Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
High-foaming modified walnut protein enhances milk coffee quality and volatile aroma profile.
Wang D, Li Z, Zhao H … +6 more , Li C, Gao B, Wang K, Peng J, Peng C, Gong J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42391708 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effects of five modification methods, including ultra-high pressure, ultrasonic, alkaline protease, ultra-high pressure-alkaline protease, and ultrasonic-alkaline protease treatment, on walnut...
This study investigated the effects of five modification methods, including ultra-high pressure, ultrasonic, alkaline protease, ultra-high pressure-alkaline protease, and ultrasonic-alkaline protease treatment, on walnut protein (WP) and their application in milk coffee. The results demonstrated that modification effectively altered key physicochemical properties of WP, including reduced molecular weight and surface hydrophobicity. The treatments induced partial reversible cross-linking, increased pore formation and β-turn content, and significantly improved protein solubility. Notably, enzyme-assisted modification increased solubility by more than threefold. Foam stability of WP aqueous solutions over 30 min was improved due to reduced and more uniform bubble size, accompanied by enhanced rheological properties. In particular, WP modified by ultrasound combined with alkaline protease significantly enhanced the foaming capacity by 282.67%. Within 30 min, this treatment also exhibited the highest foam stability, the largest foam volume, and the smallest foam diameter. After mixing with coffee, the addition of modified WP improved product appearance and reduced zeta potential, while also enhancing the sweetness perception. In addition, electronic nose response intensity and overall volatile compound levels were decreased. However, modified WP increased the release of characteristic coffee aroma compounds, including methyl acetate.
Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of tyrosinase inhibitors from lotus seed peel powder.
Zhang C, Liu J, Tan J … +5 more , Cai J, Long Y, Deng S, Guo S, Liu C
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42391707 · Publisher ↗
Lotus seed peel powder (LSP), a major by-product of lotus seed processing, is rich in bioactive constituents but remains largely underutilized. Conventional aqueous and ethanolic extraction methods for LSP are constraine...
Lotus seed peel powder (LSP), a major by-product of lotus seed processing, is rich in bioactive constituents but remains largely underutilized. Conventional aqueous and ethanolic extraction methods for LSP are constrained by low extraction efficiency and poor selectivity. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction (UADE) strategy was developed to recover tyrosinase inhibitors from LSP. UADE significantly enhanced flavonoid and polyphenol extraction compared with traditional methods. Among the tested DESs, the L-proline/lactic acid system exhibited the highest selectivity for tyrosinase inhibitors. Using response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: Pro to LA 1:2, 20 % water, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:40 (w/v), 47 °C, 300 W, 70 min. Under these conditions, the tyrosinase inhibition rate reached 96.51 %, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of the purified extract was 1.02 mg/mL. In addition, the DES system retained good reusability over multiple extraction cycles. Mechanistic analyses revealed that ultrasonic treatment markedly disrupted LSP cell wall structure, promoting the release of active components. Four key tyrosinase inhibitors, including isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside-6''-rhamnoside, were identified via UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS analysis combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. DFT calculations suggested that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions between DES components and key inhibitors were the core driving forces of extraction selectivity. Zebrafish assays confirmed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity in vivo and downregulated the expression of multiple melanogenesis-related genes. These findings establish UADE as an effective and selective approach for the extraction of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural resources, providing a methodological basis for developing anti-melanogenic cosmetic ingredients.
Sonochemical cavitation-driven interfacial-selective nucleation of silver nanoparticles via silver carboxylate precursors for Ag/Si nanocomposites.
Tsuchiya H, Kawamoto H, Takizawa H … +2 more , Ueshima M, Hayashi Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42385407 · Publisher ↗
A low-temperature, dispersant-free sonochemical process was developed to prepare Ag nanoparticle-supported Si composite particles from AgO, mixed carboxylic acids, and Si powder. Ultrasonic irradiation promoted the in si...
A low-temperature, dispersant-free sonochemical process was developed to prepare Ag nanoparticle-supported Si composite particles from AgO, mixed carboxylic acids, and Si powder. Ultrasonic irradiation promoted the in situ formation and subsequent transformation of silver carboxylate intermediates, resulting in the formation of Ag nanoparticles on Si-particle surfaces. The formation and transformation behavior of these intermediates were influenced by the carboxylic acid composition and solvent type. Under formic acid-rich conditions, metallic Ag formation was promoted, whereas acetate-rich conditions resulted in the persistence of silver carboxylate phases. When 2-propanol was used as the solvent at an HCOOH ratio of 9:1, fine Ag nanoparticles were formed on the Si-particle surfaces. Particle-size analysis showed that the mean Ag nanoparticle diameter increased from 18.0 ± 6.0 nm after 2 h to 34.9 ± 16.4 nm after 3 h at 50 °C, indicating particle growth and/or coalescence during prolonged ultrasonic irradiation. A Si-free control experiment showed slower phase conversion and the formation of aggregated Ag-containing products, supporting the role of Si particles in influencing precursor transformation and Ag nanoparticle formation. These results are consistent with a cavitation-assisted interfacial process in which ultrasonic irradiation promotes silver carboxylate-mediated Ag formation and favors the formation of Ag nanoparticles at Si-particle interfaces. This process provides a potential route for preparing Ag/Si composite particles for Ag-based sintered materials, in which localized Ag loading may contribute to the efficient use of Ag.
