J Ethnopharmacol [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Achyranthis bidentatae radix: A comprehensive review of botany, processing methods, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics.
Yang Z, Deng B, Song R … +5 more , Gao C, Sun Y, Zhu T, Zhu L, Sheng H
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302952 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Achyranthis bidentatae radix (ABR, Niu-Xi in Chinese) is a well-documented medicinal herb with a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Traditional application records...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Achyranthis bidentatae radix (ABR, Niu-Xi in Chinese) is a well-documented medicinal herb with a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Traditional application records suggest that ABR may be widely used for treating conditions such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, waist and knee pain, muscle and bone weakness, stranguria, edema, headache, dizziness, toothache, oral aphthae, hematemesis, and epistaxis. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This paper provides a comprehensive review of ABR, encompassing its botany, processing methods, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. It aims to offer an overview of current research to facilitate further exploration and utilization of ABR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used "Achyranthis bidentatae radix", "Achyranthes bidentata Bl." and "NiuXi" as the keywords to gather relevant information on ABR from different databases, including PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Literature on non-medicinal parts, including stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds, was excluded. RESULTS: To date, 204 compounds have been isolated and identified from ABR, including triterpenoid saponins, steroids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, polypeptides, volatile oils, and other chemical components. Triterpenoid saponins, steroids and polysaccharides exert the main pharmacological effects, including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. ABR also exhibits other pharmacological activities, including nephroprotective, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, and cardioprotective effects. Toxicological studies confirm ABR's general safety at conventionally recommended dosages, while pharmacokinetic investigations have clarified the in vivo behaviors of β-ecdysterone and triterpenoid saponins from ABR. In addition, this paper addresses the shortcomings of current research on ABR and proposes potential future research directions. CONCLUSIONS: ABR exhibits a diverse chemical composition and a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, studies on the single active compounds of ABR remain insufficient. Research on their in vivo mechanisms of action is limited and lacks clinical trial validation, while research on the mechanisms of multi-component synergistic effects remains incomplete. Future studies should therefore focus on the identification of bioactive constituents, along with systematic pharmacological and clinical evaluation. Quality control research on ABR and its processed products must be strengthened to ensure their safe and effective application. Furthermore, in-depth investigations into the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of ABR will provide a scientific basis for its clinical application.
Cardioprotective effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction of Petiveria alliacea L. in hypertensive rats under isoprenaline-induced stress.
Pael LAB, Pessoa LB, da Silva MLF … +13 more , Marques AAM, Moreno KGT, Kittelson KS, Silva BV, Neto JPV, da Silva GP, de Moura Costa C, Dos Santos AC, de Carvalho TLGS, Machado CD, da Silva DB, Manfron J, Junior AG
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302951 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. The use of complementary therapies, particularly medicinal plants, has become increasingly prev...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. The use of complementary therapies, particularly medicinal plants, has become increasingly prevalent as a therapeutic option. Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) is a prominent species widely distributed across Brazil. Regarding its ethnopharmacological application, studies involving folk healers have documented the use of this species to treat various disorders of the cardiovascular system. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the cardioprotective effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction obtained from the aerial parts of P. alliacea in hypertensive rats subjected to isoprenaline-induced cardiac stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aerial parts of P. alliacea were collected, and an aqueous extract was prepared via infusion. This extract was subsequently treated with ethanol to yield the ethanol-soluble fraction of P. alliacea (ESPA). Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were assigned to the following experimental groups: naïve, negative control (vehicle), metoprolol (10 mg/kg), and ESPA (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg). All hypertensive groups received isoprenaline (4.5 mg/kg, s.c.) once daily for four consecutive days. After a 28-day treatment period, renal function, electrocardiographic parameters, blood pressure, and mesenteric vascular bed reactivity were assessed. Biochemical markers, histopathology, and cardiac morphometry were also evaluated. Additionally, intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured in SHR aortic rings. RESULTS: On the first day, treatment with ESPA (30 mg/kg) induced a significant natriuretic response, increasing urinary Na excretion by ∼ 18% compared to the negative control group; after 28 days, animals treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg of ESPA showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure by ∼ 21%, diastolic blood pressure by ∼ 31%, and lipid peroxidation by ∼ 93%, while nitrite levels rose by ∼ 49% compared to negative control animals. Furthermore, treatment with doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg attenuated plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by approximately 38% and aldosterone levels by ∼26%, restoring them to values comparable to the naïve group. Additionally, ESPA (100 and 300 mg/kg) prevented increases in relative heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness, and interventricular septum thickness, specifically reducing left ventricular wall thickness by ∼ 67% compared to the negative control rats. Finally, incubation with ESPA (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) increased intracellular cGMP levels by approximately 42% and 102%, respectively, in SHR rat aortic rings, evidencing an activation of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment (28 days) with ESPA exerts significant cardioprotective effects in isoprenaline-induced hypertensive rats. This effect appears to be dependent on the activation of the NO/cGMP pathway, coupled with the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.: A systematic review of botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical potentials.
