Ultrason Sonochem [JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Sonocrystallization approach in crystal habit modification for improving the pharmaceutical properties of Rivaroxaban.
Singh M, Dhondale MR, Agrawal AK … +1 more , Kumar D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276017 · Full text
Poor pharmaceutical material properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can result in suboptimal manufacturing and therapeutic outcomes. Rivaroxaban (RIV) was explored as a model API due to its poor pharmaceu...
Poor pharmaceutical material properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can result in suboptimal manufacturing and therapeutic outcomes. Rivaroxaban (RIV) was explored as a model API due to its poor pharmaceutical properties and challenging industrial processability. In this research, crystal habit modification (CHM) of RIV was explored via solvent evaporation, cooling crystallization, and sonocrystallization methods. RIV (irregular) habit was modified to cuboidal, plate, and fiber via solvent evaporation; however, these were not further explored due to their large crystal sizes (>400 µm), which could pose serious dissolution and dose uniformity issues. Cooling crystallization method yielded plate (RIV_ACT) and blade-shaped (RIV_ACN) crystals with sizes < 200 µm. Further, CHM by sonocrystallization yielded tabular (RIV_SN6) crystals < 10 µm in size, which also exhibit a lower aspect ratio, a lower span value, and a narrower crystal size distribution than RIV_ACT and RIV_ACN. No polymorphic changes in modified habits were observed, as confirmed by PXRD, DSC, and TGA. Powder flowability improved significantly in the RIV_SN6 than in RIV_ACT and RIV_ACN (p < 0.0001) due to its narrow crystal size distribution. Interestingly, the RIV_SN6 showed improved tensile strength (p < 0.05) at a compression force of 300 MPa and exhibited improved wettability due to the exposure of polar functional groups on the modified habits. Furthermore, significant improvements in polar energy (p < 0.05) and ∼1.88 fold of IDR (p < 0.0001) were observed in RIV_SN6 compared to the RIV_ACT and RIV_ACN due to the prominence of polar groups and hydrophilic components on the particular facet.
Acoustic Cavitation-Induced Unfolding and Solubilization of Velvet Antler Protein for Antioxidant Peptide Release: Substrate Modification Kinetics, Quantum Chemistry, and Keap1/Nrf2-Associated Cellular Responses.
Xin X, Wang H, Park S … +4 more , Yan C, Li Q, Du R, Li X
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42276016 · Full text
The targeted extraction of bioactive peptides from structurally robust biological matrices, such as velvet antler protein (VAP), is severely hindered by high steric hindrance and profound conformational stability. This s...
The targeted extraction of bioactive peptides from structurally robust biological matrices, such as velvet antler protein (VAP), is severely hindered by high steric hindrance and profound conformational stability. This study established a multiscale analytical framework to investigate ultrasound-assisted VAP modification and its association with antioxidant peptide release and Keap1/Nrf2-related cellular responses. High-intensity ultrasound pretreatment (optimized at 450 W, 30 min, 30 mL/g) effectively deconstructed the dense interfacial architecture of VAP, sub-micronizing the particle size to ∼175 nm and promoting an ultrasound-associated conformational transition from α -helices to random coils. Thermodynamic deconstruction revealed that acoustic shear forces significantly attenuated the denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) and elevated surface hydrophobicity (H), alleviating steric constraints and driving an increase in targeted peptide yield from 44.82% to 68.32%. By integrating peptidomics, machine learning, and density functional theory (DFT), five representative antioxidant lead candidates were prioritized and subsequently synthesized for validation. DFT analyses suggested that these selected sequences may possess favorable electron-donating properties, potentially associated with aromatic residues, adjacent hydrophobic residues, and Pro-related conformational restriction. Furthermore, molecular docking suggested that these peptides may interact with the Keap1 Kelch domain, while in vitro cellular assays showed that the selected peptides restored endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in HO-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings provide physicochemical and cellular evidence supporting ultrasound-assisted VAP modification and antioxidant peptide discovery, offering a laboratory-scale, mechanistically guided strategy for discovering functional peptides from structurally dense biological resources. Nevertheless, further pilot-scale validation is required before industrial translation.
Assessment of synergistic effects of ultrasonication, ozonation and their combination with aloe vera active edible coating containing spirulina and turmeric extracts on preservation of fresh-cut apples.
Khalid S, Chaudhary K, Ghazal AF … +3 more , Aït-Kaddour A, El-Din Ibrahim ME, Aadil RM
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42269367 · Full text
Fresh-cut apples (FCA) are widely consumed due to their convenience and high nutritional value; however, their quality declines rapidly during storage due to enzymatic browning, microbial proliferation, oxidative reactio...
