J Ethnopharmacol [JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Ethnopharmacological landscape of Azadirachta indica (Neem): Phytochemical diversity bridging traditional heritage and modern medicine.
Sharma A, Raut SS, Shukla A … +3 more , Parul N, Singh A, Mishra A
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320775 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem) is a cornerstone of traditional medicine across tropical regions, recognized for its broad-spectrum therapeutic applications. However, the translation of...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem) is a cornerstone of traditional medicine across tropical regions, recognized for its broad-spectrum therapeutic applications. However, the translation of its extensive ethnopharmacological legacy into evidence-based therapy is hindered by fragmented reports and a lack of systematic integration. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This narrative review aims to provide a quantitative and mechanistic synthesis of neem's phytochemical diversity and pharmacological landscape, explicitly distinguishing itself from prior work by mapping over 140 bioactive compounds to specific molecular pathways and clinical potential, while critically evaluating translational barriers. METHODS: A literature search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2001 and November 2025, using keywords related to Azadirachta indica, neem phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. RESULTS: Phytochemical investigations have identified over 140 distinct compounds, including limonoids (e.g., azadirachtin, nimbolide, gedunin), flavonoids, and phenolic acids, distributed across all plant parts. These compounds modulate core signaling hubs-NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2, and MAPK-underpinning a broad pharmacological spectrum. Preclinical studies suggest that neem-derived compounds exhibit antiproliferative activity against breast, cervical, colon, and prostate cancer cell lines, although in vitro IC values alone are not predictive of clinical efficacy. Neem extracts and phytochemicals have also demonstrated neuroprotective effects in experimental models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents; however, the translational relevance of these findings to human disease remains to be established through rigorous clinical investigation. Beyond human health, neem's insecticidal and antifeedant properties support eco-friendly agricultural applications. However, clinical validation remains strikingly limited: only fifteen interventional trials are registered, most for oro-dental conditions, with no published phase II/III results for systemic diseases. Toxicological reports confirm dose- and route-dependent risks, including pediatric encephalopathy from neem oil ingestion and embryotoxicity, necessitating explicit safety guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Neem possesses validated, multi-target therapeutic potential, yet its clinical translation is currently impeded by poor bioavailability, extract standardization gaps, and a paucity of rigorous human trials. Future research must prioritize pharmacokinetic optimization (e.g., nanoformulations), establishment of certified reference materials, and well-designed phase trials in oncology and metabolic disease, rather than further preclinical cataloging.
Ditan Decoction alleviates glutamate excitotoxicity in an Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease-like model through the regulation of ERBB2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Ren L, Liu S, Sun X … +4 more , Zhang Y, Wang P, Liu L, Chen LL
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320774 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the most prevalent form of dementia among the elders, poses a major global health challenge. Ditan Decoction (DTD), a classic prescription from traditional Chi...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the most prevalent form of dementia among the elders, poses a major global health challenge. Ditan Decoction (DTD), a classic prescription from traditional Chinese medicine, demonstrates potent capacity against neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the specific components of DTD and its mechanisms in treating AD remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study was designed to investigate the underlying substance basis and molecular mechanisms of DTD in treating Aβ-induced cognitive decline in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The AD model rats established by Aβ injection were subjected to cognitive function assessment through Y-maze, Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Neuronal damage and dendritic spine integrity were evaluated by Nissl and Golgi staining. The constituent assignment of DTD in vitro and in vivo was accomplished by LC-MS, and potential targets for AD treatment were predicted through network pharmacology, broad-target metabolomics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Immunofluorescence and neurotransmitter assay served to analyze neuronal activation levels and glutamate content. Protein expressions of signal pathway were detected in hippocampus and validated by serum pharmacology in HT22 cells using Western blot analysis. RESULTS: DTD treatment significantly alleviated the cognitive dysfunction in AD model rats. LC-MS analysis identified 268 compounds in DTD, with 23 active ingredients absorbed in vivo. Integrated analyses combining network pharmacology, metabolomic profiling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that DTD may exert therapeutic effects against AD by lowering glutamate levels in hippocampus via the regulation of ERBB2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. DTD upregulated the expression of ERBB2 and p-AKT, reduced glutamate-induced neuronal activation levels and hippocampal glutamate content, and elevated the level of synaptic proteins PSD95, Syn1 and NR2A/B, thereby improving the structural and functional integrity of synapses. Cell tests confirmed that DTD alleviated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and synaptic dysfunction in HT22 cells via ERBB2/PI3K/AKT pathway, which was abolished by ERBB2 inhibitor AG-825 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism of DTD within AD model rats. DTD improves synaptic dysfunction by reducing hippocampal glutamate concentrations and counteracting glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity via the ERBB2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Exploring the pharmaceutical potential of Pistacia lentiscus L. acqueus extracts as a therapeutic agent against osteoarthritis manifestations: an in vitro study.
