Ohkubo M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494518
We report a case of hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe in a 90-year-old woman. The left lobe was composed of three parts, central, anterior and lateral. The central part was equivalent to the hepatic hilum and consisted...
We report a case of hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe in a 90-year-old woman. The left lobe was composed of three parts, central, anterior and lateral. The central part was equivalent to the hepatic hilum and consisted of 1/3 of a circle with a radius of about 30 mm and a maximum thickness of 8 mm. The anterior part had an elliptical shape of 65 mm x 33 mm, 21 mm thick. The lateral part had an elongated elliptical shape of 67 x 21 mm, also 16 mm thick. Sublobation was noted in the caudate and quadrate lobes. The caudate lobe was divided into two parts, and the quadrate lobe into three parts. The right lobe was bell-shaped with the top turned toward the diaphragm. The transverse diameter at the base was 108 mm, the antero-posterior diameter was 134 mm, and the distance from the bottom to the top was 95 mm. A deep groove paralleled the anterior rim at the base surface, where the gallbladder was in contact with the liver. No anomalous distribution of blood vessels or biliary canals was found. No atrophic feature was histologically recognized in any lobe.
[Innervation of metacarpophalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint: an anatomical and histological study].
Kim YS
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494517
Using 131 fingers for the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint and 124 fingers for the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint obtained from 30 hands of human cadavers, the innervation of the MP and DIP joints was investigated anat...
Using 131 fingers for the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint and 124 fingers for the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint obtained from 30 hands of human cadavers, the innervation of the MP and DIP joints was investigated anatomically in detail. Two articular branches developing from a dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve and a superficial branch of the radial nerve, and entering the dorsal side of the MP joint from the ulnar side and radial side, respectively, were found in every finger. In addition, articular branches from the deep branch of the ulnar nerve were found in every middle, ring and little finger. However, articular branches from the proper palmar digital nerve were found to exist in 62.7% of the fingers. Articular branches developing from the proper palmar digital nerve and going towards the DIP joint were found in every case, and 97.3% of 244 branches developed directly from the proper palmar digital nerve, while some of the remaining branches were from a dorsal branch of the proper palmar digital nerve and others developed neural loop penetration. Articular branches ran parallel to the distal transverse artery and entered the joint, and some of them went towards the volar plate, dorsal joint capsule, and tendon sheath. Many nerve endings existed in the surface layer of the articular capsule and arthrosynovial membranes in the form of Pacinian corpuscles and corpuscles of Ruffini. The existence of a neural loop in the finger should be taken notice of during somatoscopy in patients with neurovascular symptoms in the fingertip or surgical operation on a vascular pedicular island flap. Further, it was suggested that injury of the articular branch of the DIP joint could induce Heberden nodes due to its anatomical characteristics.
Distribution of preganglionic terminals in the cervical sympathetic ganglia detected by the expression of c-Fos like protein after electric stimulation of the ventral root.
Asamoto K, Tamamaki N, Nojyo Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2001 Jun · PMID 11494516
To determine the segmental relationship between the upper thoracic spinal cord and cervical sympathetic ganglia, we observed the distribution pattern of postganglionic cells which expressed c-Fos like protein, one of the...
To determine the segmental relationship between the upper thoracic spinal cord and cervical sympathetic ganglia, we observed the distribution pattern of postganglionic cells which expressed c-Fos like protein, one of the products of immediate early genes, after electrical stimulation of ventral roots at the T1-T3 spinal segments. We recognized a clear segmental arrangement of postganglionic cells in the stellate ganglion along its rostrocaudal direction corresponding to the segmental arrangement of preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. That is, postganglionic neurons which expressed c-Fos like protein after stimulation of the T1 ventral root were distributed in the middle region of the stellate ganglion in the rostrocaudal direction. The c-Fos like protein-positive neurons after stimulation of the T2 ventral root were distributed in a more caudal region of the stellate ganglion than after T1 ventral root stimulation. C-Fos like protein-positive neurons after stimulation of the T3 ventral root were mainly situated in a more caudal region of the stellate ganglion than after T2 ventral root stimulation. There was, however, no segmental relationship between the upper thoracic levels of the spinal cord and superior cervical ganglion in the rostrocaudal direction. These results indicate that the segmental innervation of the upper thoracic spinal cord exists in the stellate ganglion, but not in the superior cervical ganglion.
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