Scale-Dependent hydroxyl radical generation and energy efficiency in vortex diode hydrodynamic cavitation: machine learning insights toward industrial-scale applications in water treatment.
Pang X, Sarvothaman VP, Kulkarni SR … +2 more , Roberts WL, Ranade VV
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42385406 · Publisher ↗
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) reactors are increasingly applied in the remediation of organic pollutants in water, leveraging intense shear and hydroxyl radical (OH•) generation to accelerate degradation processes. Howeve...
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) reactors are increasingly applied in the remediation of organic pollutants in water, leveraging intense shear and hydroxyl radical (OH•) generation to accelerate degradation processes. However, scaling up HC devices remains a challenge in environmental engineering due to poorly understood effects at different scales of operation. Vortex-based HC (VDs) provide superior cavitation efficiency compared to traditional orifice and venturi devices and therefore this study examines the scale-dependent generation of OH• in VDs. Coumarin dosimetry was employed as the quantification method for OH• generation. Available published experimental datasets were analysed: (i) varying inlet pressures from 100 to 400 kPa for throat diameters of 6 and 12 mm, and (ii) throat diameters ranging from 6 to 38 mm (nominal capacities of 5 to 200 L/min) at a fixed pressure drop of 280 kPa. After normalization of the available data, seven machine learning (ML) models were trained to establish relationships between operating conditions and OH• generation performance. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and artificial neural networks (ANN) outperformed the others, with higher R and lower RMSE. After using SHAP interpretation, these two models were used to elucidate scale effects on both radical yield and energy efficiency, resulting in actionable design guidelines for VDs at different scales. By combining experimental dosimetry with predictive ML, this work advances the fundamental understanding and practical implementation of cavitation-based advanced oxidation technologies, particularly for efficient and energy-optimized treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater.
Ultrasound modified flaxseed protein-rice starch composite system for texture-modified soft gels: structural, functional, and swallowing properties.
Min C, Li G, Yang H … +4 more , Pan D, Guo P, Zeng W, Chen H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42378729 · Full text
Meeting the growing demand for safe, nutritious, and swallowable foods for the elderly with dysphagia is hindered by persistent difficulties in achieving appropriate texture and stability. This study investigated the eff...
Meeting the growing demand for safe, nutritious, and swallowable foods for the elderly with dysphagia is hindered by persistent difficulties in achieving appropriate texture and stability. This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the structural, functional, and swallowing properties of a flaxseed protein-rice starch (FP-RS) composite system used as potential texture-modified soft gels suitable for dysphagia patients. Ultrasonic treatment (0-80 min) modulated the gel network in a non-monotonic manner. Moderate ultrasonication (40 min) promoted protein unfolding and starch fragmentation, enhancing intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and facilitating the formation of a homogeneous, tightly cross-linked three-dimensional network. This optimized structure significantly improved the water-holding capacity from 83.66% to 94.98%, increased hardness to 0.86 N and cohesiveness to 0.26, and enhanced thermal stability by raising the initial degradation temperature from 293.4 °C to 298.3 °C while reducing the weight loss from 78.7% to 76.2%. Atomic force microscopy revealed a minimum surface roughness (Rq) of 1.40 nm at 40 min, compared with 15.1 nm for the untreated control, confirming the highest nanoscale structural uniformity. Notably, gels subjected to 40-60 min of ultrasonication achieved International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Level 5 classification, demonstrating appropriate moldability, cohesiveness, and low adhesiveness. However, prolonged ultrasonication induced protein over-aggregation and starch chain scission, leading to network degradation and functional deterioration. This study provides mechanistic insights into ultrasound-induced structural modifications of FP-RS composite gels and highlights their potential as texture-modified soft gel foods for dysphagia management.
Sustainable extraction of polyphenols from Pleurotus eryngii using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents with process optimization and biological activity.