Mastandrea G, Sardellitti L, Szotakova B … +7 more , Langhansova L, Bullitta S, Serralutzu F, Dore A, Doria C, Caggiari G, Milia EP
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42320773 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pistacia lentiscus L. (PLL) is traditionally used in Sardinian folk medicine for osteoarthritis (OA) and represents a source of polyphenols with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pistacia lentiscus L. (PLL) is traditionally used in Sardinian folk medicine for osteoarthritis (OA) and represents a source of polyphenols with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the phenolic profile, the antioxidant potency, the total phenolic content, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory properties of an aqueous leaf extract of PLL to explore its possible relevance in OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total phenolic content was assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. The polyphenols were also characterized by a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant ability was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The anti-inflammatory activity was examined through COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition while, the cytotoxicity was evaluated in dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK), human gingival fibroblasts (HGnF), and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) by using the WST-1 and the xCELLigence assays. RESULTS: The total phenolic content was 249.78 ± 37.10 mg GAE/g DW, where myricetin glycoside and catechin were the most abundant compounds. The DPPH scavenging capacity showed an IC value 32.22 ± 6.43 μg/mL indicating considerable antioxidant potential of the extract. At 10 μg/mL the extract inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 by 92.07% and 71.04%, respectively, with IC values of 5.14 μg/mL and 13.87 μg/mL. No relevant cytotoxicity was observed at lower concentrations in the tested cell lines. CONCLUSION: PLL extract shows high total phenolic content, which together with the DPPH document strong antioxidant potency of the compound. This data together with the marked anti-inflammatory activity, and the limited cytotoxicity, support the potential interest of PLL extract as a natural candidate to counteract OA manifestations.
Vasodilatory study of Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil methanolic extract using rats aortic ring assay.
Loh HW, Tew WY, Yan CS … +8 more , Low CY, Hassan Z, Qiu Q, Yang B, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Chear NJY, Yam MF
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320772 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mitragyna speciosa, also known as ketum, has been traditionally used in Southeast Asia for managing fatigue, pain, and hypertension. In Malaysia, the leaf decoction is consumed to alleviat...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mitragyna speciosa, also known as ketum, has been traditionally used in Southeast Asia for managing fatigue, pain, and hypertension. In Malaysia, the leaf decoction is consumed to alleviate symptoms associated with elevated blood pressure. However, the potential vasodilatory activity of M. speciosa and its possible mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was designed as an initial ex vivo investigation of the vasodilatory activity of the methanolic leaf extract of M. speciosa (KME) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of vascular relaxation. METHODS: The ex vivo vasodilatory effects of KME were evaluated using isolated rat thoracic aortic rings. Endothelium-dependent pathways, such as the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and muscarinic receptors, were studied using pharmacological inhibitors. The roles of ion channels, including potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) channels, were also assessed. The alkaloid profile of KME was determined using a well-established UPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS: KME produced concentration-dependent relaxation in precontracted aortic rings under ex vivo conditions. Mitragynine exhibited a similar relaxation profile and could be a significant contributor to the vasorelaxant activity of KME. Endothelial denudation and inhibition of NO/sGC/cGMP signalling pathway significantly reduced the KME-induced relaxation, indicating an endothelium-dependent mechanism in this model. Muscarinic receptor blockade also reduced the relaxation response. Potassium and calcium-channel-related mechanisms contributed partially to the response. UPLC-MS analysis revealed that mitragynine is the major indole alkaloid in KME, along with speciociliatine, speciogynine, corynantheidine, paynantheine, and mitraciliatine. CONCLUSIONS: KME demonstrated concentration-dependent ex vivo vasorelaxant activity in isolated rat aortic rings, primarily though endothelium-dependent NO/sGC/cGMP and partial contributions from muscarinic receptors and ion channels. These findings provide preliminary mechanistic support for the traditional use of M. speciosa in blood pressure-related conditions; however, they do not establish in vivo antihypertensive efficacy. Further in vivo, molecular, pharmacokinetic, and safety studies are required to clarify its pharmacological profile and therapeutic relevance.