Fresh-cut apples (FCA) are widely consumed due to their convenience and high nutritional value; however, their quality declines rapidly during storage due to enzymatic browning, microbial proliferation, oxidative reactions, and moisture loss. While edible coatings and non-thermal processing approaches have been studied independently for postharvest preservation of fresh-cut produce, their combined use along with natural bioactive compounds has received limited attention. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel aloe vera gel-based active edible coating enriched with Spirulina platensis and turmeric extracts, applied alone (CT) or in combination with ultrasonication (US), ozonation (OZ), and their combined treatment (US + OZ) for preserving FCA at 4 °C for 42 days. Multiple quality parameters including weight loss, firmness, color attributes, physicochemical properties, antioxidant compounds, oxidative stress markers, enzymatic activity, microbial load, and overall acceptability were assessed throughout the storage. The coating treatment alone (CT) showed the most effective preservation, limiting weight loss to 4.58% after 42 days and maintaining firmness at 12.75 N, while the untreated control deteriorated rapidly with 17.41% weight loss and severe texture loss by day 14. Microbial growth remained minimal in CT (2.91 log CFU/ g total plate count; <2.5 log CFU/g yeast and mold). CT also preserved bioactive compounds with total phenolics (4.41 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (1.43 mg QE/g), and antioxidant activity (44.37% DPPH). The combined US + OZ-assisted coating treatment also exhibited strong preservation performance, particularly in maintaining firmness, reducing oxidative stress accumulation, and suppressing enzymatic browning-related activities. The improved preservation efficacy was associated with enhanced barrier properties of the coating matrix, reduced oxidative degradation, inhibition of browning-associated enzymes, and improved microbial control induced by the integrated non-thermal treatments. Overall, the aloe vera-based active coating, either alone or combined with mild US + OZ treatment, effectively maintained quality attributes and extended the storage stability of FCA up to 42 days compared with the rapid deterioration observed in untreated samples within 14 days. These findings highlight the potential of integrating natural bioactive coatings with non-thermal technologies as a sustainable preservation strategy for fresh-cut fruit applications.
Ultrasonic treatment effects on hydroxyl radical generation in various solution systems: an iodometric analysis.
Liu Y, Liu Y, Hou H … +4 more , Liu M, Li YY, Xu J, Guo J
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42269366 · Full text
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are key reactive species in sonochemical processes; however, their generation is strongly dependent on the operating parameters and solution composition. In this study, probe-ultrasonication-induc...
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are key reactive species in sonochemical processes; however, their generation is strongly dependent on the operating parameters and solution composition. In this study, probe-ultrasonication-induced oxidizing response was evaluated using an iodometric method in a 0.4mol L KI background, where the measured response reflects the accumulated titratable iodine (I) signal and is therefore discussed as an apparent •OH yield rather than an instantaneous steady-state [•OH]. The effects of sonication time (5-35 min), ultrasonic power (60-300 W), duty cycle (20%-100%), and probe position (top/middle/bottom) were systematically investigated. The apparent •OH yield increased with time and power, reached a maximum at a duty cycle of 60%, and was highest when the probe was positioned at the center of the liquid column. The influence of solution composition was further evaluated by adding ethanol, acetic acid, NaOH, NaHCO, and NaCl to the KI background. Increasing the ethanol and NaOH concentrations generally decreased the apparent •OH yield, whereas acetic acid showed a biphasic response. NaHCO decreased the apparent •OH yield in a concentration-dependent manner, and NaCl showed a non-monotonic concentration dependence. In phosphotungstic acid systems, the iodometric response increased with concentration at 10 min but the concentration dependence diminished at 30 min, and a no-ultrasound control showed a measurable baseline signal while ultrasound produced a stronger response. Hydrogen peroxide markedly enhanced the response at moderate concentration but reduced the apparent •OH yield at higher levels due to competing reactions, while a t-BuOH scavenger control reduced the signal to about 10% of that without t-BuOH, indicating predominantly •OH-driven response with minor non-specific contributions. These results provide practical guidance for regulating the accumulated oxidative response in probe-ultrasonic systems.
Multiscale numerical simulation based on Caflisch model to interpret power-induced quenching for sonochemical reactions.
Hayashi R, Yamamoto T
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42269365 · Full text
The power-induced quenching for sonochemical reactions in which the rate of sonochemical reactions decreases sharply as ultrasonic power increases is interpreted by a multiscale numerical simulation based on the Caflisch...
