Kaibogaku Zasshi [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Abstracts of the 112th annual meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Osaka, Japan. March 27-29, 2007].
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2007 Mar · PMID 17396354
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[Tutorial session using cross sections of upper and lower limbs in human gross anatomy course].
Gotoh T, Mori M, Luo S … +3 more , Takizawa T, Ishikawa T, Takizawa T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Dec · PMID 17191691
We performed tutorial education in gross anatomy using thick serial cross sections (3-4 cm) of one of the upper or lower limbs of a cadaver donated for use in the macroscopic dissection course. Group learning (four peopl...
We performed tutorial education in gross anatomy using thick serial cross sections (3-4 cm) of one of the upper or lower limbs of a cadaver donated for use in the macroscopic dissection course. Group learning (four people) proceeded with the extraction of the point in question from an arbitrary section. Consequently students obtained a deeper understanding of the cross sectional structure of an upper or lower limb and further deepened their understanding of the three-dimensional structure of limbs. Each group collected clinical images of the part corresponding to the selected section to present, thus bringing together the relationship between the anatomical knowledge studied from the specimen and the related disease. A questionnaire survey after the practicum suggested that the practice of using serial cross sections and the presentation of relevant images using Microsoft PowerPoint were effective means of the study. Useful points on the student's understanding were collected with respect to the following three opinions: Fresh aspects, Grasp of the position, and Three-dimensional views. Moreover, the dissection program in gross anatomy combined with thick cross sections was thought to be helpful in that not only was observing the cross structure but also to dissect it if necessary, with the students obtaining a deeper understanding of the structure as a result. In our anatomy practice thereafter, the practicum was done with awareness of the issues faced by the students in mind. It was concluded that the practicum that uses the cross sections is an effective means in gross anatomy education.
[Dissection of the heart: a useful guide to understanding the three-dimensional gross anatomy].
Sakabe M, Abe M, Nakatani K … +3 more , Ikeda K, Yoshiyamal M, Nakajima Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Dec · PMID 17191690
In order to understand the three-dimensional gross anatomy of the heart, it is important to observe the inner structures of the chambers and the spatial relation between the valves and the ventricles. In our dissecting l...
In order to understand the three-dimensional gross anatomy of the heart, it is important to observe the inner structures of the chambers and the spatial relation between the valves and the ventricles. In our dissecting laboratory, we designed a guide to dissection of the heart according to the following procedures. First, we observe the surface anatomy of the heart in the pericardial cavity, remove the heart and then identify the coronary vessels, open the four chambers and observe the intra-cardiac structures. Next, we remove the atria from the ventricles and examine the relation between the valves and the chambers. Our guide is useful for learning the three-dimensional gross anatomy which is fundamental to understanding the normal function and disease of the heart.
[Student evaluation of faculty teaching in molecular anatomy course at Nippon Medical School: results of a questionnaire survey].
Gotoh T, Ishikawa T, Luo S … +4 more , Mori M, Takizawa T, Shimura T, Takizawa T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Sep · PMID 16999335
For the purpose of improving education, the lecture and practices employed in the Molecular Anatomy Course were evaluated by students. The survey was performed with personal computer connected to a local area network and...
For the purpose of improving education, the lecture and practices employed in the Molecular Anatomy Course were evaluated by students. The survey was performed with personal computer connected to a local area network and the results were readily exhibited on our website the following day. The total number of answers was 528 and the reply percentage was 31.2%. The average score (from 1: very bad to 5: very good) was 3.9, with a range of 3.2 to 4.8. Faculty teaching got better grades in the latter half of the period compared to those in the first half, particularly on "preparation" and "understanding". The correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between the understanding of the lecture and the orientation of practice. These findings suggest that constant evaluation by students during the whole period of the instruction is useful for improving the quality of education of our Anatomy Course.
[Reexamination of the communicating branch between the sural and tibial nerves].
Sekiya S, Tokita K, Banneheka SK … +4 more , Suzuki R, Miyawaki M, Chiba S, Kumaki K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Sep · PMID 16999334
Reexamination of communicating branches between the sural and tibial nerves ventral to the calcanean tendon was carried out on 52 legs of 26 Japanese cadavers which were used for ordinary dissection practices at the Niig...