Angelica dahurica alleviates migraine via ameliorating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Yu D, Song H, Wang T … +5 more , Li N, Cai M, Zhang D, Li S, Zhang H
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320771 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Angelica dahurica radix (ADR), originating from Shennong Bencao Jing, is renowned for its ability to resolve the exterior, disperse cold, and relieve pain. ADR has a history of over one th...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Angelica dahurica radix (ADR), originating from Shennong Bencao Jing, is renowned for its ability to resolve the exterior, disperse cold, and relieve pain. ADR has a history of over one thousand years in treating headache and migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are critical drivers of migraine pathology. Angelica dahurica (ADR), a venerable medicinal and edible herb derived from Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. or its variety formosana, demonstrates significant anti-migraine potential; however, its bioactive profile and underlying immunopharmacological mechanisms remain elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we established a comprehensive strategy integrating chemical profiling with systems biology to decode the efficacy of ADR. Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and molecular networking, we characterized the chemical constituents and identified bioavailable compounds in the bloodstream. In a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced rat migraine model, ADR treatment remarkably reversed hyperalgesia. Crucially, an integrated non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, unveiled the core therapeutic network. RESULTS: We identified byakangelicin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and bergapten as key absorbed bioactive components. Mechanistically, these compounds exert potent neuroprotective effects by blockading the TRPV1/CaMKII axis and the GNA11/ERK/COX-2 inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION: This study provides novel insights into the pharmacological basis of ADR.
Unveiling the medicinal potential of Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae) in China: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity.
Cui Y, Ren J, Xin H … +2 more , Shen N, Cui Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320770 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) comprises 103 species worldwide, 30 of which are found in China. Several of these species, collectively referred to as "Xue Ling Zhi" in Tibetan medicine,...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) comprises 103 species worldwide, 30 of which are found in China. Several of these species, collectively referred to as "Xue Ling Zhi" in Tibetan medicine, have long been used to treat pulmonary diseases, inflammation, and fever. However, a comprehensive and critical review of their ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology is lacking. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This is the first comprehensive review to critically assess traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of medicinal Eremogone species in China, to identify knowledge gaps, and to propose research priorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Elsevier, CNKI, and PubMed (1970-2026). Classical texts of Tibetan, Mongolian, and Traditional Chinese Medicine were also consulted. Species names were verified using The Plant List, Flora of China, and POWO. RESULTS: Among the 11 medicinally used Eremogone species, over 90% of the published studies have focused solely on E. kansuensis. Phytochemical investigations have identified 110 compounds, with characteristic flavonolignans and β-carboline alkaloids, along with flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. Pharmacological studies validate traditional uses, showing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-hypoxic, and anti-pulmonary fibrotic activities. Notably, the anti-inflammatory activity of β-carboline alkaloids is correlated with the number of carbonyl groups, and anti-fibrotic effects involve inhibition of TGF-β and NF-κB pathways. Toxicological data indicate that oral administration of E. kansuensis is safe, whereas its marked hemolytic activity precludes intravenous administration. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic potential of Eremogone species, particularly for high-altitude medicine, is linked to their unique chemical profiles shaped by extreme environmental conditions. This review reveals critical research gaps: 1) ten of the 11 medicinal species remain virtually unexplored; 2) most pharmacological studies lack deep mechanistic validation; 3) chronic toxicity data for isolated compounds are absent. Prioritising understudied species and rigorous structure-activity relationship studies will be essential for rational drug development from this genus.
Exploring the neuroprotective mechanism of lumbrokinase against ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation.
Liu Z, Xu W, Zhang Y … +5 more , Bai Y, Dong A, Han D, Wang B, Liu Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320769 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that remains a major cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. In China and across East Asia, Lumbricus (earthworm) has long be...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that remains a major cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. In China and across East Asia, Lumbricus (earthworm) has long been used in traditional medicine for the management of stroke and related cerebrovascular disorders. As a major bioactive component of Lumbricus, lumbrokinase exhibits thrombolytic and anticoagulant activities. The present study investigated whether LK exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by modulating TLR4/NF-κB-related inflammatory signaling. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of lumbrokinase against ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Candidate targets and signaling pathways were predicted by network pharmacology, and binding interactions were assessed by molecular docking. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was then established to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of lumbrokinase. Neurological deficits, infarct volume, pathway-related proteins, and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by behavioral tests, TTC staining, Western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS: Network analysis identified 49 overlapping inflammation-related targets significantly enriched in TLR4/NF-κB-related pathways. Molecular docking revealed favorable binding affinities (all < -5.0 kcal/mol) between lumbrokinase and core inflammatory mediators, including PTGS2, TRAF6, MyD88, and TLR4. In the MCAO model, lumbrokinase improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume across three doses, with the medium dose (12,000 U/kg) providing the most consistent benefit. Lumbrokinase also decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TAK1 and p-NF-κB/NF-κB, as well as brain levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSION: Lumbrokinase may confer neuroprotection in ischemic stroke, partly in association with attenuation of TLR4/NF-κB-related neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain.
Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) decoction promotes NR2F2-dependent pulmonary endothelial repair in an H9N2-induced lung injury model.
