Horm. Metab. Res. [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Metabolism and Aging - Charting New Frontiers in Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Innovation.
Steenblock C, Rodionov RN, Siow R … +1 more , Bornstein SR
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 41270787 · Publisher ↗
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Proteomic Signatures and Blood Adenosine Triphosphate Levels as Markers of Empagliflozin Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.
Omurzakova U, Breidert M, Donner M … +4 more , Toktogulova N, Moldobaeva M, Quartier A, Eftekhari P
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 41248679 · Publisher ↗
Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Its known ability to enhance mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and imp...
Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Its known ability to enhance mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and improve cardiac function led us to investigate whether blood adenosine triphosphate levels could serve as a predictive biomarker for treatment response. This prospective study included 120 patients from Kyrgyzstan: 49 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 43 with heart failure, and 28 with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. The mean age of the study population was 63.9±7.1 years, with no significant age difference between groups. Patients received oral empagliflozin at a dose of either 10 or 25 mg daily for 12 weeks. Adenosine triphosphate activity was measured in erythrocytes from whole blood samples before and after treatment. In vitro assays were also performed, incubating patient blood samples with empagliflozin at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 µM. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, empagliflozin significantly reduced body mass index (=0.001), though HbA1c levels remained unchanged. Among heart failure patients, treatment resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (=0.028) and a decrease in B-type natriuretic peptide levels (=0.01). Blood adenosine triphosphate concentrations increased significantly following empagliflozin treatment in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure groups. Proteomic analysis identified 12 differentially expressed proteins-ADIPOQ, ARG1, CST3, CPPED1, GSTO1, FN1, ITIH4, LCN2, LCP1, MIF, PCMT1, and SERPINA3-that are functionally linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or heart failure pathophysiology. Our data suggest that blood adenosine triphosphate activity may serve as a potential biomarker for clinical response to empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Further studies are warranted to validate these exploratory findings and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of blood adenosine triphosphate as a biomarker in these populations.
Modulating Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Indices via Double Filtration Plasmapheresis: Implications for Aging and Low-Grade Inflammation.
Castillo-Aleman YM, Villegas-Valverde CA, Ventura-Carmenate Y … +10 more , Al-Karam M, Al Dhuhaibat AS, Lumame S, Rose-Roque JM, Castelo C, Benedetti S, Al-Kaabi FM, Rivero-Jimenez RA, Bencomo-Hernandez AA, Bornstein SR
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 41237811 · Publisher ↗
Systemic immune-inflammatory indices derived from routine complete blood counts are useful markers of systemic inflammation across various conditions. Currently, double filtration plasmapheresis is used to lower lipid le...
Systemic immune-inflammatory indices derived from routine complete blood counts are useful markers of systemic inflammation across various conditions. Currently, double filtration plasmapheresis is used to lower lipid levels and remove pro-inflammatory mediators; however, its effects on systemic immune-inflammatory indices are underreported. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing two double filtration plasmapheresis sessions for hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipoproteinemia(a) at a single center was conducted between April and July 2025. Complete blood count-derived immune-inflammatory indices and lipid profiles were measured immediately before and after the first and second double filtration plasmapheresis sessions, respectively. Intra-individual comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Double filtration plasmapheresis performed with the Inuspheresis System significantly reduced the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (=0.040), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (=<0.001), systemic immune-inflammatory index (=0.008), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (=0.048), while significantly increasing lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (=<0.001); systemic inflammation response index did not change significantly. Expected reductions were also observed in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a), all with <0.001. In addition to its lipid-lowering effects, double filtration plasmapheresis modulated short-term systemic immune-inflammatory indices, indicating potential utility for these metrics as surrogate markers of acute systemic inflammation and immunomodulation. Given their availability from routine complete blood counts, monitoring these indices could aid individualized patient assessment during double filtration plasmapheresis. These results may also help refine personalized care in patients with low-grade inflammation and aging-related immune dysfunction.
How Exercise Affects Exerkines in Metabolic Syndrome.