Reexamination of communicating branches between the sural and tibial nerves ventral to the calcanean tendon was carried out on 52 legs of 26 Japanese cadavers which were used for ordinary dissection practices at the Niigata University School of Medicine. Communicating branches were found in 7 out of 52 dissections (13.5% of cases). In three of the 7 specimens, the communicating branch, the sural nerve and the tibial nerve with the deep crural fascia were removed from the legs and demonstrated by a modified Sihler's staining technique. Three types of communicating branches, Y, U and N, were distinguished on the basis of their shapes. In type Y, a medial branch from the sural nerve and a branch from the tibial nerve joined in Y-shape and become one terminal branch. In type U, the both branches formed a loop between the sural and tibial nerves. The type N communicating branch ran obliquely and medially to reach the tibial nerve distally. Only the Y type appeared in 5 specimens. Both the Y and U type and the Y and N types occurred in one specimen each. We assume that the communicating branch of the N type contains motor fibers which are derived from the sural nerve and innervate some plantar muscles, because this type is correspond to the communication type of some animals in which motor fibers have been demonstrated. Therefore, if the sural nerve biopsy is performed to examine a pure sensory nerve, removal of the more distal part of the sural nerve than a diverging point of a communicating branch is recommended. This study also indicated that the modified Sihler's staining technique is useful to examine distributions of cadaveric peripheral nerves after medical students' dissection course.
[Anatomical names of skeletal notches--analysis and classification of Latin names, and comparison with corresponding Japanese names--].
Shikano S, Yamashita Y, Sato T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Jun · PMID 16796122
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Nomina Anatomica, 3rd edition) of the skeletal notches were analyzed and clas...
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Nomina Anatomica, 3rd edition) of the skeletal notches were analyzed and classified, and compared with the corresponding Japanese anatomical names. The words following Incisura indicated: 1) the structure to which the notch belongs; 2) location of the notch; 3) the structure of which the notch is a component; 4) the bone or osseous structure with which the notch is connected; or 5) non-osseous structure attached to the notch. Analysis of Latin names and comparison with Japanese names clarified some characteristics of both names and revealed some problems in them.
[Histological observations on the structural changes in rat lacrimal gland by oral administration of lactoferrin].
Ito K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Jun · PMID 16796121
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of enteric-coated lactoferrin (LF) on the secretory function of rat lacrimal secretory gland by using light and electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1)...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of enteric-coated lactoferrin (LF) on the secretory function of rat lacrimal secretory gland by using light and electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1) Both A and B granules were observed in lacrimal gland cells in all groups (control groups of young and aged rats, and LF-intake group of aged rat). However, the difference in size and distribution of B granules was determined among different groups. 2) In the control group of young rat, numerous B granules and well-developed cell organelles were observed. On the other hand, a small number of large B granules and undeveloped cell organelles were recognized in the control group of aged rat. 3) In the LF-intake group of aged rat, a large number of large B granules and well developed cell organelles showed similar features to those in the control group of young rat. 4) Large B granules were supposed to be the secretory granules in the final secretory stage. 5) Taken together, it was suggested that the enteric-coated lactoferrin (LF) might promote the secretory function of lacrimal gland cells in aged rat, resulting in the formation of numerous B granules.
[Chemical content analysis of specimens of human head temporal portion commercially distributed for otological surgery lessons].
Gasa S, Murakami G
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16562494
Specimens of the human head temporal portion are provided in the United States and distributed commercially for lessons in otological surgery via the internet. Many otologists have obtained and used these specimens in Ja...
Specimens of the human head temporal portion are provided in the United States and distributed commercially for lessons in otological surgery via the internet. Many otologists have obtained and used these specimens in Japan. According to our chemical content analysis, these specimens were found to contain harmful substances as well as large molecule aldehydes and fatty acid methylesters, which are not or only rarely included in the human cadaveric specimens prepared in Japan. We discuss the suggested treatment of these imported specimens, how trial preparation of specimens are much better than the imported items, and the background of the rapid and wide distribution of the imported items in Japan.
[Envisioning the inner body in Edo-Japan: Inshoku yojo kagami and Boji yojo kagami].