Ye Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y … +8 more , Qiao C, Guo H, Zhi Y, Zhang C, Hu G, Zhang T, Wu Y, Zhang Q
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42314812 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) has long been used for conditions related to "lung and spleen qi deficiency", including fatigue and cough/shortness of breath, and is commonly prescribed dur...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) has long been used for conditions related to "lung and spleen qi deficiency", including fatigue and cough/shortness of breath, and is commonly prescribed during convalescence. AIM OF THE STUDY: To test whether a chemically characterized C. pilosula decoction promotes pulmonary endothelial repair after H9N2-induced injury and whether this effect is NR2F2 (COUP-TFII)-dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The decoction was chemically profiled (HPLC/LC-MS) to provide a reference fingerprint. H9N2-challenged mice received low-, medium- or high-dose decoction. Lung injury, edema and inflammatory indices were assessed together with endothelial markers (CD31, VE-cadherin) and junctional proteins. NR2F2 and downstream effectors (NRP1, CCND1) were quantified at mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, H9N2-injured mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were treated with C. pilosula-containing serum, with or without NR2F2 overexpression or knockdown. Viability/proliferation, migration, tube formation and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) were measured, alongside pathway activation. RESULTS: In vivo, the decoction ameliorated H9N2-induced lung injury, reduced edema/inflammatory readouts and improved barrier-associated outcomes. It preserved pulmonary microvascular endothelial abundance and continuity, as indicated by restored CD31 and VE-cadherin signals, and was accompanied by recovery of junctional markers. Mechanistically, NR2F2 expression was increased, with concordant upregulation of NRP1 and CCND1 at transcript and protein levels in injured lungs. In vitro, C. pilosula-containing serum enhanced MVEC repair functions, including viability/proliferation, migration and barrier recovery (TEER), together with induction of the NR2F2-NRP1-CCND1 axis. NR2F2 knockdown largely attenuated these effects, while NR2F2 overexpression partially recapitulated key pro-repair phenotypes. CONCLUSION: A chemically characterized C. pilosula decoction supports NR2F2-dependent endothelial repair after viral-induced lung injury.
Tibetan medicine Siwei Zhixie Mutang powder ameliorates ulcerative colitis by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling.
Yue G, Xu C, Liu H … +9 more , Zhu Z, Chen Y, Jiang G, Liu X, Dou J, Mo G, Ren Q, Wan J, Li C
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314811 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Siwei Zhixie Mutang Powder (SZMP) is a traditional Tibetan herbal formula widely used for gastrointestinal disorders, including enteritis, colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dysentery....
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Siwei Zhixie Mutang Powder (SZMP) is a traditional Tibetan herbal formula widely used for gastrointestinal disorders, including enteritis, colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dysentery. Since ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon within the broader spectrum of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the traditional use of SZMP provides an ethnopharmacological basis for investigating its effects in experimental colitis. However, its key bioactive constituents and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to identify the principal active compounds, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms by which SZMP exerts protective effects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An integrative strategy combining UPLC-MS/MS analysis, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MD), microscale thermophoresis (MST), and in vivo experimental validation was established. A DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model was used to evaluate disease activity, histopathological injury, inflammatory responses, apoptosis-related changes, and the activation status of the JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS: UPLC-MS/MS identified 40 major constituents in SZMP, and 132 potential bioactive compounds with 913 predicted targets were retained after SwissADME screening. Integrated network pharmacology and transcriptomics revealed that SZMP mainly regulated inflammation- and apoptosis-related processes, particularly the JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. In DSS-induced colitis mice, SZMP alleviated disease symptoms, colonic injury, inflammatory cytokine overproduction, and excessive apoptosis, while inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB activation. UPLC-MS/MS quantification showed low levels of aristolochic acid A and strychnine in SZMP, and no obvious toxicity-related signs or major organ abnormalities were observed after 7 days of administration. Docking, MD simulation, and MST further supported a stable and direct interaction between (+)-catechin and TNFR1. CONCLUSION: SZMP protected against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, possibly through multi-constituent regulation of inflammation- and apoptosis-related targets, mainly involving the JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. MD simulation and MST further showed that (+)-catechin directly bound to TNFR1, suggesting its potential role in modulating the TNF/TNFR1-NF-κB inflammatory axis. In addition, UPLC-MS/MS quantification and 7-day safety evaluation indicated low exposure levels of aristolochic acid A and strychnine, with no obvious toxicity-related signs or major organ abnormalities observed under the experimental conditions. These findings provide experimental evidence for the pharmacodynamic basis, mechanism, and short-term safety profile of SZMP in UC intervention.
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.: A comprehensive review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control.