Babaei P, Yadegari F
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41213606 · Publisher ↗
Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by central obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia and hypertension which predispose individuals toward diabetes and cardiovascular d...
Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by central obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia and hypertension which predispose individuals toward diabetes and cardiovascular disorder. The aim of this review is to investigate some selected novel adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines whose secretion is affected by exercise and improves metabolic syndrome. According to epidemiological studies, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is expected to increase every year, which predisposes health organizations with big challenges. Regular exercise stands as a preventive tool for metabolic syndrome, not only by improving blood circulation, but also through alterations in exerkines. The proteins are secreted by adipose tissue (adipokines), skeletal muscles (myokines), liver (hepatokines) or other tissues during exercise. Interestingly, adipo-myo-hepatokines are categorized into inflammatory and anti-inflammatory peptides, and exercise either reduces or elevates them. The beneficial effects of exercise for various physiological systems, and more importantly prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, still have remained mysterious. According to the literature, some of the anti-inflammatory exerkines cooperate in the metabolic homeostasis of organisms by increasing blood flow, muscle mass, and glucose utilization and improving insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation.
The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Cancer in Humans.
Adeva-Andany MM, Adeva-Contreras L, Ameneiros-Rodriguez E … +3 more , Carneiro-Freire N, Vila-Altesor M, Funcasta-Calderon R
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41202839 · Publisher ↗
An independent association between insulin resistance and cancer has been consistently reported in humans. Patients with cancer display insulin resistance or its clinical manifestations, and this metabolic adaptation pre...
An independent association between insulin resistance and cancer has been consistently reported in humans. Patients with cancer display insulin resistance or its clinical manifestations, and this metabolic adaptation precedes the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Insulin resistance in cancer patients is associated with a metabolic switch from oxidative metabolism toward glycolysis that spares oxygen to be used in anabolic processes and facilitates the fast production of energy and intermediate metabolites required for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. In malignant cells, glucose consumption via glycolysis occurs under normoxic conditions (aerobic glycolysis). Pathogenic mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in cancer patients include hypoxia-inducible factor-1 upregulation and overproduction of cytokines, such as interferon, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and interleukin-1β. Deficit of 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) has been detected in cancer cells and may facilitate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 assembly and activity. Overproduction of cytokines in cancer patients follows activation of the immune system by abnormal nucleic acid variants. Anomalous DNA or RNA structures are recognized by immune sensors and stimulate signaling pathways that ultimately increase cytokine production. Likewise, interferon overproduction occurs in congenital disorders that feature ineffectively repaired DNA lesions, such as Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome, mutations in DNA polymerase-δ1, and ataxia telangiectasia. These diseases cause simultaneous insulin resistance and a high tendency to develop cancer, highlighting the relationship between the two processes. Defectively repaired DNA injury endangers genomic integrity, predisposing to cancer, and activates the immune system to increase interferon production and subsequent insulin resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and cytokines induce insulin resistance by suppressing peroxisome proliferator-activated-γ in the subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Efficacy of the Combination of Exenatide and Dapagliflozin in the Management of Diabetes and Weight Control: A Network Meta-Analysis.
Abuali A, Abdelhamid A, Elsekaily AE … +9 more , Seoudy M, Elnaghy M, Ragab Y, Elkholy M, Sharara M, Mahrous M, Alnasser Y, Ragab KM, Abdelhadi N
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 41187775 · Publisher ↗
Exenatide and dapagliflozin are medications commonly used in the controlling of T2DM. We aim to assess the efficacy of the combination of both drugs in the management of diabetes and weight control compared to the effica...