Shirasugi E
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16562493
There are two ukiyoe, Japanese woodblock prints, presumed to have been produced around 1850 by the artist Utagawa Kunisada (1786-1864), or possibly, an understudy at his shop. One of the two ukiyoe, titled Inshoku yojo k...
There are two ukiyoe, Japanese woodblock prints, presumed to have been produced around 1850 by the artist Utagawa Kunisada (1786-1864), or possibly, an understudy at his shop. One of the two ukiyoe, titled Inshoku yojo kagami (Rules of Dietary Life) shows a man drinking sake, holding a goblet in his hand. The other, titled Boji yojo kagami (Rules of Sexual Life) shows a woman, apparently a courtesan, holding a tobacco pipe to her mouth. These prints give a good picture of the images of the inside of human body, which were widely accepted among the common people after the end of the seventeenth century in the Edo period, because ukiyoe was a popular art produced by the common people in the Edo period, and the market for ukiyoe prints was primarily the general populace of the cities. The contrivance of the two Rules of Life prints lies in their fusion of two formats. One is the format of see-through body displaying the internal organs. The other is that of explaining the functions of the various internal organs in the form of familiar scenes from the living space of cities and households. Miniature sketches of people at work can be seen in them, performing the tasks believed to be that of each organ. By observing the work being carried out by the people, one could understand the organ's function. The purpose of the two annotated prints is explained in the notes as twofold. One was to educate viewers about the functions of the five viscera and six entrails, i.e., the principal inner organs in the traditional East Asian conception of the body. The other was to admonish them against excessive eating, drinking and sexual intercourse.
[Okuda wooden human skeleton made in Edo era, Japan].
Baba H
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16562492
Probably in 1820 (late Edo era), a human skeleton for medical education was carved from cypress wood, based on a criminal's skeleton under the supervision of a medical doctor, Banri Okuda in Osaka City. The skeleton is c...
Probably in 1820 (late Edo era), a human skeleton for medical education was carved from cypress wood, based on a criminal's skeleton under the supervision of a medical doctor, Banri Okuda in Osaka City. The skeleton is called "Okuda wooden skeleton" and is now housed in the National Science Museum, Tokyo. The bones can be assembled into a skeleton by metal pivots or bamboo sticks. The thorax and pelvis were made of several pieces of wood and combined together, respectively. By and large, the wooden skeleton shows morphological characteristics usually seen in early middle-aged females of the Edo era. But the claviculae, distal ends of the femora, and the patellae are exceptionally larger than those of a female, implying that these bones of the original skeleton had already been lost or were deformed before the wooden skeleton was made. Actually the wooden skeleton might not have been used for medical education but rather for the promotion of European medicine, which was gradually developing in the Edo era.
[Wooden models of human skeleton made in Edo era, Japan, with special reference to Hoshino wooden skeleton].
Kataoka K, Suzaki E, Ajima N
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16562491
The wooden model of the human skeleton, called wooden skeleton, is a distinguished original craft object in Edo era (1600-1867), Japan, when medical doctors were unable to keep the human skeleton for their study and teac...
The wooden model of the human skeleton, called wooden skeleton, is a distinguished original craft object in Edo era (1600-1867), Japan, when medical doctors were unable to keep the human skeleton for their study and teaching purpose. There are three kinds of wooden skeletons, i. e. Hoshino, Kagami and Okuda wooden skeletons made in 1792, 1810 and 1820, respectively. The former two are of adult male and the latter of female. They were made in surprising accuracy as compared with figures appeared in medical books available in Japan at that time, which suggests scientific readiness of the doctors and skills of the craftsmen. A complete set of the skeleton, except for the hyoid bone, has been preserved for Hoshino and Okuda wooden skeletons, while several bones have been missing in Kagami wooden skeleton. Each bone of Hoshino and Kagami wooden skeletons was made separately and connected by a tenon and a corresponding mortise at the articular surface. So it is hardly considered that all wooden bones were assembled into the whole body skeleton on use. Okuda wooden skeleton, on the other hand, was made for being shown in sitting position. The skull of Hoshino wooden skeleton is of special interest: the skull cap is not open, yet the internal structures of the skull, such as the sella turcica, foramina for nerves and vessels, and sulci for venous sinuses were made in considerable accuracy. Moreover, the proper connection of most foramina was proved between the inside and outside of the skull. The skull caps of Kagami and Okuda wooden skeletons are open as those used in the modern medical education.