Yang X, Xie J, Su S … +4 more , Wu J, Wang L, Peng W, Zhang Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314810 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: In traditional Chinese medicine, Eugenia caryophllyata Thunb. (Clove) is considered warm in nature and pungent in flavor, entering the spleen, stomach, lung, and kidney meridians (In traditio...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: In traditional Chinese medicine, Eugenia caryophllyata Thunb. (Clove) is considered warm in nature and pungent in flavor, entering the spleen, stomach, lung, and kidney meridians (In traditional Chinese medicine theory, "meridian tropism" refers to the selective therapeutic effect of a medicinal substance on certain zang-fu organs and meridians of the human body. This herb primarily acts on the spleen, stomach, lung, and kidney, as well as their corresponding meridians). Its core functions are warming the middle to descend counterflow, dispelling cold to alleviate pain, and warming the kidney to assist yang (Through comprehensive regulation of the neuro-endocrine-immune network, it corrects functional decline centered on hypofunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axes-including the adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal axes-while also improving energy metabolism, enhancing immunity, and counteracting oxidative stress. In this way, it restores normal physiological function and internal homeostasis at multiple levels and through multiple targets). Traditionally, it is used to treat stomach cold vomiting, hiccups, epigastric and abdominal cold pain, and kidney deficiency impotence. Ancient people often held cloves in their mouths to eliminate bad breath, an effect closely related to its properties of warming the middle to dispel cold and its aromatic qualities for resolving turbidity. AIM OF THE REVIEW: A systematic review of Clove is presented herein, encompassing its historical applications, chemical composition, biological effects, and quality evaluation, with further insights into potential areas for subsequent investigation. METHODS: Data for this review were gathered from two primary sources: classical texts of traditional medicine (Bencao Gangmu, Dictionary of Chinese Ethnic Medicine) and peer-reviewed scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI). Studies pertaining to the pharmacology, clinical applications, and ethnomedical uses of clove and Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. Were retrieved using relevant keywords and subsequently underwent rigorous critical analysis. RESULT: As a traditional interior-warming medicinal, clove is considered in traditional Chinese medicine theory to be warm in nature and pungent in flavor, entering the spleen, stomach, lung, and kidney meridians. Its core efficacies are warming the middle to descend counterflow, dispelling cold to alleviate pain, and warming the kidney to assist yang. Traditionally, it is used for conditions such as stomach cold vomiting, hiccups, toothache, and impotence. Modern research indicates that its main chemical components are volatile oils (predominantly eugenol, with content reaching 15%-20%) along with non-volatile constituents such as flavonoids and tannins. Its pharmacological effects include antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions (inhibiting periodontal pathogens and Helicobacter pylori), regulation of digestion (bidirectional regulation of gastrointestinal motility), antioxidant activity, analgesia, and inhibition of osteoclast activation. In terms of quality control, traditionally, those with large size, high oil content, and strong aroma were considered superior. The current Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China uses a eugenol content of not less than 11.0% as the core indicator. Future research needs to further refine the multi-index composite quality evaluation system and deeply elucidate the mechanisms of action of its bioactive components. DISCUSSION: Current research on clove faces several limitations: a single quality evaluation index relying solely on eugenol content, an unclear pharmacodynamic material basis, fragmented understanding of its mechanisms of action, and developmental bottlenecks in resource utilization due to the poor stability of eugenol. Future prospects include constructing a knowledge graph that integrates multi-source data to explore the "medicinal material-component-target" associations; deepening research on bioactive substances and mechanisms, such as investigating the regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels; refining a multi-index composite quality evaluation system; and making breakthroughs in technologies like nano-encapsulation to expand its applications in daily chemical products such as oral care and antibacterial gels. Overall, the goal is to transition from fragmented data to systematic knowledge, promoting quality standardization and industrial diversification.
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of asthma: From the insight on programmed cell death.