Exenatide and dapagliflozin are medications commonly used in the controlling of T2DM. We aim to assess the efficacy of the combination of both drugs in the management of diabetes and weight control compared to the efficacy of each drug alone. We investigated four databases for relevant randomized clinical trials RCTs. Then a Network meta-analysis was made on the pertinent studies. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were utilized to pool continuous data, and the Cochrane Tool was employed to assess the quality of the included RCTs. The network meta-analysis was conducted using the R statistical software. We analyzed 837 patients from four studies. The combination had a significant decrease in HbA1c (mmol/L) compared to exenatide and dapagliflozin; [MD: -3.94, 95% (CI, -6.38 to -1.49)], [MD: -6.54, 95% (CI, -8.90 to -4.17)] respectively. Also, the combination showed a significant decrease in weight compared to dapagliflozin and exenatide alone; [MD: -1.07, 95% CI, (-1.76 to -0.39)] and [MD: -1.82, 95% CI, (-2.52 to -1.13)] respectively. The combination of dapagliflozin and exenatide lowers body weight, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure more effectively than any of the drugs alone. We suggest that this combination, according to its efficacy in improving the primary outcomes of diabetes, will result in general improvement of symptoms and decrease in complications.
Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Huang S, Xi Y, Hong Y … +1 more , Hu C
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41183535 · Publisher ↗
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease. However, effective pharmacotherapy is still lacking. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been proven to improve non-alcoholic...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease. However, effective pharmacotherapy is still lacking. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been proven to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in previous clinical trials. In this work, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase was performed up to August 2024. Articles were sieved to determine eligible randomized controlled trials. Review Manager version 5.4 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. A total of 21 randomized controlled trials with 1,311 participants were included. Compared with the controls, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor treatment significantly improved the controlled attenuation parameter, liver fat content, liver-to-spleen ratio, liver stiffness measurement, fibrosis-4 index, serum type IV collagen 7S level, serum alanine transaminase level, serum aspartate transaminase level, serum gamma-glutamyl transaminase level, fasting serum insulin level, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, body weight, body mass index, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The incidence of total adverse events was not significantly different between the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition group and the control group. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors can improve liver steatosis, liver fibrosis, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and body composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are safe and well tolerated. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors may become promising drugs for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment.
Associations Between Inflammatory Adipokines, Liver Steatosis, and Fibrosis in Patients with Different Degrees of Adiposity with or Without Metabolic Syndrome.
Lopes KG, Souza MDGC, Lopes FAM … +5 more , da Silva Junior VL, Terra CA, Carvalho ATP, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Sep · PMID 41106404 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare and test associations between inflammatory profiles and liver steatosis/fibrosis in individuals with different degrees of adiposity with or without metabolic syndrome....
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare and test associations between inflammatory profiles and liver steatosis/fibrosis in individuals with different degrees of adiposity with or without metabolic syndrome. Forty-six patients (82.6% females, aged 38.3±7.8 yr, body mass index of 32.6±5.1 kg/m) were allocated into three groups according to body adiposity and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome: normal-weight controls, patients with obesity or with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Between-group comparisons were performed for clinical history, anthropometry, biochemical, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles, and degree of liver stiffness and steatosis by transient elastography. As expected, obesity and obesity and metabolic syndrome had greater body mass index and waist circumference than controls. No significant differences between groups in lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase, ferritin, adiponectin, and retinol-binding protein-4 were noted. Obesity and metabolic syndrome had significantly higher fasting glucose levels compared to controls and obesity. A more significant proportion of patients with hypertension, higher insulinemia, HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and leptin were observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome compared to controls. Obesity had higher alkaline phosphatase, interleukin-6, and leptin levels than controls. Liver stiffness and steatosis were higher in obesity and metabolic syndrome than in controls, while hepatic fibrosis degree F2 occurred more frequently in obesity and metabolic syndrome (≤0.03). No associations were detected between liver stiffness and steatosis and inflammatory biomarkers in the studied groups (≥0.07). Our findings highlight the impact of metabolic conditions on liver health but also suggest that systemic inflammation might not be directly linked to liver stiffness and steatosis.
Association of Body Composition with Insulin Resistance in a Middle-Aged Population.
Zhou K, Chen M, Zhang Y … +11 more , Deng Q, Kang H, Li K, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Zheng T, Zhang A, Sheng J, Liu X, Wang S
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Sep · PMID 41106403 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to clarify the relationship between body mass index, body composition indices, and the risk of insulin resistance. From November 2019 to January 2020, 573 employees aged 40-60 years from Anhui Hong Sifang...