[Anatomy education in the University of Queensland].
Kuwamura N, Fukui Y
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Sep · PMID 16196429
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[Meniscofemoral ligament--the anatomy and the descriptive confusion in several anatomical textbooks].
Kato K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Sep · PMID 16196428
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[Application of the modified Sihler's stain technique to cadaveric peripheral nerves after medical students' dissection course].
Sekiya S, Suzuki R, Miyawaki M … +2 more , Chiba S, Kumaki K
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Sep · PMID 16196427
The exact ramification and distribution pattern of the peripheral nerves is one of the most important information for anatomists and clinicians. However, it is very difficult to pursue perfectly all of the fine twigs of...
The exact ramification and distribution pattern of the peripheral nerves is one of the most important information for anatomists and clinicians. However, it is very difficult to pursue perfectly all of the fine twigs of nerve branches even if we use a stereoscopic microscope. Recently, Liu et al. (Anat. Rec., 247: 137, 1997) applied a modified Sihler's stain technique to study the distribution of intramuscular nerve branches in mammalian skeletal muscles. Then, we attempted to apply this technique to plantar nerves of human foot removed from cadavers which were used for ordinary dissection practices at the School of Medicine. Intrinsic muscles of the foot with motor and sensory nerve branches were removed en bloc from bones of the foot. They were macerated and depigmented in 3% aqueous potassium hydroxide, decalcified in Sihler's solution 1. Then, after staining in Sihler's solution II, they were destained in Sihler's solution I, neutralized in 0.05% lithium carbonate, and cleared in increasing concentrations of glycerin. As a result, each nerve fascicle, which are bundles of nerve fibers invested by the perineurium, was very clearly visualized, since only nerve fibers were stained deep blue-purple, while muscles, the epineurium and the perineurium were made transparent in glycerin. We found an anastomosis between a deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and the medial plantar nerve, composed of several nerve fascicles. Therefore, the modified Sihler's stain technique can be applied to cadaveric peripheral nerves after medical students' dissection course.
[Anatomy education in medical and dental schools in Japan].
Kataoka K, Kobayashi S, Sato T … +7 more , Soji T, Shioda S, Torigoe K, Matsumura J, Hisano S, Yasuda Y, Suzaki E
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Jun · PMID 16038445
We studied the anatomy education and the view of anatomy professors on it in medical and dental schools in Japan. In most schools anatomy is taught in the second year. In medical schools, the systematic education separat...
We studied the anatomy education and the view of anatomy professors on it in medical and dental schools in Japan. In most schools anatomy is taught in the second year. In medical schools, the systematic education separating macroscopic and microscopic anatomy is prevalent. Although the tutorial system has been introduced in 80% of medical schools, its introduction into anatomy education has remained at 30%. The tutorial system is regarded to be more effective by engaged professors than non-engaged. Some kinds of clinical anatomy education have been introduced in half of the medical schools surveyed. In dental schools, on the other hand, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy tend to be taught in combination. One third of the dental schools have introduced clinical anatomy but few schools have a tutorial system. The overwhelming majority of professors are evaluated by students and have regarded the evaluation useful for improving their teaching. They also have thought that the questionnaire and the timing of the evaluation must be considered carefully, and that the evaluation should not be directly used for purposes other than the improvement of education. We have made the proposals for further improvement in anatomy education based upon this study.
[Researches of clinical anatomy performed by experienced surgeons and physicians coming from outside of the university].
Murakami G
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Jun · PMID 16038444
These 5 years, twenty experienced surgeons and physicians have come from outside of the university and performed researches of clinical anatomy in my laboratory. This report shows the specific research preparation, actua...
These 5 years, twenty experienced surgeons and physicians have come from outside of the university and performed researches of clinical anatomy in my laboratory. This report shows the specific research preparation, actual research life and related problems. I hope it will provide a new, fruiteful collaboration between the present author and other members of JAA.
[Regional meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Japan. 2004. Abstracts].
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2005 Mar · PMID 16038067
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[Anatomical names of skeletal processes--analysis and classification of Latin names, and comparison with corresponding Japanese names].
Shikano S, Yamashita Y, Sato T
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2004 Dec · PMID 15678993
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Nomina Anatomica, 3rd edition) of the skeletal processes were analyzed and cl...