Yao D, Du Y, Yuan X … +4 more , Qian Z, Fang Y, You M, He X
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42314809 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a time-honored and holistic practice that is used to treat various diseases. The extensive medicinal properties of TCM, particularly Chinese herbal me...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a time-honored and holistic practice that is used to treat various diseases. The extensive medicinal properties of TCM, particularly Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), are well-established in the context of asthma treatment. The emerging concept of medicinal food homology (MFH) has focused considerable attention on the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of TCM in asthma treatment. AIM OF THE WORK: This review summarizes the role of programmed cell death (PCD) in asthma pathogenesis. It delineates the mechanisms and benefits of TCM in asthma treatment and presents a theoretical basis for asthma management via PCD modulation. Additionally, it offers insights into future research directions and challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pubmed, CNKI, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched using the following keywords: "apoptosis," "autophagy," "ferroptosis," "pyroptosis," "necroptosis," "asthma," and "TCM". Articles on in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from inception to March 2026 were selected for inclusion. Plant taxonomy was verified using the Medicinal Plant Names Services, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Plant List databases in March 2026. Contemporary research evidence integrated with TCM theory was used to summarize the mechanisms by which TCM active components suppress PCD and help manage asthma. RESULTS: TCM mitigates asthma-related symptoms such as airway inflammation and remodeling via PCD modulation by regulating the expression of key proteins and signaling pathways. Mechanistically, in asthma, TCM compounds regulate apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt signaling axes, suppress autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, alleviate ferroptosis via the GPX4/SLC7A11 axis, and block pyroptosis by targeting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD inflammasome. However, research on TCM-based regulation of necroptosis asthma remains limited. The therapeutic effects of TCM interventions for asthma are deeply rooted in TCM theories on lung, spleen, and kidney dysfunction and ethnopharmacological foundations, including MFH. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the role of PCD in asthma, furnishes a theoretical foundation for TCM-based interventions for asthma via PCD modulation, delineates the molecular mechanisms of the factors in the five primary PCD pathways, synopsizes the intervention mechanism and application of TCM in asthma treatment via PCD modulation, and presents reference concepts for the advancement of TCM interventions for asthma. The review concludes by identifying future research directions and limitations.
Ethnopharmacological investigation of Elaeocarpus sylvestris leaf extract in mitigating atopic dermatitis-like lesions via inflammatory signaling modulation.
Kim SY, Do YJ, Lee SJ … +9 more , Cho YE, Cho SY, Lee YW, Lee SW, Lee NH, Bae JY, Lee S, Lee SH, Park SJ
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42314808 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Historically, Elaeocarpus sylvestris has served as a traditional medicinal agent for inflammatory disorders across East Asia. Recent studies have reported its antioxidant and anti-inflamma...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Historically, Elaeocarpus sylvestris has served as a traditional medicinal agent for inflammatory disorders across East Asia. Recent studies have reported its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic resource for inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). However, its pharmacological relevance to AD and the cellular signaling cascades remain insufficiently elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to pharmacologically validate the traditional use of E. sylvestris by investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic effects of its leaf ethanol extract (ESLE) and elucidating the associated molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inflammatory profiles of LPS-primed HaCaT cells were analyzed to evaluate the bioactivity of ESLE. We employed western blotting to dissect the intracellular signaling networks, focusing on the IRAK4-mediated MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT pathways. The study also extended to a DNCB-induced murine model of AD, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of efficacy of ESLE through histopathological examination and transepidermal water loss measurements. RESULTS: Geraniin was confirmed as a representative biomarker to verify ESLE's identity. ESLE significantly inhibited NO and PGE production by downregulating iNOS and COX-2, while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in keratinocytes. These effects were mediated by the suppression of IRAK4-dependent MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling. Furthermore, ESLE improved skin barrier function and attenuated AD hallmarks, including mast cell infiltration, serum IgE elevation, and lymphoid organ hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: ESLE attenuates inflammatory responses and improves AD-like symptoms, potentially through modulation of inflammation-related signaling pathways. These findings support the pharmacological relevance of E. sylvestris and its traditional use in inflammatory skin conditions.
Nao-xin-tong capsule attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating the p53/GDF15/NOX4 regulatory network and alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis-related injury.
Jiao J, Shang J, Yan M … +5 more , Wang B, Wei W, Cui Y, Zhang J, Liu X
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314807 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nao-xin-tong (NXT) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine prescription for replenishing qi and activating blood circulation, and has been widely used in the prevention and treatm...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Nao-xin-tong (NXT) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine prescription for replenishing qi and activating blood circulation, and has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remain incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate whether NXT alleviates CIRI by regulating the p53/GDF15/NOX4 regulatory network, thereby improving mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis. In particular, the protective effect of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and its interaction with NXT were explored in both in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in PC12 cells and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in rats were established. The pharmacological effects and mechanisms of NXT were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical assays, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transcriptomic analysis. In addition, recombinant human GDF15 (rhGDF15), and GDF15 knockdown were used for mechanistic validation. RESULTS: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS identified multiple constituents in NXT. Both OGD/R and tMCAO induced marked oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and ferroptosis-related alterations. NXT increased cell viability, improved neuronal and mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced ROS, MDA, and total iron levels, enhanced SOD, GSH-Px, and ATPase activities, upregulated mitochondrial electron transport chain-related targets, and reversed the abnormal expression of ferroptosis-related molecules, including GPX4 and ACSL4. Medium-dose NXT showed the most consistent protection. Mechanistically, NXT inhibited p53 nuclear translocation and downregulated p53, GDF15, and NOX4 expression. rhGDF15 further enhanced the neuroprotective effect, whereas GDF15 knockdown attenuated the therapeutic efficacy of NXT. CONCLUSION: NXT exerts significant protective effects against CIRI by regulating the p53/GDF15/NOX4 regulatory network, reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis. GDF15 acts as an important endogenous protective factor and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi: Extraction, purification strategies, structural characterization, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships.