The power-induced quenching for sonochemical reactions in which the rate of sonochemical reactions decreases sharply as ultrasonic power increases is interpreted by a multiscale numerical simulation based on the Caflisch model. The utilization of a representative acoustic bubble for each numerical grid cell facilitated the numerical modeling of the interaction between the fundamental ultrasonic wave and the sound emission and absorption from the bubbles. The numerical results indicated that the waveform of ultrasound is largely distorted by the sound emission and absorption from the bubbles, generating harmonics and broadband noise. In the highly distorted conditions, the maximum temperature at the moment of bubble collapse experiences a substantial decrease, which contributes to the phenomenon of power-induced quenching. While the larger bubble number density and larger equilibrium bubble radius result in heightened sound emission and absorption from the bubbles, leading to a modest decline in the maximum temperature within the bubble, the predominant factor contributing to the temperature decrease and the sound emission and absorption is the sound pressure amplitude. This finding further substantiates the phenomenon of power-induced quenching. The sound wave maintains a standing wave configuration at a low-pressure amplitude, but transitions into a traveling wave configuration at a high-pressure amplitude due to the process of sound emission and absorption from the bubbles. In the traveling wave field, the temperature within the bubble is observed to decrease, while the distribution of the high-temperature zone becomes more extensive. This phenomenon aligns closely with the outcomes of previous experimental studies.
Potential of ultrasonication to produce low-salt surimi from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) meat.
Moghadam M, Heyn TR, Schwarz K … +1 more , Keppler JK
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jun · PMID 42269364 · Full text
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is a promising sustainable alternative protein source due to its high protein content and minimal environmental impact. The application of mussel myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in surimi product...
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is a promising sustainable alternative protein source due to its high protein content and minimal environmental impact. The application of mussel myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in surimi products is limited due to poor solubility under low-salt conditions. This study investigated the potential of using high-intensity ultrasonication (HIUS) to improve the properties of MP for low-salt surimi from mussel meat. To address this, a factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the combinatory effects of NaCl concentration (1, 2 and 3%), sonication amplitude (20, 55 and 90%), and sonication duration (5, 32.5 and 60 min) on the properties of mussel surimi. The findings indicated that increasing both, sonication amplitude and duration, improved protein solubility remarkably by up to 104% and reduced the mean particle size by up to 73%. Results of SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC analyses showed that HIUS cleaved large protein aggregates to protein subunits and smaller peptides. ATR-FTIR demonstrated structural modifications, with an increase in intermolecular beta-sheets and a reduction in intramolecular beta-sheets and random coils. In addition, increased water holding capacity (WHC) by up to 124% was observed at the highest sonication intensity and longest time period, although excessive sonication at high salt level (3%) negatively affected gel properties. Additionally, lower gel viscosity and enhanced gel whiteness were observed after more intense HIUS treatment. Significant interactions were found between salt concentration, sonication amplitude, and time, affecting the structural and functional properties of mussel surimi. Overall, this study systematically demonstrated how ultrasound processing and salt concentration synergistically improve the quality of mussel surimi, offering a novel low-salt formulation approach with potential applications in the seafood and functional food industries.
Probing radiation forces acting on acoustic bubbles using digital in-line holography.
Mauger C, Inserra C, Lotton A … +4 more , Grosjean N, Doinikov AA, Blanc-Benon P, Méès L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42263350 · Full text
A digital in-line holography technique (DIH) is applied to measure non-invasively the three-dimensional motion of micrometric bubbles in an acoustic field. In addition to the components of the bubble displacements, DIH a...
A digital in-line holography technique (DIH) is applied to measure non-invasively the three-dimensional motion of micrometric bubbles in an acoustic field. In addition to the components of the bubble displacements, DIH also allows the measurement of the temporal evolution of the bubble radii. It is shown that the knowledge of these four variables allow assessing the various forces that the bubbles experience. In the absence of the acoustic field, the buoyancy and drag forces are assessed. When the acoustic field is switched on, the primary radiation force acting on a single bubble is quantified. The order of the magnitude of the force, as well as its evolution along the bubble trajectory, are captured. It is demonstrated that the location of pressure nodes and antinodes in the cavity are recovered when compared with numerical simulations of the acoustic pressure field. When two bubbles nucleated in the cavity are investigated, they can attract and coalesce under the action of the secondary radiation force. DIH technique allows the quantification of this attractive force acting between the bubbles. The evolution of the secondary Bjerknes force with the interbubble distance is shown to be consistent with theoretical models.
Effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling on physicochemical properties, myofibrillar protein structure, and protein oxidation during beef curing.