Iqbal MW, Shao P, Lin Y … +5 more , Yaqoob S, Shoaib M, Shen Q, Aljobair MO, Mohamed Ahmed IA
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42378728 · Publisher ↗
Ultrasound-assisted extraction using a deep eutectic solvent (UDES) represents sustainable strategy for recovering polyphenols from Pleurotus eryngii (PEPs). In this study, preliminary single-factor experiments were firs...
Ultrasound-assisted extraction using a deep eutectic solvent (UDES) represents sustainable strategy for recovering polyphenols from Pleurotus eryngii (PEPs). In this study, preliminary single-factor experiments were first conducted to evaluate the effect of individual extraction parameters. The conditions were subsequently optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in optimal parameters of 50 °C temperature, 320 W ultrasonic power, 60 g/L solid-to-solvent ratio, and 20 min extraction time, with a predicted PEPs yield of 39.60 mg GAE/g and an actual yield of 37.03 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g. Extraction kinetics were well described by a pseudo-second-order model (R > 0.99), while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the integrity of key functional groups in the optimized DES components and verified the successful ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols using different methods. Similarly, SEM analysis revealed clear morphological changes between the raw sample and the powder extracted using water, ethanol and DES both with and without ultrasonication highlighting clear structural changes during extraction process. HPLC identified vanillic acid (9.14 mg/g) and gallic acid (7.46 mg/g) as the main phenolic compounds. Furthermore, this study identified fumaric acid, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, and caffeic acid in Pleurotus eryngii for the first time, expanding its known polyphenolic profile. UDES-extracted PEPs showed greatly enhanced antioxidant activity across ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays and demonstrated strong antifungal effects, inhibiting Aspergillus niger growth by 86.6% at 0.35 mg/mL. Overall, these findings demonstrate that UDES is a high-efficient, sustainable approach for extracting bioactive polyphenols from P. eryngii. The results also highlight its potential for the green valorization of mushroom by-products and their application in functional food as well as nutritional values in food system.
Novel biosurfactant-stabilized nanoemulsions integrating interfacial stabilization and antibacterial activity for safe surface disinfection.
Jeong GJ, Kim HJ, Jo YH … +8 more , Kim SC, Park DJ, Cho KJ, Kim NY, Lee JM, Kim M, Jung WK, Kim YM
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42378727 · Full text
Chemical disinfectants are widely used for microbial control. However, concerns regarding their safety and environmental impact have driven the development of alternative antimicrobial systems based on natural components...
Chemical disinfectants are widely used for microbial control. However, concerns regarding their safety and environmental impact have driven the development of alternative antimicrobial systems based on natural components. Here, a biosurfactant (BS) derived from Bacillus velezensis GJ1 was used to construct a natural grade nanoemulsion (NE) system using thyme oil as the oil phase. Unlike conventional formulations in which surfactants mainly act as passive stabilizers, BS in this system contributed to both interfacial stabilization and antibacterial activity, enabling the development of a natural-grade NE system with combined physicochemical and antibacterial functionalities. The resulting NEs exhibited stable physicochemical properties and consistent droplet characteristics. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated strong activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157, with comparable efficacy across different co-surfactant systems. This suggests that BS may contribute to the antibacterial performance of the NE systems. Microscopic analyses confirmed the membrane disruption and increased permeability of the bacterial cells. Under contact surface conditions, the BS-containing NEs exhibited measurable antibacterial activity against both L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157 under the tested conditions. NEs exhibited low cytotoxicity, minimal skin irritation, and negligible phytotoxicity at antibacterial concentrations. The findings suggest the potential applicability of BS-stabilized NEs as natural antimicrobial systems in which the surfactant contributes to both interfacial stabilization and antibacterial activity. These results may provide useful insights for the development of effective and safer disinfectant formulations based on naturally derived components.
Flavor modulation of fermented degummed coffee beans by ultrasound and ultra-high pressure: metabolomic and volatile profiles.
Wang Z, Li C, Zhou Y … +5 more , Xie Q, Dai J, Liu J, Tian Y, Tao L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42365777 · Full text
This study established a process in which physical pretreatments were applied after microbial fermentation and degumming, and evaluated how these treatments affected green coffee bean metabolite profiles and roasted-bean...