Du H, Zheng K, Duan X … +4 more , Lin L, Yuan Y, Li G, Ren W
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302950 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. (L. nervosa), a species belonging to the genus Liparis within the Orchidaceae family, is known as "Jian-Xueqing" or "Jian-Xueqin" in traditional Chinese med...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. (L. nervosa), a species belonging to the genus Liparis within the Orchidaceae family, is known as "Jian-Xueqing" or "Jian-Xueqin" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This plant has a long history of medicinal use in TCM, valued for its diverse therapeutic properties for treating hemoptysis, hematemesis, cough due to lung heat, rheumatic arthralgia, infantile convulsions, and abscesses. Externally, it is applied for traumatic bleeding, boils, contusions, dermatitis, and snakebites. However, no systematic review of L. nervosa has been reported so far. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress on L. nervosa regarding its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and clinical applications. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific evidence, this review seeks to offer new perspectives for future research of L. nervosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper uses "Liparis nervosa", "Jian-Xueqing" and "Jian-Xueqin" as the keywords to conduct all the relevant information from PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, CNKI, China Master's Doctoral Thesis, Wanfang, Google Scholar, and ancient books. We retrieved all literature (in Chinese and English) from the establishment date of the database up to February 2026, including articles, reviews, master's thesis, doctoral thesis, and technical reports, while excluding literature unrelated to L. nervosa. RESULTS: In total, 150 compounds have been isolated and identified from L. nervosa, including 36 benzoic acid derivatives, 27 alkaloids and their derivatives, 24 phenanthrenes, 21 phenylpropanoids, 7 flavonoids, 7 steroids and triterpenoids, 11 fatty acid derivatives, and 17 other compounds so far. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that extracts and compounds derived from L. nervosa exhibit a broad range of bioactivities, such as hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, and immunosuppressive effects. In safety evaluations, no adverse effects or toxic activities were observed in acute toxicity studies. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the recent advances in the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical potentials of L. nervosa, and systematically categorizes its structure-activity-mechanism relationship. As a valuable traditional herb, L. nervosa contains diverse chemical constituents and exhibits various bioactivities. Several of its traditional uses have been supported by modern pharmacological research. However, most studies have been conducted only at the cellular and animal model levels, lacking more robust evidence from clinical studies. Furthermore, systematic safety data on L. nervosa are severely lacking. Further research is needed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms and ensure safe clinical applications. Moreover, as a valuable and endangered species, future investigations should focus on the cultivation techniques, product development, and sustainable utilization.
Ethnopharmacological basis for folkloric claims of Tradescantia spathacea to treat gastrointestinal spasm and respiratory distress via in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico approaches.
Naz R, Saqib F, Latif MF … +1 more , Jamil MR
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302949 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tradescantia spathacea SW. (Commelinaceae), commonly referred to as oyster plant or Moses-in-the-basket, has traditionally been used in the management of respiratory and gastrointestinal a...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tradescantia spathacea SW. (Commelinaceae), commonly referred to as oyster plant or Moses-in-the-basket, has traditionally been used in the management of respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, cough, diarrhea, dysentery, inflammation, and throat infections. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present investigation was designed to scientifically validate the traditional medicinal use of TS. Cr. in respiratory and diarrheal disorders using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. METHODOLOGY: The hydroethanolic crude extract (TS.Cr.) was subjected to GC-MS analysis for phytochemical profiling. Antidiarrheal activity was assessed using castor oil-induced diarrhea and charcoal meal transit models, whereas isolated rabbit jejunum and tracheal tissues were employed to evaluate spasmolytic and bronchodilator effects. RESULTS: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents, including phytol, loliolide, methyl palmitate, neophytadiene, and linoleic acid ethyl ester. The extract produced concentration-dependent relaxation of carbachol- and potassium-induced contractions in isolated jejunum and tracheal preparations, indicating possible potassium channel opening, and antimuscarinic activities. In vivo experiments demonstrated significant antidiarrheal activity by reducing castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility. CONCLUSION: The findings provide pharmacological evidence supporting the traditional use of TS. Cr. in respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. The observed bronchodilator, spasmolytic, and antidiarrheal effects may be mediated through potassium channel activation and antimuscarinic mechanisms.
Gastrodin ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by a high-salt diet combined with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by regulating cerebral blood flow and preserving BBB-related structural integrity.