This study aims to clarify the relationship between body mass index, body composition indices, and the risk of insulin resistance. From November 2019 to January 2020, 573 employees aged 40-60 years from Anhui Hong Sifang Co., Ltd, underwent physical and biochemical assessments. We analyzed fasting glucose, serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance differences across body mass index and body composition, and examined associations with insulin resistance risk. Among 573 participants (mean age 48.3 years, 67.4% men), 20.8% had insulin resistance. Overweight/obesity, central obesity, high visceral adipose index, high fat mass%, limb/trunk fat%, and elevated fat-muscle-ratio were significantly associated with higher fasting serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and insulin resistance prevalence (all <0.05). The increase in these factors corresponded with increased insulin resistance risk, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 4.71 (2.88-7.72), 5.80 (3.60-9.35), 4.88 (3.07-7.74), 4.25 (2.71-6.69), 3.48 (2.19-5.52), 5.72 (3.45-9.47), and 4.41 (2.73-7.13). Conversely, lower muscle mass%, limb/trunk muscle%, bone mineral content%, total body water%, extracellular water%, and intracellular water% were linked to higher fasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, indicating a protective effect against insulin resistance with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 4.34 (2.67-7.08), 3.53 (2.21-5.62), 3.49 (2.20-5.53), 5.35 (3.24-8.85), 4.73 (2.91-7.70), 4.99 (3.06-8.16), and 4.98 (3.04-8.14). The findings suggest a significant association between body composition indices and insulin resistance risk. Increased fat mass raises the risk of insulin resistance, while higher muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body water content have a protective effect. Additionally, the balance between fat and muscle influences insulin resistance levels.
Distinguishing Unilateral from Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism: The Reliability of the Posture Test and the Success Rate of Adrenal Venous Sampling in Iceland.
Gunnarsdóttir H, Guðmundsson J, Birgisson G … +1 more , Sigurjónsdóttir HÁ
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Sep · PMID 41106402 · Publisher ↗
Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of hypertension. Distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism is mandatory and remains a challenge. The upright posture test has been debated, whereas adre...
Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of hypertension. Distinguishing between unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism is mandatory and remains a challenge. The upright posture test has been debated, whereas adrenal venous sampling remains the gold standard for subtyping. We conducted a retrospective nationwide study of 49 adult patients who underwent both the posture test and adrenal venous sampling and were diagnosed with primary aldosteronism in Iceland between 2007 and 2016. The diagnostic utility of the posture test in predicting adrenal venous sampling-confirmed laterality was assessed, along with an adrenal venous sampling success rate. The posture test demonstrated 81% sensitivity and 45% specificity for detecting bilateral primary aldosteronism. The optimal s-aldosterone increase cut-off for detecting bilateral primary aldosteronism using the posture test was 74%, yielding 59% specificity. The adrenal venous sampling success rate was 86%, and adrenal computed tomography correctly predicted laterality in all patients under 35 years of age. These findings indicate that the posture test can be a useful tool, although its limited specificity reduces its clinical utility in centers with access to reliable adrenal venous sampling. The high adrenal venous sampling success rate in Iceland reflects expertise in the procedure. Adrenal computed tomography appeared to be accurate in younger patients, supporting The Endocrine Society guideline recommendations.
Association Between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Peripheral Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis.
Zhao L, Wei L, Fei XL
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41082929 · Publisher ↗
The triglyceride-glucose index, an indicator of insulin resistance, has emerged as a potential predictor of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral...