Jin L, Zhang J, Zhang R … +4 more , Xing L, Li M, Yao X, Zhang W
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42263349 · Full text
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling (100, 300, 500, and 700 W) with different treatment times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) on the quality, myofibrillar protein stru...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted tumbling (100, 300, 500, and 700 W) with different treatment times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) on the quality, myofibrillar protein structure, and protein oxidation of beef (knuckles, 48 h postmortem). Differences in physicochemical properties were assessed, including tumbling yield, protein content in the brine, cooking loss, color, texture, and moisture distribution. Additionally, protein structural and oxidative characteristics were analyzed by measuring carbonyl groups, sulfhydryl groups, and secondary structural conformations. Results indicated that ultrasound-assisted treatment increased both tumbling yield and brine protein content (P < 0.05). Compared with single tumbling (conventional tumbling without ultrasound treatment), ultrasound-assisted tumbling increased the L* value and myofibrillar fragmentation index, while reducing the a* value, hardness, and shear force (P < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and cooking loss results confirmed that the ultrasound process raised the bound water content and enhanced water-holding capacity of beef (P < 0.05). Moreover, increased ultrasonic power elevated protein carbonyl content and reduced total sulfhydryl content, thus promoting protein oxidation. Conformational analyses revealed that ultrasound treatment reduced protein α-helix content while elevating β-sheet content. In summary, ultrasound-assisted tumbling improved cured beef quality by regulating water migration and modifying protein and myofibrillar structures.
Mechanisms of ultrasonic enhanced co-leaching of U and REEs from low-grade uranium resources.
Zeng J, Liu C, Li M … +6 more , Ma Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Sun Z, Luo X, Zhou Z
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42259003 · Full text
Uranium (U) and rare earth elements (REEs) are both strategic metallic elements. With the consumption of high-grade mineral resources, it is necessary to enhance the utilization of complex low-grade resources. This study...
Uranium (U) and rare earth elements (REEs) are both strategic metallic elements. With the consumption of high-grade mineral resources, it is necessary to enhance the utilization of complex low-grade resources. This study proposes an ultrasonic-enhanced alkali pretreatment - acid leaching process for the recycling of uranium tailings associated with REEs. The ultrasonic-assisted alkaline pretreatment effectively disrupted the gangue structure by dissolving a portion of silicon (3.66%) and aluminum (5.59%). This enhanced the accessibility of metals encapsulated within the gangue minerals and altered the speciation of residual REEs, thereby facilitating the subsequent acid leaching of both U and REEs. The advantageous regions for acid leaching of U and REEs were identified through thermodynamic analysis. Effects of ultrasonic-assisted acid leaching conditions on the leaching efficiencies of U and REEs were investigated. The optimized acid leaching conditions are as follows: HCl concentration of 2.5 mol/L, leaching temperature of 70 °C, leaching time of 2 h, L/S ratio of 10:1, HO addition of 5%, and ultrasonic power of 400 W with frequency of 40 kHz. The leaching efficiencies of U and REEs reached 90.43% and 72%, which increased by 17.09% and 12.33% respectively, compared to conventional leaching. The characteristics of the residue before and after ultrasonic leaching were compared to analyze the leaching mechanism. During acid leaching, the free radical capture experiment found that the ultrasonic effect promoted the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce more free radicals, oxidizing insoluble U(IV) to dissolved U(VI). The ultrasonic effects strengthened the leaching kinetics for both U and REEs. The results provide an enhanced method for the efficient utilization of low-grade encapsulated mineral resources.
Nanofiltration concentration process of Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides and membrane fouling mechanism based on the ultrasonic-regulated adsorption and concentration kinetics.
Xing D, Ma Y, Zhang Z … +7 more , Hu S, Xue S, Cheng L, Zhou Y, Chen W, Zhi X, Li C
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42259002 · Full text
Lingzhi is the dried fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum from the polyporaceae. It's non-toxic and has medicinal and edible use. The active ingredient Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide presents a manufacturing pro...