Wang Y, Su M, Ye Z … +2 more , Jia Z, Zhang Q
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302948 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb documented in the Compendium of Materia Medica and has been widely used for dizziness, convulsive disorders, vertig...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb documented in the Compendium of Materia Medica and has been widely used for dizziness, convulsive disorders, vertigo, and neurological symptoms. Gastrodin (GAS), the principal bioactive constituent of G. elata, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Nevertheless, whether GAS is beneficial for vascular cognitive impairment associated with dietary risk factors remains unclear. Clarifying this issue may help explain the pharmacological basis of the traditional neurological use of G. elata. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated whether GAS could alleviate cognitive dysfunction aggravated by a high-salt diet (HSD) in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) mice, and explored its possible involvement in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related structural preservation, and amyloidogenic processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mouse model of CCH combined with dietary risk was generated using bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) and HSD exposure. Cognitive performance was assessed by the novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and open field test. CBF was monitored using laser speckle imaging. Hippocampal transcriptomic sequencing was conducted to identify GAS-regulated pathways. Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine neuronal injury, BBB structure, and related protein expression. Serum Aβ and inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: HSD exposure further worsened BCAS-induced cerebral hypoperfusion and cognitive deficits. GAS administration restored CBF, improved behavioral performance, and showed a tendency toward partial improvement of hippocampal morphology. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that GAS-responsive differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with extracellular matrix interaction, tight junctions, vascular function, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Further experiments showed that GAS increased ZO-1, Occludin, and eNOS expression, preserved BBB-related ultrastructural features, restored Akt/mTOR pathway-associated phosphorylation, and attenuated BACE1/APP-, sAPPβ-, Aβ-, and serum TNF-α-related changes. CONCLUSION: GAS ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by HSD exposure combined with BCAS, and this effect is associated with improved CBF, restoration of Akt/mTOR pathway-associated phosphorylation, eNOS-related endothelial regulation, preservation of BBB-related structural integrity, and attenuation of amyloidogenic processing-related and serum inflammatory marker changes. These results provide experimental support for the potential role of GAS in treating vascular cognitive impairment associated with dietary risk factors.
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects of methanolic extract of Paederia foetida and keracyanin in carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats: Integrated in silico, in vitro and in vivo mechanistic evidence targeting MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
Arati C, Saeed AL, Andy L … +11 more , Zuali L, Abdelmuala Baraka AG, Atrayee B, Lalrinzuali S, Mimangsha CD, Shruti MS, Chiranjeeb R, Sonia C, Khushboo M, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302947 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paederia foetida L. is traditionally used in Northeast India and Southeast Asia to treat inflammatory disorders. This study validates its traditional use and bridges ethno-medicinal knowle...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paederia foetida L. is traditionally used in Northeast India and Southeast Asia to treat inflammatory disorders. This study validates its traditional use and bridges ethno-medicinal knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence by providing mechanistic support for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of P. foetida and its bioactive constituent keracyanin. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects of P. foetida extract and its bioactive phytoconstituent, keracyanin, through integrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms with particular emphasis on the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six polyphenolic compounds previously identified from the methanolic extract of P. foetida (PFME) by HR-LC-MS were retrieved from PubChem and evaluated as phytoligands. Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed against key inflammatory targets, including iNOS, MAPK, and TNF-α. The pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and biological activity profiles of the identified compounds were predicted using ADMET and PASS analyses. Based on the docking and simulation results, keracyanin was selected for further investigation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of PFME and keracyanin were assessed using lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays, with quercetin and celecoxib as reference compounds. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in Wistar albino rats orally administered PFME (250 and 500 mg/kg) or keracyanin (25 and 50 mg/kg). Paw edema and percentage inhibition were recorded at different time points, and histopathological changes were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of inflammatory mediators, including CRP, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, p38-MAPK, MPO, COX-2, NO, and PGE2, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO), and antioxidant parameters (TAOC, CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH), were quantified using ELISA and biochemical assay kits. The expression of TNF-α, p38-MAPK, and NF-κB signaling proteins was further evaluated by Western blot analysis. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that keracyanin exhibited strong and stable interactions with key inflammatory targets, including iNOS, MAPK, and TNF-α, showing binding affinities superior to those of the standard inhibitors. PASS prediction suggested a high probability of anti-inflammatory activity, while ADMET analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, good drug-likeness, and low toxicity. In vitro studies showed that keracyanin significantly suppressed LOX and COX-2 activities as well as NO production, with efficacy comparable to PFME and greater than that of the reference compounds quercetin and celecoxib. In vivo, PFME (250 and 500 mg/kg) and keracyanin (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner, achieving 53.5-64.2% and 54.5-65.8% inhibition, respectively, at 5 h (p < 0.05), compared with 69.5% inhibition by diclofenac. Histopathological examination confirmed marked protection against carrageenan-induced tissue injury, evidenced by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, diminished epithelial hyperplasia, minimal edema, and preservation of normal tissue architecture. Furthermore, PFME and keracyanin significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators, while enhancing IL-10 production and restoring antioxidant defenses. These effects were accompanied by reduced lipid peroxidation and significant downregulation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, as confirmed by ELISA and Western blot analyses. CONCLUSION: The integrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings demonstrate that PFME and its bioactive constituent keracyanin exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through modulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. These results provide mechanistic support for the traditional use of P. foetida in the management of inflammatory disorders and identify keracyanin as a key contributor to its therapeutic activity.
Jiawei Wutou decoction attenuates knee osteoarthritis by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway: Insights from network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Maitituoheti A, Xianglong J, Lei Z … +2 more , Junchang L, Lan Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302946 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a traditional Chinese medicine formula effectively used for the clinical treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), the mechanism of action of Jiawei Wutou Decoction (JWD) remains unclear....