Zhang Z, Cheng G, Liu P … +3 more , Ye K, Gao S, Tan H
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314806 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutellaria baicalensis, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), has dried roots that are widely used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "Huangqin"....
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutellaria baicalensis, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae), has dried roots that are widely used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known as "Huangqin". As one of the major chemical constituents of S. baicalensis, its polysaccharides exhibit diverse biological activities, including immunomodulatory effects, regulation of gut microbiota, antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and antimicrobial properties. Modern pharmacological studies have further confirmed the intrinsic relationship between these activities and traditional therapeutic uses at the molecular level, while also revealing their potential applications in functional foods, dietary supplements, and food additives, thereby providing scientific support for the modernization and application of traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: To systematically summarize the latest research progress on the extraction, isolation, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of Scutellaria baicalensis polysaccharides (SBP), and to explore their structure-activity relationships and potential research directions, with the aim of supporting their further development and application in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, and the latest advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of SBP were comprehensively reviewed. RESULTS: Various extraction methods have been established, including hot water extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction, among which the Sevag method is commonly employed for deproteinization during purification. Structural studies have primarily focused on monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage patterns. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that these polysaccharides possess multiple biological activities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and gut microbiota-regulating effects. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that the biological activities of SBP are collectively determined by their multi-level fine structures, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, types and patterns of glycosidic linkages, and higher-order spatial conformations, all of which play critical roles in their biological functions. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable progress has been achieved in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological evaluation of SBP, demonstrating promising pharmacological potential in immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and metabolic regulation. However, their higher-order structural characteristics, the structure-activity relationships between specific structural motifs and biological activities, as well as in vivo processes such as bioavailability and metabolic fate, still require further investigation.
A new renal protective strategy: Shenfu decoction targets hypertensive renal disease through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway.
Zhang L, Wang M, Liu W … +6 more , Cui X, Liu C, Yu H, Hu J, Yang D, Sun H
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309273 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shenfu Decoction (SFD) is a traditional famous prescription for replenishing qi and restoring yang. Pharmacological research has confirmed that SFD can warm and tonify yang qi and exerts g...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shenfu Decoction (SFD) is a traditional famous prescription for replenishing qi and restoring yang. Pharmacological research has confirmed that SFD can warm and tonify yang qi and exerts good therapeutic effects on cardiovascular-related diseases. However, there are no reports on kidney diseases caused by hypertension, and its molecular mechanism needs further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate whether SFD ameliorates hypertensive renal disease (HRD) and to clarify whether such protection is achieved through alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent inhibition of apoptosis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Combining network pharmacology, an Ang II-induced hypertensive kidney injury model in C57BL/6 mice, and the NRK-52E cell model, renal function, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis were assessed. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between SIRT1 and PGC-1α. RESULTS: SFD treatment improved AngII-induced renal dysfunction without altering blood pressure. Network pharmacology combined with experiments identified stigmasterol (STI) as the active component, which alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress/inflammation, and decreases apoptosis by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. Mechanistically, the N-terminus of SIRT1 can directly interact with the PGC-1α D2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that SFD and its active STI alleviate HRD by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells.
Insights in pharmacological activities and the gastrointestinal stability of paraconic acids from Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.
Villicaña González E, Sanchez Armengol E, Breynaert A … +9 more , Lauwers S, Foubert K, Rispoli RM, Pieters L, Stuppner H, Marzocco S, Hermans N, Laffleur F, Schwaiger S
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42309272 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cetraria islandica, often used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, is also described as remedy to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers. Among the known constituents, paraconic acids, s...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cetraria islandica, often used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, is also described as remedy to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers. Among the known constituents, paraconic acids, such as lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acid, have shown several pharmacological activities, including inhibition of 5-LOX and COX isoenzymes. Interestingly, they can be extracted into hot water preparations, but their possible contribution to activities in the gastrointestinal tract remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: To identify the activity contribution of paraconic acids in the treatment of intestinal complaints. METHODS: Isolated paraconic acids were extensively evaluated in vitro to understand their biological effects on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) after LPS-IFN-γ stimulation. The study focused on their ability to modulate key cellular responses, specifically evaluating levels of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), as well as the antioxidant enzymes NQO1 and SOD-2. Furthermore, their impact on E-cadherin expression and wound healing capabilities were investigated under the same experimental conditions. In a second step, biological relevance was evaluated by stability monitoring in a gastrointestinal digestion model with colon phase. RESULTS: Outcomes of the performed experiments indicate that paraconic acids exert antioxidant activity and promote wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells during LPS-IFN-γ stimulation. Analysis of the metabolic fate of paraconic acids after oral administration using an in vitro digestion model, including the colon phase, revealed an unexpected stability of this class of natural compounds throughout the whole experiment, emphasizing their contribution to the pharmacological activities. CONCLUSION: Paraconic acids showed in vitro antioxidant and wound healing effects in IEC-6, combined with an unexpected chemical stability during digestion. Together with known anti-inflammatory properties, paraconic acids represent an interesting compound class for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases, and might explain the traditional use of C. islandica for gastro-intestinal indications.