Lingzhi is the dried fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum from the polyporaceae. It's non-toxic and has medicinal and edible use. The active ingredient Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptide presents a manufacturing problem of nanofiltration membrane contamination during concentration at room temperature because of its heat sensitivity. During the nanofiltration concentration process of Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides, membrane fouling leads to low production efficiency, which is the primary problem limiting industrial production. In this study, a nanofiltration concentration model appropriate for industrial application has been developed and the nanofiltration contamination mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides was elucidated using ultrasound-assisted separation. Adsorption kinetics, concentration kinetics, and concentration polarization coefficient models were used to investigate the nanofiltration separation and contamination behavior of Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides regulated by ultrasound. The nanofiltration contamination mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum glycopeptides was elucidated in conjunction with the membrane surface microstructure analysis. The ultrasonic-assisted membrane separation parameters were optimized to be transmembrane pressure 0.6 MPa, ultrasonic power 432 W, and pH 8.00, with rejections of triterpenoids, proteins, and sugars of 99.7%-94.4%, 97.8%-95.2%, and 91.8%-85.7%, respectively, as the fermentation broth volume increased from 2 L to 50 L. Accordingly, the SCQ-9200E ultrasonic apparatus has a bath tank, an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz, a power density of 0.24 W/cm, and an amplitude of 20.78 μm. The membrane flux ranged from 19.23 to 13.97 L/m·h. Adsorption rates for triterpenoids, proteins, and sugar components were 10.5%-0.8%, 2.1%-0.1%, and 3.9%-0.2%, respectively. The primary cause of concentration polarization under pressure, which results in membrane flux attenuation, is the accumulation of glycopeptide components on the membrane surface. According to the solute's adsorption kinetics model and the concentration rate constant, the triterpenoids and sugars were primarily physically adsorbed on the surface of the composite polyamide membrane material, while the protein components were primarily chemically adsorbed with physical adsorption as a supplement. Ultrasonic-assisted concentration may significantly increase component recovery rate, shorten concentration time, and improve nanofiltration separation efficiency. The membrane fouling model developed in this study can help clarify the fouling mechanism during nanofiltration concentration of plant fermentation solutions high in sugar and protein. By adjusting ultrasonic-assisted separation parameters, it simultaneously tackles the technological problem that makes it difficult to industrialize nanofiltration concentration at room temperature.
Energy transfer mechanism in ultrasonic impact and its single-cycle equivalent experimental methodology.
Jiang Q, Ran T, Lai Y … +4 more , Lin P, Qian P, Xu Z, Sun F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42251846 · Full text
Ultrasonic impact treatment is extensively employed to improve the surface quality and fatigue performance of engineered components. However, existing methodologies are limited by their inability to accurately characteri...
Ultrasonic impact treatment is extensively employed to improve the surface quality and fatigue performance of engineered components. However, existing methodologies are limited by their inability to accurately characterize the transient behavior within a single impact cycle, which hinders the development of theoretically grounded parameter optimization. This paper investigates the stress wave propagation mechanism during single-cycle of ultrasonic impact and proposes an equivalent impact experimental analysis method for single-cycle ultrasonic impact treatment grounded in one-dimensional impact stress wave theory. The key innovation lies in decoupling the complex high-frequency process into a controllable single-cycle event based on a rigorously derived energy equivalence principle. An energy transfer model based on stress wave propagation was established, and the equivalence conditions for the impact parameters were subsequently derived. Complementary finite element models of ultrasonic impact treatment and equivalent impact treatment were constructed. Validation was performed via an equivalent impact test platform using 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy and 45# steel. The stress wave history curve measured in the equivalent impact test closely replicates the theoretical ultrasonic impact curve, with errors in maximum amplitude and pulse width within 4.4% and 5.4% respectively. Comparison between simulation and equivalent impact test results reveals maximum depth and diameter errors below 3.7% and 7% respectively, with maximum residual stress error below 5.5% and hardness errors within 5.2% at different orientations. Electron Backscatter Diffraction analysis confirms highly consistent grain size distribution between the two techniques. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the visual investigation into the mechanism of ultrasonic impact and offers new insights for the exploration of various ultrasonic-based processes.
Sub-wavelength scale randomly frozen microbubble during short-pulsed-ultrasound-driven microbubble cluster dynamics in microfluidic channel.
Xu Y, Luo S, Wang Y … +3 more , Wang L, Fan Y, Li F
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42247729 · Full text
Microbubble cloud dynamics under short-pulse ultrasound in flowing environments remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate microbubble cloud behaviour in a vessel-mimicking microfluidic channel under short-pu...
Microbubble cloud dynamics under short-pulse ultrasound in flowing environments remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate microbubble cloud behaviour in a vessel-mimicking microfluidic channel under short-pulse ultrasound (1.125 MHz) and controlled laminar flow (37.5-150 µL/min). High-speed visualization reveals two distinct regimes: an actively interacting regime characterized by clustering and coalescence, and a 'frozen' regime in which microbubbles exhibit minimal displacement despite continued ultrasound excitation. Both regimes lead to the formation of spatially frozen, yet oscillating, microbubbles at the subwavelength scale. We observe clustered frozen microbubbles in the frozen region and isolated relative larger microbubble in the actively interacting region. A theoretical model including hydrodynamic drag with wall correction captures the transition between actively moving and frozen states. The results indicate that microbubble cloud dynamics under short-pulse excitation is determined by a dynamic competition between acoustic radiation forces and near-wall hydrodynamic drag, with flow rate and pulse duration acting as coupled control parameters.
Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of polyphenols from Cornus officinalis: Optimization, mechanisms, and bioactivity.