This study established a process in which physical pretreatments were applied after microbial fermentation and degumming, and evaluated how these treatments affected green coffee bean metabolite profiles and roasted-bean flavor. Relative to fermented green coffee beans without physical pretreatment (GF), ultrasound-pretreated fermented green coffee beans (GUS) and ultra-high-pressure-pretreated fermented green coffee beans (GUHP) showed significantly increased extractable contents of total sugars, reducing sugars, polyphenols, and flavonoids (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis identified 144 and 656 differential metabolites in GUS and GUHP, respectively, with amino acid metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism among the commonly enriched pathways. Compared with green beans, roasting increased the number of compounds of pyrazines and ketones by 13% and 16%, respectively. The two physical pretreatments were associated with different patterns of volatile composition in the roasted beans. GUS showed higher relative abundances of several furans and phenols, whereas GUHP showed greater changes in aldehydes, ketones, acids, and specific pyrazines. The three roasted groups had similar overall cupping scores but differed in the relative distribution of individual sensory attributes. These two physical pretreatments therefore produced different flavor-related compositional and sensory tendencies. Correlation analysis identified associations between volatile compounds and metabolites related to shikimate/phenylpropanoid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid derivatives. This study provides a theoretical basis for the precise modulation of roasted coffee flavor through the application of microbial fermentation and physical field pretreatment technologies.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction for enhanced recovery and bioactivity of polyphenols from Tuber formosanum.
Huo H, Bao H, Liu T … +5 more , Wu S, Yang B, Gao R, Song M, Kan H
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42361485 · Publisher ↗
Tuber formosanum is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, yet systematic research on the efficient and green extraction of its polyphenolic compounds remains limited. This study aims to establish an optimized ultrasoun...
Tuber formosanum is a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, yet systematic research on the efficient and green extraction of its polyphenolic compounds remains limited. This study aims to establish an optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process for polyphenols from T. formosanum. UAE was conducted using a KS-700XDS power-adjustable ultrasonic bath at 50 kHz. Initially, UAE was validated as the most efficient method among several conventional techniques, achieving a 14.7% higher yield than heating reflux extraction while consuming 7.5-fold less energy. Subsequently, Lasso regression identified ultrasonic power, time, temperature, and ethanol concentration as the critical variables influencing total polyphenol content (TPC). Through response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal extraction conditions were determined: 95 min, 210 W, 70 ℃, and 60% ethanol. Under these parameters, the TPC reached 2.72 mg/g, representing a 16.24% improvement over pre-optimization levels. To elucidate the contribution patterns of each factor, SHAP analysis was employed, revealing that ultrasonic power was the dominant factor, while time and temperature exhibited unimodal optimal contribution trends, corroborating the RSM findings. Antioxidant assays confirmed that the extract obtained under optimized conditions demonstrated significantly enhanced DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power compared to unoptimized extracts. This study not only establishes an efficient UAE protocol for T. formosanum polyphenols but also provides a novel methodological framework integrating green extraction technology with interpretable machine learning for the sustainable valorization of bioactive compounds from rare fungal resources.
Phytochemical investigation of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) for therapeutic application in urinary tract infection (UTI) management and development of functional tea.
Ashraf S, Ismail T, Akhtar S … +5 more , Khan MZ, Daraz U, Bukhari SW, Qamar M, Mubarak MS
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42361484 · Full text
Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) is a medicinal fruit, rich in secondary metabolites with reported anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The current study aimed to assess the impact of drying and extraction technique...
Phyllanthus emblica L. (amla) is a medicinal fruit, rich in secondary metabolites with reported anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The current study aimed to assess the impact of drying and extraction techniques on phytochemical recovery, the biological potential of P. emblica relevant to the management of urinary tract infection (UTI), and the development of functional tea. Two different processing methods were adopted. Method 1 involves sun-drying of P. emblica and extracting with methanol and ethanol using an orbital shaker at 40 °C. Method 2 involves freeze-drying of P. emblica and then ultrasound-assisted extraction (sonication) using the same solvent system. Results showed that the methanol extract obtained using method 2 yielded the highest phytochemical recovery (TPC 170.18 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH IC 208.2 µg/mL; FRAP 35.7 µmol Fe/g), compared to the ethanol and method 1 extracts but considerably lower than standard quercetin. The same extract showed notable inhibition against egg albumin (62.6 %), bovine serum albumin (59.5 %) denaturation, delineated more inhibition against COX-2 (IC 46.7 µg/mL) than COX-1 (IC 68.2 µg/mL), and notable broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract derived from freeze-dried P. emblica yielded three different fractions (A, B, C) using liquid-liquid partitioning. Fraction B (ethyl acetate) outlined enhanced biological potential in all assays except for a slight decline in antifungal activity. Moreover, sub-fractionation by RP-HPLC, which revealed reduced activity, underscores the role of synergistic phytochemical interactions. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of fraction B identified gallic acid, ellagic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and myricetin. Additionally, brewing freeze-dried P. emblica powder as a functional tea retained substantial phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential, while sensory optimization through blending with green tea improved consumer acceptability. The findings suggest that freeze-drying with sonication may effectively preserve bioactive compounds from P. emblica, supporting its potential as a nutraceutical against clinically relevant uropathogens, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm therapeutic efficacy.