The triglyceride-glucose index, an indicator of insulin resistance, has emerged as a potential predictor of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral artery disease remains unclear. This meta-analysis sought to clarify the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence or prevalence of peripheral artery disease. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was carried out to identify relevant observational studies published up to June 1, 2024. Inclusion criteria included studies on adult populations that evaluated the triglyceride-glucose index and reported peripheral artery disease outcomes. To assess the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral artery disease, risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using a random-effects model incorporating the impact of heterogeneity. Nine studies with a total of 37,761 participants were involved in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that individuals with a high triglyceride-glucose index had significantly increased odds of peripheral artery disease (risk ratio: 1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-1.67, < 0.001; =55%). Sensitivity analyses performed by excluding one study at a time confirmed the robustness of these findings. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent associations across different study designs, populations, and methodological quality. Diabetic patients exhibited a stronger association (risk ratio: 1.38) compared to non-diabetic participants (risk ratio: 1.06, =0.006). In conclusion, a high triglyceride-glucose index is linked to peripheral artery disease, especially in people with diabetes. These results suggest that the triglyceride-glucose index could be used as a valuable marker for assessing peripheral artery disease risk in clinical practice.
Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat as a Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults with Diabetes or Prediabetes.
Yang Q, Wang Z, Yin Y … +4 more , Xu M, Xue Y, Shao X, Qiao H
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41067247 · Publisher ↗
The metabolic score for visceral fat was a newly developed surrogate marker for evaluating visceral fat. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the metabolic score for visceral fat and the mortality ris...
The metabolic score for visceral fat was a newly developed surrogate marker for evaluating visceral fat. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the metabolic score for visceral fat and the mortality risk in US adults with diabetes or prediabetes. A cohort of 12,992 individuals with diabetes or prediabetes was identified from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). Baseline metabolic score for visceral fat measurements were recorded, and mortality outcomes were assessed by linking participants to the National Death Index records up to December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to examine the relationship between the metabolic score for visceral fat and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Over a median follow-up of 97 months, a total of 2,438 all-cause deaths and 662 cardiovascular deaths were recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that individuals in the highest metabolic score for visceral fat quartile exhibited adjusted hazard ratios of 2.857 (95% confidence interval: 2.348-3.477) for all-cause mortality and 3.290 (95% confidence interval: 2.218-4.881) for cardiovascular mortality, compared to those in the lowest quartile. Additionally, a nonlinear relationship between the metabolic score for visceral fat and the mortality risk was observed, with inflection points identified at 7.093 for all-cause mortality and 7.220 for cardiovascular mortality. Elevated metabolic score for visceral fat levels are strongly associated with heightened risks of mortality among diabetic or prediabetic population, underscoring their potential utility as a prognostic indicator.
Evaluating the Role of Galectin-1, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases.
Arkawazi L, Abdulateef D, Mahmood T
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41027471 · Publisher ↗
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally. Early identification of individuals at elevated risk is essential for improving preventive measures and patient outcomes. Biomarkers like Galectin-1, leptin,...
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally. Early identification of individuals at elevated risk is essential for improving preventive measures and patient outcomes. Biomarkers like Galectin-1, leptin, and adiponectin are known to play roles in metabolic processes, with a low adiponectin/leptin ratio indicating a heightened cardiometabolic risk. However, the association between Galectin-1, leptin, adiponectin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio with cardiovascular disease risk scores is not well understood. This study aims to assess these markers' correlation with cardiovascular disease risk and their potential utility as predictors. This cross-sectional study assessed 135 healthy adults through questionnaires and blood pressure measurements. Each participant's cardiovascular (CV) risk was estimated, with serum Galectin-1, adiponectin, and leptin levels measured. Comparisons of adipokine levels between age groups were conducted. The associations between variables were assessed, and linear regression was applied with cardiovascular risk score as the outcome. Statistical significance was set at <0.05. After excluding fifteen individuals, 122 subjects (62 males, 60 females; mean age 43.8 yr) were included in the study. Leptin levels correlated positively with CV risk score and LDL levels in younger individuals, while the adiponectin/leptin ratio showed a negative correlation with low density lipoproetin (LDL) and CV risk scores across age groups. Smoking was a strong predictor of CV risk in younger participants, whereas diabetes, cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and leptin were significant predictors in the middle-aged group (<0.05). Among measured adipokines, leptin is as a key predictor of cardiovascular risk, alongside established factors like smoking, diabetes, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio.