Chen P, Xiao W, Li R … +3 more , Zhou B, Chen F, Zhang R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42241829 · Full text
This study investigated the combined use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for extracting polyphenols from Cornus officinalis (COF). The results revealed that DESs containing choli...
This study investigated the combined use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for extracting polyphenols from Cornus officinalis (COF). The results revealed that DESs containing choline chloride-acetamide (ChCl-Ace, 1 : 2) yielded the highest extraction efficiency. Optimal extraction conditions included an ultrasonic power of 350 W, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 24 : 1 mL/g, and 45% water content. Eight phenolic compounds in the COF extract were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. According to the SEM observations, the surface structure of the samples was modified by UAE, as indicated by an average pore size of 770 ± 14.32 nm in ChCl-Ace-UAE, which helped release phenolic compounds. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that ChCl-Ace significantly enhanced solute-solvent interactions, particularly with gallic acid and cyanidin-3-O glucoside, leading to improved extraction efficiency. In vitro chemical and cellular assays confirmed that DES-Ace displayed superior antioxidant properties. In addition, the ChCl-Ace-UAE extract (0.5 mg/mL) demonstrated 91.25 ± 0.15% Staphylococcus aureus, 95.48 ± 0.17% Escherichia coli and 93.72 ± 0.36% Propionibacterium acnes inhibition in the antibacterial assay. In summary, the combined use of UAE and DESs offers a promising and eco-friendly approach for extracting valuable compounds from botanical sources.
Rapid degradation of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate via a hybrid UV/hydrodynamic cavitation system with HO and persulfate.
Sajedi H, Baradaran S, Vahidi O
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42224939 · Full text
Removing organic pollutants like the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) from wastewater is challenging due to its environmental persistence and toxicity. This study employed a hybrid system combin...
Removing organic pollutants like the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) from wastewater is challenging due to its environmental persistence and toxicity. This study employed a hybrid system combining hydrodynamic cavitation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and the oxidants hydrogen peroxide (HO) and sodium persulfate (PS) to degrade the surfactant. Experiments were conducted with an initial SDBS concentration of 10 mg·L⁻, wastewater volume of 4 L, pressure of 3 bar, temperature of 30 ± 2 °C, and reaction time of 40 min. A Box‑Behnken design was used to optimize parameters including UV radiation power (0-32 W), HO concentration (100-300 mg·L⁻), and PS concentration (100-300 mg·L⁻). Optimal conditions (210 mg·L⁻HO, 182 mg·L⁻ PS, 16 W UV) resulted in 98.2% pollutant degradation and a pseudo‑first‑order rate constant of 100.5 × 10⁻ min⁻. The combined process (HC/UV/HO/PS) showed the highest efficiency, the lowest electrical energy per order (EE/O = 31.9 kWh·m⁻), and an energy consumption ratio (ECR) of 593.0. Increasing the initial SDBS concentration from 10 to 40 mg·L⁻ reduced degradation to 66.92% and the rate constant to 62.3 × 10⁻ min⁻. Radical scavenger tests indicated that 83.5% of the degradation was attributed to radical oxidation; of this fraction, hydroxyl radicals contributed 81.33% and persulfate radicals contributed 18.67%, while the remaining 16.5% was due to direct cavitation and UV radiation effects.
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction using a choline chloride-lactic acid green solvent for gingerbread sample preparation before elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Kowaluk A, Rabiej-Kozioł D, Pazderski L … +1 more , Szydłowska-Czerniak A
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42218843 · Full text
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (LacA), have been developed as sustainable and green extractants for the determination of chemical elements in gingerbread cook...
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (LacA), have been developed as sustainable and green extractants for the determination of chemical elements in gingerbread cookies by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three ChCl:LacA solvents with molar ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 3:2 were prepared and characterized using Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR), and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry, TGA, and derivative thermogravimetry, DTG). The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions, including the ChCl to LacA molar ratio, water content (WC) in NADESs, and sonication time. Evidently, there were significant differences in the amounts of macronutrients and manganese between the samples prepared using the proposed NADES extraction and those obtained after microwave‑assisted acid digestion (MW‑AD) and quantified by ICP‑MS. Therefore, under the predicted optimum extraction parameters with ChCl:LacA (1:1), a WC of 34 %, and a sonication time of 40 min, the concentrations of three microelements (Zn, Cu, and Fe) were consistent with the predicted values from the response surface fitting equations. In addition, the decision tree learning model helped determine the optimal conditions for green extraction of these inorganic analytes from gingerbread and validated that RSM predictions are consistent and accurate. The results indicate that the UAE using ChCl:LacA is a promising analytical procedure for the simultaneous extraction of zinc, copper, and iron from gingerbread cookies.