Hybrid Sonochemical-Pressure Fabrication of tri-element nanohybrids for advanced biological protection in resin and metal dental crowns.
Qiao J, Zhu W, Yuan G … +3 more , Li F, Yin X, Zhang Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42349215 · Full text
Premature failure of dental crowns is frequently associated with bacterial colonization, secondary caries, and persistent biofilm formation at restoration interfaces. In this study, Sn-Ag-Al trimetallic nanohybrids were...
Premature failure of dental crowns is frequently associated with bacterial colonization, secondary caries, and persistent biofilm formation at restoration interfaces. In this study, Sn-Ag-Al trimetallic nanohybrids were synthesized through a novel hybrid sonochemical-pressure-assisted approach and ultrasonically embedded onto metal and resin dental crowns to develop durable antibacterial and antibiofilm coatings. Structural and surface characterization using XRD, FE-SEM-EDX, BET, and Raman analyses confirmed the formation of crystalline nanohybrids with homogeneous elemental distribution, nanoscale morphology, and favorable surface properties for crown adhesion. Antibacterial evaluation revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with zones of inhibition increasing from 12.6 and 9.5 mm at 50 µg/mL to 23.4 and 21.9 mm at 250 µg/mL, respectively. The coated crowns exhibited strong antibiofilm activity, achieving up to 85.4 % inhibition against E. coli and 81.3 % against S. aureus. Cytocompatibility studies using human gingival fibroblasts demonstrated high cell viability at clinically relevant concentrations, confirming the biocompatible nature of the coating. Furthermore, FESEM-EDX analysis showed that the ultrasonically deposited trimetallic layer remained structurally intact after repeated saline-washing cycles, retaining significant antibacterial functionality and indicating excellent coating durability under simulated oral conditions. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial action of Sn, Ag, and Al combined with cavitation-assisted nanoparticle anchoring generated during ultrasonic processing. This work introduces a multifunctional, wash-resistant trimetallic coating platform that integrates sonochemistry and pressure-assisted synthesis for long-term protection of dental restorations. The findings highlight the potential of ultrasonic surface engineering in developing next-generation infection-resistant dental biomaterials and advanced restorative devices.
Mechanisms of dual-frequency focused ultrasound regulation of acoustic droplet vaporization-enhanced thermal lesion formation.
Zhao Y, Feng Y, Wu L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42341716 · Full text
Dual-frequency focused ultrasound combined with phase-change nanodroplets offers a promising strategy for improving thermal ablation; however, the mechanisms by which dual-frequency excitation reshapes acoustic droplet v...
Dual-frequency focused ultrasound combined with phase-change nanodroplets offers a promising strategy for improving thermal ablation; however, the mechanisms by which dual-frequency excitation reshapes acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) and lesion formation remain unclear. Here, we developed a coupled numerical model to investigate how dual-frequency ultrasound governs ADV-enhanced thermal lesion formation through ADV nucleation, bubble-cloud evolution, acoustic-field redistribution, and acoustic energy deposition. The model incorporated nonlinear acoustic propagation, a modified classical nucleation theory for ADV, iterative bubble-cloud expansion, gas-volume-fraction-dependent effective acoustic properties, and bioheat transfer, and was qualitatively assessed against in vitro phantom experiments using a confocal 1 MHz + 5 MHz transducer system. In the presence of phase-change nanodroplets, single-frequency exposure produced delayed ADV after thermal build-up and generated a teardrop-shaped lesion, whereas dual-frequency exposure triggered immediate multisite ADV, accelerated bubble-cloud growth, and yielded a more triangular lesion. Increasing low-frequency acoustic power promoted a transition from teardrop-like to triangular lesions, while increasing nanodroplet concentration enhanced acoustic shielding and shifted lesion formation toward the proximal side of the bubble cloud. These results suggest that dual-frequency ultrasound regulates ADV-enhanced thermal ablation primarily by controlling where ADV is initiated, how the bubble cloud evolves, and where acoustic energy is deposited. The proposed model provides a mechanistic framework for optimizing dual-frequency ADV-mediated ultrasound therapy and engineering controllable lesion geometries.
Exploring the influences of ultrasound-assisted glycosylated modification on chickpea protein isolate: insights into structural, functional, and interfacial properties.
Chen C, Xie K, Zhao Y … +3 more , Guo X, Mao X, Zhang J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42335829 · Full text
Chickpea protein isolate (CPI) offers advantages such as low allergenicity, high digestibility, and a balanced essential amino acid profile, making it a promising dietary protein. However, its relatively poor emulsifying...