For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Nomina Anatomica, 3rd edition) of the skeletal processes were analyzed and classified, and compared with the corresponding Japanese anatomical names. The words following Processus indicated: 1) morphological resemblance of the process; 2) the structure to which the process belongs; 3) location of the process; 4) direction of the process; 5) an articulation of the process; 6) the bone or one of the bones with which the process is connected; 7) the structure of which the process is a component; 8) the structure attached to the process; 9) the structure contained in the process; 10) homology of the process; 11) participation in another process; or 12) other uncertain information. Comparison between Latin and Japanese anatomical names clarified some characteristics of each name and revealed some problems in Japanese names.
[Unique structure of the esophago-gastric junction of the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus)].
Takeuchi K, Yoshioka M
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2004 Dec · PMID 15678992
The house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) belongs to the Order Insectivora, and has been used for the research in comparative anatomy as one of the most primitive placental mammals. Another feature of this shrew is its abili...
The house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) belongs to the Order Insectivora, and has been used for the research in comparative anatomy as one of the most primitive placental mammals. Another feature of this shrew is its ability to easily vomit which mimics the human emesis or motion sickness response. The house musk shrew has thus been utilized as a rare small experimental animal for studies on the neurophysiological mechanism of vomiting. However, there is no report investigating the morphological background of vomiting in this species. The purpose of this study is to provide detailed morphological and histological features of the house musk shrew stomach as they possibly correlate to vomiting. The stomachs of ten female house musk shrews were used. Six of them were the wild type (Jic: SUN), two were the high-emesis strain (Jic: SUN-Her) and the rest of them were the low-emesis strain (Jic: Sun-Ler). In addition to the macroscopic anatomy, the region of esophago-gastric (EG) junction and the gastric groove were observed using the light and transmission electron microscopy. Although evident differences in structure of stomach were not found among the three strains, some interesting findings in comparative anatomy were noted. The circular valve-like thick fold was seen at the cardiac portion, which protruded into the esophageal lumen forming a deep groove between its frilled edge and the esophagus. The second frilled ridge was often found as inner ridge of this valve-like thick fold. The esophago-gastric junction between the stratified squamous and the simple columnar epithelium was found at the edge of the second frilled ridge. The lamina propria of the frilled edge was occupied by loose connective tissue and many large lumens of lymphatic vessels. The lamina muscularis mucosae, which developed in the esophageal region, was not in the main frilled edge. A well-developed inner muscle layer was found around the base of the fold, which seemed to correspond to the human lower esophageal sphincter. Cardiac glands occupied most of the thick cardiac wall, forming complicated crypts lined by simple columnar epithelium, and ducts of cardiac gland opened to these crypts. Since the house musk shrew has no esophageal gland, these cardiac glands may actively protect the lower part of the esophagus. In the cardiac wall, the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer largely crossed each other obliquely as same as other reports. The transition area from the striated to the smooth muscle was observed in the sphincter surrounding the distal end of the cardiac wall. The gastric groove, lined by simple columnar epithelium in the lesser curvature, which has been reported to play a role as a shortcut from the cardia to the pylorus in other species including rodents, was also confirmed in the house musk shrew. The mucosal fold in the boundary between the esophageal and the gastric epithelium of house musk shrew may correspond to the structure called the limiting ridge (in mouse, rat and hamster), the teeth-like fimbria or Grenzfalten (in vole), and the gastric teeth (in crustacean and mollusk). The valve-like mucosal fold protruding into the esophageal cavity, the well developed huge cardiac glands, and the cardiac sphincter localized distally to the cardiac gland appear to facilitate the regurgitation of the stomach content, that is, vomiting. These findings suggest that this structure might have developed to support the feeding habit of house musk shrew, and that the differences of strains in vomiting may be determined by neurophysiological mechanisms.
[Relationship between exposure to formaldehyde and symptoms of irritation during human-dissection course at Chiba University].
Ohmichi K, Matsuno Y, Kadota T … +9 more , Koda M, Maekawa M, Toyama Y, Komiyama M, Todaka E, Fukata H, Tatsugi Y, Kohno T, Mori C
Kaibogaku Zasshi · 2004 Sep · PMID 15532611
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