Physical field processing in surimi gelation: From molecular triad modulation to customized nutrition.
Gao X, Gui M, Gao L … +3 more , Huang J, Ren X, Liu R
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42217430 · Full text
Surimi-based products are widely consumed due to their huge nutritional values. Especially towards global aging, specific demographics (e.g. the elderly and hypertension patients) have increasingly diverse demands for su...
Surimi-based products are widely consumed due to their huge nutritional values. Especially towards global aging, specific demographics (e.g. the elderly and hypertension patients) have increasingly diverse demands for surimi-based products in terms of texture and nutrition. The gelation properties fundamentally determine the quality attributes of these products. Conventional water-bath heating used to produce surimi-based products relies on conductive heating, which faces inherent limitations in precise temperature control and energy efficiency. To further improve the gelation properties, emerging physical field technologies offer promising alternatives. However, there are few reviews that systematically elucidate and compare the mechanism behind the enhanced surimi gelation properties under different physical field technologies, and further explore how these technologies can be precisely modulated to meet the personalized needs of special demographics. Based on surimi gelation process and principles of physical field technologies, this study systematically elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of these technologies from a molecular perspective, focusing on myosin behavior, transglutaminase activity, and protease inhibition. Subsequently, it further explored how this precise controllability can be harnessed to develop function-specific surimi-based products tailored to distinct consumer groups. The present work showed that physical field technologies enhanced surimi gelation by promoting myosin dispersion/unfolding, strengthening hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds, activating transglutaminase, and inhibiting proteases. More importantly, their controllable energy delivery provided a unique platform for creating customized surimi products. Future research should focus on multi-physical field coupling, intelligence processing, and personalized surimi-based foods for specific demographics, thereby advancing the industry toward precision nutrition and sustainable manufacturing.
Optimal ultrasound enhances T. reesei cellulases secretion for high biomass enzymatic saccharification by hyphal fragmentation.
Peng H, Liu J, Liu J … +9 more , Wang X, Wang H, Ma H, Fu Y, Sun D, Wang Y, Fu C, Peng L, Liu P
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42214245 · Full text
Although ultrasound technology has been broadly employed in diverse fields, its direct application during fungal incubation for production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes is not implemented. Using sugarcane bagasse t...
Although ultrasound technology has been broadly employed in diverse fields, its direct application during fungal incubation for production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes is not implemented. Using sugarcane bagasse together with sugarcane juice, this study optimized T. reesei incubation condition for secretion of mixed-cellulases at high activities. The optimal ultrasound treatment was then explored to improve enzyme production during T. reesei incubation with the bagasse substrate for secretions of three major types of cellulases and xylanases. As a comparison, the secreted CBHI, EGII, β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were respectively increased by 48%, 10%, 147% and 74%, whereas the FPA was raised by 54% relative to the control (without ultrasound). Furthermore, those secreted enzymes were employed for biomass enzymatic saccharification in three representative bioenergy crops after mild alkali pretreatments, with raised hexose yields by 50%-64% and total sugar yields by 34%-43%. Notably, we observed the hyphal fragmentation at well distribution and the digested lignocelluloses at high homogeneity during a long-term T. reesei incubation after optimal ultrasound treatment. Meanwhile, untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed a distinctively altered metabolic remodeling in both fungal-secreted enzymes and all remaining fungal-lignocellulose residues under optimal ultrasound treatment. Based on all major findings achieved, a model is finally proposed about the distinct roles of optimal ultrasound treatment for improving T. reesei secretion of cellulases and xylanases at high-yield and high-activity by facilitating T. reesei interaction with bagasse substrate. Therefore, this study has demonstrated an advanced ultrasound technology to upgrade enzymes production from fungal-lignocellulose incubation for enhancing biomass enzymatic saccharification in bioenergy crops.
Synergistic effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Ultra-High pressure on quality attributes and flavor profile of lactic acid Bacteria-Fermented fresh jujube juice.
Zhang Y, Xue Q, Yao Y … +7 more , Xie J, Yan J, Yao R, Yang M, Sun X, Yu Z, Ma L
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42208385 · Full text
Non-thermal processing technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to preserve bioactive compounds in fruit-based beverages. However, the synergistic effects of ultrasound-assisted ultra-high pressure (US-UHP) co...