Chickpea protein isolate (CPI) offers advantages such as low allergenicity, high digestibility, and a balanced essential amino acid profile, making it a promising dietary protein. However, its relatively poor emulsifying properties in its natural form limit its application in the food industry. Therefore, this study prepared protein-polysaccharide conjugates by heating CPI and citrus pectin (CP) aqueous dispersion under different ultrasonic pre-treatment (UP) at 200 W, 400 W, and 600 W. Results confirmed that the formation of CPI-CP covalent conjugates through analyses of grafting degree, intermediates, browning intensity, and SDS-PAGE. Ultrasonic treatment at 400 W enhanced the conjugates' surface hydrophobicity (H), free sulfhydryl (-SH) content, particle size, and emulsifying properties. Notably, moderate ultrasonic pre-treatment (400 W) could enhance interfacial adsorption capacity and interfacial interactions of prepared CPI-CP conjugate products at the oil-water interface. Collectively, these findings elucidated the positive role of ultrasound pretreatment in the preparation of CPI-CP conjugates with high interfacial performances, highlighting the potential application value of UP in the preparation of CPI-CP glycosylation products.
Reduced-temperature pasteurization of apple juice using a flow-through sonicator.
Maghami S, Rumpunen K, Johansson Ö
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42335828 · Full text
Thermal pasteurization is widely applied to ensure the microbial safety of fruit juices; however, it can degrade heat-sensitive nutritional and sensory attributes. In this study, a reduced-temperature processing approach...
Thermal pasteurization is widely applied to ensure the microbial safety of fruit juices; however, it can degrade heat-sensitive nutritional and sensory attributes. In this study, a reduced-temperature processing approach based on combined acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation was investigated using a flow-through sonication system. The sonicator design was validated through both simulation and experimental results. It enables an efficient combination of acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation, improving energy transfer, pressure localization, generation of transient cavitation, and increased field complexity. The effects of excitation mode (single and dual-frequency), temperature (30-55 °C), and treatment time were evaluated in terms of microbial inactivation, microstructural modification, and physical stability. Dual-frequency excitation at 50-55 °C (DF-4) showed the highest performance, achieving a log reduction of 3.6 for yeast, 2.7 for mold, and 2.8 for aerobic microorganisms as a hygiene indicator after 450 s efficient time. SEM observations confirmed progressive cellular disruption, while sedimentation tracking indicated improved stability due to reduced particle size and improved dispersion. The proposed approach improves microbial inactivation and modifies the microstructure and stability of the juice, highlighting its potential for processing at reduced-temperatures of apple juice.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and stereoselectivity analysis of para-menthane-3,8-diol from citronellal via the Prins reaction.
Phan MH, Tran TD, Ho NTD … +4 more , Phan Thi TT, Huynh PNH, Mai TT, Tran NC
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42330877 · Full text
para-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is a widely used bio-based insect repellent. However, its conventional synthesis is limited by protracted reaction times. Herein, we report an ultrasound-assisted Prins cyclization of citrone...
para-Menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is a widely used bio-based insect repellent. However, its conventional synthesis is limited by protracted reaction times. Herein, we report an ultrasound-assisted Prins cyclization of citronellal, a monoterpenoid aldehyde, to PMD under 20 kHz irradiation. Using pure citronellal, ultrasound irradiation at 40% amplitude (∼48 µm) afforded PMD with 98% GC-FID purity within 2 h, compared with 87% PMD obtained after 10 h under conventional heating. Even at 100% amplitude (∼120 µm), the reaction proceeded within 10 min while maintaining a high PMD content of approximately 93%. For lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) oil, ultrasound irradiation at 40-60% amplitude (∼48-72 µm) reduced reaction times from 15 h to 0.5-2.0 h while providing PMD contents comparable to those obtained by conventional heating. Notably, crystallization from the natural oil feedstock increased the cis-isomer content to 90%, compared with 65% obtained from pure citronellal. The observed cis stereoselectivity is proposed to arise from steric effects associated with the 3-methyl substituent of citronellal during intramolecular cyclization. Density functional theory calculations qualitatively support the proposed stereoselective mechanism. These findings provide an efficient approach for the synthesis and purification of PMD while offering mechanistic insights into stereochemical control in Prins cyclization reactions.
Analysis on the formation mechanism of porous microstructure on aluminum grooves by ultrasonic cavitation treatment.