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a traditional Chinese medicine formula effectively used for the clinical treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), the mechanism of action of Jiawei Wutou Decoction (JWD) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to preliminarily explore the potential mechanism of JWD in regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress for the treatment of KOA through the integration of UHPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the main components of the water extract of JWD. HPLC was employed to determine the contents of Salidroside, Paeoniflorin, Calycosin- 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Benzoylmesaconitine, Benzoylhypaconitine, Icariin and Glycyrrhizic Acid, which are the signature components of JWD. A DMM-induced KOA rat model was established. The pharmacodynamics, morphology and histopathological analysis were applied to preliminary determination of the preventive and therapeutic effects of JWD on KOA. A network of key compounds, core targets and key signaling pathways of JWD was constructed by combining network pharmacology and the binding activity between key components and core targets was verified by molecular docking techniques. Western Blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), CCK-8 assay and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to validate the therapeutic mechanism of JWD on KOA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS: A total of 55 compounds were identified in JWD by UHPLC-MS/MS. Animal experiments showed JWD had a protective effect on DMM-induced KOA rats model, mainly in the amelioration of sclerosis, cartilage damage, increasing the pain threshold, and inhibition of oxidative stress. The potential targets of 55 compounds from JWD were predicted using online compound target databases. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that key targets such as AKT1, IL6, TNF, TP53, BCL2 and STAT3 are potential therapeutic targets of JWD for KOA treatment via regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that apoptosis, cellular senescence, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Molecular docking results demonstrated that 18-α glycyrrhetinic acid, icariin, benzoylmesaconine, glabrol, rhodiosin, and benzoylpaeoniflorin in JWD exhibited high binding activity to JAK2 and STAT3. Therefore, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was identified as the potential target for the experimental validation study. JWD could upregulate the expression of Collagen II, Aggrecan and Bcl-2, downregulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling related proteins in KOA rats. Besides, JWD improved mitochondrial morphology, reduced ROS generation and decreased MMP levels, which was attributed to the activation of JAK/STAT signaling molecules in TBHP-induced chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that JWD exhibits potential therapeutic effects on KOA, which may be associated with the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Multi-omics reveals the effects and mechanisms of Xinxue Granules against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through activating the cAMP/EPAC/CREB axis.
Zhang X, Li H, Zhang K … +8 more , Shi Y, Huang Q, Guo D, Zhang X, Zhai B, Yang X, Luan F, Zou J
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302945 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xinxue Granules (XXGR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula derived from the classical prescription Zixue Powder, one of the three treasured formulas in traditional Chinese medicine....
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Xinxue Granules (XXGR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula derived from the classical prescription Zixue Powder, one of the three treasured formulas in traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the principle of heat-clearing and detoxification, it has long been used to treat respiratory diseases associated with heat-toxin accumulation. Owing to its multi-component nature, XXGR has been reported to modulate inflammatory responses and alleviate pulmonary injury. However, its protective effects and underlying mechanisms in pulmonary fibrosis-like injury remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of XXGR in pulmonary fibrosis. A bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis-like injury mice model was established after random grouping. The therapeutic effects were assessed by histopathological and biochemical analyses. Network pharmacology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were integrated to identify potential pathways. Additional in vitro experiments using TGF-β1-induced MLE-12 cells, including EPAC inhibition with ESI-09, were performed to further explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mouse model was established to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of XXGR. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to characterize the chemical constituents and serum-absorbed components of XXGR. Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and non-targeted metabolomics were integrated to identify potential targets and pathways. In vivo experiments, including histopathology, biochemical assays, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting (WB), were performed to validate key molecular mechanisms. In vitro experiments using TGF-β1-stimulated MLE-12 cells with EPAC inhibition (ESI-09) were performed to explore mechanisms. Molecular docking was conducted to evaluate compound-target interactions. All botanical names were verified according to the World Flora Online. RESULTS: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS identified 20 blood-absorbed components of XXGR, and network pharmacology revealed 222 potential targets, highlighting the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. XXGR reduced lung injury, inflammatory cytokine levels, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition in BLM-induced mice. Mechanistically, XXGR increased EPAC expression and CREB phosphorylation while decreasing GLI3 expression in vivo and in vitro, consistent with activation of cAMP signaling. EPAC inhibition with ESI-09 partially reversed the effects of XXGR on fibrosis- and EMT-related markers. CONCLUSION: XXGR attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis-like injury by suppressing inflammation and fibroblast activation. Its protective effects may be partially mediated via the cAMP/EPAC/CREB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that XXGR represents a promising multi-target therapeutic candidate for pulmonary fibrosis.
Jianpi Qutan Formula attenuates vulnerable plaques by regulating IGFBP3.