Non-thermal processing technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to preserve bioactive compounds in fruit-based beverages. However, the synergistic effects of ultrasound-assisted ultra-high pressure (US-UHP) combined with lactic acid bacteria fermentation on jujube juice quality remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the effects of US-UHP pretreatment on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, volatile profiles, and sensory characteristics of fermented jujube juice (FJJ). Results demonstrated that US-UHP pretreated samples exhibited superior quality attributes. At 24'h fermentation, total phenolic content reached 2.32 mg/mL, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were 87.30% and 74.86%, respectively, and ascorbic acid content was significantly higher than other groups. After 40 h fermentation, reducing sugar consumption rate reached 54.69%. Notably, US-UHP treatment significantly improved colloidal stability, with particle size maintained at 33.41-53.21 d.nm compared to 1597.67 d.nm in untreated samples, accompanied by lower polydispersity index values. Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses revealed that US-UHP treatment effectively reduced undesirable flavor compounds (butyric acid, hexanal, acetaldehyde) while promoting the accumulation of floral and fruity scent-related ketones. Principal component analysis of electronic nose data confirmed distinct flavor differentiation among treatments, and sensory evaluation demonstrated that US-UHP pretreated samples achieved the highest overall acceptability scores. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between total phenolic/flavonoid contents and overall acceptance (r > 0.92). These findings demonstrate that US-UHP pretreatment synergistically enhances microbial inactivation, bioactive compound release, and metabolic efficiency, providing theoretical insights and technical guidance for high-quality FJJ development.
Spatio-temporal analysis of cavitation dynamics and decolorization of methylene blue in an energy-efficient orifice-type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor.
Chaudhuri JH, Chatterjee D
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42208384 · Full text
Hydrodynamic cavitation, though a promising advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment, is often limited by high energy demands in its industrial implementation. In this study, an optimized orifice-type HC re...
Hydrodynamic cavitation, though a promising advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment, is often limited by high energy demands in its industrial implementation. In this study, an optimized orifice-type HC reactor geometry was arrived at using numerical simulations and optimization techniques to simultaneously maximize cavity collapse intensity and minimize energy requirement. The resulting geometry was subjected to experimental characterization, focusing on the spatiotemporal evolution of cavitation dynamics. These analyses reveal that the cloud cavitation regime, characterized by periodic shedding and collapse-induced shock waves, offers the greatest treatment potential. Intense cavity collapse, quantified primarily by pressure fluctuations, results in the chemical degradation of methylene blue (MB). Pressure fluctuations and MB removal efficiency are correlated, thereby providing a rapid, cost-effective diagnostic framework for predicting reactor performance. A comparison of the present results with those available in the literature indicates that the optimized geometry is significantly more energy-efficient (10.2 kJ/L), achieving comparable degradation (11% MB decolourization at pH 7.8 after 90 passes). Hence, this approach establishes it as a robust candidate for scaling up for wastewater treatment applications.
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total saponins from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and evaluation of their antioxidant activity and pH stability.
Zhang X, Shi Y, Wang J … +4 more , Huo S, Yang Y, Wang X, Li Y
Ultrason Sonochem · 2026 Jul · PMID 42208383 · Full text
This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process for Semen Ziziphi Spinosae total saponin (SZS-TS) from defatted Semen Ziziphi Spinosae powder and to assess the antioxidant activity and pH st...
This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process for Semen Ziziphi Spinosae total saponin (SZS-TS) from defatted Semen Ziziphi Spinosae powder and to assess the antioxidant activity and pH stability of the SZS-TS obtained under these conditions. Single-factor experiments, along with a four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken response surface methodology, were utilized to optimize the UAE process parameters. The optimal extraction conditions included an ultrasonic temperature of 50℃, an ethanol concentration of 70%, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), an ultrasonic power of 360 W, and an ultrasonic time of 50 min, with an average SZS-TS extraction yield of 2.719%. Compared with the traditional water decoction method (WDM), the optimized UAE significantly increased (P < 0.001) the yields of SZS-TS and jujuboside A by 137.88% and 161.15%, respectively, while no significant difference was observed in the yield of jujuboside B (P > 0.05). In vitro antioxidant assays showed that SZS-TS exhibited concentration-dependent scavenging effects against ABTS·, DPPH·, ·OH, and O⁻· free radicals, with the scavenging rates of 83.30%, 75.18%, 57.20%, and 13.00% at the maximum tested concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, respectively, but its antioxidant activity was lower than that of vitamin C at the same mass concentration. In vivo experiments utilizing a diquat-induced oxidative stress model in broilers confirmed the antioxidant effect of SZS-TS, which dose-dependently increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and enhanced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Furthermore, pH stability tests indicated that SZS-TS exhibited the highest stability under weak acidic conditions (pH 5.77), with a total retention rate of 85.51% after 12 d of storage at 4°C. This study provides a scalable, green extraction strategy for SZS-TS, laying a theoretical foundation for its industrial applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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