Zhong G, Qiu Y, Xia J … +6 more , Yu Z, Liu Q, Gao C, Wu J, Rao L, Tang Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42330876 · Full text
During the ultrasonic cavitation treatment, the morphology of groove surface can be changed obviously due to the cavitation impact. This study intends to investigate the formation mechanism of porous microstructure on th...
During the ultrasonic cavitation treatment, the morphology of groove surface can be changed obviously due to the cavitation impact. This study intends to investigate the formation mechanism of porous microstructure on the groove surface. Experiments were conducted to explore the effects of ultrasonic cavitation duration and clearance on the formation of microstructure on two types of aluminum grooves. Meanwhile, an acoustic-fluid coupling simulation is executed to analyze the acoustic pressure distribution and flow velocity characteristics under different ultrasonic treatment clearances. The results show that the porous microstructure appears preferentially at the bottom of the groove, and gradually extends to the peak as the treatment duration increases. The bottom corner of the groove is more susceptible to cavitation impact due to its smaller radius of curvature and higher flow velocity. The ultrasonic clearance mainly affects the distribution and size of the porous microstructure at the peak of the groove due to the variation of flow velocity. As the clearance decreases, the high-pressure region tends to concentrate and expand into the grooves, and the flow velocity also increases obviously. The higher flow velocity may accelerate the movement of bubbles to the grooves, thereby increasing the likelihood of cavitation impacts on the groove surfaces. And too smaller clearance also results in the smaller size of micro-hollows at the groove peak due to the relatively weak cavitation impact form the restricted cavitation bubbles. These results will contribute to the parameter optimization of the treatment process.
Intensification of triphasic photocatalytic microreactor performance via high-frequency ultrasound for enhanced mass transfer and dye degradation.
Daneshvar M, Parvareh A, Azimi N
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42320440 · Full text
This study demonstrates that high-frequency ultrasound can significantly enhance mass transfer efficiency in a three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) photocatalytic microreactor, improving dye degradation performance. A custom-d...
This study demonstrates that high-frequency ultrasound can significantly enhance mass transfer efficiency in a three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) photocatalytic microreactor, improving dye degradation performance. A custom-designed microreactor, consisting of four diamond-shaped mixing chambers, was equipped with piezoelectric plate (PZT) transducers operating at 1.7 MHz, with a nominal input power of 5.1-5.2 W per transducer. The effective acoustic power delivered to the reaction medium was determined using a calorimetric method based on the temperature rise of the liquid, and was found to correspond to 51.3-61.6% of the nominal electrical input power depending on the number of activated PZT transducers. To investigate the synergistic effect between ultrasound and photocatalysis, methylene blue (MB) degradation was evaluated under three operational modes: photocatalysis alone (UV), sonolysis (US), and combined sonophotocatalysis (UV + US). A magnetically recoverable FeO/TiO photocatalyst was synthesized and used together with oxygen as the gas phase. Under optimal conditions, the sonophotocatalytic process removed 44.3% of MB, representing a 13% improvement over UV photocatalysis alone and a 55% increase compared with sonolysis. This enhancement was associated with substantial improvements in key performance indicators, including an apparent overall removal coefficient (k) of 2470 min and a significantly elevated reaction rate constant under mixed conditions. Statistical analyses using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Pearson correlation confirmed that catalyst dosage had the strongest positive correlation with removal efficiency (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), while flow rate and initial dye concentration negatively influenced performance. The PZT transducer arrangement was also critical: simultaneous activation of three transducers yielded 37.83% removal efficiency, more than doubling the performance of single-transducer configurations. These results demonstrate that high-frequency, plate-type ultrasound integrated into microreactors enhances cavitation, microstreaming, and mass transfer, offering a powerful approach to intensifying triphasic photocatalytic processes and advancing wastewater treatment technologies.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ehretia macrophylla wall. Fruit phenolic acids: Process optimization, characterization, and lung protective activities.
Fan C, Geng X, Ding N … +5 more , Huang S, Deng X, Shan H, Wang H, Cheng S
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42314604 · Full text
Ehretia macrophylla Wall. fruit (EMF) is rich in phenolic acids and is commonly used as an ethnomedicine against respiratory diseases. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to obtain the optima...