Impaired Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity is Associated with Increased Risk of Liver Fibrosis in Euthyroid Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES.
Yao X, Xiao K, Oo HK
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Sep · PMID 40935129 · Publisher ↗
The interplay between liver fibrosis and thyroid function remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding thyroid hormone sensitivity. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between liver fibrosis and...
The interplay between liver fibrosis and thyroid function remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding thyroid hormone sensitivity. Thus, this study aims to explore the relationship between liver fibrosis and thyroid hormone sensitivity in euthyroid US individuals. This study involved 4,678 euthyroid participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. Key clinical parameters were extracted, including thyroid-stimulating hormone, free and total thyroxine, and liver function-related data. Thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed by three indices: the Thyroid Function Quotient Index, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index, and Thyrotrophic Thyroxine Resistance Index. Multiple regression analyses and machine learning models were performed to evaluate the relationships between liver fibrosis and thyroid sensitivity indices. Participants with advanced liver fibrosis indicated by fibrosis index 4 (FIB-4) demonstrated significantly impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity indicated by Thyroid Function Quotient Index, Thyrotrophic Thyroxine Resistance Index, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index. Then, the logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that Thyroid Function Quotient Index, Thyrotrophic Thyroxine Resistance Index, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index were risk factors for liver fibrosis (odds ratio>1, <0.05). Furthermore, we developed machine learning models using random forest and Boruta's algorithm identifying thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index, Thyrotrophic Thyroxine Resistance Index, and Thyroid Function Quotient Index as key predictors for liver fibrosis. Mediation analysis indicates that uric acid is a weak mediator between thyroid hormone sensitivity and liver fibrosis. This study reveals that impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity is a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression in euthyroid individuals. These findings uncover a potential molecular link between thyroid hormone signaling and the development of liver fibrosis, warranting further investigation.
68Ga-Pentixafor Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Primary Aldosteronism: Preliminary Analysis on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Concordance and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Avidity Patterns.
Ban A, Lila AR, Karlekar M … +9 more , Barnabas R, Memon SS, Sarathi V, Malhotra G, Rathod K, Rege S, Badhe P, Harinarayan CV, Bandgar T
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Sep · PMID 40935128 · Publisher ↗
Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography has shown potential in primary aldosteronism subtyping, but analysis of its diagnostic accuracy based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography concordance an...
Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography has shown potential in primary aldosteronism subtyping, but analysis of its diagnostic accuracy based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography concordance and positron emission tomography/computed tomography avidity patterns is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography for subtyping primary aldosteronism and to assess its performance based on concordance with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography avidity patterns. Clinical, biochemical, radiological, functional imaging, treatment, histopathological, and follow-up details of 30 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography over 2 years at a tertiary center in India were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography for primary aldosteronism subtyping was evaluated in the whole cohort and in subgroups based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography-positron emission tomography/computed tomography concordance and positron emission tomography/computed tomography avidity patterns. Out of the 30 patients, final subtype classification was achieved in 15 (9 unilateral and 6 bilateral) based on surgical outcomes and/or adrenal venous sampling. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography correctly subtyped 14/15 (93.3%) patients. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography concordance was seen in 10 patients, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography accuracy was 100% (10/10) in this subgroup. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography discordance (contrast-enhanced computed tomography bilateral and positron emission tomography/computed tomography unilateral) was seen in five patients, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography accuracy in this subgroup was 80% (4/5). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography avidity patterns in the 15 patients having final subtype classification were unilateral avid (=10), bilateral avid (=2), and bilateral nonavid (=3). Diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography was 90% (9/10) in patients with unilateral avidity, and 100% in those with bilateral avidity or nonavidity. Preliminary analysis suggests that positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrates higher accuracy in certain subgroups, potentially guiding the triage for adrenal venous sampling.
Single-Center Study of Therapeutic Apheresis in 24 Male Patients from the MENA Region: Reduction of Lipids, Inflammatory Markers, Autoantibodies, and Implications for Fatigue, Genetics, and Aging.