Yang M, Liu Y, Yu M … +4 more , Wang T, Zhang H, Fan H, Yang Z
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302944 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Spleen deficiency phlegm-turbidity syndrome (SD-PTS) is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern in unstable angina (UAP). Its core pathogenesis involves the spleen failing in i...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Spleen deficiency phlegm-turbidity syndrome (SD-PTS) is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern in unstable angina (UAP). Its core pathogenesis involves the spleen failing in its transportation and transformation functions, leading to the generation of phlegm-turbidity that obstructs the vessels. Jianpi Qutan Formula (JPQT) is a TCM compound formulated based on the therapeutic principles of "strengthening the spleen, resolving phlegm, and activating blood." It has been clinically used for the long-term treatment of patients with coronary heart disease, effectively alleviating angina symptoms and regulating lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism by which JPQT stabilizes vulnerable plaques remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of the IGF-1/IGFBP3 axis in UAP patients with SD-PTS and explore the mechanism by which JPQT stabilizes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in mice by regulating this axis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted on plasma samples from UAP patients with SD-PTS, UAP patients with spleen deficiency phlegm-turbidity blood stasis syndrome (SD-PTBS), and healthy controls. Simultaneously, a high-fat diet was used to establish a mouse model of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques with SD-PTS. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, atorvastatin, low-dose JPQT, medium-dose JPQT, and high-dose JPQT. After the intervention, plaque characteristics, serum levels of IGF-1/IGFBP3, and the expression of EndMT-related markers in aortic tissue were analyzed using histopathological staining, Western blotting, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis revealed that plasma IGFBP3 levels were significantly upregulated in UAP patients with SD-PTS compared to UAP patients with SD-PTBS, and it was identified as a core target associated with this syndrome. In the mouse model, compared to the normal control group, the model group exhibited significantly reduced IGF-1 levels, elevated IGFBP3 levels, abnormal activation of EndMT, and increased plaque vulnerability. Intervention with the JPQT significantly reversed these alterations, the plaque stability improved. CONCLUSION: The imbalance of the IGF-1/IGFBP3 axis and abnormal activation of EndMT are important pathological mechanisms in UAP with SD-PTS. JPQT can effectively stabilize atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques by regulating the balance of the IGF-1/IGFBP3 axis and inhibiting EndMT, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.
Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide disrupts the macrophage pyroptosis-neutrophil extracellular traps axis to ameliorate acute lung injury.
Xu J, Chen S, Xie S … +6 more , Zhou F, Zhou M, Ye X, Zhu B, Ding Z, Chen Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302943 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., a traditional Chinese medicine known for treating pulmonary diseases, contains vital bioactive polysaccharides. However, their specific therapeutic effica...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., a traditional Chinese medicine known for treating pulmonary diseases, contains vital bioactive polysaccharides. However, their specific therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms in alleviating pulmonary inflammatory injury remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to clarify the therapeutic effects of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide (CSP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explored its underlying mechanism, focusing on the macrophage pyroptosis-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) signaling axis, to identify a potential ALI treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mouse model of ALI was established via intratracheal instillation of LPS. CSP was administered via nebulization for intervention, with dexamethasone (DEX) serving as the positive control. Lung histopathology, immune cell infiltration, and inflammatory mediators were assessed by H&E, IHC, flow cytometry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to screen the core signaling pathways regulated by CSP. In vitro, a bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) pyroptosis model and a pyroptotic extracellular vesicle (EV)-induced NETs formation system were utilized to verify the direct effects and molecular mechanism of CSP. RESULTS: CSP significantly ameliorated ALI lung damage, restored lung barrier function, reduced pulmonary immune-inflammatory cell infiltration and systemic inflammation, and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). Transcriptomic analysis linked its effects to the NOD-like receptor and NETs formation pathways. Mechanistically, CSP inhibited macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Crucially, CSP suppressed neutrophil NETs formation induced by pyroptotic macrophage-derived EVs, blocking the macrophage-neutrophil inflammatory cascade. CONCLUSION: Targeting the macrophage pyroptosis-NETs signaling axis, CSP exerts multi-level inhibitory effects on excessive pulmonary inflammatory responses, providing significant therapeutic protection against ALI. These findings suggest CSP is a promising natural candidate drug for ALI treatment.
Enhancing the efficacy of ulcerative colitis treatment by inhibiting LCN2-mediated pyroptosis through traditional processing techniques: With the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. as an example.
Zhang A, Wen R, Zheng H … +5 more , Liu Z, Wang J, Xue J, Yu H, Li C
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302942 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (AMR), the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (family Asteraceae), is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine for treating ulcerative coliti...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (AMR), the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (family Asteraceae), is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) and has extensive applications in both Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and modern medicine. The therapeutic effects of its distinctive processed variety, rice-washed water processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Migan Shui Piao Baizhu, R-AMR), have yet to be reported, and its potential mechanisms of action require further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of R-AMR and raw AMR on UC mice and further explore their mechanisms of action, thereby providing insights into the processing mechanism of AMR using rice-washed water. METHODS: Firstly, a DSS-induced mouse UC model was established in vivo. The efficacy of treatment with rice-washed water processed AMR in improving UC was evaluated by DAI scores, histopathological changes, serum inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1), and mucin (MUC2) levels. Then, bioinformatics, machine learning, and molecular docking were integrated to identify core disease targets and explore the mechanism of R-AMR in treating UC. Nextly, an LPS-induced UC cell model was established using NCM460 cells, and LCN2 siRNA-transfected cell experiments were conducted. The biological effects and mechanisms of action of key targets were validated in vitro through immunofluorescence, WB, and RT-qPCR techniques. Finally, we validated the roles of the above-identified pathways in the treatment of UC with AMR through in vivo experiments. RESULTS: In in vivo efficacy experiments, both R-AMR and raw AMR effectively reduced DAI scores and histopathological scores in UC mice. They downregulated proinflammatory factors and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors while increasing tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, Claudin-1) to restore damaged intestinal epithelial mucosal barriers. R-AMR demonstrated superior therapeutic effects compared to raw AMR. Bioinformatics and machine learning results indicate that Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) is a key target in UC, with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway being one of its representative pathways. Molecular docking results reveal that Atractylenolide I (Atr I) has a strong affinity for LCN2 and is one of the active components enhancing the efficacy of R-AMR. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Atr I restores tight junctions between LPS-induced NCM460 cells. Targeted inhibition of LCN2 reduces NLRP3 inflammasome, Caspase 1 activation, and GSDMD-N expression, decreases proinflammatory factor release (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6), and alleviates UC inflammatory responses. In vivo experiments verified that the therapeutic effect of AMR on UC is associated with the LCN2/NLRP3/Caspase 1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Both raw AMR and R-AMR exhibit protective effects against UC, with R-AMR displaying superior therapeutic outcomes. Its bioactive constituent Atr I attenuates pyroptosis through targeted inhibition of LCN2, leading to preservation of the intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier and subsequent amelioration of UC symptoms.
Targeted discovery of anti-skin aging peptides from Camelus bactrianus placenta: Multi-activity screening, network pharmacology, and in vitro validation focusing on MMP-1 inhibition.
Tian L, Ma Q, Wu Y … +14 more , Wang D, Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Cao K, Su H, Zhao L, Tai Z, Wang F, Zhang Q, Sun Z, Qin L, Zhang Q
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302941 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Placenta has historically been utilized as a therapeutic agent in traditional medicine, notably as "Ziheche" in traditional Chinese medicine. Similarly, Camelus bactrianus placenta (CBP),...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Placenta has historically been utilized as a therapeutic agent in traditional medicine, notably as "Ziheche" in traditional Chinese medicine. Similarly, Camelus bactrianus placenta (CBP), known as "Haliyasu" in Mongolian medicine, has been traditionally used to promote health, reduce wrinkles, and alleviate signs of aging. However, its anti-skin aging efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms lack scientific validation, which this study aims to address. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-skin-aging potential of Camelus bactrianus placenta enzymatic hydrolysates (CBPHs), identify their active peptides, and clarify the related molecular-target mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven CBPHs were prepared and screened based on hydrolysis efficiency, antioxidant activity, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzyme inhibition. The appropriate hydrolysate was confirmed in D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced senescent human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and aging C57BL/6 mice. Network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, combined with molecular dynamics simulations identified core therapeutic targets and active peptides, which were further validated in HSFs. RESULTS: CBPH-Flavourzyme exhibited potent antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals; inhibited ECM-degrading enzymes, including collagenase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1); alleviated HSF senescence by significantly reducing the levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), IL-6, and IL-18, while increasing Collagen Type I synthesis. Meanwhile, in the D-Gal-induced aging mouse model, CBPH-Flavourzyme significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, promoted Collagen Type I production in dorsal skin tissue, improved disordered collagen fiber arrangement, and increased skin thickness, thereby exerting anti-skin-aging effects. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that CBPH-Flavourzyme can regulate collagen degradation and suppress the expression of key enzymes involved in collagen degradation in the skin tissue of D-Gal-induced aging mice. In vitro enzymatic inhibition assays, combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, identified seven peptides (FRCQ, AADW, PGSPP, PSSPF, PGFGAG, PAF, and QGVGF) from CBPH-Flavourzyme as potent MMP-1 inhibitors. Among these, FRCQ demonstrated the strongest MMP-1 inhibitory activity. Subsequent cellular validation demonstrated that FRCQ significantly reduced SA-β-gal activity and increased type I collagen content. These effects were accompanied by decreased levels of AP-1-related proteins (p-c-Fos and p-c-Jun), suggesting that modulation of AP-1 signaling may contribute to the observed anti-senescence effects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Camelus bactrianus placenta-derived peptides may serve as candidates for further development in functional foods, nutricosmetics, or pharmaceutical products, pending additional studies on skin penetration, safety, and formulation stability.
Multi-omics mechanistic investigation of Yograj Guggulu, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, against MIA-induced osteoarthritis in rats.