Ehretia macrophylla Wall. fruit (EMF) is rich in phenolic acids and is commonly used as an ethnomedicine against respiratory diseases. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to obtain the optimal extract of EMF phenolic acids (EMFPA). The chemical components of EMFPA were characterized, and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lung protective activities were systematically evaluated. Using a Box-Behnken response surface methodology design, the optimal UAE conditions were determined to be ultrasound power of 350 W, a time of 67 min, a temperature of 53℃, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 45:1 mL/g, resulting in the highest extraction yield value of EMFPA (84.32 ± 0.21 mg CA/g), which was significantly higher than that obtained with ethanol reflux extraction (ERE). A total of 31 phenolic acids were identified in EMFPA by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, including protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid derivatives. Quantitative analysis revealed that UAE yielded higher major phenolic acids than ERE, especially salvianolic acid A. The antioxidant activity of UAE-EMFPA was substantially higher than that of the ERE-EMFPA, and the UAE-EMFPA had a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 generation in the LPS-induced MLE-12 cell inflammatory model. Furthermore, EMFPA treatment markedly reduced the W/D ratio, alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigated the histopathologic injuries in LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model. These findings fully confirm that UAE is a superior method for EMFPA extraction, and that EMFPA is a potential natural active for developing lung-protective functional foods or pharmaceuticals.
Enhancement of content, purity and anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury activity of persimmon leaf flavonoids: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, purification and related mechanism.
Han L, Zhang Q, Huo J … +8 more , Guo C, Wang S, Bao Y, Li T, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang B, Meng X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302649 · Full text
Persimmon leaves (PL) are agricultural and forestry by-products rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological activities. To fully exploit their medicinal value, we established an optimized integrated process combining...
Persimmon leaves (PL) are agricultural and forestry by-products rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological activities. To fully exploit their medicinal value, we established an optimized integrated process combining ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and resin purification to efficiently prepare persimmon leaf flavonoids (PLF) with high content and purity. The chemical composition of PLF was comprehensively characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, in vitro cell and in vivo rat models were employed to evaluate the activity and underlying mechanism of PLF against MIRI. Preliminary results showed that the content and purity of PLF prepared by the proposed process were significantly higher than those of crude PLF (C-PLF) obtained by conventional reflux extraction. The total flavonoid content (TFC) and mass fraction of total flavonoids in PL (TFPL) were 48.54 ± 0.86 mg/g and 87.78 ± 1.61%, respectively. In addition, in vitro pharmacological revealed that PLF exhibited significantly stronger anti-oxidative stress activity than C-PLF. Four monomeric compounds, namely hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside and astragalin, exerted synergistic effects. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that PLF alleviated myocardial infarction and oxidative stress injury in MIRI rats, and exerted cardioprotective effects by regulating oxidation-related proteins. At present, there are few studies on high-quality PLF worldwide. This study not only verified the high efficiency of UAE in flavonoid preparation, but also proved that high-purity PLF possesses prominent advantages against MIRI. The results provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of PL resources.
Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum: RSM optimization, ANN prediction, kinetics, structural characterization and cellular antioxidant activity.
Haider W, Lin Z, Gao K … +9 more , Li J, Li Y, Zhong J, Yuan L, Chen Z, Chen Y, Ding Z, Zhou F, Zhou M
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42302648 · Full text
Natural polysaccharides have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and various biological activities. However, the extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum...
Natural polysaccharides have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and various biological activities. However, the extraction of polysaccharides from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD) in a sustainable and effective way remains a challenge. In the present study ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UA-DES) extraction strategy was developed to improve the yield and bioactivity of MD polysaccharides (MDPs). Among the twenty-five prepared DES systems, DES-3.2 (choline chloride:citric acid, 1:2) showed the best extraction performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of the extraction parameters and artificial neural network (ANN) model was established to predict the extraction behavior and performance. In addition, extraction kinetics was successfully described by second-order kinetic model. Under the optimized conditions of liquid-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C, ultrasonic power of 360 W and ultrasonic time of 90 min, the MDPs yield reached 1.38 %, which was increased by 51.65 % compared with conventional HWE. Furthermore, ANN outperformed RSM in prediction accuracy and effectively captured the complex nonlinear interactions inherent to the extraction process. Structural characterization (SEM, FT-IR, XRD, HPGPC and TGA) analysis revealed that UA-DES extraction caused significant disruption of plant cell walls without changing the characteristic functional groups and amorphous structure of MDPs accompanied by higher molecular weight and thermal stability. Monosaccharide composition analysis identified galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucose as the predominant components with UA-DES extraction significantly enrich the galacturonic acid content compared with HWE. Further, UA-DES extracted MDPs had stronger antioxidant capacity in chemical assays and exerted higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cells by significantly decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. Additionally, DES-3.2 maintained over 91.25 % recovery after five recycling cycles, with only a 5.78 % loss in extraction efficiency of MDPs. Despite the modest absolute yield of 1.38 %, the excellent recyclability of DES-3.2 provides a strong economic counterbalance by reducing solvent costs and waste generation. Overall, UA-DES extraction is an effective, green, high-performance approach for extracting structurally distinct and bioactive MDPs for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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