Steenblock C, Walther R, Kok Y … +6 more , Mavberg P, Yaman M, Handgretinger R, Castillo-Aleman YM, Al Karam M, Bornstein SR
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 40934950 · Publisher ↗
Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes and obesity, are highly prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, exhibiting some of the highest global incidence rates. These conditions s...
Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes and obesity, are highly prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, exhibiting some of the highest global incidence rates. These conditions significantly increase the severity of infectious diseases, notably COVID-19, leading to a rise in long-COVID cases among affected individuals. Furthermore, the MENA region's extreme temperatures exacerbate cardiovascular issues by elevating heart rates and blood pressure, increasing dehydration and blood viscosity. Extracorporeal therapies, such as apheresis, effectively reduces plasma lipids and inflammatory markers. Furthermore, apheresis has shown promise in reducing autoantibodies associated to long-COVID. Our previous research indicated that apheresis alleviates symptoms in patients with long-COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome. In this study, we treated 24 male patients from the MENA region suffering from chronic fatigue and/or different metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, or obesity, using double filtration plasmapheresis. Comprehensive plasma analyses were performed before and after apheresis to assess lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and autoantibodies, revealing significant changes following the procedure. Genetic analyses on a subgroup of the patients showed no mutations in the LDLR, APOB, APOE, PCSK9, LIPA, and LDLRAP1 genes known to be associated with predispositions to monogenic lipid disorders. However, all patients in this subgroup demonstrated an intermediate to high likelihood that their elevated lipid levels have a polygenic basis. These findings suggest that implementing apheresis in the MENA region could significantly improve health outcomes and life expectancy for affected individuals.
Association of METS-IR with Pregnancy Outcomes in Euthyroid Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Lin J, Xie Q, Guo Z … +4 more , Lin X, Shen Q, Han M, Lin J
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Aug · PMID 40930235 · Publisher ↗
The non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a recently developed index aimed at being a practical and efficient alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investig...
The non-insulin-based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) is a recently developed index aimed at being a practical and efficient alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the association between METS-IR in euthyroid women in the first trimester of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. A total of 1810 participants who gave birth at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from November 2018 to November 2019 were included in this study. Thyroid function, fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels, lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters were collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. METS-IR was calculated by FPG, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index. Pregnancy outcomes were collected. There were 75 (4.1%) cases of macrosomia and 433 (23.9%) cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were divided into four groups based on METS-IR, with a median and interquartile range of METS-IR levels of 23.91 (22.83, 24.67), 26.53 (25.88, 27.17), 29.13 (28.47, 30.00), and 33.59 (32.10, 36.21), respectively. The higher METS-IR quartile was significantly associated with macrosomia and GDM (p<0.05). The risk of macrosomia and GDM increased with the increased METS-IR levels when METS-IR was a continuous variable, particularly METS-IR levels reaching 27.84 and higher (overall p<0.05). We found no correlation between METS-IR and low birth weight, cesarean section, and preterm delivery (p>0.05). Increasing METS-IR in euthyroid women in the first trimester of pregnancy may predict macrosomia and GDM.
Thyroid Hormones and Aging: Modulators of Mitochondrial Health, Metabolic Flexibility, and Longevity Pathways.
Mazza AD
Horm Metab Res · 2026 Feb · PMID 40921197 · Publisher ↗
Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are critical regulators of metabolic rate, mitochondrial function, and cellular repair mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that thyroid status may...
Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are critical regulators of metabolic rate, mitochondrial function, and cellular repair mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that thyroid status may significantly influence aging trajectories and longevity through modulation of key cellular pathways. This review explores the role of thyroid hormones in aging biology, with a focus on their interaction with longevity-associated signaling pathways and the hallmarks of aging. Both physiological and subclinical thyroid states in the context of healthspan, cognitive preservation, metabolic resilience, and mitochondrial integrity are explored. A narrative synthesis of human and animal studies was conducted, including mechanistic, epidemiologic, and clinical data, to evaluate how thyroid hormone levels affect aging pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, IGF-1, sirtuins, FOXO transcription factors, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Thyroid hormones modulate several hallmarks of aging, including mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, epigenetic drift, and deregulated nutrient sensing. T3 enhances mitochondrial respiration and autophagy while interacting with mechanistic target of rapamycin and AMP-activated protein kinase to regulate energy balance. Altered thyroid function-particularly subclinical hypothyroidism-has been paradoxically associated with increased longevity in some centenarian cohorts, possibly due to reduced oxidative metabolism. However, overt thyroid dysfunction is linked to increased metabolic risk in aging populations. Thyroid hormones serve as metabolic gatekeepers that influence both cellular aging and organismal longevity. A deeper understanding of their role in aging pathways may inform novel strategies for promoting healthy aging, including thyroid hormone modulation and personalized endocrine optimization.
Epidemiology, Prevention, and Clinical Management of Allergic Rhinitis.
Mishra V, Babu RH
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Aug · PMID 40921161 · Publisher ↗
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread chronic condition caused by immune responses involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) when exposed to airborne allergens. It frequently coexists with conditions such as asthma and eye infla...
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread chronic condition caused by immune responses involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) when exposed to airborne allergens. It frequently coexists with conditions such as asthma and eye inflammation and represents a major public health issue due to its significant burden and associated disabilities across the globe. Key contributing factors include exposure to airborne or workplace-related allergens and hereditary predispositions. AR negatively impacts daily life, including social interactions, academic performance, and productivity at work, while also leading to considerable economic expenses. The ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines categorize AR based on duration (intermittent or persistent) and severity (mild or moderate/severe). Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation, and in patients with uncontrolled or long-term symptoms, confirmation may involve skin prick testing or detecting specific IgE antibodies in the blood. Common treatments include oral, nasal, or eye-drop antihistamines (H1-blockers), nasal corticosteroids, or a combination of both delivered intranasally. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, administered by qualified specialists and using standardized extracts, is beneficial for individuals with ongoing symptoms. Insights from real-life data collected through mobile applications are enhancing understanding of AR types and their management. Future developments aim to improve recognition of complex overlapping conditions, utilize health technology evaluations, and promote patient-involved treatment decisions.
Metabolic and Nutritional Outcomes After Sleeve Gastrostomy and Gastric Bypass in Adolescents: A Cohort Study with 1-Year Follow-Up.
Zolfaghari F, Barzin M, Mahdavi M … +2 more , Khalaj A, Asghari G
Horm Metab Res · 2025 Aug · PMID 40921160 · Publisher ↗
We conducted this study to compare the anthropometric and metabolic outcomes and nutritional status, after sleeve gastrostomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GB) in adolescents with severe obesity. We selected 219 adolescents w...
We conducted this study to compare the anthropometric and metabolic outcomes and nutritional status, after sleeve gastrostomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GB) in adolescents with severe obesity. We selected 219 adolescents with severe obesity (Body Mass Index>99th percentile or 95th≤BMI<99th percentile) among the participants of Tehran Obesity Treatment Study and assessed them for anthropometric and metabolic outcomes and nutritional status at baseline and during 1 year follow up after the surgery. Out of the total, 182 participants were in the SG group and 37 were in the GB group. BMI was lower in SG patients compared to GB group (38.5±4.8 kg/m vs. 36.1±4.0 kg/m , p-value<0.05), 3 months after surgery. Metabolic profiles such as aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were lower in SG group compared to GB after 6 months of follow up, while high-density lipoprotein was higher in SG patients compered to GB patients (41.6±8.4 mg/dl vs. 48.0±9.2 mg/dl, p-value<0.05). After one year, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were higher in adolescents who underwent SG compared to those in GB group. There was no significant difference in micronutrient status between SG and GB groups. It seems that SG in adolescents with obesity and fatty liver disease, is more appropriate but GB may be preferred in patients with a history of lipid profile abnormalities. More studies are needed to draw conclusions about nutritional status and long-term outcomes after surgery.
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