Redkar AS, Surendran A, Rajdev B … +14 more , Prasad N, Prakash AN, Hazarika D, Bhavananthi I, Kumar N, Babu G, Sanjaya Kumar YR, Srikanth N, Acharya R, Jaleel A, Naidu VGM, Kartha CC, Pawar S, Ramakrishnan V
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302940 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Yograj Guggulu (YG) is a 29-ingredient Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used for the management of degenerative joint disease (Sandhivata). It is described in the Bhaishajya Ratnavali and...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Yograj Guggulu (YG) is a 29-ingredient Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used for the management of degenerative joint disease (Sandhivata). It is described in the Bhaishajya Ratnavali and listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Despite continued use in Ayurvedic practice, its molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of YG in experimental osteoarthritis (OA), identify bioavailable YG constituents, and trace their molecular targets within human OA disease networks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human OA disease networks were constructed from ten integrated synovial transcriptome datasets. YG was administered orally at three doses (135, 270, and 540 mg/kg) for 21 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats with mono-iodoacetate-induced knee OA (n = 8 per group). Functional recovery was assessed across five behavioral endpoints. Untargeted plasma metabolomics identified bioavailable YG metabolites. Knee-joint proteomics identified treatment-associated protein changes. Shortest-path analysis traced regulatory cascades from metabolite targets to attenuated proteins. RESULTS: Low and medium YG doses restored pain sensitivity, locomotion, and gait toward normal levels. Qualitative gastric histology showed less mucosal injury than diclofenac sodium. Twenty-three bioavailable YG metabolites converged on four network-identified targets (NFKBIA, MMP9, PTGS2, FOS). Proteomics identified 364 disease-associated proteins that returned toward baseline abundance after treatment. Directed-network analysis connected the four targets to 45 of 70 attenuated proteins across NF-κB, IL-17, and extracellular matrix degradation cascades. CONCLUSIONS: YG treatment is associated with attenuation of inflammatory and matrix-remodeling protein signatures in experimental OA. The four convergent targets provide a candidate mechanistic framework for its use in traditional Ayurvedic practice.
Buyiniuxi pill promotes hair regrowth in a DHT-induced mouse model of androgenetic alopecia.
Pang W, Zhang YH, Cheng XX … +2 more , Chen J, Li XQ
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302939 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buyiniuxi pill (BYNX) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula first recorded in Taiping Shenghui Fang (AD 992) and has been traditionally prescribed for hair loss and pre...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buyiniuxi pill (BYNX) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula first recorded in Taiping Shenghui Fang (AD 992) and has been traditionally prescribed for hair loss and premature hair greying. Its constituent herbs remain relevant in contemporary ethnopharmacological practice for hair regeneration. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the hair regrowth-promoting effects of BYNX in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced murine model of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemical profile of the BYNX aqueous extract was characterized using UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Network pharmacology was used to explore potential targets and pathways associated with AGA. In vivo efficacy was assessed in a DHT-induced murine model following oral administration of BYNX at low or high doses. Hair regrowth was evaluated by hair length and hair coverage percentage, while histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS analysis revealed a chemically complex profile of BYNX, and representative constituents were selected for subsequent network pharmacology analysis. Predicted targets were mainly enriched in inflammation-related biological processes and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In vivo, BYNX significantly alleviated DHT-induced hair growth inhibition, as evidenced by increased hair length, improved hair coverage, and restoration of hair follicle morphology. These changes were accompanied by reduced IL-6 and IL-4 expression, enhanced activation of the AKT/BCL-2 signaling pathway, and increased Cyclin D1 and β-catenin expression in dorsal skin tissue. CONCLUSIONS: BYNX significantly promotes hair regrowth in a DHT-induced murine model of AGA. The hair-regenerative effects of BYNX were associated with modulation of inflammatory responses and activation of AKT/BCL-2-related survival signaling, suggesting a multi-target regulatory pattern consistent with its traditional ethnopharmacological use.
Zoology, traditional uses, processing technology, chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of Hirudo: A reviews.
Liu C, Xia T, Wu J … +9 more , Pu Y, Zhang H, Liu K, Xu Z, Zhang H, Duan B, He F, Tao A, Yang Y
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302938 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hirudo (HO) is the medicinal name for the dried whole body of leeches, including species such as Whitmania pigra Whitman, Hirudo nipponica Whitman, and Whitmania acranulata Whitman, all of...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hirudo (HO) is the medicinal name for the dried whole body of leeches, including species such as Whitmania pigra Whitman, Hirudo nipponica Whitman, and Whitmania acranulata Whitman, all of which belong to the family Hirudidae. It is characterized by a salty, bitter taste and a neutral nature with mild toxicity. HO is traditionally used to activate blood circulation, regulate menstruation, and eliminate blood stasis, making it effective in treating conditions like blood stagnation with menstrual irregularities, abdominal masses, stroke sequelae, and traumatic injuries. AIM OF THE WORK: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HO from the perspectives of its zoological characteristics, traditional applications, processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, quality control, and toxicity. The goal is to offer a reference for the rational use of HO and to lay the foundation for related clinical research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review searched the literature on HO in databases including ResearchGate, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases using the keywords HO, zoology, compounds, pharmacology, and quality control. RESULTS: More than 140 chemical constituents have been identified in HO., including 65 types of peptides (1-65), 8 types of pteridines (66-73), 34 types of lipids (74-107), 17 types of amino acids (108-124), and 18 other chemical compounds (125-142). Among these, peptides are the main active ingredients of HO, exhibiting pharmacological effects such as anticoagulation, antithrombosis, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities. Notably, HO has shown significant efficacy in anticoagulation and antithrombosis. It can treat cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms such as inhibiting blood coagulation, preventing platelet aggregation, and promoting fibrinolysis. While HO demonstrates remarkable pharmacological activities, its distinct fishy odor may affect patient compliance, requiring further processing to eliminate this unpleasant scent. This review also systematically outlines the quality control standards, toxicity, and clinical applications of HO. CONCLUSION: This review systematically summarizes the zoological characteristics, traditional uses, processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, quality control, and toxicity of HO. Current research indicates that peptides are the primary bioactive components responsible for HO's anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities, particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review also emphasizes the importance of establishing a robust quality control system and further elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of HO to support its safe and rational clinical application.
Chinese herbal and natural compounds for Parkinson's disease: Myth or truth.
Zhang R, Chen Y, Qian Y … +3 more , Zhu C, Yang J, Zhang J
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Nov · PMID 42302937 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis, which limits the application of single-target inhibitors. At present, the main Western therapeutic d...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis, which limits the application of single-target inhibitors. At present, the main Western therapeutic drugs for Parkinson's disease include dopamine precursors, dopamine receptor agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-B), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs. These treatments have limited efficacy and obvious toxic and side effects. In recent years, with the deepening of research on Parkinson's disease, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active components have played an increasingly important role in clinical treatment. A large number of studies have shown that TCM and its active components exert anti-Parkinsonian effects by inhibiting ferroptosis, regulating autophagy and apoptosis, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and enhancing neuronal protection. AIM OF THE REVIEW: To show that traditional medicine is a promising strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to lay a foundation for exploring the specific mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of Chinese and foreign databases to screen the core traditional Chinese medicines currently used clinically for Parkinson's disease, and further analyzed the specific mechanisms of action of the selected core herbs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: Bibliometric analysis identified core TCM herbs clinically used for Parkinson's disease. The specific mechanisms of these core herbs against Parkinson's disease were clarified at the molecular level, involving inhibition of ferroptosis, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and enhancement of neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data support for the subsequent research and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease, and deepens the molecular understanding of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, verifying that traditional medicine is a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease.
Hypericum perforatum L.: A legacy of herbal medicine in light of modern scientific evidence.
Pan X, Yin W, Zhou F … +5 more , Bai M, He J, Ding K, Xu J, Zhang W
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302936 · Publisher ↗
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hypericum perforatum L. has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, with core therapeutic applications including alleviation of emotional, wound and burn healing and neurological...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hypericum perforatum L. has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, with core therapeutic applications including alleviation of emotional, wound and burn healing and neurological disorders, and antiparasitic treatments. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review summarizes and interprets current knowledge on the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, safety, and herb-drug interactions of H. perforatum, with particular attention to the relationships between major constituents, proposed mechanisms, and clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant literature on H. perforatum was identified through major scientific databases, including CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed, together with complementary sources such as Flora of China, classical herbal literature, and academic dissertations. RESULTS: H. perforatum contains diverse bioactive constituents, notably PPAPs, naphthodianthrones, and flavonoids. The strongest clinical evidence supports its use in mild-to-moderate depression and menopausal symptoms, with efficacy comparable to SSRIs and superiority over placebo. Preliminary case reports also suggest potential benefits in diabetic complications, though these findings are limited. Beyond depression, most pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, wound healing, and metabolic effects, remain preclinical. Recent advances in nanoformulation strategies (e.g., nanostructured lipid carriers, plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles) have enhanced the performance of key constituents such as hypericin and hyperforin in photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial applications. Quality control has evolved from single-marker assays to holistic approaches integrating non-targeted metabolomics, machine learning, and fingerprinting, addressing compositional variability and heavy metal contamination. However, heterogeneity in plant material, extraction procedures, constituent standardization, and experimental design still complicates data interpretation. Clinically relevant herb-drug interactions, especially those associated with CYP enzyme and P-gp induction, remain a major safety concern. CONCLUSION: This narrative review indicates that H. perforatum has established efficacy in depression and broader but uneven pharmacological potential elsewhere. Emerging formulation technologies and multi-component quality control offer promising ways to improve consistency and efficacy. Future progress requires better extract standardization, clearer constituent-mechanism links, higher-quality clinical trials (especially for non-psychiatric uses), and continued attention to safety and drug interactions.
Corrigendum to "Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology study on Si-miao-yong-an Decoction in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and improving vascular injury on thromboangiitis obliterans" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 357 (2026) 120868].
Yang X, Song X, Zhu F … +4 more , Yu X, Cao J, Chen J, Zhao Z
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42297648 · Publisher ↗
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Corrigendum to "A novel composite hydrogel containing natural polysaccharides derived from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. for diabetic wound healing" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 356 (2026) 120844].
Yao W, Mao Y, Zeng Y … +10 more , Zhou Z, Zhao D, Zhou L, Yu X, Zhang B, Li M, Zhang J, Ye D, Zhou Q, Li B
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42297647 · Publisher ↗
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Corrigendum to "Morus alba L.-Glycyrrhiza uralensis alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 349 (2025) 119904].
Du H, Xu S, Ke H … +6 more , Yang Q, Xiong W, Liu M, Shao M, Cui Y, Qu F
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42297646 · Publisher ↗
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