Eryngium species in diabetes management: a systematic review of ethnopharmacological evidence and mechanisms of action.
Espinoza-Hernández FA, Andrade-Cetto A
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42309271 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several species of the genus Eryngium are traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in different regions; however, it is still unclear to what extent these uses are supported by mec...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several species of the genus Eryngium are traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in different regions; however, it is still unclear to what extent these uses are supported by mechanistic pharmacological evidence. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically evaluate and critically synthesize the available evidence on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of Eryngium species, with special emphasis on the agreement between traditional use and experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 2025, using the terms "Eryngium" and "diabetes." Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted on the plant species, plant part, type of extraction, experimental model, dosage, and proposed mechanisms of action. RESULTS: A total of 13 Eryngium species with reported antidiabetic activity were identified, supported primarily by in vitro and in vivo studies, with limited clinical evidence. The main described mechanisms include modulation of insulin secretion and sensitivity, protection of β-cells, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of lipid metabolism, and inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the experimental designs, including variability in the plant parts used, extraction methods, and dosage regimens. Notably, most studies employed extraction procedures and dosages that do not reflect traditional preparations, highlighting a significant gap between ethnopharmacological knowledge and experimental validation. CONCLUSION: While Eryngium species show promising hypoglycemic mechanisms at the preclinical level, current evidence is limited by methodological heterogeneity and a lack of translational consistency. Future research should prioritize standardization of extracts, their suitability for traditional use, and rigorous evaluation of efficacy and safety to support their clinical applicability.
Neuroprotective effects of Chaihu-Longgu-Muli Decoction in an insomnia-depression comorbidity model via Galectin-3-dependent JAK2/STAT3 inhibition.
Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang Z … +9 more , Jiang J, Ji S, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Qiao P, Yu M, Xiang M, Huang P
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42309270 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu-Longgu-Muli Decoction (CLMD) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula from the Shanghan Lun comprising Bupleureum chinense DC., Os Draconis, Concha Ostreae, and the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu-Longgu-Muli Decoction (CLMD) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula from the Shanghan Lun comprising Bupleureum chinense DC., Os Draconis, Concha Ostreae, and the other herbs. Traditionally used to harmonize Shaoyang, calm Shen (spirit), and treat emotional disturbances and insomnia related to liver qi stagnation. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate CLMD's therapeutic efficacy in insomnia-depression comorbidity and elucidate molecular mechanisms through bioinformatics and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differentially expressed genes were identified from the GEO database, and key targets were screened using machine-learning approaches. Functional enrichment and single-cell analyses were performed to explore biological relevance. Molecular docking was used to assess compound target interactions. A mouse model of insomnia-depression comorbidity was established using chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with sleep deprivation, followed by CLMD treatment and behavioral evaluation. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted in astrocytes with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) overexpression to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: Bioinformatics identified Gal-3 as the core target, and KEGG/GSEA highlighted JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Docking indicated strong binding of major CLMD constituents to Gal-3. In a CUMS plus sleep deprivation mouse model, CLMD improved depressive-like behaviors and sleep architecture, reduced Gal-3/JAK2/p-STAT3 expression, and regulated inflammatory and neurochemical markers. In vitro, CLMD improved cell viability, reduced apoptosis and ROS, and suppressed Gal-3-induced JAK2/STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS: CLMD alleviates insomnia-depression comorbidity by inhibiting Gal-3-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling, reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing neuroprotection.
Corrigendum to "Exploring the mechanism of Sinisan in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with depression based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation" [J. Ethnopharmacol. (2025) (347) 119696].
Zheng M, Liu H, Zhang R … +8 more , Guo X, Shao Q, Zhang J, Li L, Wang J, Miao S, Shi X, Ma S
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42303490 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Corrigendum to "Oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside alleviates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rat by regulating Nrf2/x-CT/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis" [Journal of Ethnopharmacology 353 (2025) 120369].
Wang C, Li Z, Liu L … +7 more , Jia W, Geng X, Liu H, Wang C, Wu Y, Lin H, Liu J
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42303489 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe